@Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13481, title = {Understanding Chipped Stone Tools~}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {194-195}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.194}, editor = {Arthur W. Anderson} } @article {13185, title = {Using retroReveal as a Complement to DStretch for Enhancing Red Ochre Pictographs}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {001-015}, abstract = {

The web-based program retro-Reveal has been used primarily for providing improved visibility of documents with faint text, including stamps, currency, music, and so forth. It has yet to be used to its full potential by archaeologists interested in rock art. The plugin DStretch, used on the ImageJ platform, has been the standard for enhancement of faint red ochre rock art images. We introduce retroReveal as a supplement to photographic investigation through comparison of images from four rock art sites in Alberta, Canada. Processing photographs with the two techniques typically yields comparable results, but often with slight differences. In a few cases, retroReveal makes certain features more apparent than is the case with DStretch; in other instances, the opposite is true. Other positive and negative aspects of the two techniques are discussed. Experiments with black pictographs indicate that retroReveal does not perform satisfactorily with these images. Overall, our results indicate that retroReveal should be added to the toolkit for illuminating painted rock art images.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.1}, author = {Thomas D. Andrews and Jack W. Brink} } @article {12926, title = {Une arch{\'e}ologie sociale des Iroquoiens de Saint-Anicet, la question identitaire / A Social Archaeology of the Saint-Anicet Iroquoians: A Question of Identity}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {303-329}, abstract = {

The Saint-Anicet region has received continuous archaeological attention between 1992 and 2017, resulting in a large dataset on three village sites. The McDonald, Droulers, and Mailhot-Curran sites represent a local sequence covering the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The material culture, specifically remains of longhouses, corn cultivation, and a rich ceramic assemblage, clearly indicates an Iroquoian identity. While the main goal of fieldwork was to build a social archaeology based on the extensive excavation of longhouses, fieldwork was guided by the conviction that Saint-Anicet Iroquoians were members of a distinct group, identified as St. Lawrence Iroquoians by archaeologists. This study will review the data and arguments supporting this specific cultural identity while problems linked to this identity building will be acknowledged.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.303}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @article {12568, title = {Unsettled Archaeology with a Resettled Community: Practicing Memory, Identity, and Archaeology in Hebron}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {066-082}, abstract = {

The Hebron Family Archaeology Project is a multi-year project which works towards increasing our understanding of twentieth-century life in Hebron, a former Inuit community in northern Labrador whose residents (Hebronimiut) were forcibly relocated in 1959. The primary goal of the project is to provide opportunities for the residents of Hebron to return to their homeland and to record the stories and memories of Elders before they are lost. Based on the expressed interests of community members, the scope of research has shifted from household excavation to non-invasive archaeological recording methods, family-based interviews, and increasing accessibility. Project goals and methods are flexible in nature in order to suit the needs of the people I am trying to serve, and my role as a researcher has changed as a result. While these factors have unsettled the original goals of the project, ultimately, they have provided critical guiding lessons to develop an Inuit-driven narrative that will be relevant and accessible to present and future generations of Hebronimiut.

}, author = {Michelle Tari Davies} } @article {13852, title = {The Unanticipated Legacy of Howard G. Savage: Reflections on Teaching, Learning, and Practising Zooarchaeology in Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {130-154}, abstract = {

Dr. Howard G. Savage, one of the founders of zooarchaeology in Canada, taught the Faunal Archaeo-Osteology course at the University of Toronto from the 1970s to the 1990s. Hundreds of students completed the course, taking away a solid appreciation of zooarchaeological data generation, representation, and analysis. In this article, we consider why the course had a profoundly positive influence on so many students and examine how Dr.\ Savage{\textquoteright}s legacy lives on in zooarchaeology in Ontario. We then interrogate the appropriateness of transferring lessons of an undergraduate course into professional approaches and find that this transferring has indirectly resulted in an arbitrary and insufficiently large sample size appearing in government guidelines for professional archaeologists. Similarly, practices that were deemed appropriate in a university course context, such as a tendency to not identify fish vertebrae, have carried over into professional standards and practice and have resulted in biased zooarchaeological datasets. We argue that accepted practices within zooarchaeology in the province need to be revised and strengthened.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.2.130}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Alicia L. Hawkins and Suzanne Needs-Howarth and Trevor J. Orchard and Frances L. Stewart} } @article {12539, title = {The Upper Island Cove Petroglyphs: An Algonquian Enigma}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {123-161}, abstract = {

Small lichen-obscured petroglyphs carved onto a rock face on the outskirts of the community of Upper Island Cove (UIC), Newfoundland have been known to residents for at least 75 years. The glyphs are comprised of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures as well as Roman-type script. Photogrammetry and Highlight-Reflectance Transformation Imaging were employed to document and analyse the inscriptions as well as to interpret the sequence of carving. Stylistic comparisons with similar petroglyphs in northeastern North America appear to situate the Upper Island Cove example within the cultural traditions of Algonquian- speaking peoples. The UIC carvings are thought to date to the historic period, yet when and by whom these petroglyphs were carved remains uncertain. Their age, however, is of secondary importance to their cultural attribution, as they are the first Indigenous petroglyphs recorded on the island of Newfoundland.

}, author = {Barry C. Gaulton and Bryn Tapper and Duncan Williams and Donna Teasdale} } @article {12565, title = {Unsettling Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {001{\textendash}019}, abstract = {

In this introduction to the special issue, we examine some of the ways that settler colonialism permeates archaeology in Canada and argue for unsettling approaches to archaeology. Archaeology is a product of and remains a tool for settler colonialism, often oppressing both people of the past and people in the present, especially Indigenous People, Black People, People of Colour, and LGBTQ2S+ community members. We call for unsettling research paradigms, which aim to disrupt the settler colonial foundations that continue to permeate archaeological work and ensure that it benefits only a select few. Unsettling approaches target not only the work we do as archaeologists, but also the structures our work operates through, including universities, museums, different levels of government, and heritage policy and legislation governing private sector archaeology. They require us to acknowledge and confront our relationships to settler colonialism and the ways we participate in it, in all aspects of our lives. Unsettling paradigms play out differently within each project and for each participant, depending on individuals{\textquoteright} unique relationships to settler colonialism, their own experiences, and the context. As illustrated in the papers in this special issue, they encompass themes of truth, listening, learning, feeling, relinquishing control, and building strong futures. To move towards an archaeology that is anti-colonial, anti-racist, and anti-mysogynist, we must address the deeply embedded colonialism, racism, and misogyny in Canadian settler colonial structures and society. We must start by addressing them within ourselves and the institutions that govern and support our work. Because the unequal power relations within archaeology are so entrenched and pervasive, change may come slowly. It will involve long-term commitment to an ongoing cycle of learning, feeling (particularly when we feel uncomfortable), questioning, and most importantly, acting.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.1.1}, author = {Laura Kelvin and Lisa Hodgetts} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11542, title = {Unsettling Mobility: Mediating Mi{\textquoteright}kmaw Sovereignty in Post-contact Nova Scotia}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {343-346}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12551, title = {Uncovering Submerged Landscapes: Towards a GIS Method for Locating Submerged Archaeology in Southeast Alaska}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {264-267}, editor = {William T. D. Wadsworth} } @article {12570, title = {Unsettling the Archaeology Field School: Development of a Community Engaged Model at the University of Northern British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {105{\textendash}132}, abstract = {

In this paper, Unsettling Archaeology refers to improving how we as archaeologists work with Indigenous communities on their heritage. A fundamental part of this process involves how we train students, and the archaeology field school provides a perfect vehicle in which to explore new avenues. Since 2000, the University of Northern British Columbia has partnered with a number of Indigenous communities on the coast and in the interior of British Columbia, to deliver 13 field schools in various locations. A key pillar of the field school model is the integration and weaving of traditional knowledge taught by community members, and a science-based approach to field methods, taught by university staff. This paper describes the initial field school model and highlights problems and successes with implementation.

}, author = {Farid Rahemtulla} } @article {11110, title = {The Use of Style in Resistance, Politics and the Negotiation of Identity: St. Lawrence Iroquoians in a Huron-Wendat Community}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {001-022}, abstract = {

The late sixteenth century Huron-Wendat Benson site in the Balsam Lake area of south-central Ontario has produced substantial quantities of a characteristic \‘barred\’ ceramic motif found virtually nowhere else. In addition, it has produced ceramics that are \“hybrids\” of Huron-Wendat and St. Lawrence Iroquoian styles. An analysis of these ceramics leads to the interpretation that they are part of a complex process of power brokering by women in the community. In part this entails symbolic resistance on the part of adopted St. Lawrence Iroquoian women. At the same time, it reveals a strategy used by both St. Lawrence Iroquoian and Huron-Wendat women of sending signals of ambiguous political allegiance, either to achieve a degree of political flexibility, or to attempt to mediate between the community\’s two competing political factions.

}, author = {Peter Ramsden} }