<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALLEN</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bentley Street: Working With People Towards Heritage Preservation</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In late August 1997, word reached Archaeological Services New Brunswick that a known pre-contact site within the City of Saint John was scheduled for sale and development. A flurry of meetings with the city, the developer, the Native community and provincial authorities resulted in a delay of development proceedings. In October three weeks of archaeological work was conducted at the previously untested Bentley Street site. The results of the testing project were surprising to all parties including the archaeologist. Everyone agreed that there was indeed reason to step back from at least a portion of the proposed development area. This paper summarizes the history surrounding the Bentley Street situation, the results of the 1997 test and the efforts required to preserve a rare piece of New Brunswick heritage.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Allentuck</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond Linnaean Taxonomy and Towards Alternative Animal Classification in Zooarchaeology</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterborough</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linnaean systematics is based on evolutionary histories, degrees of difference in reproductive biology and biomechanics among animals. The question of whether people in the past also divided their animal worlds along the same lines has not been critically evaluated in zooarchaeological research. Ingold asserts in The Perception of the Environment that meaningful taxonomy can only be attained once we understand how people negotiate their relationships with one another and with their environments. Though Ingold was referring to contemporary societies, this sentiment has not been adopted in zooarchaeological studies of human-animal interactions. Furthermore, the contextual-interpretive theoretical framework has been widely adopted among archaeologists working with traditional forms of material culture, but zooarchaeology continues to be practiced within the essentialist-positivist paradigm that upholds Linnaean taxonomy as immutable. In order to achieve meaningful interpretation of faunal assemblages, I propose that analysis should be founded on a contextually situated folk taxonomy that may or may not relate to our scientific notions of animal classification.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindsay Amundsen-Meyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blazing the Trail: Geographic Information Systems Analysis of the Old North Trail</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145-178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Old North Trail was the main north-to-south link running along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains, within the homeland of the Blackfoot people. While travelling along this trail, human groups stopped at resource patches and important landmarks, leaving evidence of their passing in the form of archaeological sites. This paper examines the historical and archaeological evidence for the Old North Trail and discusses use of leastcost path analysis within a geographic information system framework to model the route of the trail. Where differences exist between the location of least-cost paths and the course of the Old North Trail, the “pull” factors that may have drawn human groups away from the most efficient route across the landscape will be explored. This analysis suggests there was a sacred dimension to this landscape, with features of ecological and ideological importance affecting human movement through the region.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;L’ancienne piste du Nord (Old North Trail) était le lien principal entre le nord et le sud et parcourait le flanc ouest des Rocheuses, sur les terres ancestrales du peuple des Pieds-Noirs. Au cours de leurs voyages le long de cette piste, divers groupes d’humains s’arrêtaient là où ils trouvaient des ressources et des sites importants, laissant à ces endroits des traces de leur passage, endroits qui sont devenus des sites archéologiques. Cet exposé examine les preuves historiques et archéologiques sur l’ancienne piste du Nord et présente l’utilisation de l’analyse du trajet à moindre coût dans le cadre d’un système d’information géographique, qui permet une modélisation du parcours de la piste. Là où il existe des différences entre le trajet à moindre coût et l’ancienne piste du Nord, des facteurs d’attraction pourraient avoir attiré des groupes d’humains en-dehors du trajet le plus efficace. Ces facteurs d’attraction sont considérés dans cet exposé et leur analyse suggère qu’il peut y avoir une dimension sacrée au paysage, comportant des caractéristiques d’importance écologique et idéologique qui ont affecté les déplacements humains à travers la région.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa ANSELMI</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond the Acculturation Framework: Exploring Native and European Contact in the Northeast in New Ways</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of Native and European contact on Native communities during the Early Contact Period (c. 1500- 1650 A.D.) in the Northeast has long been of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists. For many years, investigations into these effects have been contained within an acculturation framework. However this framework, as it has been employed, has often limited the acknowledgment of Native choice with respect to what European items and ideas were adopted into Native cultural practices and to what manner these items and ideas were used. I suggest that different theoretical constructs, such as practice theory and agency, may be more proficiently used to support future research into the effects of Native and European contact. This paper demonstrates one way that these constructs may be used, taking as an example the manner in which Wendat artisans manufactured copper and copper-alloy artifacts from European kettles that were traded into the Northeast region during this period.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BALL, Bruce</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Magne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.C. Plateau and the Northwestern Plains Similarities: Towards a Temporal Model for the Interior Plateau</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitehorse, Yukon</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Interior Plateau region of British Columbia has long been considered a distinct &#039;archaeological area&#039;. Comparisons of artifact styles from the neighboring Northwestern Plains region suggest interesting developmental relationships. The application of a temporal model is advanced as a means to culture-historical interpretation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James H. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevor J. RINGROSE</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BONE WEIGHT DATA AND THE INTERPRETATION OF INTRA-SITE AND INTER-SITE ECONOMIC PATTERNING: THEORY AND PRACTICE</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halifax</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper has two aims. Firstly, it reviews zooarchaeological implications of the allometric relationship between dry bone weight and total weight in mammals, birds and fish. Secondly, it illustrates how weight data from bone (and other cultural inclusions) can serve as valuable indicators of intra-site and inter-site behavioural patterning. Univariate and multivariate techniques of statistical analysis are applied to data from Viking Age and medieval settlement sites in northern Scotland.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bathurst, Rhonda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond Disease: The Archaeological Significance of Parasites</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanaimo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopic evidence of intestinal parasites have been recovered from 11 of 15 shell midden sites examined in the Namu region of the Central Coast. Eggs representing 4 genera and dating over 6000 years old were identified from midden sediment that had been excavated in auger samples. The paper will demonstrate that parasites are a valuable line of archaeological evidence, with broad interpretive value. Aside from health, the genera recovered are indicators of environmental conditions, site ecology, and food choice/preparation. Difference in the density and variety of parasites between sites is considered evidence of human population density, site use and seasonality.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bazely, Susan M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bringing Archaeology to the Public: A Kingston Viewpoint</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toronto</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kingston&#039;s past is rich in historical detail, whether it be architectural, political or archaeological. The staff of the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation has drawn upon the archaeological collections from a variety of excavations, and Kingston&#039;s museum community to develop public access to the history and archaeology of the area. In addition to school workshops, the Foundation provides a well established summer archaeology program, and utilizes a variety of methods to bring archaeology to the public. These efforts have exposed both the process of archaeology, and an insight into the past, to the public.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William R. Belcher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Sanger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruce J. Bourque</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bradley Cemetery: A Moorehead Burial Tradition Site in Maine</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">003-028</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Bradley Cemetery was a large Late Archaic, Moorehead Burial tradition site in Bradley, Maine. The site has a long history of amateur digging and collecting as well as limited professional investigations. A radiocarbon sample on birch bark directly associated with an artifact excavated in 1969 has provided a new date of 4,580&amp;plusmn;120 years BP on this type of cemetery. The artifacts are similar to other cemeteries of this type; however, there is generally a lack of ground slate material.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Le cimetière Bradley est un important site de la fin de l&amp;#39;ArchaÔque situé à Bradley au Maine et appartenant à la tradition funéraire Moorehead. Ce site a une longue histoire marquée par le travail de collecte et de fouille de plusieurs amateurs et par des interventions limitées de professionnels. Une date au radiocarbone obtenue sur l&amp;#39;écorce de bouleau, associée directement à un artefact exhumé en 1969, a révélé une nouvelle date de 4580&amp;plusmn;120 BP pour ce type de cimetière. Les artifacts sont semblables à ceux d&amp;#39;autres cimetières de ce type. Toutefois, on note généralement une absence de spécimens en pierre polie.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marianne Berkey</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathryn Bernick</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basketry and Cordage from Hesquiat Harbour</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">062-065</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blair, Susan E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulk procurement and transportation in the Saint John River valley</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterborough</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While archaeologists studying stone tool assemblages have devoted considerable attention to relationships among technology, raw material procurement and mobility, most of this attention has focused on the influence of mobility upon technology, and not on the influence of technology upon mobility. This particular focus has led to some oversimplifications in the modeling of hunter-gatherer socio-ecology and mobility, and an emphasis on pedestrian movements. In turn, this emphasis has significantly influenced our treatment of efficiency, reduction for transport, and technological organization. In this paper I discuss my recent research into technology and lithic reduction on the Maritime Peninsula, and examine some of the implications of bulk transportation with watercraft for analyses of hunter-gatherer mobility, lithic technology, and patterning in the archaeological record.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blais, Judith</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bilodeau Site Near Missisquoi Bay: Postmolds, Fishbones and Corn Ear Motif</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In 1990, during a survey, a Saint Lawrence Iroquoian pot sherd was found on the Bilodeau site. This site is located on the Pike River, five kilometres upstream from Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain. During the summer of 1991, the excavation of 30 square metres in the area of this find, revealed the presence of a fishing camp. More than 80 postrnolds were found, delimiting a small oval habitation. The analysis of the ceramics demonstrates the presence of the Saint Lawrence Iroquoians in the area around AD 1450. We will give here an overview of the findings and discuss the relations with Saint Lawrence Iroquoian data from southern Quebec.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boland, Dale Elizabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michelle Schatz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine Cluney</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broken Bottles and Bison Bones</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This presentation takes a look at the activities of the University of Calgary&#039;s Programme for Public Archaeology at Fish Creek Provincial Park during the 1999 field season. We discuss public involvement in the excavation of a prehistoric bison kill site and an early historic settlement site within the Calgary area (Fish Creek Provincial Park). Included in the discussion are programme promotion and publicity, the geo-topography of the Fish Creek area, as well as historic and prehistoric background information on both of the excavated sites. Also discussed is the continuation of the program through volunteer work in the lab and undergraduate analysis of the excavated material. We have realized that Public Archaeology is an area deserving further academic study and application. There are numerous archaeological programs that cater to the public within the United States, through university programs and programs offered by museums, but have found Canada, especially Alberta, generally lacking in such programs. The expansion of this Programme for Public Archaeology will lead to an increase in the visibility of students, and the Department of Archaeology within The University of Calgary on a community, provincial, and (hopefully) regional scale. As well, this programme may create new avenues for funding and a greater understanding of Alberta&#039;s cultural heritage resources.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Boyd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building a Geoarchaeological Framework for the Assiniboine Delta: Initial Results</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winnipeg</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Rossendale Gully site lies in a small underfit valley on the southeastern Assiniboine Delta. Previous radiocarbon dates on buried organics from this site were important in establishing the deglacial chronology of southern Manitoba (Preston et al., 1955; Elson, 1967; Teller, 1989). A new coring program was initiated in order to: (1) reconstruct early Holocene vegetation dynamics following the final regression of glacial Lake Agassiz across the delta; (2) correlate the Rossendale sequence with other Campbell-level deposits; and (3) model the broad relationship between late Paleoindian land-use and the history of Lake Agassiz in this region. In July 2003, 14 cores were collected from the region using a hydraulic Geoprobe. The longest core obtained was 13.25 m. A preliminary stratigraphic sequence is identified, composed of &gt;12 m of offshore silt interbedded with at least eleven cycles of turbidite deposition, locally overlain by an early Holocene organic unit at the Rossendale Gully site. In general, this sequence documents the final regression of Agassiz from an earlier highstand phase (radiocarbon dates pending), followed by the first colonization of the delta surface by wetland vegetation  9.5 ka BP. This suggests that the southeastern delta was not available for human settlement until the late Paleoindian period.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Brink</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bison Carcass Utilization at Kill Sites from the Great Plains</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmonton</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative measures of marrow and bone grease for bison have been produced by Emerson (1990) and Brink. Combined, these indices provide a new tool for the examination of faunal utilization at bison kill/butchery sites from the North American Plains. It is assumed that bones with the greatest amount of marrow and grease were preferentially processed. Testing this assumption for marrow at a number of bison kill sites reveals a large number of sites that conform to the prediction but a substantial number that contradict the expected pattern. Comparing bone grease content with faunal representation indicates a similar pattern of conformance with expectations at some sites but not others. Further analysis reveals that sites where optimal utilization of marrow is not evident are the same sites where maximum grease extraction was conducted. It is concluded that: (1) indices based on food quantity have the potential to elucidate seemingly contradictory patterns of faunal use, and (2) that subsequent stages of faunal utilization, such as grease rendering, can obliterate patterns of primary use, such as marrow extraction.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burke, Ariane</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butchery of a sheep in rural Tunisia (North Africa): repercussions for the study of patterns of bone disposal</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The process of killing and butchering a sheep in a small, rural village in Tunisia, is described from the perspective of marks produced on bone. Special attention is paid to patterns of bone disposal. Aside from the method of killing and bleeding the animal, which is done according to the rules of Hallel butchering, logical rules involving principles of least effort govern the processing of the carcass. The tools available, the manpower and the culinary traditions of the area also govern many of the decisions taken by the butcher. These data provide a basis for comparison with archaeozoological collections from similar cultural contexts, including late Roman and Byzantine settings in Tunisia.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Burley</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Beer that Made Milwaukee Jealous - Klondike Fashion</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitehorse, Yukon</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoting itself as having the &#039;beer that made the Klondike famous and Milwaukee jealous&#039;, the O&#039;Brien Brewing and Malting Company opened the Klondike Brewery in 1904. Located in Lousetown across the Klondike River from Dawson City, O&#039;Brien&#039;s operation continued its production until prohibition of 1919. Archaeological survey and assessment of the brewery site in 1998 provides a range of data on brewery layout, its production line, equipment, and the cooperage. The present paper presents an overview and field report on this work.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Burley</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kidd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Day</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Buffalo Lake Metis Site: A Late Nineteenth Century Settlement in the Parkland of Central Alberta</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">240-243</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aubrey Cannon</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan Keech McIntosh</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-320</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARLSON, Roy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">British Columbia&#039;s First Salvage Archaeology</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitehorse, Yukon</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The idea that developers who are impacting archaeological remains should pay for the necessary archaeological research was first successfully implemented in British Columbia in 1951-52 by the late C.E. Borden. He successfully solicited funds from the Ministry of Education and the Alcan Aluminum Company for the archaeological exploration of the reservoir area soon to be flooded by construction of the Kinney dam on the Nechako River. Archaeological survey was undertaken in 1951 and excavation of key sites in 1952. Although the amount of funding seems very little by today&#039;s standards it was a significant amount for that time, and allowed Borden to arrive at a chronology for the region and draw certain cultural-historical conclusions. It also set in motion the development of the site designation system still used in most of Canada today, and the drafting of the Archaeological and Historic Sites Protection Act which eventually led to the present legislation and the evolution of the Archaeology Branch from earlier government bodies. In this paper I review the archaeological data from the excavations in the reservoir area.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolas Rolland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beringian Paradoxes, Bottlenecks and Cul-de-sacs</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ever since Jose de Acosta pondered the issue, 400 years ago, it has been evident to most serious students that the geographical point of contiguity between Northeast Asia and Northwest North America had to have been the « passage obligé » for the initial colonisation of the New World. But ever since this « gateway » has become known and studied under the label of Beringia, it has also been clear that its eastern reaches corresponded, in fact, paradoxically, and this for many millennia of the Upper and Final Pleistocene, to a large bio-geographical cul-de-sac, cut off by Laurentide and Cordilleran glacial ice from the more southern American continental regions. and actually corresponding to the easternmost extension of the vast Eurasian Mammoth Steppe Biome. Focusing on this and a variety other Beringian research paradoxes, and with special attention given to the pertinent questions of chronological and geographical scales, this paper will show that any productive investigation of prehistoric Beringian human bio-geography, at least with regards to its earliest moments, must view the latter as a very Far Eastern component of a complex series of interactive northern Eurasian adaptation processes whose roots can probably be traced back to the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition of Northern Asia and, by extension, to vast segments of Northern Eurasia.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bluefish Cave I: A Late Pleistocene Eastern Beringian Cave Deposit in the North Yukon</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">001-032</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper describes some of the preliminary results of a test excavation carried out at the Bluefish Caves site (northern Yukon Territory) during the summer of 1978. The data at hand allow us to suggest that the site was utilized by human groups at the end of the Pleistocene, between 13,000 and 10,000 B.P. The deposit is viewed as important mainly because of the primary (or nearly so) context of its constituants (lithic specimens, Pleistocene faunal elements, etc.) which is a rather unique situation for sites of that age in the boreal Cordillera.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Cet article décrit certains des résultats préliminaires d&amp;#39;un sondage effectué en 1978, au site des Grottes du Poisson-Bleu (Yukon septentrional). Les données recueillies nous permettent de suggérer que le site a été utilisé par des groupes préhistoriques à la toute fin du Pléistocène, entre 13,000 et 10,000 B.P. L&amp;#39;importance du site tient beaucoup au fait que le matériel qu&amp;#39;on y trouve (pièces lithiques, éléments de faune Pléistocène, etc.) est peu ou pas remanié. Situation unique pour les gisements de cet &amp;rsquo;ge dans la vaste région de la Cordillère boréale.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beringian Expectations: Noveau Regard on an Ancient Bone Technology</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmonton</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Following a synthetic overview of the Bluefish Caves evidence, this paper will focus on the particular set of data that pertains to the presence of human population in easternmost Beringia during the late Wisconsinan/Full Glacial. More specifically relating to matters of bone technology, it will be examined with emphasis on the rapport that can be shown to exist between it and that which has been postulated by various workers, a few years ago, for Old Crow Flats. Discussion will be directed at demonstrating that a full appreciation of the significance of this Beringian technology is best achieved by viewing it in the context of a highly variable and very ancient palaeolithic, inter-hemisphere, and time-transgressive technological continuum.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colson, Alicia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Boat, a View and Some Friends: A Critical Re-Evaluation of the Field Techniques Used to Survey and Record the Rock Art Sites of the Lake of the Wood</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The physical location of the pictographs has fundamentally influenced both how pictograph sites are found and interpreted. Unfortunately, fieldwork methods and analytical techniques used by archaeologists to survey archaeological sites reinforce how pictograph sites are considered. Archaeologists have developed a range of techniques to record these images, including tracing these images in red paint on wet rice paper and dot-for-dot reproduction of each image using clear plastic and coloured felt tip pens. However, even if precise recording techniques are employed both field and the analytical techniques continue to cause problems. Essentially these images are &quot;trapped within a formula&quot;. New methods of recording the pictograph sites must acknowledge that this art, regardless of where it is found, is a form of communication and that its study is concerned about meaning. Similar images exist in other places, such as those found in the birch bark scrolls. Clearly, it is important to remain aware of the vast trans-media commonality of the imagery. Additional bodies of information from disciplines other than archaeology must be used in conjunction with a re-organization of how field data about these sites are collected and interpreted. The archaeologist must be aware of the tools, questions, and problems of other disciplines as well as their own. Yet rock art sites cannot be examined using the same techniques as applied to other archaeological sites. The theoretical approaches used and the questions asked may be the same, but the practical methods used to recover, catalogue and analyse the data are radically different from those that archaeologists apply to &quot;traditional&quot; archaeological sites. The area surrounding these images can perhaps be excavated, but the physical context will not provide information about the cultural context of the images themselves. This paper will critique the field techniques used by previous researchers in the Lake of the Woods area and commonly held views about how to survey and record these images. The sites in the Lake of the Woods area appear representative of those found in the archaeological surveys conducted on the rock art of the Canadian Shield. The individual pictograph sites associated with this lake vary in number and range of mages. It has been traditionally believed that the pictographs are found at the base of the vertical granitic rock walls, either immediately beside the water or several metres from the water&#039;s surface. Yet, my own fieldwork has demonstrated that rock art sites do not always exist in conjunction with a body of water. My own fieldwork has demonstrated that these sites were located sometimes away from the water&#039;s edge and occasionally found in caves. Yet, stereotypes about the physical location have fundamentally influenced how they have been found and interpreted. I intend to develop a new and more synthetic direct-historical approach to the interpretation of the rock art that overcomes some of the problems inherent in previous work. This approach will involve the investigation of the beliefs and traditions of the Ojibwa people in the expectation that these findings can be applied to the rock art. It will explicitly examine the images as complex dimensional media created in the context of their physical surroundings.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sean P. Connaughton</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">﻿﻿David V. Burley</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Birth of Polynesia: An Archaeological Journey Through the Kingdom of Tonga</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corbell, Pierre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreal</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pour la plupart des préhistoriens d&#039;Amérique du Nord, la revue American Antiquity représente une source majeure d&#039;information, un modéle du périodique archéologique. Or, ce n&#039;est qu&#039;une source dans un océan de publications dont l&#039;infiation tend à nous échapper. Pour se tenir à jour dans ses lectures, chacun construit sa propre liste de titres à consulter selon son créneau et ses goûts; mais nos choix souffrent de l&#039;absence d&#039;une vue d&#039;ensemble du marché de la publication périodique en archéologie. Plus de 200 titres de périodiques consacrés entiérement ou en bonne partie à l&#039;archéologie préhistorique font l&#039;objet de l&#039;analyse bibliométrique présentée ici. Malgré l&#039;abondance et la diversité des formes et des contenus, il est possible d&#039;identifier un certain nombre de types de périodiques. On accéde à l&#039;information qu&#039;ils contiennent par une littérature secondaire tout aussi abondante et variée. Un indice quantitatif permet de proposer un palmarés de revues importantes et de sources secondaires majeures. La production canadienne dans le domaine reçoit une attention particuliére.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corbell, Pierre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreal</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most North American archaeologists consider American Antiquity as a primary source of information: it is a model for archaeological periodicals. But it is only one source in a sea of publications the inflation of which is considered by many to be out of control. To stay afloat, each of us builds his own list of relevant titles depending on his own research interests and taste. These choices are rarely made with an accurate overview of what is on the market of archaeological publishing. More than 200 periodicals devoted entirely or mostly to prehistoric archaeology are studied in the bibliometric analysis presented here. Despite abundance and variety of forms and contents, it is possible to identify different types of periodicals. Information is accessed through a secondary literature showing similar characteristies of abundance and variability. A quantitative index is used to build core lists of primary and secondary titles. Special attention is given to Canadian production.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gary W. Crawford</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pendergast</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Beckstead Site 1977</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jenneth E. Curtis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAIKIE, Gary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lena Onalik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black Island: A 4000 year old Aullâvik near Nain, Labrador</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterborough</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An aullâvik is a place occupied by Inuit on a regular, seasonal basis for purposes of resource gathering. Today Black Island is a vibrant contemporary aullâvik for Inuit from Nain who maintain their connection to the history and traditions of the island. The archaeological record further attests to the antiquity of this seasonal-use place with Historic Inuit, Dorset Palaeoeskimo, and Maritime Archaic sites. This paper will explore the continuity of seasonal, human occupation on the island through analyses of site locations, cultural features, and artifact collections.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jerome S. Cybulski</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alan D. McMillan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ripan S. Malhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian M. Kemp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harold Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Cousins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Big Bar Lake Burial: Middle Period Human Remains from the Canadian Plateau</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-78</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Collaboration between anthropologists and the Canoe Creek and High Bar First Nations resulted in the excavation and identification of a radiocarbon-dated 5,000-year-old human burial, one of only six Middle Period burials now known from three Canadian Plateau sites. The burial appears to have been an isolated mortuary occurrence but with a pattern of body disposition similar to China Lake (EiRm-7) and Pritchard (EeQw-21). Osteological analysis indicated an elderly female (sex confirmed by molecular testing) with age-related pathological changes. A comprehensive comparative review of known Canadian Plateau human remains, included in this study, revealed an individual of relatively short stature with strongly developed upper limbs. Stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) pointed to a predominantly terrestrial diet likely based on hunting, with a moderate intake of marine protein, presumably salmon. Testing for mitochondrial DNA indicated haplogroup A, which is widespread in living Native Americans. Comparative mtDNA data suggest long-standing genetic continuity in the Pacific Northwest, but with evidence for a genetically diverse population in existence at 5000 BP.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Une collaboration entre les anthropologues et les Premières nations de Canoe Creek et de High Bar a permis la fouille et l&amp;#39;identification de restes humains datant d&amp;#39;il y a 5000 ans (datation au carbone-14). Il s&amp;#39;agit de l&amp;#39;un des six humains inhumés au cours de la période moyenne découverts à ce jour dans trois sites du plateau canadien. L&amp;#39;inhumation semble avoir été un rite funéraire isolé mais la disposition du corps est similaire à celle des sites de China Lake (EiRm-7) et de Pritchard (EeQw-21). L&amp;#39;analyse ostéologique révèle qu&amp;#39;il s&amp;#39;agissait d&amp;#39;une femme âgée (les tests moléculaires confirment le sexe) subissant des changements pathologiques associés à l&amp;#39;âge. Une étude comparative exhaustive incluant tous les restes humains connus du plateau canadien est comprise dans le présent article et établit qu&amp;#39;il s&amp;#39;agissait d&amp;#39;un individu de taille relativement petite et possédant des membres supérieurs fortement développés. L&amp;#39;analyse par isotopes stables (carbone et nitrogène) révèle une alimentation principalement terrestre, vraisemblablement basée sur la chasse, avec une consommation modérée de protéines marines, probablement du saumon. L&amp;#39;analyse de l&amp;#39;ADN mitochondrial démontre la présence du haplogroup A qui est largement répandu chez les autochtones des Amériques d&amp;#39;aujourd&amp;#39;hui. Les données comparatives de l&amp;#39;ADNmt suggèrent une continuité génétique de longue date dans le Nord-Ouest pacifique, mais il y a aussi des indications de diversité génétique au sein de la population dans la région il y a 5000 ans avant aujourd&amp;#39;hui.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DAWE, Bob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEAUDOIN, Alwynne</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black Goo on a Rock: Linking Ethnohistory and Archaeology</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historical accounts have documented the practice of applying grease onto certain lithic materials prior to flintknapping. At the Hugo Dosch Site (EgOl-1), southwestern Saskatchewan, archaeological excavations yielded several lithic artifacts buried in a Late Prehistoric component on which a thin black coating was observed. Several analytical approaches were employed to determine the nature of this substance. The results of these analyses indicate this material is an organic residue, of animal origin, and is probably a lipid. We suggest that animal fat was applied to the surface of a Swan River Chert cobble prior to the lithic reduction process. The presence of animal residues on finished lithic artifacts and on pottery is not uncommon, but the occurrence of such residues on unfinished artifacts in the early stages of the reduction process has so far received little attention. Our results present an intriguing link between ethnographic accounts and the archaeological record and further our understanding of the manufacture of lithic tools.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Deal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aaron BUTT</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEOTHUK PALAEOETHNOBOTANY: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halifax</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At present very little is known about Beothuk plant use. The best potential source of new information is through palaeoethnobotanical research. Since 1990, MUN students have been examining plant remains recovered from Beothuk components at Deer Lake Beach (BhDi-6), Boyd&#039;s Cove (DiAp-3) and Ferryland (CgAf-2). In the summer of 1995, hearth features in Beothuk housepits at the Beaches site (DeAk-4-1), Trinity Bay, were systematically sampled for palaeoethnobotanical study. This paper focuses on the objectives and results of the Beaches Project, updates our current knowledge of Beothuk plant use and relates the known distribution of Beothuk archaeological sites to recognized ecological regions on the island of Newfoundland.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dena F. Dincauze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria Jacobson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Birds of Summer: Lakeside Routes into Late Pleistocene New England</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121-126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven G. H. Dorland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bringing in the Children: The Impact of Social Archaeology on Archaeological Studies of Childhood in Southern Ontario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209-231</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In this paper, I present a historical overview to evaluate methodological and theoretical contexts that have impacted the study of Indigenous childhood in archaeology in the Great Lakes region. Until recently, the study of childhood practice has been largely overlooked, and our understanding of childhood has been limited to bioarchaeological studies of ancestral remains to address questions of health, diet, and disease, with less focus on childhood practices. Rather than a paucity of empirical data, I suggest that it is a theoretical emphasis on cultural history and its legacy that has resulted in restrictive models. Recently, emerging scholars have contributed significantly to the development of methodological and theoretical frameworks and have begun asking broader questions about identity and knowledge production. In this paper, I highlight the impact social archaeology has had on the archaeological research of Indigenous childhood in the Great Lakes region. I follow by identifying trends and future directions of childhood studies that are currently being pursued in the Great Lakes region. Growing our understanding of childhood in the past not only fleshes out past actors in archaeological narratives but also enhances understanding of broader social and economic practices in the region and provides frameworks to contribute to the broader theoretical arguments taking place in the anthropology of childhood.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Je présente un aperçu historique pour évaluer les contextes méthodologiques et theoretical qui ont impacté les études de l’enfance Autochtone du passé dans la région de Grand Lacs. Jusque récemment, l’étude des pratiques de l’enfance a été largement négligée, avec notre compréhension de l’enfance a été réduite à les études bioarchéologique de vestiges ancestraux pour répondre aux questions de santé, alimentation, et maladie, avec moins d’attention aux pratiques culturelles de l’enfance. Plutôt qu’un manque de données empiriques, je suggère que c’est l’accent théorique mis sur l’histoire culturelle et son héritage qui a abouti à l’élaboration de modèles restrictifs. Récemment, des jeunes chercheurs ont contribué au développement des structures méthodologiques et theoretical, et ont commencé à poser des questions générales à propos de l’identité et la production de la connaissance. Dans cet article, je souligne l’impact de l’archéologie sociale sur la recherche archéologique sur l’enfance Autochtone dans les Grands Lacs. Je poursuis en identifiant les tendances et les orientations futures des études sur l’enfance qui sont actuellement menées dans la région de Grands Lacs. Développer notre compréhension de l’enfance dans le passé non seulement étoffe les acteurs passés dans les récits archéologiques, mais améliore la compréhension des pratiques sociales et économiques plus larges dans la région, et fournit des cadres pour contribuer à des arguments théoriques plus larges qui se déroulent dans l’anthropologie de l’enfance.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dena Doroszenko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burning Down the House: The Archaeological Manifestation of Fire on Historic Domestic Sites</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper will examine the manifestation of fire as found archaeologically at four historic domestic sites in Ontario. Each site has experienced a burning episode of varying significance in the property&#039;s history. Soil deposition, debris fields, heat alteration of artifacts, fire intensity and types of fire debris will be discussed and analyzed with the intent of developing a paradigm for identifying such deposits.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevor C. Dow</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Gabriel Hrynick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenneth R. Holyoke</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Backdirt and Bureaucracy Revisited: An Analysis of Research Trends in New Brunswick’s Archaeology Practice Using Historic Data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">178-208</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Since the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation - Clean Environment Act came into force in 1987 and the subsequent development of an archaeology industry pertaining to environmental impact assessment–related work, there has been a dramatic shift in the character of research conducted in archaeology in the province. A discipline that was once dominated by academic and problem-oriented research, archaeology in New Brunswick has become overshadowed by industry and the rise of cultural resource management (CRM) archaeology. The role of government archaeologists in the province has also shifted from coastal salvage and problem-oriented archaeology towards oversight of a growing CRM industry—an industry the New Brunswick government now both participates in and regulates. We use available archaeological permit data to track the volume of archaeological fieldwork conducted in the province over a 35-year period in an attempt to describe the current archaeological milieu in the region.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du Règlement sur les études d’impact sur l’environnement - Loi sur l’assainissement de l’environnement en 1987 et le développement ultérieur d’une industrie archéologique qui s’intéresse au processus d’évaluation de l’impact sur l’environnement, la nature des recherches archéologiques menées dans la province a connu un changement radical. L’archéologie au Nouveau-Brunswick, une discipline autrefois dominée par la recherche universitaire et axée sur les problèmes, a été éclipsée par l’industrie et l’essor de l’archéologie de la gestion des ressources culturelles (GRC). Le rôle des archéologues du gouvernement dans la province est également passé de l’archéologie du sauvetage côtier et de celle axée sur les problèmes à la surveillance d’une industrie de GRC en pleine croissance – une industrie à laquelle le gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick participe et qu’il réglemente. Nous utilisons les données disponibles sur les permis archéologiques pour suivre le volume des travaux archéologiques sur le terrain menés dans la province sur une période de 35&amp;nbsp;ans pour tenter de décrire le milieu archéologique actuel dans la région.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan C. Driver</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bringing Back the Past: Historical Perspectives on Canadian Archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-216</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engelbrecht, William</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit K. Munson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan M. Jamieson</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-342</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven C. Kasstan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9): A Late Precontact Bison Processing and Habitation Site</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanaimo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9) is a late precontact bison processing and habitation site located immediately south of the city of Saskatoon. The site is named for late the Bill Richards, a Saskatoon Archaeological Society member and avid avocational archaeologist. This site has been excavated extensively in the past. Both the Saskatoon Archaeological Society and the University of Saskatchewan collaborated on a field school in which substantial excavations were conducted. In the fall of 2004, Stantec Consulting Ltd. completed the final mitigatory excavations of the Bill Richards Site. A total of 105 square meters have been excavated at the site, with the final 30 in 2004. In addition to a great deal of highly fragmented, burned and calcined bone, the site exhibits predominantly Late Side-notched projectile points and Mortlach pottery. This presentation will discuss the final findings and conclusions of the Stantec Consulting Ltd. project and attempt to integrate those findings with information gained from previous excavations.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henri T. Epp</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond Disorder: Chaos in Culture Change</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredericton</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological and other biological concepts are employed commonly by archaeologists and anthropologists to explain cultural adaptation and change processes. Often, cultural evolution is compared to biological evolution, meaning speciation. Cultural systems dynamics, however, are related more realistically to ecosystem dynamics. Especially suitable is the application of non-linear dynamical systems theory to ecological and cultural systems changes. The result is a new emphasis on life history evolution rather than speciation only. Self-organized life systems maximize long-term survival by adjusting to non-linear external influences, such as climate, via punctuated or pulsating unrepeated system state changes. All macroscopic systems, cultural systems included, are non-reversible, time-dependent and, therefore, non-linear or dynamical, each with its own sequence of unrepeated states or trajectory, entropically drawn to states of increasing disorder. When plotted mathematically, dynamical systems trajectories behave as fractals, bifurcating and separating exponentially with unpredictable yet infinite repetition in finite space. This causes the trajectories to fold over and wind around loci called strange or chaotic attractors, the basis of chaos theory. Chaotic trajectories cut ordered paths through a morass of random influences. The result is simplicity within complexity, order within seeming disorder or chaos, a basic structure of self-organization common to systems which are subject to unpredictable, random influences. This recently proposed chaos paradigm in science is the result of a new search for non-regularities or unrepeated phenomena, rather than the traditional search for regularities only which relegates chaos to background &#039;noise.&#039; The new paradigm includes a new deterministic emphasis in science. This is in the form of a new causality in which the order within seeming disorder cuts a predetermined path through chaotic or non-regular influences, the structure of the macroscopic order determined by the confinement of the disorder within finite boundaries. The change process is fractal, the trajectories of change bifurcating exponentially until they reach the limits of their physical parameters. Should a trajectory break out of these parametric limits, the bifurcation process begins all over again. Each bifurcation point is, in effect, a decision point, determining the paths of the trajectories until they reach further bifurcation points. This is similar to the &#039;pulsating&#039; ecosystem change process newly proposed by Howard Odum, is related to Stephen J. Gould&#039;s &#039;punctuated equilibrium&#039; evolutionary theory and is based directly on chaos theory. It is a case of entropy sowing the seeds of its own demise - increasing randomization can result only in the chaotic order which springs from random behaviour, resulting in re-affirmation of the order to disorder to restructuring sequence. The suggested chaotic cultural order functions so that uncertainty alternates with certainty on a pulsating basis, with a new system state path partly determined by its former state, and partly by chance changes occurring during the chaotic or decision intervals. Thus, the deterministic nature of cultural systems changes is due to an ordered form of disorder which occurs on a pulsating basis, and which provides &#039;choice&#039; or trajectory alternatives. However, once a state emerges from a chaotic interval, its trajectory is predetermined by the system order until it collapses once more into a chaotic state.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Favarque, Rémi N.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandy E. Bowyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew de Vries</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boreal Forest Archaeological Potential Modeling: The Tommy Lakes Integrated Information Project</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottawa</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The present archaeological potential model used by Government agencies in northeastern British Columbia for management and planning purposes relies almost exclusively on digital information generated from digitized terrain maps. While the model is an efficient method of assessing relative archaeological potential over large areas, modeling attributes have not been critically examined for accuracy. The existing model also lacks some important variables, and as a result, a refined model has been produced. It is presently being tested on the Tommy Lakes area of NE BC, and incorporates real-life information gathered on the project area (i.e. geomorphology, wildlife habitats, traditional ecological knowledge). While the identification of archaeological potential is a key purpose of this new model, it also aims to reduce the visual and physical impacts of forestry developments on heritage sites and cultural landscapes in the area through informed planning and management.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neal Ferris</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Between Colonial and Indigenous Archaeologies: Legal and Extra-legal Ownership of the Archaeological Past in North America</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">154-190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;For over a century and a half, archaeologists have fought to protect the archaeological record from impacts caused by looting, antiquities trafficking, development, and other threats to the preservation of, in effect, the raw material of the archaeological enterprise. But as post-colonial sensibilities slowly permeate North American society, descendant communities have challenged the basis for both archaeologists to assert an exclusive stewardship of the archaeological record, and the state&amp;#39;s authority to endow this exclusivity to archaeologists. This paper reviews the historical context from which archaeologists have obtained in legislation a privileged trust from the state to manage and protect the archaeological record in North America, and the challenges First Nations have made to being excluded from their ancestor&amp;#39;s past. While the changing balance in the politics of archaeology in North America is undermining archaeologists&amp;#39; exclusivity, it also offers opportunities for archaeology to become more inclusive and relevant in society.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Depuis plus de cent cinquante ans, les archéologues se sont battus pour protéger le témoignage archéologique du pillage, du trafic d&amp;#39;antiquités et de toutes autres sortes de menaces à la préservation de ce qui est, de fait, le matériel de base de la recherche archéologique. Mais, alors que les sensibilités post-coloniales infiltrent peu à peu la société nord-américaine, les bases qui permettaient aux archéologues de revendiquer l&amp;#39;intendance exclusive des documents archéologiques ainsi que l&amp;#39;autorité de l&amp;#39;Etat qui octroyait aux archéologues cette exclusivité, sont sérieusement mises en question par les communautés descendantes. Cette communication passe en revue le contexte historique à partir duquel les archéologues ont obtenu par législation de l&amp;#39;Etat l&amp;#39;exclusivité dans la gestion et la protection le témoignage archéologique en Amérique du Nord, et la façon dont les Premières Nations ont été évincées de l&amp;#39;accès au passé de leurs ancêtres. Les changements de rapports de force dans la politique de l&amp;#39;archéologie en Amérique du Nord tendent à diminuer l&amp;#39;exclusivité des archéologues, mais ils permettent aussi à cette science de s&amp;#39;intégrer plus globalement et significativement dans la société.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finnigan, Jim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baseline Knowledge: Issues in Managing an Unknown Resource / Connaissances de base : la gestion d&#039;une ressource inconnue</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saskatoon</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The key component in any resource management plain is to know something about the resource being managed. As part of the current integration of archaeology into forestry activities, archaeologists are being asked to create heritage management plans on huge tracts of land with often little or no baseline information. The first response is usually to fall back on analogy and to take plans from elsewhere and apply them to the study area. Often this is referred to as modeling although many attempts fall far short of the minimal definition of what constitutes a model. This paper discusses the need to develop minimal baseline knowledge of a region as a prerequisite of developing a heritage management plans. It goes further to suggest that it is both unscientific and unethical to develop plans without some level of baseline knowledge. Finally it discusses the components required for developing baseline knowledge of a region and ways these can be integrated into a developing resource management plan.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniel Gendron</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boulder Field Archaeology in Nunavik: Methodological and Interpretative Issues / L&#039;archéologie des champs de blocs au Nunavik: Problë</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitehorse, Yukon</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Over the last 15 years, the Avataq Cultural Institute has identified and excavated a growing number of archaeological sites located in boulder fields, and most of these sites are Early Palaeoeskimo in origin. Traditional excavation methods and techniques had to be adapted to this particular setting. This paper will discuss briefly these methodological issues, as well as their impact on the interpretation of the archaeological remains.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doug Glaum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">British Columbia Provincial Heritage Database</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banff</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In British Columbia, recorded archaeological sites records are held in a provincial heritage inventory database. This database consists of approximately 28,000 site records and is increasing by about 1800 records a year. A recent provincial government initiative to update and maintain the database has allowed the review of site records and rebuilding of the supporting spatial and textual computer applications. The three goals of the record review are: to ensure that sites were correctly located at the 1:20,000 mapping scale; to plot larger sites as polygons instead of points; to add cultural resource management information to the map display. The resulting site and resource management data are presented in one application that combines relational database and geographic information functions. To date, the support system has been completed and 10% of the records have been reviewed. The project will take an additional five years to complete.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colin Grier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James M. Savelle</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bowhead Whaling and the Thule Eskimo Intrasite Structure: A Spatial Approach</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmonton</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent attempts to model hunter-gatherer intrasite organization have stressed the correla tion between physical distance and relative level of interaction, that is, &#039;social distance. &#039; Since labour cooperation increases interaction, differences in the level of cooperation for subsistence tasks are expected to be reflected in the spatial organization of residential sites. Four spatial dimensions (habitation density, degree of site structure, site integration, and nearest neighbour distances) were examined for 18 Classic Thule Eskimo sites in the central Canadian Arctic. The 18 sites were grouped into three zones according to bowhead whale abundance, and thus the probable importance of the bowhead whale in the Thule diet at the respective sites. Expectations for the four spatial variables were then generated on the premise that the greater importance of bowhead whales in the diet, the greater the level of cooperation, and thus the closer the &#039;social distance.&#039; Results indicate that there are interpretable differences in the spatial organization of sites from the three zones. These differences will be discussed in relation to the importance of bowhead whaling in Thule diet, labour cooperation, and &#039;social distance.&#039; It is concluded that these factors must be considered in models for Classic Thule intrasite spatial organization.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian Hayden</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bigger is Better?: Factors Determining Ontario Iroquois Site Sizes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1978</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-116</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Because so many other aspects of culture are closely related to community size, it is important to understand what determines community sizes. Yet this problem has been generally ignored in the literature, with archaeologists and ethnographers alike appearing to adhere to some form of &amp;#39;instinctual gregarious&amp;#39; model of human grouping behavior. This assumption is shown to be unreasonable on economic, administrative, and medical grounds. Instead, it is argued that the most adaptive community sizes under most circumstances are the smallest possible sizes. What then accounts for unusually large settlements such as found in Late Ontario Iroquoian times with over 1,000 persons? The two most likely explanations are: defense and monopolistic trade, with most empirical support and explanatory power accruing to the trade model.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Il y a tellement d&amp;#39;aspects culturels intimement reliés à la taille des communautés qu&amp;#39;il devient important de comprendre ce qui détermine les dimensions d&amp;#39;une communauté. Pourtant, ce problème a généralement été ignoré dans la littérature alors que les archéologues et les ethnographes semblent accepter comme modèle de comportement de regroupement une variante quelconque du modèle de &amp;#39;grégarisme instinctuel&amp;#39;. Une telle position s&amp;#39;avère cependant irraisonnée sur le plan économique, administratif et médical. On peut, au contraire, penser que les dimensions de la communauté les plus adaptées seront, dans la majorité des cas, les dimensions les plus petites possibles. Comment rendre compte alors des établissements particulièrement importants comme ceux qui sont trouvés à la période tardive du développement des Iroquoiens d&amp;#39;Ontario et qui contenaient plus de 1,000 individus? Les deux explications les plus vraisemblables sont la défense et le commerce monopolisateur, ce dernier recevant le plus d&amp;#39;appuis empiriques et ayant le plus de pouvoir d&amp;#39;expliquer les exemples rencontrés.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian Hayden</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelley Hays-Gilpin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David S. Whitley</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belief in the Past: Theoretical Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-303</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian Hayden</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cauvin</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">080-082</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Hodgetts</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kisha Supernant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natasha Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John R. Welch</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broadening #MeToo: Tracking Dynamics in Canadian Archaeology Through a Survey on Experiences Within the Discipline</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">020-047</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The #MeToo movement has turned global attention to structural power differentials grounded in gender, race, sexual orientation, and other aspects of identity, leading archaeologists to confront injustice in different sectors of our discipline, with a focus on sexual harassment and sexual assault. In 2019, the Canadian Archaeological Association’s Working Group on Equity and Diversity conducted a survey of Canadian archaeologists to identify the extent of both sexualized and non-sexualized forms of discrimination, exploitation, harassment, and violence in our field. Our survey yielded 564 responses from archaeologists representing a wide range of genders, ages, career stages, and sectors. The results indicate a large portion of Canadian archaeologists have had negative experiences in the course of their work and study. This first stage of analysis focuses on demographic trends among survey respondents and noteworthy differences in their experiences based on gender, career stage, and participation in the academic or cultural resource management sector.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Le mouvement #MeToo a attiré l’attention mondiale sur les écarts de pouvoir structurels fondés sur le sexe, la race, l’orientation sexuelle et d’autres aspects de l’identité, ce qui a amené les archéologues à faire face à l’injustice dans différents secteurs de notre discipline, en mettant l’accent sur le harcèlement sexuel et les agressions sexuelles. En 2019, le Groupe de travail sur l’équité et la diversité de l’Association archéologique canadienne a mené une enquête auprès d’archéologues canadiens afin d’identifier l’étendue des formes de discrimination, d’exploitation, de harcèlement et de violence sexualisés et non sexualisés dans notre domaine. Notre enquête a reçu 564 réponses d’archéologues représentant un large éventail de sexes, d’âges, de stade de carrière et de secteurs. Les résultats indiquent qu’une grande partie des archéologues canadiens ont eu des expériences négatives au cours de leurs travaux et de leurs études. Cette première étape de l’analyse met l’accent sur les tendances démographiques chez les répondants à l’enquête et les différences notables dans leurs expériences fondées sur le sexe, le stade de carrière et la participation au secteur académique ou de la gestion des ressources culturelles.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donald H. Holly Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher B. Wolff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John C. Erwin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Before and After the Fire: Archaeological Investigations at a Little Passage/Beothuk Encampment in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Archaeological investigations indicate that the Beothuk had a significant presence in the Trinity Bay region of southeastern Newfoundland in the centuries prior to the arrival of European fishermen in the 16th century. The Beothuk presence in this area continued for over a century following contact, but in time diminished as European activity and settlement increased. Eventually the Beothuk were forced to abandon the region all together. This paper examines this process as it played out in Stock Cove, the location of a significant late “prehistoric” and probable historic Beothuk campsite. Excavations in Stock Cove attest to the importance of this area to the Beothuk and their ancestors, and with its abandonment, a sense of what was lost.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Les recherches archéologiques effectuées dans la région de Trinity Bay à Terre-Neuve ont démontré que les Béothuks occupaient ce territoire avant l’arrivée des pêcheurs européens au 16e siècle. Malgré un déclin marqué de la présence des Béothuks au fil du temps, leur occupation de cette région s’est poursuivie pendant plus d’un siècle après les premiers contacts. Éventuellement les Béothuk furent forcés d’abandonner cette région. Cet article discute cette transition à Stock Cove, un site archéologique comportant une occupation préhistorique, ainsi qu’un possible campement Béothuk durant la période historique. Les fouilles effectuées sur le site de Stock Cove permettent d’attester de l’importance de cette région pour les Béothuk, ainsi que leurs ancêtres, et de ce qui fut perdu suite à l’abandon du territoire.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mima Kapches</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald F. Williamson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan Pfeiffer</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bones of the Ancestors: The Archaeology and Osteobiography of the Moatfield Ossuary</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-182</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raymond J. LeBlanc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John W. Ives</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bezya Site: A Wedge-Shaped Core Assemblage from Northeastern Alberta</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">059-098</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Bezya site (HhOv-73) is a wedge-shaped core, microblade and burin producing site located approximately 70 km north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta. The site was discovered in 1980 during an archaeological inventory of the former Alsands tar sands lease, an area characterized by a patchwork of muskeg, interspersed with various combinations of aspen, spruce and pine. An assemblage which includes microcores, microblades, a notched transverse burin, burin spalls, fluted and platform element preparation and rejuvenation ridge flakes, core tablets and edge modified and unmodified debitage was concentrated in a 16 square metre area at 10 to 60 cm below surface. Cross fitting suggests a high degree of assemblage coherence, despite the vertical and horizontal dispersion. A composite sample of charcoal from the main microblade producing zone yielded a date of 3900 B.P. Within Alberta, the assemblage exhibits technological and morphological similarities with surface finds of microcores from the Calgary area in southern Alberta. However, the collection has the most intriguing parallels in terms of methods of core production and core morphology with Campus = Denali microblade assemblages extending on a northwest axis through the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Le site Bezya (HhOv-73), situé à 70 km ou nord de Fort McMurray dans le Nord-Est Albertian, a livré des microlames, des burins et des nucléi naviformes. Découvert en 1980 lors d&amp;#39;une reconnaissance archéologique des réserves de sable bitumineux Alsands, le site se trouve dans une région caractérisée par des étendues de muskeg séparées par des îlots de faible altitude dont le couvert forestier inclue le tremble, l&amp;#39;épinette et le pin. Les artéfacts furent trouvés à une profondeur allant de 10 à 60 cm sous la surface, dans une aire de 16 m2. Ils consistent en nucléi à microlames, microlames, burin transversal sur encoche, chutes de burins, lames à crête, tablettes d&amp;#39;avivage, éclats utilisés et éléments de débitage. Un échantillon de charbon de bois provenant de la zone à microlames a fourni une date de 3,900 ans A.A. Cet assemblage ressemble technologiquement et morphologiquement à certaines trouvailles de surface de la région de Calgary, dans le sud de l&amp;#39;Alberta. En plus, il présente, pour ce qui est de la préparation et de la morphologie des nucléi, des similitudes remarquables avec des séries de type Campus-Denali, que l&amp;#39;on retrouve dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, au Yukon et en Alaska.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brad Loewen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincent Delmas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Basques in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and  Adjacent Shores</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Basque seasonal activity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is known from 1517 to 1767. Basque sites show distinctive patterns of spatial distribution, structures, material culture, and type of activity. They follow a four-period chronology, where periods of relative equilibrium are separated by geopolitical watershed events. The distribution and nature of Basque sites vary according to these periods. For each period, we analyse a major site: Red Bay (1530&amp;ndash;1580), Anse à la Cave (1580&amp;ndash;1630), Petit-Mécatina (1630&amp;ndash;1713), and Pabos (1713&amp;ndash;1760). The material culture found on these sites reflects the evolution of supply networks in the Basque Country: a single Gipuzkoan network gives way to two parallel networks based in the provinces of Lapurdi and Bizkaia. The longevity and resilience of the Basque presence are explained by a solid grounding in the Euro-Atlantic staple trades, and by the Basques&amp;rsquo; customary role in strengthening Franco-Spanish relations.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Une présence saisonnière basque dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent est documentée de 1517 à 1767. Les sites basques montrent des schèmes distinctifs de distribution spatiale, d’architecture, de culture matérielle, et de types d’activité. Ils suivent une périodisation en quatre temps, où des périodes d’équilibre relatif sont séparées par des crises géopolitiques. La distribution et la nature des sites varient selon les périodes. Pour chaque période, nous analysons un site majeur: Red Bay (1530–1580), Anse-à-la-Cave (1580–1630), Petit-Mécatina (1630–1713), et Pabos (1713–1760). La culture matérielle de ces sites indique une évolution des réseaux d’approvisionnement au Pays Basque: d’un seul réseau guipuzcoan, on évolue vers deux réseaux parallèles basés dans les provinces du Labourd et de la Biscaye. La longévité et la persistance de la présence basque s’expliquent par de solides assises dans le commerce euro-atlantique des denrées, et par le rôle coutumier des Basques pour renforcer les relations franco-espagnoles.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chelsea Meloche</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lynda V. Mapes</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breaking Ground: The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and the Unearthing of Tse-whit-zen Village</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-131</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Meyer</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doll</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Boss Hill Site (FdPe-4) Locality 2: Pre-Archaic Manifestations in the Parkland of Central Alberta, Canada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1983</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247-249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard E. Morlan</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonnichsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sorg</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bone Modification</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247-249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murielle Nagy</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bone and Antler Tools from a Late Prehistoric Mackenzie Inuit Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 1</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the results of a technological analysis of bone and antler remains from the Trail River site, in the northern Yukon. The site was notable for the heavy concentration of by-products associated with the manufacture of antler artifacts. There was also some evidence for the production of bone tools. The analysis was undertaken to determine the function of the feature where the bone and antler assemblage was found. Recognition of two types of gear was substantiated by the analysis of manufacturing techniques performed on the associated by-products. Personal gear (e.g. arrowheads, knife handles), made from antler, was manufactured with considerable effort and skill. These tools would have been prepared in anticipation of future caribou hunting. Situational gear (e.g. awls, scrapers), made from bone obtained on site, was manufactured expediently and intended for immediate use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Surface-Evans</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. E. Garrison</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kisha Supernant</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blurring Timescapes, Subverting Erasure. Remembering Ghosts on the Margins of History</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138-140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Hamilton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garry Running</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Boyd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building the Contextual Milieu: An Approach to Data Collection and Interpretation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In this paper an integrated approach to archaeological data collection and interpretation is offered, based upon the fundamental idea that all archaeological materials were deposited in a complex, interactive, contextual milieu, comprised of the physical, biological and cultural aspects of a past environment. Further, it is apparent that these useful but arbitrary divisions of the contextual milieu were intimately interconnected and, while they can be readily separated for analytical purposes, this interconnection must be recognized to fully understand the context in which past societies operated. A brief discussion of the major aspects of the physical, biological and cultural environment and their significance for human populations is offered, followed by a discussion of evidence upon which our analyses relied. This paper provides a contextual interpretive framework using examples from the SCAPE Project to illustrate the utility of an applied theoretical approach to the collection and subsequent interpretation of archaeological data.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Dans cet article, une approche intégrée de la collecte et de l&amp;#39;interprétation de données archéologiques est offerte, basée sur l&amp;#39;idée fondamentale que tous les matériaux archéologiques ont été déposés dans un milieu complexe, interactif et contextuel, constitué par les aspects physiques, biologiques et culturels de l&amp;#39;environnement ancien. De plus, il est évident que ces divisions, utiles mais arbitraires, du milieu contextuel sont intimement reliées, et bien qu&amp;#39;elles puissent être aisément séparées pour des fins analytiques, cette interconnexion doit être reconnue pour comprendre entièrement le contexte dans lequel les sociétés anciennes ont fonctionné. Une brève discussion des principaux aspects de l&amp;#39;environnement physique, biologique et culturel, ainsi que de leur importance pour des populations humaines est offerte, suivie d&amp;#39;une discussion des données sur lesquelles nos analyses sont basées. Cet article offre un cadre interprétatif contextuel utilisant des exemples du projet SCAPE, illustrant l&amp;#39;utilité d&amp;#39;une approche théorique appliquée pour la collection et l&amp;#39;interprétation de données archéologiques.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeff Oliver</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyond the Water&#039;s Edge: Towards a Social Archaeology of Landscape on the Northwest Coast</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Recent research into the environmental history of the Northwest Coast has revealed the significant cultural impact that pre-contact and contact period Indigenous communities had on the surrounding landscape. Ethnobotanical, paleoenvironmental, ethnographic, and archaeological approaches have documented the degrees to which people managed ecosystems or otherwise altered the physical landscape in places once considered &amp;quot;wilderness&amp;quot; by newcomers. Less attention has been paid to the ways in which landscapes were socially constructed and how living and working in such places gave meaning to social life at a variety of scales. Drawing from ethnographic, environmental and archaeological evidence, and taking into account how changes in the land would have become entangled within the routines of working the landscape, this article examines and interprets some of the social distinctions that people might have constructed through these places in the past. Two case studies from the central Coast Salish region are examined: first, the social practices and landscape features associated with cedar bark-stripping; and second, gardening traditions in sub-alpine areas of the Coast and Cascade Mountains. The results of this study suggest that we cannot separate economic (or cultural) patterns from the social qualities that are implicated within the practice of landscape modification, and that working and living through such places was socially consequential and bound up with concepts of history, memory, and identity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Des recherches menées récemment sur l&amp;#39;histoire environnementale de la côte du Nord-Ouest ont révélé l&amp;#39;importance de l&amp;#39;impact culturel des populations autochtones sur leur milieu durant les périodes pré-contact et contact. Une approche pluridisciplinaire conjuguant archéologie, ethnobotanique, ethnographie et études paléo-environnementales a permis d&amp;#39;étayer les différents degrés de gestion des écosystèmes par ces populations et de retracer l&amp;#39;altération de ces paysages pourtant considérés comme vierges par les nouveaux arrivants. Les chercheurs ont porté moins d&amp;#39;attention moindre à la manière dans laquelle les paysages furent &amp;laquo;_socialement construits_&amp;raquo;, c&amp;#39;est-à-dire comment, à différentes échelles, le travail quotidien dans ces endroits donna de l&amp;#39;importance à la vie sociale. S&amp;#39;appuyant sur des données ethnographiques, archéologiques et environnementales, tout en considérant la manière dont les aménagements du territoire auraient été perçus par les populations agissant sur le paysage, cet article examine et interprète quelques unes des significations sociales que les populations de ces régions auraient construites dans le passé. Deux études de cas situées dans la région de la côte centrale de Salish sont présentées. La première porte sur les pratiques sociales et les caractéristiques du paysage associées à l&amp;#39;écorçage de cèdres, la seconde porte sur les traditions de culture des plantes dans les zones sub-alpines de la côte et dans les montagnes Cascade. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu&amp;#39;il n&amp;#39;est pas possible de séparer les modèles économiques (ou culturels) des valeurs sociales impliquées dans les pratiques qui mènent aux modifications du paysage et que travailler, et que le fait de vivre et travailler dans ces endroits a eu des conséquences sociales liées de près aux concepts d&amp;#39;histoire, de mémoire et d&amp;#39;identité.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krystal Osborn</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joe Flatman</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Becoming an Archaeologist: A Guide to Professional Pathways</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363-365</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert W. Park</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Brooke Milne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Douglas R. Stenton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burin and Spall Use at an Inland Arctic Small Tool Tradition Site, Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-78</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Burins and burin spalls are among the most distinctive Arctic Small Tool tradition flaked stone items but questions remain about how and for what purposes they were used. A study of the burin spalls from a multi-component site located in the interior of Baffin Island, LdFa-1, reveals differences in use-wear from coastal sites that may reflect different activities, and demonstrates that burins and burin spall tools were likely expediently manufactured and discarded.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Les burins et les coups de burin sont parmi les éléments de pierre taillée les plus distinctifs de la Tradition microlithique de l’Arctique, mais les questions restent de comment et pour quels buts ils ont été utilisés. Une étude des coups de burin d’un site Dorsétien et Prédorsétien situé à l’intérieur de l’île de Baffin, LdFa-1, révèle des différences dans les traces d’utilisation des sites côtiers qui peuvent refléter différentes activités et démontre que les burins et les utils coup de burin étaient probablement expédiemment fabriqués et débarrassés.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerald Penney</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heather Nicol</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burnt Knaps: a Micmac Site in Newfoundland</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">057-069</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Initial Micmac migration between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland is known to have occurred as early as the 17th century and continued, although often sporadically, over the following centuries. Resource depletion on the mainland, the conquest of Acadia by the English, and the demise of the Beothuck early in the 19th century are thought to be factors which encouraged migration. Burnt Knaps, an interior caribou hunting site, was occupied by Conne River Micmacs during the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the first Micmac site excavated in Newfoundland, and provides information concerning traditional dwellings, diet, and lifestyles.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Une migration Micmac, entre l&#039;île du Cap-Breton et Terre-Neuve a débuté dès le 17e siècle et s&#039;est poursuivie au cours des siècles suivants. L&#039;épuisement des ressources sur le continent, la victoire de l&#039;Angleterre sur l&#039;Acadie, et la disparition des Beothucks au début du 19e siècle sont considérés comme des éléments ayant favorisés leur migration. Burnt Knaps, emplacement intérieur utilisé pour la chasse au caribou, a été occupé par les Micmacs de Conne River à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle. Ce premier emplacement Micmac à être fouillé à Terre-Neuve, a fourni des renseignements sur leurs habitations, leur nourriture, et leurs styles de vie traditionels.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bridges Across Time: The NOGAP Archaeology Project An Introduction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randy Boswell</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Below the Falls; An Ancient Cultural Landscape in the Centre of (Canada’s National Capital Region) Gatineau</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257-293</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Recently discovered information clearly identifies Hull Landing in Gatineau as the location of a burial place first documented in 1843 and, since the late nineteenth century, believed to have been located across the river in Ottawa. It appears to have been chosen for the burial of generations of people beginning sometime between 4,500 and 4,900 years ago. That same location was the beginning of a major portage. Nearby was a place of great spiritual significance and power: the Chaudière Falls. The delta of the Gatineau River downstream from Hull Landing was a summer gathering place with a wealth of food and lithic resources. People travelled down the Gatineau, Rideau and Ottawa rivers to meet, trade and exchange information beginning some 4,600 years ago. When combined with additional archaeological evidence, accumulated over the past 170 years, it is now apparent that the north shore of the Ottawa River between the Chaudière Falls and the mouth of the Gatineau River constituted a cultural landscape that had been used for somewhere on the order of four to five millennia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Des découvertes récentes en archives indiquent qu’un cimetière, identifié en 1843, se situait jadis à Hull Landing à Gatineau et non pas à Ottawa comme le voulait la tradition depuis la fin du 19e siècle. L’endroit aurait reçu les restes de générations d’habitants commençant entre 4,500 et 4,900 ans passés. Le début d’un portage important se situait au même endroit. À proximité se trouvait la Chute Chaudière, lieu spirituel incontournable. Enfin, l’embouchure de la rivière Gatineau a longtemps accueilli des voyageurs descendants les rivières des Outaouais, Gatineau, et Rideau. Depuis environ 4,600 ans, on se rencontrait pendant la saison estivale à cet endroit pour échanger des biens et des idées, et profiter du riche éventail des ressources de l’endroit. En combinant les données archéologiques éparses qui se sont accumulées depuis 170 ans, il devient évident que la rive nord de la rivière des Outaouais située entre la Chute Chaudière et l’embouchure de la rivière Gatineau constituait un paysage culturel et ce pendant quatre ou cinq millénaires.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter G. Ramsden</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lennox</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bruner-Colasanti Site: An Early Late Woodland Component, Essex County, Ontario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185-187</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Meachem Rick</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bird medullary bone: A seasonal dating technique for faunal analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulletin</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioarehaeology Symposium presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, March 6–9, 1975 at Thunder Bay, Ontario</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heather Robertson</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joanna R. Sofaer</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Body as Material Culture: A Theoretical Osteoarchaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert J. Stark</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dale Serjeantson</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">286-288</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert J. Stark</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roderick Sprague</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burial Terminology: A Guide for Researchers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances L. Stewart</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Douglas C. Sadler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howard G. Savage</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birds from the Ground: The Record of Archaeology in Ontario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">145-147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STEWART, Kathlyn M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances L. Stewart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gary Coupland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boardwalk, Northern Northwest Coast, Canada—A New Face to an Old Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-233</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Recent excavations at the Boardwalk site in Prince Rupert Harbour provide new insights into subsistence, and into events in the Harbour, between 2200 and 950  B.P. Fish, especially salmon, were far more important than previously thought, while mammals and birds comprise less than 10 percent of the fauna. At 2200  B.P. Boardwalk was occupied primarily during fall and winter, with a subsistence based mainly on salmon, supplemented by land mammals and birds, but few sea mammals. About 2000 B.P., deposition ceased in parts of Boardwalk, followed by abandonment at other Harbour villages. These events coincided with evidence of climatic instability, increased human conflict, and growing status differentiation. By 1200  B.P., fauna increased sixfold at Boardwalk, and seasonal indicators provide a strong case for year-round occupation. Inhabitants took much greater advantage of marine resources, particularly sea mammals, and salmon was still a staple. Over time, despite instability and change in the Harbour, Boardwalk clearly held a unique position vis-à-vis other sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;La fouille récente du site de Boardwalk, dans la baie de Prince Rupert, nous a donné de nouveaux aperçus sur la subsistance et les évènements qui se sont déroulés dans la baie, entre 2200 et 950 avant le présent. Le poisson, en particulier le saumon, avait un rôle bien plus important qu&amp;rsquo;on ne le croyait auparavant, tandis que les mammifères et les oiseaux comptaient pour moins de 10% de la faune. 2200 ans avant le présent, le site de Boardwalk était occupé principalement en automne et en hiver, la subsistance se basant essentiellement sur le saumon, et se complétant de quelques mammifères et oiseaux, mais de très peu de mammifères marins. Aux alentours de 2000 ans avant le présent, les dépôts se sont interrompus dans certaines parties du site, puis d&amp;rsquo;autres villages de la baie ont été abandonnés. Ces évènements coïncident avec une instabilité climatique documentée, une augmentation des conflits humains et une différenciation croissante des statuts. Environ 1200 ans avant le présent, la faune s&amp;rsquo;est multipliée par six à Boardwalk, et les indicateurs saisonniers démontrent très nettement que le site était occupé toute l&amp;rsquo;année. Les habitants tiraient davantage parti des ressources maritimes, en particulier des mammifères marins, le saumon restant toujours un aliment de base. Au fil du temps, malgré l&amp;rsquo;instabilité et les changements qui se sont produits dans la baie, le site de Boardwalk détenait clairement une position unique comparativement aux autres sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances Stewart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathlyn Stewart</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Boardwalk and Grassy Bay Sites: Patterns of Seasonality and Subsistence on the Northern Northwest Coast, B.C.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">039-060</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The northern Northwest coast has long been the focus of archaeological investigation, but while the material culture has been well documented, only recently has the time depth of exploitation and seasonality of coastal subsistence resources been investigated. Analysis was conducted of over 20,000 faunal specimens from the Boardwalk site, and over 2,000 specimens from the Grassy Bay site, both located on or near Prince Rupert Harbour, B.C. Analysis indicated that prehistoric subsistence patterns differ from those recorded for the Coast Tsimshian in historic times. Boardwalk was occupied back at least to 4200 BP, and was a large village with year-round occupation. Its inhabitants hunted a large variety of birds, and land and sea mammals. Grassy Bay was occupied from about 1615 to 620 BP, and was a predominantly seasonal summer camp, with inhabitants taking mainly the rhinoceros auklet, and in later levels, sea mammals. At about 1900 to 1600 BP, the appearance of the Grassy Bay site and at least two other Prince Rupert Harbour sites indicate an apparent population increase. These sites had a more seasonal subsistence focus than seen at Boardwalk. This trend towards more seasonal settlements apparently intensified, resulting in the large seasonal population movements recorded in historic times.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;De nombreuses recherches, s&amp;#39;échelonnant sur une longue période, ont permis l&amp;#39;accumulation de connaissances sur la culture matérielle de la région septentrionale de la côte du Nord-Ouest. Par contre, l&amp;#39;étude de l&amp;#39;ancienneté de l&amp;#39;exploitation des ressources côtières ainsi que la détermination des saisons d&amp;#39;exploitation de ces ressources, n&amp;#39;est que récente. Nous avons analysé au-delà de 20,000 spécimens fauniques provenant du site Boardwalk et plus de 2000 spécimens provenant du site Grassy Bay, tous deux situés près de Prince Rupert Harbour en Colombie-britanique. Nos études suggèrent que les schèmes de subsistance préhistorique diffèrent de ceux observés pendant la période historique chez les Tsimshians de la côte. Le site Boardwalk était un grand village habité à l&amp;#39;année longue et dont l&amp;#39;occupation monte à au moins 4200 BP. Les habitants chassaient une grande variété d&amp;#39;oiseaux et de mammifères terrestres et marins. Par ailleurs, le site Grassy Bay était un campement saisonnier habité surtout l&amp;#39;été et dont l&amp;#39;occupation date de 1615 à 620 BP. Les habitants y chassaient surtout le macareux rhinocéros et, d&amp;#39;après les couches plus récentes, les mammifères marins. L&amp;#39;apparition, entre 1900 et 1600 BP, du site Grassy Bay et d&amp;#39;au moins deux autres sites sur Prince Rupert Harbour indiquerait une croissance de la population. Contrairement au site Boardwalk, ces sites témoigneraient d&amp;#39;une exploitation plutôt saisonnière des ressources côtières. Cette tendance vers l&amp;#39;exploitation saisonnière alla en s&amp;#39;accentuant pour arriver aux grand mouvements saisonniers décrits pendant la période historique.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leslie Still</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Basket Case: Deciphering Subsistence Patterns in the Southwest Anderson Plain Region, N.W.T., in the Late Prehistoric Period</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 1</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113-129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The analysis of 12 faunal samples collected in the southwest Anderson Plain demonstrates a clear dependence on caribou as a primary dietary mainstay in late prehistoric times. The secondary focus shifted seasonally between snowshoe hare, fish and waterfowl. This analysis has also identified a number of bone disposal techniques which included burning in the domestic fire, gathering and burial, and possibly disposing of the bones of certain species in a nearby lake or stream.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kisha Supernant</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruce Granville Miller</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Be of Good Mind: Essays on the Coast Salish</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-284</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karine Taché</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breaking Lipids to Enrich the Past: Looking Up to the Next 50 Years of Organic Residue Analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124-136</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter H. von Bitter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betty Eley</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balsam Lake Chert from the Upper Member of the Middle Ordovician Bobcaygeon Formation of Southern Ontario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-148</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Balsam Lake chert, a diagnostic lithic material characterized by its dark bluish-gray colour and peloidal texture, is of interest because of its use by native peoples of southern Ontario for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Archaeologists have found this material at various sites but its geological source has until now remained unknown. We have located two in situ sources of the chert in the upper member of the Bobcaygeon Formation on Balsam Lake. This chert is apparently, discontinuously bedded and restricted to one horizon, an important factor in tracing it elsewhere in the area and in locating Indian quarry and workshop sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Notre étude du chert du Lac Balsam, matière diagnostique litée carctérisée par sa couleur gris bleuté et sa texture peloidale, est important à cause des Autochtones du sud de l&#039;Ontario qui s&#039;en servaient pour fabriquer des outils et des armes. Les archéologues ont découvert cette matière dans divers sites, mais, jusqu&#039;à présent, ils ne connaissaient pas sa source géologique. Nous avons maintenant découvert deux sources in situ de chert dans le membre supérieur de la Formation Bobcaygeon sur le Lac Balsam. Il paraît que ce chert forme des couches intermittentes et se limite à un horizon -- une découverte importante qui facilitera les recherches futures dans la région et la découverte de carrières amérindiennes et de sites de travail.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael C. Wilson</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevor Richard Peck</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bison Ethology and Native Settlement Patterns During the Old Women’s Phase on the Northwestern Plains</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">350-355</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William Workman</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fladmark</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">British Columbia Prehistory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">248-250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>