<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murielle Nagy</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacques Cinq-Mars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bone and Antler Tools from a Late Prehistoric Mackenzie Inuit Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 1</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the results of a technological analysis of bone and antler remains from the Trail River site, in the northern Yukon. The site was notable for the heavy concentration of by-products associated with the manufacture of antler artifacts. There was also some evidence for the production of bone tools. The analysis was undertaken to determine the function of the feature where the bone and antler assemblage was found. Recognition of two types of gear was substantiated by the analysis of manufacturing techniques performed on the associated by-products. Personal gear (e.g. arrowheads, knife handles), made from antler, was manufactured with considerable effort and skill. These tools would have been prepared in anticipation of future caribou hunting. Situational gear (e.g. awls, scrapers), made from bone obtained on site, was manufactured expediently and intended for immediate use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murielle Nagy</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Plumet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Gangloff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avec La Collaboration De Marie-France Archambault</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yves Labrèche</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Contribution à l&#039;archéologie de l&#039;Ungava oriental. Côte est, Killiniq, îles Button, Labrador septentrional</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-193</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murielle Nagy</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marois</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauthier</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Les Abitibis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">244-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murielle Nagy</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interpretation in Arctic Archaeology: Lessons from Inuvialuit Oral History</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-38</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">From 1989 to 1993 an oral history project was undertaken by the Inuvialuit Social Development Program. The main objective of the Herschel Island and Yukon North Slope Inuvialuit Oral History Project was to document Inuvialuit land use and knowledge of the Yukon North Slope. Inuvialuit oral history also provided important insights into archaeological issues. This paper questions archaeological assumptions regarding sod houses in the light of ethnographic information. In effect, the Inuvialuit elders explained that sod houses could be occupied year-round rather than solely in wintertime as often assumed by Arctic archaeologists. It is suggested that the use of sod houses in the summer depends on specific strategies of land use.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald J. Nash</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jennings</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancient North Americans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">079-083</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald J. Nash</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bryan C. Gordon</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Of Men and Herds in Barrenland Prehistory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulletin</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">237-239</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald J. Nash</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deconstructing Archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">019-028</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;As the biosphere continues to be degraded, archaeologists will be hard pressed to maintain a scientific archaeology in the face of excessive industrial and population growth. By deconstructing archaeology and its goals as one would peel an onion, a new stratigraphy of hidden agendas emerges. The post-processualists have identified political and ideological motives for doing archaeology, to which can be added, economic motives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, further deconstruction reveals ecological and spiritual concerns which are deeper than mere subsistence-ecological reconstructions and which will surface as part of the struggle for a habitable planet. Structural analysis places the archaeologist as a mediator in the nature-culture duality, while at a still more archaic level, archaeologists will likely join philosophers and theologians in developing/rediscovering new codes of ethics and spirituality which are not anthropocentric. Increased environmental activism is a predictable adjunct.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A mesure que la biosphere se détériore, les archéologues auront de plus en plus de difficultés à pratiquer une archéologic scientifique face aux extensifs développements industriels et à une forte croissance démographique. En déconstruisant l&amp;rsquo;archéologie et ses objectifs, de la même manière que l&amp;rsquo;on pèle un onion, une nouvelle stratigraphie de programmes caches émergera. Les archéologues post-processuels ont identifié des motifs politiques et idéologiques pour pratiquer l&amp;rsquo;archéologie, auxquels nous pouvons ajouter des motifs économiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cependant, une déconstruction plus avancée révèle des péoccupations écologiques et spirituelles beaucoup plus profondes que les simples reconstructions basées sur la relation écologie-subsistance, et que ces preoccupations seront considérées lors de la lutte pour conserver l&amp;rsquo;habitabilité de notre planète. L&amp;rsquo;analyse structurale positionne l&amp;rsquo;archéologue en tant que médiateur dans la dualité nature-culture, alors que sur un plan plus archaique, les archéologues se joindront probablement aux philosophes et aux théologiens pour developper et redécouvrir de nouveaux codes d&amp;rsquo;éthique et de spiritualité qui ne seront pas anthropocentriques. L&amp;rsquo;augmentation de l&amp;rsquo;activisme en faveur de l&amp;rsquo;environnement est un complement prévisible.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald J. Nash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert G. Whitlam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Future-oriented Archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">095-108</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A case is presented for the development of a more future-oriented archaeology, where the past is no longer of exclusive interest. This entails discussion of the diachronic nature of archaeology, recent theoretical trends, the potential for a futures perspective and consideration of the requisite changes in data and systematics. The second portion of the paper focuses on emerging general biocultural theory, the prospective involvement of archaeology in this enterprise and notes the Orwellian political implications of applying such theory.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Les auteurs plaident ici la cause d&#039;une archéologie orientée vers l&#039;avenir, où le passé n&#039;occupe plus toute la place. Il s&#039;ensuit un examen de l&#039;aspect diachronique de l&#039;archéologie, des voies récentes de sa théorie, des possibilités qu&#039;offre une réorientation de cette discipline et, enfin, des changements méthodologiques qu&#039;imposerait une telle réorientation. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, il est question de la théorie bioculturelle générale, laquelle se constitue en ce moment, et du rôle que pourrait y jouer l&#039;archéologie. On tient compte des implications politiques -- relées par Orwell -- de la mise en application de cette théorie bioculturelle.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeff Seibert</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Nassaney</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Archaeology of the North American Fur Trade</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">364–366</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amelia Fay</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael S. Nassaney</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fort St. Joseph Revealed: The Historical Archaeology of a Fur Trading Post</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-246</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dianne Newell</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heitzmann</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cochrane Ranche Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1983</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">246-247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Newman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Julig</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Identification of Protein Residues on Lithic Artifacts from a Stratified Boreal Forest Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Taconite artifacts from the stratified Cummins site near Thunder Bay dating ca. 7,500-9,000 BP were tested for blood protein residues. Cross-over electrophoresis (CIEP), an analytical technique commonly used in forensic investigations, was used for identifications. Commercially available anti-sera for mammalian and avian families were tested against archaeological residues. At present this method and the available anti-sera allow identification of organic residues only to family level. Our results, which include human, bovine (bison), deer and several other mammalian families indicate that protein immunoglobins are preserved on archaeological materials for millennia and that identification is possible.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Divers artefacts de taconite provenant du site stratifié de Cummins, près de Thunder Bay, et remontant à une période d&amp;#39;environ 7500-9000 A.A., ont été analysés dans le but d&amp;#39;identifier éventuellement des traces de protéines sanguines. &amp;iquest; cette fin, nous avons utilisé une technique courante en recherches judiciares, l&amp;#39;électrophorèse (CIEP). Les traces archéologiques ont alors été mises en contact avec des échantillons d&amp;#39;anti-serum spécifiques pour différentes familles d&amp;#39;oiseaux et de mammifères et qui se trouvent déjà sur le marché. Il n&amp;#39;est alors possible d&amp;#39;identifier les résidus organiques qu&amp;#39;au niveau taxonomique de la famille. Nos résultats, qui concernent les humains, les bovins (bison), les cerfs et plusieurs autres familles de mammifères, indiquent que les immunoglobines peuvent se conserver pendant des milléniares sur les matériaux archéologiques et être identifiées.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alluvial Geoarchaeology: Floodplain Archaeology and Environmental Change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-176</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-v</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kevin Brownlee</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dibaajimindwaa Geteyaag: Ogiiyose, Noojigiigoo’iwe gaye Dibinawaag Nibiing Onji/Stories of the Old Ones: Hunter and Fish from Sheltered Water</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">265–267</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lourandos</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-203</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes: On &quot;reality archaeology&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-vi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-iv</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian J. McNiven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lynette Russell</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appropriated Pasts: Indigenous Peoples and the Colonial Culture of Archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">274-277</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor’s Notes: On archaeology and the “burden” of responsibility</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-vi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note: On mtDNA and Archaeological Ethics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-vi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-iv</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Milledge Nelson</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Handbook of Gender in Archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150-153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes: On representativeness in archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-viii</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-vi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-iv</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes: On historical relativity in archaeology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-v</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Surface-Evans</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. E. Garrison</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kisha Supernant</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blurring Timescapes, Subverting Erasure. Remembering Ghosts on the Margins of History</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138-140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alluvial Geoarchaeology: Floodplain Archaeology and Environmental Change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">203-206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-iv</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Nicholas</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stephen W. Silliman</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engaging Archaeology: 25 Case Studies in Research Practice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">098-100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Note</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-iv</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George P. Nicholas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editor&#039;s Notes: On archaeological theory as a rite of passage</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iii-vi</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dion Wiseman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Introduction to Building a Contextual Milieu: Interdisciplinary Modeling and Theoretical Perspectives from the SCAPE Project</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;To introduce the volume, we present a brief background to the SCAPE Project, and then an overview of the methodological approaches that we have used to achieve our research goals. This is followed by an overview of current and past theoretical approaches to archaeological interpretation. We conclude with a brief discussion of the value of the concept of building a contextual milieu.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Afin de présenter ce volume, nous offrons un bref historique du projet SCAPE suivi d&amp;#39;un survol des approches méthodologiques que nous avons utilisé dans ce projet de recherche. Ensuite nous présentons un aperçu des tendances théoriques passées et courantes employées dans l&amp;#39;interprétation archéologique. Nous concluons avec une brève discussion sur l&amp;#39;utilité du concept de construire un milieu contextuel.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Role of Pocket Gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in Restructuring Stratigraphic Relationships at the Lovstrom Site</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-331</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Taphonomic disturbance is examined at the Lovstrom site, a site containing Vickers Focus and Late Woodland ceramics. In particular, the role of pocket gophers as major taphonomic agents in prairie/parkland sites in southwestern Manitoba is discussed. The magnitude and the nature of disturbance at the Lovstrom site by Pocket Gophers are quantified, together with a brief account of their ecology, social patterning and capabilities as a burrowing species. Materials greater than 7&amp;nbsp;cm in diameter, including bone, cannot be readily moved through the gopher burrows and, though subject to the effects of soil subsidence, essentially remain in their relative positions and provide potentially accurate radiocarbon dates.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nous examinons les perturbations taphonomiques au site Lovstrom, site renfermant des céramiques des peuples des Vickers Focus et du Sylvicole récent. Nous discutons plus particulièrement du rôle des rats à poche (Geomyidae) en tant qu’agents taphonomiques importants dans les sites de la prairie et des zones boisées du sud-est du Manitoba. L’ampleur et la nature des perturbations provoquées par les rats à poche au site Lovstrom sont quantifiées, en même temps que nous présentons brièvement leur fonction écologique et leurs schémas sociaux en tant qu’espèce fouisseuse. Les artefacts de plus de 7 cm de diamètre, y compris les os, ne peuvent pas être aisément déplacés dans les galeries des rats à poche et, bien qu’ils soient soumis aux affaissements du sol, ils conservent généralement leur position relative et les dates radiocarbone qu’ils fournissent sont potentiellement exactes.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bev Nicholson</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Landals</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B. Kulle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. Cockle</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Miniota Site, An Avonlea Component in Southwestern Manitoba</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324-325</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Malainey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sub-plough Zone Testing at the Lowton Site (DiLv–3): The Vickers Focus Type Site in Southwest Manitoba</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">087-100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Lowton site, type site for the horticulturally supported Vickers Focus, has long been of interest to Manitoba archaeologists. Since the site was first identified, in the 1920s, it has proven difficult to accurately date and to firmly establish the degree of horticultural dependence. To address these problems, and to recover material for radiocarbon dating, subsurface testing for storage pits and undisturbed deposits was undertaken in 1992. Testing did not identify pits, but evidence of a hearth was recovered. Excavations revealed that while this feature was undisturbed by cultivation, it was extensively disturbed by rodent activity. A radiocarbon date of 510 +/-110 B.P. was obtained on associated bone. These finds, together with the continued recovery of artifacts on the surface indicate that intact deposits likely occur in other parts of the site.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Le site Lowton, le site éponyme des groupes horticulteurs du focus Vickers, a longtemps fait l&amp;#39;objet d&amp;#39;un intérêt de la part des archéologues du Manitoba. Le site ayant été inventorié dans les années1920 lors d&amp;#39;activitiés de nettoyage, il a été démontré que la datation précise de ce site était difficile, tout comme établir le degré de dépendance des occupants envers l&amp;#39;horticulture. Afin de répondre à ces questions, des puits de sondage ont été effectués sur le site Lowton dans le but de découvrir des fosses d&amp;#39;entreposage et des couches intactes pouvant contenir du matériel pour la datation radiocarbone. Au total, 323 petits sondages du type sonde (grosseur d&amp;#39;une pelle) ont été fouillés à l&amp;#39;intérieur d&amp;#39;une aire de 20 x 30 m. Ces sondages localisés n&amp;#39;ont pas permis la localisation de fosses sous la couche de labour. Toutefois, les traces, relativement bien épargnées par le labour, d&amp;#39;un foyer ont été identifiées, mais les fouilles subséquentes ont démontré que les activitiés de ronguers ont fortement perturbé cette structure. Une date radiocarbone de 510 +/-110 B.P. a néanmoins été obtenue à partir d&amp;#39;un échantillon d&amp;#39;os associé au foyer. Ces découvertes et la récupération continuelle d&amp;#39;objets en surface du champ indiquent probablement que des parties intactes du site existent encore dans d&amp;#39;autres secteurs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Hamilton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garry Running</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Boyd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building the Contextual Milieu: An Approach to Data Collection and Interpretation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In this paper an integrated approach to archaeological data collection and interpretation is offered, based upon the fundamental idea that all archaeological materials were deposited in a complex, interactive, contextual milieu, comprised of the physical, biological and cultural aspects of a past environment. Further, it is apparent that these useful but arbitrary divisions of the contextual milieu were intimately interconnected and, while they can be readily separated for analytical purposes, this interconnection must be recognized to fully understand the context in which past societies operated. A brief discussion of the major aspects of the physical, biological and cultural environment and their significance for human populations is offered, followed by a discussion of evidence upon which our analyses relied. This paper provides a contextual interpretive framework using examples from the SCAPE Project to illustrate the utility of an applied theoretical approach to the collection and subsequent interpretation of archaeological data.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Dans cet article, une approche intégrée de la collecte et de l&amp;#39;interprétation de données archéologiques est offerte, basée sur l&amp;#39;idée fondamentale que tous les matériaux archéologiques ont été déposés dans un milieu complexe, interactif et contextuel, constitué par les aspects physiques, biologiques et culturels de l&amp;#39;environnement ancien. De plus, il est évident que ces divisions, utiles mais arbitraires, du milieu contextuel sont intimement reliées, et bien qu&amp;#39;elles puissent être aisément séparées pour des fins analytiques, cette interconnexion doit être reconnue pour comprendre entièrement le contexte dans lequel les sociétés anciennes ont fonctionné. Une brève discussion des principaux aspects de l&amp;#39;environnement physique, biologique et culturel, ainsi que de leur importance pour des populations humaines est offerte, suivie d&amp;#39;une discussion des données sur lesquelles nos analyses sont basées. Cet article offre un cadre interprétatif contextuel utilisant des exemples du projet SCAPE, illustrant l&amp;#39;utilité d&amp;#39;une approche théorique appliquée pour la collection et l&amp;#39;interprétation de données archéologiques.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceramic Affiliations and the Case for Incipient Horticulture in Southwestern Manitoba</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">033-059</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The prevailing models of Late Prehistoric subsistence in southwestern Manitoba have been based upon the premise of a straightforward hunter/getherer economy relying upon the local ecology of the forest/parkland/plains biomes. In some cases, trade with the Middle Missouri Village Tribes has been incorporated as a &amp;#39;risk reducing&amp;#39; mechanism. These models propose a seasonal round exploiting the available natural subsistence resources at peaks of productivity and quality. Recent work at the Lovstrom and Johnas sites near Brandon on the Souris and Assiniboine Rivers, respectively, and at Lockport and Winnipeg on the Red River suggest that these models may be inadequate. The Lovstrom and Johnas sites indicate extended occupations by people using agricultural tools and whose ceramic affiliations appear to relate to groups in North Dakota and western Minnesota known to have practiced horticulture. Many of the distinctive ceramic traits which characterize vessels in these sites are not found in the usual Woodland assemblages recorded in south-western Manitoba. It seems probable that these sites represent an expansion into southern Manitoba by groups from the south who practised horticulture as a part of their normal subsistence strategy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Les modèles de subsistance décrivant les groupes préhistoriques tardifs du sud-ouest du Manitoba ont été élaborés sur la base assumée d&amp;#39;une économie de chasse-cueillette intimement liée aux ressources de forêts, de parcs et de plaines. Quelques auteurs ont parfois considéré aussi le commerce avec les groupes villageois du Moyen Missouri comme un mécanisme permettant de réduire les risques de l&amp;#39;économie prévalents. Selon ces modèles, l&amp;#39;exploitation saisonnière aurait capitalisé sur les pics naturels de productivité et de qualité des ressources. Des travaux récents au site Lovstrom, près de Brandon sur la rivière Souris, au site Johnas sur la rivière Assiniboine ainsi qu&amp;#39;à Lockport et Winnipeg sur la rivière Rouge, pourraient rendre ces modèles insatisfaisants. Les sites Lovstrom et Johnas démontrent la présence de groupes utilisant communément des outils agricoles ainsi qu&amp;#39;une poterie semblable à celle qu&amp;#39;on recontre dans des régions du Dakota du Nord et de l&amp;#39;ouest du Minnesota où il y avait aussi de l&amp;#39;horticulture. Plusieurs attributs distinctifs communs des vases trouvés dans ces sites ne se retrouvent pas habituellement dans les assemblages &amp;#39;Woodland&amp;#39; du sud-ouest du Manitoba. On peut croire alors que ces sites témoignent d&amp;#39;une expansion dans la partie méridionale du Manitoba par des groupes qui avaient déjà intégré l&amp;#39;horticulture. Il faut maintenant savoir s&amp;#39;il ne s&amp;#39;agit que d&amp;#39;incursions épisodiques brèves par des groupes ayant leur résidence habituelle beaucoup plus au sud ou, s&amp;#39;il s&amp;#39;agissait d&amp;#39;une installation plus permanente, si leur production régulière de surplus horticole affectait les stratégies de subsistance des autres groupes de la région.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Hamilton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural Continuity and Changing Subsistence Strategies During the Late Precontact Period in Southwestern Manitoba</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">053-073</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Previous research on Vickers Focus sites in the eastern sections of the Souris-Pembina Trench in southwestern Manitoba, conducted by the senior author, indicated a center-based settlement strategy supported by a combination of hunter-gatherer and small-scale horticultural practice. The Lowton site is the center for this cluster and contains numerous luxury items and exotic materials. Research conducted by both authors in the summers of 1995-1999 at the Makotchi-Ded Dontipi locale revealed a central-place clustering of Vickers Focus and Mortlach sites. The sites show a diversity of faunal remains covering both winter and warm season occupations and no apparent evidence of horticultural activity. These materials indicate functional subsistence activities and there is an absence of the exotic and ceremonial artifacts recovered in the eastern sites. While there is clearly cultural continuity from the Initial Middle Missouri presence at the Duthie Site, through subsequent Vickers Focus and Mortlach occupations, the material remains, and their distribution, indicate significant changes in the settlement and subsistence patterns of the Vickers Focus people through time and space.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Les recherches précédentes sur les sites culturels Vickers Focus, dans la partie est de la Tranchée de Souris-Pembina, menées par l&amp;#39;auteur principal indiquaient une stratégie de colonisation vers le centre, renforcée par la conbinaison d&amp;#39;une pratique horticole à petite échelle, de chasse et de cueillette. Le site de Lowton, qui remonte auz alentours de 1450 avant J. C., est le centre de cet agglomérat et contient de nombreux objects de luze et matériaux exotiques. Les recherches menées par les deux auteurs durant les étés de 1995-1999 sur le site de Makotchi-Ded-Dontipi, dans le sud-ouest du Manitoba, ont mis à jour un rassemblement central de sites des cultures Vickers Focus et Mortlach. Ces lieux présentent une diversité de restes fauniques témoignant d&amp;#39;une occupation à la fois en hiver et pendant la saison chaude, sans preuve évidente d&amp;#39;une activité horticole. Ces matériaux indiquent des activités de simple subsistance et l&amp;#39;on ne recontre aucun des artefacts exotiques et cérémoniaux retrouvés dans la partie est de la Tranchée de Souris-Pembina. Tandis qu&amp;#39;il y a distinctement une continuité culturelle depuis la presence Initial Middle Missouri sur le site de Duthie, jusqu&amp;#39;aux occupations ultérieures des cultures Vickers Focus et Mortlach, les reste matériels, et leur répartition, indiquent des changements significatifs dans les schémas de colonisation et de subsistance du peuple Vickers Focus à travers le temps et l&amp;#39;espace.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1+2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bev Nicholson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">President&#039;s Report</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">003-004</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.A. Nicholson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Kain Cache Site (DILw–12): A Functional Explanation of a Boulder Structure on the Northern Plains/Parkland Interface</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-181</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bev Nicolson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Pokotylo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ron Williamson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statement of Principles for Ethical Conduct Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">005-008</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Norman Emerson (1917–1978)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">240-244</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">One hundred and twenty-five years of archaeology in the Canadian provinces</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulletin</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1972</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">001-078</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William.C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ontario Iroquois Effigy Pipes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">069-090</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper presents a basic taxonomic classification for Ontario Iroquois effigy pipes. Forty-five zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and dual styles (types) are enumerated. In addition, twelve lines of interpretation provide varying explanations of what this art work means. It is concluded that multiple explanations are required, and that they are effigy specific.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Une classification taxonomique de base des pipes à effigie des Iroquois d&amp;#39;Ontario est présentée dans cet article. Au total, 45 types zoomorphiques, anthropomorphiques ou présentant les 2 styles sont énumérés. En outre, 12 modes d&amp;#39;interprétation nous procurent des explications variables de la signification de cet art et on doit conclure que des explications multiples sont nécessaires pour en rendre compte et que ces explications sont spécifiques à cet art.&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian prehistory: The lower Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulletin</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96-121</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laurence Ferland</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordon Noble</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodland in the Neolithic of Northern Europe: The Forest as Ancestor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100-103</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsouharissen&#039;s Chiefdom: An Early Historic 17th Century Neutral Iroquoian Ranked Society</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Archaeology, ethnohistory, and an oral tradition provide three streams of information to help recognise and define an early 17th century ranked society among the Neutral Iroquois of the Hamilton-Niagara region. Specific factors contributing to this definition include the presence of: a paramount chief with absolute authority over some ten tribes; settlement unit hierarchies; sizeable population density; massive warfare; long-distance trade; subsistence productivity; ranked burials; and indications of some part-time craft specialization. The historic Neutral Iroquois case illustrates a veritable chiefdom at a higher and more complex level of socio-political organization than other contemporaneous Iroquoian confederacies. This evolutionary advancement for the early 17th century Neutral developed, flourished, and collapsed during the life-time of paramount warrior-priest-chief, Tsouharissen (&amp;#39;the Sun&amp;#39;s Child&amp;#39;).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L&#039;archéologie, l&#039;ethnologie et la tradition orale nous fournissent avec trois sources d&#039;information pour nous aider à reconnaître et définir une société stratifiée en classes sociales chez les Iroquois Neutres de la région d&#039;Hamilton-Niagara. Des facteurs spécifiques qui contribuent à cette définition comprennent la présence d&#039;un chef suprême commandant quelques dix tribus, des éléments hiéarchiques d&#039;établissement, une population assez grande et dense, des guerres majeures, des échanges économiques avec des régions lointaines, une productivité de subsistance, un complexe funéraire qui reflète la classe sociale des individus ensevelis, et l&#039;indication d&#039;artisanats spécialisés et à temps partiel. Ce progrès dans l&#039;évolution sociale des Neutres du dix-septième siècle s&#039;est développé, a prospéré, et s&#039;est écroulé durant la vie du chef-prêtre suprême Tsouharissen (&#039;l&#039;Enfant du Soleil&#039;).</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James V. Wright</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A History of the Native People of Canada: Volume III, Part 1 (A.D. 500–European Contact)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">328-331</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potsherds, Potlids and Politics: An Overview of Ontario Archaeology During the 1970&#039;s</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1982</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-194</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Historic Neutral Iroquois Settlement Patterns</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1984</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">003-027</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The settlement patterns for the Neutral Iroquois of the Hamilton-Niagara region of southwestern Ontario are providing the most up-to-date information and detailed models currently available for an historic Northeastern Iroquois group. In this paper, thirteen years of settlement research are evaluated and examined according to five ascending levels of enquiry that span low-level definition of features to the higher and most difficult task of reconstructing the physical features of the historic Neutral chiefdom.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Les schèmes d&#039;établissement des Iroquois Neutres de la région d&#039;Hamilton-Niagara du sud-ouest de l&#039;Ontario, nous fournissent avec les renseignements les plus récents et les modèles détaillés les plus courants et disponibles pour un groupe Iroquois du Nord-Est. Cet article est une évaluation et un examen de treize années de recherche sur les établissements, et ça sur une échelle de cinq niveaux d&#039;étude. Ces niveaux comprennent des définitions de niveaux inférieurs d&#039;analyse, comme celui des traces d&#039;activités découvertent durant les fouilles en chantier, jusqu&#039;aux niveaux supérieurs et plus complexes des aspects physiques de la chefferie des Neutres de la période historique.</style></custom1><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William C. Noble</style></author></secondary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinkwin</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dekah De&#039;nin&#039;s Village and the Dixthada Site:A Contribution to Northern Athapaskan Prehistory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181-183</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bill Noble</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Millar (1924–1994)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d&#039;archéologie</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compiled By Luc Nolin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ken Swayze</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appendix II: NOGAP Bibliography</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227-238</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compiled By Luc Nolin</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appendix I: NOGAP Radiocarbon Dates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-225</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luc Nolin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Luc Pilon</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archaeological Potential Along the Lower Mackenzie River, N.W.T.: Recent Data and Some Considerations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAA Occasional Paper No. 2</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-170</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The results of recently conducted archaeological surveys in the lower Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T., demonstrate a greater archaeological potential than hitherto assumed. These data modify the widespread view according to which few archaeological sites along the immediate course of the river had actually escaped the ravages of the Mackenzie&#039;s spectacular spring floods. Archaeological sites were in fact found in a wide variety of locational contexts. Moreover, the quality of that record, when buried under overbank deposits, is superior to that usually found in the interior where soil development is negligible, and the soil chemistry not conducive to organic preservation. In short, the elements needed to write the prehistory of this zone are still accessible.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>