Domestic Life at Les Forges du Saint-Maurice - Martha Latta (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1984)

A Groswater Palaeoeskimo Component at the Dorset Palaeoeskimo Phillip’s Garden Site, Port au Choix, Northwestern Newfoundland - Dominique Lavers; Renouf, M.A.P. (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)
This paper describes the Groswater tool assemblage present in the Dorset Palaeoeskimo site of Phillip’s Garden (EeBi-1), Port au Choix, Newfoundland. To explain Groswater presence at the site, six tool categories are quantitatively and qualitatively examined and compared to tool assemblages from two adjacent Groswater sites, Phillip’s Garden East (EeBi-1) and Phillip’s Garden West (EeBi-11). Five models are tested to assess the relationship amongst these three sites. It is concluded that the Groswater component at Phillip’s Garden primarily represents an extension of the Groswater occupation at Phillip’s Garden West. We argue that Phillip’s Garden was a particularly suitable location for landing harp seals whose carcasses were then reduced into transportable meat packages destined for Phillip’s Garden West.

New Data Relating to the Prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the NOGAP Study Area - Raymond J. Le Blanc (CAA Occasional Paper No. 1, 1991)
This paper deals with the results of archaeological investigations which have shed new light on the prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the Northwest Territories. In particular, test excavations were conducted at several sites, among them a microblade and burin site (NkTj-1) situated on a late Pleistocene palaeo-channel on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, and two Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) sites located in a dense cluster of 34 sites on the Old Horton River Channel on the Cape Bathurst Peninsula. The assemblage from NkTj-1 is thought to represent a Northwest Microblade tradition component, although there may be evidence of potentially earlier material. Of the two ASTt sites, one (ObRv-1) is clearly related to a distinctive, late ASTt variant found at the Lagoon site (OjRl-3) on Banks Island. The other ASTt site (ObRw-11) has materials which suggest an early Palaeo-Eskimo, Independence I-like occupation. Finally, the location of many of the sites on the Old Horton River Channel is situated in a region where a glassy and vesicular fused rock is being produced by spontaneous combustion of organic-rich mudstones. This material was being exploited for tool production by Palaeo-Eskimo, and possibly other cultures in the region.

The Qugyuk Site (ObRw-1) and the Archaeology of the Eastern Mackenzie Delta - Raymond J. Le Blanc (CAA Occasional Paper No. 2, 1994)
The Qugyuk site (ObRw-1) is a multi-component site located on the north shore of Harrowby Bay, Cape Bathurst Peninsula, N.W.T. The site has up to 60 cm of deposits, with evidence of prehistoric Inuit, Arctic Small Tool tradition, and Northwest Microblade tradition occupations. However, because of intensive cryoturbation, the earlier two occupations could only be separated on the basis of typology. Five radiocarbon dates on caribou bone suggest that the earlier two occupations dated to 2600-2050 BC and 3100-2600 BC respectively. The Northwest Microblade tradition component represents part of a larger, presumably seasonal occupation of the Arctic Coastal Plain by interior peoples, presumably to take advantage of caribou herds, muskox, and probably bison.

A Russian Perspective on Theoretical Archaeology: The Life and Work of Leo S. Klejn - Andrew P. Roddick (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2016)

Mobilitié des hominidés et systèmes d'exploitation des ressources lithiques au Paléolithque Ancien: La Caune de l'Arago (France) - Serge Lebel (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1992)
Currently, for the lower Palaeolithic, there is limited information on hominid mobility and on economic and technological exploitation of raw materials. The archaeological evidence from the Arago cave allows us to use a simplified form of analysis, by which the selection and technological transformation of various raw materials are studied in relation to their availability in the environment. It is shown that fragmentation of the lithic reduction sequence, particularly on varied silicious rocks, depends on the accessibility to the procurement zone. These data also give us information about the territory covered by the hominids during the lower Palaeolithic. The results propose a more opportunistic attitude, and the existence of the capacity to anticipate future needs during the collect of raw material. This conceptual state is found in the technology of the lithic assemblages at the Arago site.

Archaeological Reconnaissance at Great Bear Lake - Raymond J. LeBlanc (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1988)

The Campus Site—A Prehistoric Camp at Fairbankz, Alaska - Raymond LeBlanc (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1992)

The Bezya Site: A Wedge-Shaped Core Assemblage from Northeastern Alberta - Raymond J. LeBlanc; John W. Ives (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)
The Bezya site (HhOv-73) is a wedge-shaped core, microblade and burin producing site located approximately 70 km north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta. The site was discovered in 1980 during an archaeological inventory of the former Alsands tar sands lease, an area characterized by a patchwork of muskeg, interspersed with various combinations of aspen, spruce and pine. An assemblage which includes microcores, microblades, a notched transverse burin, burin spalls, fluted and platform element preparation and rejuvenation ridge flakes, core tablets and edge modified and unmodified debitage was concentrated in a 16 square metre area at 10 to 60 cm below surface. Cross fitting suggests a high degree of assemblage coherence, despite the vertical and horizontal dispersion. A composite sample of charcoal from the main microblade producing zone yielded a date of 3900 B.P. Within Alberta, the assemblage exhibits technological and morphological similarities with surface finds of microcores from the Calgary area in southern Alberta. However, the collection has the most intriguing parallels in terms of methods of core production and core morphology with Campus = Denali microblade assemblages extending on a northwest axis through the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska.

Macroblade Technology in the Peace River Region of Northwestern Alberta - Raymond J. LeBlanc; Milton J. Wright (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1990)
Evidence of microblade technology is fairly widespread in western North America. Less well-known is the existence of the production and use of large macroblades. Several specimens have appeared in private collections in the Peace country of northwestern Alberta. These specimens are up to 156.3 mm long and 51.2 mm wide, and many are extensively retouched into tools. Comparisons with macroblade specimens in other regions, and geochronological evidence suggest that the Peace specimens are Early Prehistoric in age, possibly 8-10,000 years old.

Northern Ethnographic Landscapes: Perspectives for Circumpolar Nations - Craig M. Lee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History - Ellen Lee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)

Origin and Spread of Microblade Technology in Northern Asia and North America - Craig M. Lee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)

Mixed Messages: Deciphering the Okanagan’s Historic McDougall Family - Gabrielle Legault (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2015)
Historical Archaeology is founded on the process of cross-referencing written historical records with archaeological remains, yet the demand to reconcile contradictions between historical and archaeological data can restrict analytical results. In a recent study of the ethnicity of the Okanagan’s historical McDougall Family (1859–1905), historical and genealogical records suggested that the family was increasingly identifying with their Indigenous (Syilx) kin and community (Legault 2012). An archaeological survey of the vernacular architecture of Métis trader Jean Baptiste McDougall and his sons contradict the historical data, as the five houses studied increasingly exhibit features associated with upper class Euro-Canadian society. The discrepancies between the data sets are not indicative of a problem with the written and material assemblages, but are rather a matter of theoretical orientation. By overcoming the binary analysis (colonizer/colonized) that is typically prescribed to historical peoples during the colonial period and instead employing nuanced notions of hybridity, the results suggest that the McDougall family was replicating the complex and contradictory identification that is commonly found amongst people of Métis and/or mixed Indigenous and Euro-Canadian heritage.

Unsettling Mobility: Mediating Mi’kmaw Sovereignty in Post-contact Nova Scotia - M. Gabriel Hrynick (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)

Engendering Archaeology: Women in Prehistory - Genevieve LeMoine (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1994)

The Archaeological Northeast - Kevin Leonard (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2002)

Coast Salish Interaction: A View from the Inlets - Dana Lepofsky; Teresa Trost; Jesse Morin (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)
Ethnographic and archaeological accounts document a complex web of socio-economic and religious networks among Coast Salish communities. While these accounts provide a general understanding of interactions among some Coast Salish groups, our knowledge of social relations among specific groups is uneven. In particular, we know little about social interactions among the people living in upper Burrard Inlet and Indian Arm (the "Inlet Locality"). We analyze faunal remains, plant remains, and lithics recovered from Late Phase ( 1200-250_BP) deposits of the settlement of Say-Umiton (DhRr-18) and compare these results to data collected from the previously excavated sites of Tum-tu-may-whueton (Belcarra Park) and Whey-Ah-Wichen (Cates Park). In particular, we use the source and abundance of archaeological remains as a proxy for determining the degree of interaction among the inlet peoples and between the inlet peoples and other communities. Our results demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of resources recovered at these settlements were acquired locally and few resources were acquired from outside the Inlet Locality. This suggests that while the people of the Inlets were linked to broader socio-economic spheres, their interactions were firmly rooted in the Inlet Locality. These data support the idea that in the past, as today, the people of the Inlets formed a regional social network within the broad Coast Salish social continuum.

Foraging New Ground: Documenting Ancient Resource and Environmental Management in Canadian Archaeology - Dana Lepofsky; Chelsey Geralda Armstrong (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2018)

Settlement and Shell-Bearing Site Diversity in the Sechelt Inlet System, British Columbia - Bryn Letham (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)
This paper presents results from a survey of Salmon and Narrows Inlets, in the traditional territory of the shíshálh First Nation on the Sunshine Coast, British Columbia. It focuses on shell-bearing habitation sites. Detailed constituent analysis of auger samples provides a means of exploring the types of human action and post-depositional processes that shaped these sites and forming hypotheses regarding settlement and subsistence. Habitation sites are concentrated around limited productive resource patches and strategic access points that would have allowed people to monitor and control movement through the inlets. Preliminary indicators suggest a settlement pattern that was at times similar to that recorded ethnographically for the shíshálh, with people moving from large winter aggregations on the outer coast to smaller dispersed camps in the inlets beginning in the spring and continuing through to the fall. This study contributes an analysis of a particular landscape that can be added to the growing understanding of the diverse ‘mosaic’ of settlement and land use history across the Northwest Coast.

The Jeffersons at Shadwell - Jennifer Lewis (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)

Holocene Shoreline Occupations and Water-Level Changes at Lac Mégantic, Québec - Brad Loewen; Claude Chapdelaine; Pierre J. H. Richard (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2005)
Archaeological questions concerning lake water levels are often related to the viability of past shoreline occupations. They become more complex when the lake’s present “natural” level is unknown, as is the case at Lac Mégantic, southeastern Québec, which has a 12,000-year-long cultural sequence. One lakeside site, Plage-Duquette, was occupied during two periods, 8800–7800 and 6800–5800 cal BP, but its low elevation raises questions about its springtime viability. In 2003, an underwater survey identified the shoreline prior to damming in 1893. Related geological analysis of a submerged terrace indicated it was exposed for hundreds or thousands of years at an unknown time in the postglacial past. This is corroborated by lake studies in the Northeast that show a drop in water levels below today’s values between 8800 and 5100 cal BP. The 4-m difference between mid-Holocene and pre-1893 levels at Lac Mégantic gives rise to a re-evaluation of prehistoric shoreline occupations. We conclude that the level of Lac Mégantic was significantly lower during the mid-Holocene than today and that this level modifies our understanding of Plage-Duquette and other sites.

Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers and Farmers - Matthew A. Beaudoin (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)

The Basques in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Adjacent Shores - Brad Loewen; Vincent Delmas (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)
Basque seasonal activity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is known from 1517 to 1767. Basque sites show distinctive patterns of spatial distribution, structures, material culture, and type of activity. They follow a four-period chronology, where periods of relative equilibrium are separated by geopolitical watershed events. The distribution and nature of Basque sites vary according to these periods. For each period, we analyse a major site: Red Bay (1530–1580), Anse à la Cave (1580–1630), Petit-Mécatina (1630–1713), and Pabos (1713–1760). The material culture found on these sites reflects the evolution of supply networks in the Basque Country: a single Gipuzkoan network gives way to two parallel networks based in the provinces of Lapurdi and Bizkaia. The longevity and resilience of the Basque presence are explained by a solid grounding in the Euro-Atlantic staple trades, and by the Basques’ customary role in strengthening Franco-Spanish relations.

The World of Capitena Ioannis: Basques and Inuit in the Seventeenth Century - Brad Loewen (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)
It is often thought that Europeans left Labrador about 1630, and that only Inuit populated the territory until French colonisation in 1703. This paper shows that Basques from Spain were present in the Strait of Belle Isle and Gran Baya, the northeast arm of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, throughout the seventeenth century. Thus, the Basque presence was roughly coterminous with Inuit expansion into this region. Using both historical and archaeological sources, the paper first summarises evidence that Basque navigation to the study area continued without interruption until about 1700. Secondly, it shows that Basques from Spain engaged in sealing and suggests that the seal economy brought them into direct contact with the Inuit, either as competitors or collaborators. Thirdly, it analyses traces of Basque cultural influences in seventeenth-century Inuit society.

Perishable Material Culture in the Northeast - Judith A. Logan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Freezing Block Lifts with Dry Ice - Judith A. Logan; James A. Tuck (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)

A Guide to Basic Archaeological Field Procedures - Timothy C. Losey (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1978)

Early Earthquakes of the Americas - Robert Losey (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)

A consideration of the effects of the demise of bison on the subsistence economy of Fort Victoria: A late 19th century Hudson's Bay Company Post - Timothy C. Losey; Gabriella Prager (Bulletin, 1975)

In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition - Jonathan C. Lothrop (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)

Snake Hill: An Investigation of a Military Cemetery from the War of 1812 - Nancy C. Lovell (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1993)

Prehistoric Salmon Consumption in Interior British Columbia - N.C. Lovell; B.S. Chisholm; D.E. Nelson; H.P. Schwarcz (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)
Carbon isotopic analysis of remnant protein in human bone has been used to examine the relative amounts of marine and terrestrial protein in the diets of prehistoric inhabitants of the interior of British Columbia. The results provide a test of the analytical method and indicate that marine protein was of great importance to these people.

An Archaeological Application of Seismic Refraction Profiling Technique - Thomas Loy (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1978)
The geophysical technique of refraction seismic profiling can provide archaeologists with a technique useful for both the prior estimation of site volume and the post-excavation interpretation of the sedimentation process at archaeological sites. This technique is not universally applicable, for the determination of depth of deposit depends upon a relatively large density difference between the cultural and sterile soils. This method is especially useful in probing the depth of shell-midden deposits, but has not been applied as yet to other types of low-density cultural deposits. The theory of the method is presented as well as an example from the Glenrose Cannery Site (DgRr-6).

Archaeology of the War of 1812 - Henry C. Cary (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2015)

Identification and Dating of Lea and Perrins' Worcestershire Sauce Bottles on Canadian Historic Sites: Interpretations Past and Present - Kevin Lunn (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)
A review of historical and archaeological information on Lea and Perrins' Worcestershire Sauce bottles in North America reveals that past identification and dating of these bottles found on Canadian sites are generally incorrect due to inappropriate use of American-oriented data. Consequently, an alternative approach to identifying and dating Lea and Perrins' bottles from Canadian contexts is examined and presented in this paper.

The Economic Prehistory of Namu. I - R.Lee Lyman (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1992)

Archaeologies of Indigenous Presence - Natasha Lyons (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2022)

Field Seasons: Reflections on Career Paths and Research in American Archaeology - Natasha Lyons (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2013)

Memory, Practice, Telling Community - Natasha Lyons; Yvonne Marshall (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)
Indigenous and ethnocultural communities commonly invoke a sense of community and heritage through the memory and practice of specific culturally-valued, land- and sea-based activities. Two ways in which these vital connections between people and activities are manifested is through the sharing of stories and the making and use of objects. We view both narratives and objects as storehouses of cultural memory: they enable individuals to generate and share remembered experiences; and to create and hold onto the connections, relations, and belonging that constitute community. We explore the idea of community through four “tellings” drawn from narratives and objects. The first two tellings are a sequence of memories about trapping and hunting shared by two Inuvialuit Elders of the Canadian Western Arctic. The second two tellings are stories from a series of whaling amulets made by and for Maori of New Zealand/Aotearoa. Our approach works to problematize how we define archaeological “objects” and moves towards an understanding of how memory evokes cultural practices that create and sustain communities of the past and present.

Person, Place, Memory, Thing: How Inuit Elders are Informing Archaeological Practice in the Canadian North - Natasha Lyons; Dawson, Peter; Matthew Walls; Donald Uluadluak; Louis Angalik; Mark Kalluak; Philip Kigusiutuak; Luke Kiniksi; Joe Karetak; Luke Suluk (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2010)
Inuit Elders from the West Coast of Hudson Bay, Canada remember the past to serve the present. This paper describes a mapping and oral history project that is gathering Elders’ knowledge of the people, places, sites, and resources that populated their vast traditional territory. We discuss the Elders’ conception of this work within the framework of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangiit (Inuit knowledge) and how these understandings are actively contributing to the form and direction of the project. We explore how the Elders’ knowledge is used to inform and animate the archaeological findings of the project. These broader discussions are focused around an examination of the tentative links between an historic Inuit trader named Ullebuk (Ouligbuk) and archaeological features uncovered at a site located near Arviat, Nunavut. Finally, we discuss how the Elders’ work is trained on the goal of serving their people, particularly the rapidly expanding population of Inuit youth.

Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America - Natasha Lyons (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Where the Wind Blows Us: Practicing Critical Community Archaeology in the Canadian North - Laurence G. Bolduc (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2016)

Sourcing Archaeobotanical Remains: Taphonomic Insights from a Midden Analysis on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia - Natasha Lyons; Trevor J. Orchard (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)
Paleoethnobotany in the Northwest Coast is in the process of developing methodological conventions and establishing the range and sophistication of questions that can be asked of its data. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of archaeobotanical remains from three Haida village middens, focusing in particular on the taphonomic concerns that face palaeoethnobotanists during analysis and interpretation. We explore the process of sourcing the various types of remains encountered in midden contexts in an attempt to distinguish those that are culturally vs. naturally deposited. Determining the origins of different constituents of archaeobotanical assemblages is the first step towards interpretation and the ability to address questions of broader social and economic import.

Gender and the Archaeology of Death - Diane Lyons (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2003)

Looking Both Ways at Community-Oriented Archaeologies in Canada - Natasha Lyons; Susan Blair (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2018)

Archaeozoological Studies - Anne M.; John H. Rick (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1978)

An Overview of Canadian Prehistory for the Last Decade - George F. MacDonald (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1982)

The Myers Road Site: Shedding New Light on Regional Diversity in Settlement Patterns - Robert J. MacDonald; Carol Naismith Ramsden; Ronald F. Williamson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1989)

Diamond Jenness (1886–1969) - G.F. MacDonald (Bulletin, 1969)

African Material Culture (Arnoldi, Geary and Hardin, eds.); Traditional Metal Working in Kenya - Scott MacEachern (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)

Archaeology and Sea Level Change on the British Columbia Coast - Quentin Mackie; Daryl Fedje; Duncan McLaren (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2018)

New Perspectives in Canadian Archaeology - Donald MacLeod (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1977)

Gifts from the Ancestors: Ancient Ivories of the Bering Strait - Ian J. MacRae (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)

Moving On: Expanding Perspectives on Athapaskan Migration - Martin P. R. Magne; R. G. Matson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2010)
Our recent book, "Athapaskan Migrations: The Archaeology of Eagle Lake, British Columbia" (Matson and Magne 2007) is mainly a synthesis of the fieldwork conducted on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia between 1979 and 1985 and analyses carried out at that time and more recently. It is also an attempt to place this B.C. material within the context of our knowledge of the large scale Athapaskan migrations across most of western North America. Here we provide clarifications about our research, report recent analytical results, and discuss conceptual advances that we believe can yield increased understanding of migrations.

Understanding Stone Tools: A Cognitive Approach - Martin P.R. Magne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1985)

Archaeological Investigations at Cache Creek (EeRh-3) - Martin Magne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1982)

A Possible Fluteplayer Pictograph Site Near Exshaw, Alberta - Martin P.R. Magne; Michael A. Klassen (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2002)
Thirty-five years ago Thelma Habgood described a faint pictograph at the Grotto Canyon site in southwestern Alberta as a possible “Kokopelli” image. Polarized light photography undertaken in 2001 has greatly enhanced the pictograph panel, clearly revealing a possible fluteplayer motif and anthropomorphs that resemble the southwestern Fremont style. Even though certain elements of the panel may have been created at different times, we conclude that the site may be related to Hopi traditions concerning northward travels of the Flute Clan, although other explanations certainly cannot be discounted.

Art of the Warriors: Rock Art of the American Plains - Martin P.R. Magne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis - Martin P.R. Magne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1992)

Collaborative Public Archaeology in Manitoba: The Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach Project at Brandon University - Mary E. Malainey; Gord Hill; Monique Brandt; Beryth Strong (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)
In collaboration with the Manitoba Archaeological Society (MAS) and Association of Manitoba Museums (AMM), the Department of Anthropology at Brandon University (BU) developed a project in support of rural museums in southwestern Manitoba. The project provided museums with identifications of their precontact artifacts, gave senior undergraduate archaeology students valuable career-related experience and produced a research-quality database of the material held by three rural museums. Student participants were enrolled in a six-week long summer course called 12:441 Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach that was offered for the first time in the summer of 2015. It was deemed a success by the students, participating museums and collaborating organizations. The approach may inspire other university, archaeological society, and museum association partnerships in different parts of Canada. For those interested, a more detailed description and discussion of this project is published in Manitoba Archaeological Journal, Volume 27 and available in the fall of 2017.

Preliminary Geochemical Fingerprinting of Dacite Lithic Artifacts from the British Columbia Interior Plateau - Leanne M. Mallory-Greenough; James Baker; and John D. Greenough (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2002)

The Archaeology of Twentieth-Century Drug Paraphernalia at Her Majesty’s Penitentiary, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador - Madeleine Mant; Akseli Virratvuori; Peter Whitridge; Meghan Burchell (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2023)
The use of cannabis, narcotics, and other intoxicants is widespread within North American prisons, where do-it-yourself instruments are fashioned, used, traded, discarded, and/or confiscated. This cycle contributes to the long-term record of material culture and provides an opportunity to study innovations employed by incarcerated persons. An assemblage of improvised devices for consuming illicit drugs (pipes, syringe, and decoys) from Her Majesty’s Penitentiary (HMP) in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, provides an opportunity to explore the culture of twentieth-century drug consumption at an exceptionally long-lived penal institution. The collection of drug paraphernalia dates between 1971 and 1983 and represents a palimpsest of curated items confiscated by correctional officers. By drawing upon actor-network theory and a folkloric approach to the material assemblage, we situate this local assemblage within the larger carceral context wherein individuals “make do.” These objects speak to longstanding and widely shared technological traditions, an accomplished do-it-yourself ethic amongst those incarcerated, and the complex entanglement of criminality, carceral practices, and drug use.

Breaking Ground: The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and the Unearthing of Tse-whit-zen Village - Chelsea Meloche (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)

Forgotten Things: The Story of the Seymour Valley Archaeology Project - Patricia G. Markert (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2024)

Ordinateurs et Archéologie/ Ethnologie - Roger Marois (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)

Comparative Study of French, English, Spanish and Portuguese Terms Related to Prehistoric Pottery Decoration Techniques - Roger Marois; Edward Jelks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)
This study constitutes an effort to standardize some French, English, Spanish and Portuguese terms related to the technical aspects of prehistoric ceramic decoration, the purpose being to facilitate understanding and comparison of data within the same language and from one language to another. First presented as a working document, this revised study now expresses the views of the Archaeology Work Group, Pan American Institute of Geography and History. The identification of problems, the will to find solutions and the objective contribution of each participant have enabled us to overcome linguistic barriers within the international community. This pooling of human and financial resources resulted in new perspectives on the skill, creativity and aesthetics of prehistoric potters.

The Significance of Beothuck Carved Bone Pendants - Ingeborg Marshall (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1978)
Decorated bone pendants, associated with Beothuck burials excavated in Newfoundland, are briefly described. These objects are compared with those from other carving traditions known ethnographically and archaeologically from the Northeast. It is concluded that the Beothuck specimens are stylized representations of animals and other beings, and that their use may have been associated with spiritual practices.

Equity Issues for Women in Archaeology - Holly Martelle-Hayster (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1996)

Archaeology as Partnerships in Practice: A Reply to La Salle and Hutchings - Andrew Martindale; Natasha Lyons; George Nicholas; Bill Angelbeck; Sean P. Connaughton; Colin Grier; James Herbert; Mike Leon; Yvonne Marshall; Angela Piccini; David M. Schaepe; Kisha Supernant; et al. (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2016)

The Future of History in Archaeology - Andrew Martindale (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2018)

Archaeology and Colonialism: Cultural Contact from 5000 BC to Present (Chris Gosden) and The Archaeology of Contact in Settler Societies - Andrew Martindale (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Northern Tsimshian Elderberry Use in the Late Pre-contact to Post-contact Era - Andrew Martindale; Irena Jurakic (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)
The use of plant resources in two Northern Tsimshian habitation sites-Ginakangeek (GbTh-2) and Psacelay (GbTh-4)-can be mapped from recovered floral seed remains of three berries, most notably red elderberries (Sambucus racemosa). Seed remains recovered from occupational surfaces and midden deposits represent both the spatial distribution of plant-related activities and the relative frequency of plant use through the contact era, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. We argue that these data demonstrate a correspondence between the spatial and social organization of Northern Tsimshian households and present evidence of the changing role of subsistence economics of the extended family network through contact with Europeans and the rise of a market economy.

Introduction: “Community-Oriented Archaeology” - Andrew Martindale; Natasha Lyons (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)

Archaeological Semiotics - Andrew Martindale (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)

Methodological Issues in the Use of Tsimshian Oral Traditions (Adawx) in Archaeology - Andrew Martindale (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)
Tsimshian oral records, called adawx, provide an example of the storytelling capacity within a system that has structuring and, thus, historically translatable referents. Although many can be anticipated, here I focus on chronological order and the creation of a relative sequence of events in the adawx that provide an index to history and the most obvious conjunction to archaeological analyses. I argue that the use of significant moments in history as a means of creating chronological order in oral records may be a universal attribute of cultural historiography that is derived from our use of events as touchstones of memory, a phenomenon that seems to be an aspect of all contextualizations of history.

Archaeology as Federated Knowledge - Andrew Martindale; George P. Nicholas (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)
The content of archaeological theory is both internally diverse and, as an enterprise, situated within an array of interpretive frameworks that account for and explain history and its source, culture. Contemporary archaeology emerges from various cultural contexts, meaning that our ability to identify vulnerabilities to ethnocentrism may be challenging, if it is even considered. Following feminist and indigenous scholarship, we argue that all archaeology is oriented to some community and propose a taxonomy of archaeologies based on cultural proximity between archaeologist and subject, proximity which itself emerges from philosophical concurrence that we attribute to less-discursive forms of knowledge transmission within and between individuals. We conclude that 1) all archaeological approaches to historical causality can be accommodated within a proximate/ultimate distinction, and 2) that different cultural understandings of history are both historically causal and most productively arranged laterally in a federated scheme. We conclude that the primary archaeological ambition, to understand history, is best served by attention to navigation across these borders.

Do Glaciers Listen? Local Knowledge, Colonial Encounters, and Social Imagination - Andrew Martindale (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2008)

The McCluskey site - Ronald J. Mason (Bulletin, 1976)

Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Indian Oral Traditions - Ronald J. Mason (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)

Maple Sugaring Again; or The Dog That Did Nothing in the Night - Carol I. Mason (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1987)
Negative evidence still remains the most important reason for rejecting the aboriginal use of maple sugar in North America.

Practicing Archaeology: A Training Manual for Cultural Resources Archaeology and Cultural Resources Archaeology: An Introduction - Andrew R. Mason (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2003)

Since the Time of the Transformers: The Ancient Heritage of the Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht, and Makah - Andrew Mason (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2001)

Out of the Cold: Archaeology on the Arctic Rim of North America - Liam Frink (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2019)

Feeding Cahokia: Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland - Lindi J. Masur (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2022)

The Identification of Animals on Ontario Iroquois Pipes - Zena Pearlstone Mathews (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)
Zoologists and ornithologists examined photographs of the fauna on more than 500 Ontario Iroquoian smoking pipes. In general they concluded that 1. with a few exceptions, most animals are so stylized that they can only be identified within broad general categories and 2. there appears to be little evidence for some of the identifications made in the past. General problems pertaining to identification are discussed, as well as the possibility that at least some of the beings may represent supernaturals.

Late Quaternary Environmental History Affecting Human History of the Pacific Northwest - William Mathews (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1979)

Investigating "WH": A Nineteenth Century Burial from L'Anse au Loup, Labrador - C. Mathias; S.M. Jerkic (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1995)
The discovery, excavation, and analysis of a human skeleton, a nearly complete set of clothing, and other cultural remains from a burial at L'Anse au Loup, Labrador, in 1987, provide an example of co-ordinated investigation by an osteologist and a conservator. Study of the skeleton and preserved hair indicate the remains to be those of a young adult black male. Loss of an arm may have contributed to his death. Conservation treatment and analysis of the clothing suggest a costume dating to the early nineteenth century. Initials scratched into an associated pocket knife handle and shoe sole provide a clue to identity. Together the work of the osteologist and conservator reveal 'WH' to have been a young black sailor working and dying on the Strait of Belle Isle in the early part of the nineteenth century.

A Complex Culture of the British Columbia Plateau, Traditional Stl'atl'imx Resource Use - R. G. Matson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1994)

Household Archaeology on the Northwest Coast - R. G. Matson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)

Analysis of Artifacts From Four Duke Point Area Sites, Near Nanaimo, B.C.; an Example of Cultural Continuity in the Southern Gulf of Georgia Region - R. G. Matson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1987)

Chaco and After in the Northern San Juan: Excavation at the Bluff Great House - R. G. Matson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)

Canadian Contributions to Mesoamerican Gender Studies - Geoffrey G. McCafferty; Sharisse D. McCafferty (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)
Fifty years ago archaeologists called for a more anthropological perspective on the archaeological past; 25 years later a handful of archaeologists began the investigation of an engendered past. Due to the rich archaeological, ethnohistorical, and art historical evidence available for the study of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, this region has been the subject of numerous gender studies. Scholars from the University of Calgary have been at the forefront of this movement, beginning with the 1989 Chacmool conference, The Archaeology of Gender, the first international gathering on the subject. The theme was recently revisited with the Que(e)rying Archaeology conference. This paper outlines Canadian contributions to the field of Mesoamerican gender.

Conservation archaeology in the Canadian Arctic - Allen P. McCartney (Bulletin, 1976)

A Thule Eskimo Stone Vessel Complex - Allen P. McCartney; James M. Savelle (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1989)
Diabase picks with ground tips were found at two Thule Eskimo sites (A.D. 1100-1300) in the central Canadian Arctic. These picks were probably used to manufacture stone cooking vessels of local dolomite. Similar pecked dolomite surfaces can be created experimentally with hand-held or hafted diabase picks. This Thule vessel manufacturing technique is similar to that used in shaping steatite vessels in the eastern and western U.S. Dolomite vessels appear most frequently at Thule sites in the central Canadian Arctic, whereas pottery vessels are common in the western Arctic and steatite vessels are common in the eastern Arctic. Local dolomite was probably used for containers where pottery and steatite were available in only limited quantity. Heavy dolomite vessels would typically be left at permanent winter village sites when Thule Eskimos left for spring-summer activities elsewhere. The presence of nonlocal pottery and steatite at these and similar sites reflects widespread trade networks for the movement of these materials.

The Tozer Site Revisited: Implications for the Early Woodland Period in New Brunswick - Paul McEachen; Patricia Allen; Patrick Julig; Darrel G.F. Long (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)

Who Owns Prehistory. The Bering Land Bridge Dilemma - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1989)
Prehistoric archaeologists are confronted by a growing world-wide movement by indigenous peoples to reclaim their history and heritage. In some countries, this movement has resulted in significantly decreased access by archaeologists to the basic data of their study. Recent statements by Canadian Indian leaders indicate that prehistoric archaeology in Canada may soon be similarly constrained. The argument for such constraint will be based on the contention that archaeological interpretations of the past denigrate native cultural heritage and belief, and contribute to the cultural and social problems of contemporary native communities. Archaeologists should be aware of the divergences between archaeological interpretations of the past and those of native leaders; the question of Indian origins is discussed as an example of such divergence.

The Norse Discovery of America - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1988)

Ivory for the Sea Woman: The Symbolic Attributes of a Prehistoric Technology - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1977)
An attempt is made to document the differential use of ivory and antler by craftsmen of the prehistoric Thule culture, the ancestors of the Arctic Inuit. The association of particular materials with certain classes of artifacts suggests that selection of raw materials may have involved other than empirically functional criteria. It is suggested that these materials may have had symbolic, as well as purely functional, attributes in the minds of Thule craftsmen, and that these attributes may have been part of a symbolic system ancestral to that which can be derived from an interpretation of historic Inuit myth and custom.

An individual view of Canadian Eskimo prehistory - Robert McGhee (Bulletin, 1975)

Parsimony isn’t everything: An alternative view of Eskaleutian linguistics and prehistory - Robert McGhee (Bulletin, 1976)

The Past Ten Years in Canadian Arctic Prehistory - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1982)

Honoring our Elders: A History of Eastern Arctic Archaeology - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2003)

Technological Change in the Prehistoric Eskimo Cultural Tradition - Robert McGhee (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1980)
Archaeologists generally interpret technological change on the level of “industries” in functional terms, based on judgements of relative efficiency. Changes in several industries (chipped stone, ground slate, ceramics, bone) are traced through the 4000 year Eskimo cultural tradition, The patterns of technological development and replacement seen in these industries do not closely fit the models of technological change which we would expect if functional utility was the only factor causing change. It is argued that changes in technological industries may be usefully interpreted in terms of concepts such as “style”. In pre-Industrial societies in which most people are both craftsmen and consumers of their own craft items, archaeological interpretation might usefully place more emphasis on individuals as craftsmen rather than solely as consumers of the most functionally efficient artifacts available to them.

Relict Shorelines and Shell Middens of the Dundas Island Archipelago - Duncan McLaren; Andrew Martindale; Daryl Fedje; Quentin Mackie (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)
The Dundas Island Archipelago of north coastal British Columbia lies close to a sea level “hinge” between two regions with very different sea level histories during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition: as much as a 200 m vertical shoreline regression to the east and a 150 m vertical shoreline transgression to the west. Based on diatom identifications from lake-basin cores, combined with supporting relative sea level indicators, we developed a sea level curve for the Dundas Islands which shows a slow regression of shorelines from +13 m down to modern levels over the last 12,000 years. This sea level history was used to aid survey for archaeological sites dating to the pre-5000 B.P. period. Test excavation and sampling of these sites showed occupation along the regressive shoreline beginning as early as 9690 B.P. The elevations, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon ages of the archaeological materials are consistent with the relative sea level curve based on palaeo-environmental data points. This research methodology has yielded the first early Holocene archaeological data from Coast Tsimshian territory with potential to push the archaeological record back into the Pleistocene epoch.

Lost World: Rewriting Prehistory — How New Science is Tracing America's Ice Age Mariners - Alan D. McMillan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2003)

These Outer Shores: Archaeological Insights into Indigenous Lifeways Along the Exposed Coasts of British Columbia - Katherine Patton (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2018)

Monterey Shells and Trade Copper: A Glimpse into the Early Contact Period from a Nuu-Chah-Nulth Outer-Coast Lookout Site - Alan D. McMillan; Denis E. St. Claire (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2021)
The Nuu-chah-nulth of western Vancouver Island used lookout sites on small outer-coast islands to observe the movements of sea mammals and canoes, and later the trading ships arriving with cargoes of new goods. A trench excavated across the upper surface of one such site yielded an artifact assemblage typical of late Nuu-chah-nulth sites, along with radiocarbon dates indicating use over the few centuries prior to contact with Europeans. Three artifacts of introduced materials reveal that this location continued in use into the early decades of contact. Copper and California abalone shells (“Monterey shells”) were two of the earliest and most important trade materials during the maritime fur trade. Indigenous demand was for the raw material, which was re-worked into decorative items of traditional form. The excavation results provide a rare glimpse into this early contact period, with no admixture of later manufactured objects. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources provide context to interpret these discoveries.

Visual Punning and the Whale's Tail: AMS Dating of a Marpole-Age Art Object - Alan D. McMillan; D.E. Nelson (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1989)

The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries - Alan D. McMillan (Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2012)

Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7, Northwest Coast - Alan D. McMillan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1991)

The Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex: The Rockshelter (45CA21), 1,000–100 B.P., Olympic Peninsula, Washington - Alan D. McMillan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)

Changing Views of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History: Evidence of Population Replacement in Barkley sound - Alan D. McMillan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)
Most reconstructions of Nuu-chah-nulth culture history, including the generalized West Coast culture type, are based primarily on the lengthy cultural sequence known from Yuquot, at the entrance to Nootka Sound. More recent work further to the south has raised questions about past interpretations. Excavations at Ch'uumat'a, in western Barkley Sound, revealed an occupational history spanning much the same time period as Yuquot. Materials from the earlier levels at this site most closely resemble those known from the Strait of Georgia, particularly in the Locarno Beach stage, suggesting a long period of occupation prior to Nuu-chah-nulth arrival.

A History of the Native People of Canada (10,000 to 1,000 B.C.), Vol.1. - Alan D. McMillan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)

Exploring Variability in Maritime Resource Use on the Northwest Coast: A Case Study from Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island - Alan D. McMillan; Iain McKechnie; Denis E. St. Claire; S. Gay Frederick (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2008)
Understanding the broad patterns of cultural processes on the Northwest Coast requires specific studies of local variability. This paper draws on ethnographic and archaeological data to examine changing patterns of maritime resource use in one locality: Barkley Sound, western Vancouver Island. We examine three excavated village sites, focusing on Ts’ishaa (DfSi–16 and –17). Large village communities emerged on an economic base characterized by a wide range of marine resources. Salmon, however, played a relatively minor role in the economy until the final precontact stage (ca. 750 to 300 cal BP), when it increased considerably in importance. Various lines of evidence suggest that this shift reflects changing resource use and territorial access in Barkley Sound as local groups amalgamated and adopted a seasonal pattern of mobility.

Dive Ontario! The Complete Guide to Shipwrecks and Scuba Diving in Ontario - Scott McWilliam (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1991)

Applying a Bayesian Approach in the Northeastern North American Context: Reassessment of the Temporal Boundaries of the “Pseudo-Scallop Shell Interaction Sphere” - Ronan Méhault (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2017)
In Europe, especially for studies focusing on Palaeolithic rock shelters, Bayesian chronological modelling is gaining in popularity. In northeastern North America, conditions are usually less than optimal for applying this type of modelling, as archaeological sites are often poorly stratified and subject to substantial pedoturbation. Notwithstanding these impediments, I show that a Bayesian approach remains applicable, provided sufficient and high quality information pertaining to the stratigraphy and the datable samples is gathered beforehand. This is illustrated through a case study dedicated to the “Pseudo-Scallop Shell (PSS) interaction sphere” (Méhault 2015, 2017). The posterior distributions obtained for each of its 14 regional composites generally exceed the regional start boundaries commonly attached to the Middle Woodland period, suggesting that the PSS interaction sphere overlaps with the preceding period (i.e., Early Woodland). Only in its westernmost expression (i.e., in the Laurel culture) does the PSS interaction sphere seem to persist during the Late Woodland period.

Mammal Bone Ornaments and Sub-Adult Burials: A Possible Association in the Late Woodland Period of Manitoba - C. Meiklejohn; A.P. Buchner; R.T. Callaghan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1994)
A number of distinctive bone artifacts from Manitoba are described and discussed. Associational, contextual and radiocarbon data are used to suggest that these objects were part of a pre-interment mortuary ritual specific to pre-adult members of various Late Woodland (and possibly late Middle Woodland) peoples of the Midcontinent.

Advances in the Contribution of Physical Anthropology to Archaeology in Canada: the Past Decade - Jerry Melbye (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1982)

Recent Advances in Biochemical Analysis of Human Skeletons: The Collection and Presentation of Samples - Jerry Melbye (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1984)
There is a rapidly expanding technology in the biochemical analysis of human bone tissue. Especially, new techniques in trace element analysis and stable isotope analysis are providing the archaeologist direct evidence of palaeonutrition. The collection and preservation of bony tissue, however, is far from uniform, and the widespread practice of human skeletal re-burial has added new urgency to the problem. An outline is proposed for the collection of samples for future analysis.

Repatriation and Erasing the Past - Chelsea H. Meloche; Laure Spake; Katherine L. Nichols (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2021)

Embedded Craft Production at the Late Pre-Columbian (A.D. 900–1522) Community of He-4 (El Hatillo), Central Region of Panama - Adam C. J. Menzies; Mikael J. Haller (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)
Investigation into the production and distribution of craft goods has long been an important focus in archaeological research. This is partly due to the pattern of increasing labour specialization correlated with increasing disparities in socioeconomic inequality—an important transition in human history. This paper focuses on existing systems of social hierarchy and how craft specialization shaped domestic activities and social position. More specifically, we examine embedded production at the late pre-Columbian center of He-4 in the Central Region of Panama and argue that it played an important role in maintaining elite access to prestige goods. Through a consideration of the social context of production in elite households, it is argued that embedded specialization is more likely to develop during periods of intense sociopolitical competition.

Pour une typologie stylistique chrono-thématique des faïences françaises retrouvées dans les anciennes colonies d’Amérique (XVIIe–XVIIIe s.) - Laetitia Métreau; Jean Rosen; Caroline Girard; Réginald Auger (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2016)
North-American typologies for identifying and dating French faience, i.e., French tin-glazed earthenware (seventeenth– eighteenth centuries) from colonial contexts are based on restrictive and often misleading regional categories that can lead to erroneous interpretations. Since the 1980s, the archaeology of French production sites aided by archaeometric studies revealed that: first, the faience production landscape was more complex than it seemed but also that the shape/decoration-production centre correlation was not appropriate to identify the productions. As a result of our research on the reference collection of Place-Royale in Quebec City, we suggest the use of 19 alternative chrono-thematic types. Furthermore, we should take into consideration three times more probable areas of production and harmonize the vocabulary used on both sides of the Atlantic, basing it on visual stylistic and descriptive comparisons rather than on geographical criteria.

Through the Woods Whare Thare Ware Now Track Ways*: Kelsey, Henday and Trails in East Central Saskatchewan - David Meyer; Dale Russell (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)
Henry Kelsey and Anthony Henday were Hudson's Bay Company employees who traveled through east-central Saskatchewan in 1690-1692 and 1754-1755, respectively, but their actual routes are uncertain. We have approached this problem by reconstructing the regional 18th-century Aboriginal sociopolitical groups and their travelways. With this information, and route descriptions and place names provided by Kelsey and Henday, we propose the most likely routes they traveled through the lands of the Basquia, Sturgeon, and Pegogamaw Crees. Within these lands, a network of trails and waterways led to hunting and gathering areas, to spiritually charged sites, and to seasonal meeting places. Trails also led between these nations and it appears that Kelsey was escorted along a major trail that connected the Basquia and Sturgeon while Henday was taken along one that led between the Basquia and Pegogamaw Crees. In east-central Saskatchewan, a number of prominent archaeological sites have been recorded on or near some of these ancient trails. The existence of such travelways and their relationships to ancient cultural landscapes should be considered carefully in the course of ongoing archaeological fieldwork in this region.

First Peoples in Canada - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2005)

Late Woodland Pottery from the Goldsworthy Site: A Rainy River Assemblage in East Central Saskatchewan - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)
The Goldsworthy site, located in east central Saskatchewan, is associated with ancient fishing weirs on the Barrier River, an upper tributary of the Red Deer River. Most of this very large site is presently a cultivated field and, for several decades now, it has been subjected to surface collecting by both professional and avocational archaeologists, as well as souvenir hunters. The large artifact recoveries include some hundreds of potsherds, the bulk of which can be assigned to the Late Woodland period and the results of the study of this material are presented here. A small amount of this pottery is Blackduck, Selkirk and Mortlach; however, most of it (representing 38 vessels) has been identified as Duck Bay ware of the Rainy River composite, best known from Lakes Winnipegosis and Manitoba to the east. While the Duck Bay Stamp type is represented by only one vessel, the Duck Bay Notched, Duck Bay Decorated Lip and Duck Bay Undecorated vessels are well represented. Significantly, a subset of seven vessels has Selkirk traits - particularly decoration by a single punctate row on the outer rim or neck. Six of these vessels are identified as Rainy River-Selkirk syncretisms and are considered to reflect the strong presence of Selkirk along and about the Saskatchewan River valley to the north. The Goldsworthy site is proposed as an ingathering centre at which the members of a regional band came together during the spring fishery. Based on the pottery, the members of this band are identified as the most westerly of those peoples who produced Rainy River composite material culture. Since this regional band occupied the Red Deer River basin, there was a direct water route to Lake Winnipegosis, and evidently this facilitated ongoing interaction with culturally related peoples there.

A component in the Scottsbluff Tradition: Excavations at the Niska Site - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1985)
The Niska site (DkNu-3) is situated in southwestern Saskatchewan, about midway between the towns of Ponteix and Aneroid. Cultivation and subsequent wind erosion have resulted in the disturbance and exposure of a substantial Paleo-Indian component here. A number of artifacts, obviously related to the Cody complex, were collected here in the 1970's and early 1980's by a local avocational archaeologist, Henri Liboiron. These tools included two stemmed projectile points, four Cody knives, and numerous endscrapers (several with lateral spurs). Testing of this site area by Saskatchewan Research Council archaeologists in 1982 resulted in the identification of some remaining areas of intact Paleo-Indian occupation. Since these archaeological remains appear to be of considerable significance and as they were in danger of disturbance due to cultivation and wind erosion, a small-scale excavation was conducted here in May of 1983. Two ares of in situ Paleo-Indian occupational remains were exposed. These remains were positioned within a well-defined paleosol in an area of aeolian sand deposits. Three projectile point stems were found in the course of excavation as well as six endscrapers, a combination perforator/concave uniface and much debitage. Like the tools, the latter was of fine-grained siliceous materials, including brown chalcedony (Knife River Flint), porcellanite and jasper. Faunal remains were numerous, albeit fragmentary; the latter condition a result of deliberate breakage by the site occupants, followed by deterioration through time. Those remains which could be identified to species were all bison. One of the excavation blocks exposed much of a well defined habitation area, centred on a concentration of burned and calcined bone fragments which is interpreted as a hearth location. A knapping area was situated on the north side of this hearth while an endscraper, a point stem fragment and many raw bone fragments on the south side of the hearth provide evidence of other activities there. Flecks and larger bits of a red paint material were scattered across the habitation area. Raw bone from this excavation block has been dated to 7,165 B.P. while a paleosol sample has dated at 7,000 B.P. These dates are considered to be at least a millenium too recent. While the Niska site assemblage is obviously within the 'Scottsbluff Tradition', the style of its projectile points differentiates it from described complexes such as Cody and Little Gem. Questions remain, therefore, regarding the dating of this Paleo-Indian component and its cultural relationship to other complexes in the Scottsbluff Tradition.

The Uncovered Past: Roots of Northern Alberta Societies - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1997)

The Boss Hill Site (FdPe-4) Locality 2: Pre-Archaic Manifestations in the Parkland of Central Alberta, Canada - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)

The River House Complex: Middle Woodland on the Northwestern Periphery - David Meyer; Peggy McKeand; J. Michael Quigg; Gary Wowchuk (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2008)
Excavations at three sites in east central Saskatchewan have produced Middle Woodland assemblages that have been employed to describe the River House complex. Surface collections and smaller scale excavations in eastern Saskatchewan, as well as surface collections from the Swan River region of adjacent Manitoba, provide evidence that this complex is present in a broad region straddling the inter-provincial border. The associated pottery was sometimes decorated with punctates and/or bosses, or with complex motifs of cord-wrapped stick impressions. With this pottery are side-notched and triangular arrowheads, bifacial cutting tools, endscrapers and ground stone celts. The excavated faunal remains reflect occupation during open water seasons. Radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates indicate a time range of ca. AD 800–1200. The closest cultural relationships of the River House complex are with late Laurel complexes in the forests of Manitoba, northwestern Ontario and adjacent Minnesota. However, there is also evidence for regular interaction with peoples of Avonlea culture.

The Mudrick Site: Selkirk in the Saskatchewan Parklands - David Meyer; Smith, Thomas R. (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2010)
The Mudrick site, located in the aspen parkland of north central Saskatchewan, was surface collected by Thomas Smith and Victor Vigrass in the 1950s and 1960s. They recovered hundreds of potsherds as well as arrowheads, end scrapers, biface knives and two ground stone celts. The majority of the 18 vessels represented by the potsherds are Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware, characteristic of the Selkirk composite. Selkirk components are common in the northern forests but rare in the parklands of Saskatchewan. The southward move of forest-adapted people appears to have been facilitated by amicable social and political relations with parkland residents as indicated by the presence of some Wascana and Mortlach pottery as well as southern lithic materials in the Mudrick assemblage. This southward movement during Selkirk times (ca. A.D. 1300–1700) appears to presage the expansion onto the Plains of forest peoples (Crees) in the subsequent fur trade period.

Alberta Plains Prehistory. A Review and Brink: Dog Days in Southern Alberta - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1990)

6100 B.P. at the Below Forks Site (FhNg-25), Central Saskatchewan - David Meyer; Jenna S. Johnston; Steven C. Kasstan; Laura Roskowski-Nuttall (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2016)
The Below Forks site (FhNg-25) is situated on a point bar terrace in the Saskatchewan River valley. The deepest component, dated to 6100 B.P., was focused on a hearth in association with thousands of pieces of debitage and faunal fragments. It produced a Gowen type point and a variety of stone tools, including grinding stones. Hide processing, core reduction and preform shaping were major activities, with most of the lithic materials procured from deposits of cobbles lining the river’s edge. The diverse biotic communities of the site area, as indicated by geoarchaeological studies, as well as the abundant lithics, produced a rich environmental “patch”. Immature bison remains suggest a spring or early summer occupation and it appears that the site occupants travelled here to replenish their toolstone depleted in the course of the winter. Below Forks was a locale occupied by the members of a well-established, successful regional society in the course of their seasonal movements through a large section of central Saskatchewan.

Reply to Pettipas' Comments - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)

The Pendant Stones of Pasquatinow - David Meyer; Patrick Young (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)
Seven trapezoidal stone pendants have been recovered from an exposed hearth at Pasquatinow, a traditional Aboriginal habitation location on the Saskatchewan River in east-central Saskatchewan. The suspension holes were produced with a metal bit, evidence that these pieces date to historic times. Such stone pendants are a unique occurrence in the archaeological record of central Saskatchewan, although a shell pendant has been recovered from a regional Selkirk site and metal pendants are present in fur trade posts dating to the late 1700s. Trapezoidal pendants of stone, bone, and shell have been recovered in late precontact and protocontact contexts on the Plains to the south of Pasquatinow. Historically, those made in Middle Missouri villages were of glass and functioned in the context of certain ritual observances. The Pasquatinow pendants may have played a part in a similar complex of spiritual beliefs.

The Archaeology of the Wenesaga Rapids - David Meyer (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1987)

More than Meets the Eye: Reconsidering Variability in Iroquoian Ceramics - Kostalena Michelaki (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)
This paper presents an approach to the analysis of Iroquoian ceramics that goes beyond the traditional normative creation of ethno-chronological typologies to consider pottery as a dynamic material shaped by, and in turn shaping, complex webs of human and material interactions. To accomplish this goal I consider how the shell-tempered pots that appeared in some Neutral Iroquoian villages in the late 16th and 17th centuries AD have been interpreted. I discuss both the hypothesis that they had been made by Fire Nation captives-a typical interpretation in Ontario archaeological writings-and the possibility that they were better suited for cooking maize-an interpretation appearing in archaeometric considerations of northeastern North American shell-tempered pottery. I argue that both interpretations are limited and offer instead an approach inspired by recent writings in ethnoarchaeological ceramic studies, social theory, and the social nature of technology.

Strangers No More: Kinship, Clanship, and the Incorporation of Newcomers in Northern Iroquoia - Jonathan Micon; Jennifer Birch; Ronald F. Williamson; Louis Lesage (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2021)
In this paper, we consider how institutions of kinship facilitated the integration of peoples originating in the St. Lawrence Valley into ancestral Huron-Wendat communities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD. We present some general principles regarding the role of kinship in structuring social relations, processes of population movement, and the integration of newcomers. Data on the distributions and frequencies of characteristic St. Lawrence Iroquoian artifacts on four ancestral Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, Canada are utilized to infer the scale of population movement and processes of incorporation into lineages and clan segments. We argue that interpretive frameworks that explicitly incorporate categories and institutions of relatedness with traditional material culture analyses can shed new light on how groups of newcomers of varying scale and composition were integrated into Huron-Wendat households and communities.

Introduction to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium - J.F.V. Millar (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)

Preface to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium - J.F.V. Millar (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)

The Oxbow Complex: 1980 Perspectives - J.F.V. Millar (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)

Mortuary Practices of the Oxbow Complex - J.F.V. Millar (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1981)
Using data from the Greenwater Lake, St. Denis and Gray burial sites in Saskatchewan, Oxbow burial patterns are described, and inferences made concerning demography, community patterns, seasonal movements and religious beliefs.

Le système économique Micmac: perspective ethnohistorique au XVIIe siècle - Virginia P. Miller (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)

The First Rocky Mountaineers: Coloradans Before Colorado - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2015)

Neolithic - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)

Survival by Hunting: Prehistoric Human Predators and Animal Prey - Laurie A. Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2005)

Aboriginal Resource Use in Canada: Historical and Legal Aspects - Laurie A. Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1995)

Kenneth Chapman’s Santa Fe: Artists and Archaeologists, 1907-1931: The Memoirs of Kenneth Chapman - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)

The Origins and Spread of Domestic Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)

Polities and Power: Archaeological Perspectives on the Landscapes of Early States - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)

The Archaeology of Class in Urban America - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2007)

Archaeological Theory in Practice - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2013)

Dame Kathleen Kenyon: Digging Up the Holy Land - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)

2000 Years of Mayan Literature - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)

Mesolithic Europe - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2010)

Technology and Tradition in the Eastern Arctic, 2500 BC–AD 1200: A Dynamic Technological Investigation of Lithic Assemblages from the Palaeo-Eskimo Traditions of Greenland - S. Brooke Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2013)

Plains Indians, A.D. 500-1500: The Archaeological Past of Historic Groups (K.H. Schlesier, ed.) and Postprocessual Critique - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1996)

Archaeology on the Great Plains - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2000)

Kenneth Milton Chapman: A Life Dedicated to Indian Arts and Artists - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)

Desert Peoples: Archaeological Perspectives - Laurie A. Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Debitage Sample Size and its Implications for Understanding Lithic Assemblage Variability - S. Brooke Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2009)
When conducting lithic debitage analyses, archaeologists commonly draw study samples from larger assemblages rather than examining every single flake. However, the size of these samples and the methods used to draw them are variable. This paper examines how unsystematic sampling procedures used in debitage analysis can skew site interpretations. An alternative sampling strategy devised specifically for measuring debitage variability is proposed. To test its effectiveness, this strategy is applied to the Sandy Point (LlDv–10) debitage assemblage. Results obtained from a 100 percent sample, a sample drawn using the proposed method, and a 20 percent disproportionate stratified random sample are compared. This comparison indicates a sample drawn using the proposed strategy yields results that are entirely consistent with those derived from studying the entire assemblage. Furthermore, it demonstrates that samples drawn using randomly selected percentages are frequently inadequate thus increasing the potential of yielding spurious results.

A Re-Evaluation of the Oxbow Dam Site (DhMn–1): Middle Holocene Cultural Continuity on the Northern Plains - Laurie A. Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)

Findings: The Material Culture of Needlework and Sewing - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2008)

Saahkómaapína (Boy Chief) – EeOv–68 - Laurie A. Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)

When Worlds Collide: Hunter-Gatherer World-System Change in the 19th Century Canadian Arctic - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)

Dorset Culture Land Use Strategies and the Case of Inland Southern Baffin Island - S. Brooke Milne; Robert W. Park; Douglas R. Stenton (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)
The Dorset Palaeo-Eskimos are traditionally interpreted as specialized marine hunters whose adaptation focused on the exploitation of coastal resources. Accordingly, archaeologists have assumed that the inland/coastal seasonal mobility that characterized their Pre-Dorset predecessors decreased significantly, if not altogether, and that the terrestrial ecosystem figured less prominently in the Dorset way of life. However, several inland Dorset sites identified in the deep interior of southern Baffin Island appear to contradict this assumption; this paper describes these sites and their associated remains. Based on this information, it appears that Dorset populations in this region continued to travel long distances to the deep interior where they intensively hunted caribou and exploited local lithic resources.

Crafting History in the Northern Plains: A Political Economy of the Heart River Region, 1400–1750 - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)

Archaeology on the Edge: New Perspectives from the Northern Plains - Laurie Milne (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2005)

Chert Sourcing and Palaeo-Eskimo Raw Material Use in the Interior of Southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada - S. Brooke Milne; Robert W. Park; Anne C. Hamilton; Mostafa J. Fayek (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2011)
In the eastern Canadian Arctic, a shift in toolstone selection strategies from Pre-Dorset (4500–2800 B.P.) to Dorset (2500– 1000 B.P.) has been interpreted as one line of evidence indicating culture change within the Palaeo-Eskimo continuum. Pre-Dorset toolmakers appear to have relied on readily available local cherts while Dorset toolmakers were more discriminating, frequently using scarce or non-local toolstones such as chalcedony from northern Labrador, crystal quartz, and nephrite, among others. Our recent analysis of a debitage assemblage from LeDx-42, a multi-component Palaeo-Eskimo site located in the interior of southern Baffin Island, aimed to see if similar raw material signatures could be isolated using a newly developed methodological approach for sourcing chert toolstone. One of our objectives in this preliminary study was to evaluate if diversity in chert selection strategies could be used as a proxy to assess possible links between cultural affiliation and activity areas within the site. This paper describes the sourcing protocol and discusses our results as they relate to the Palaeo-Eskimo exploitation of chert toolstone at LeDx-42.

Charcoal Analysis Reveals Dorset Use and Selection of Firewood at Phillip’s Garden, Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada - Jason Miszaniec; Trevor Bell (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2019)
This paper reports Dorset (800 BC–AD 1300) firewood use and selection at the Phillip’s Garden site (EeBi-1), northwestern Newfoundland, Canada. Charcoal fragments from five semi-subterranean dwellings and one midden were predominantly fir (Abies sp.) and spruce (Picea sp.). These genera dominate the modern forest, contemporary driftwood accumulations, and the prehistoric tree pollen record for the region. These data suggest that Dorset collected firewood according to the principle of least effort from nearby sources.

Material Culture of Breweries - Nina Mittendorf (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2012)

Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica - Nina Mittendorf (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2013)

Prehistoric Intertidal Fish Traps from Central Southeast Alaska - Charles M. Mobley; W. Mark McCallum (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2001)
Four intertidal archaeological sites near Petersburg, southeast Alaska, are described and compared to shed light on how such features functioned. The Sandy Beach, Woody Island, McDonald Arm, and Blind Slough sites contain wood-stake and rock alignments representing the remains of fish traps. Each trap consists of two leads funneling into a circular or heart-shaped' enclosure. Multiple fish species, including salmon, were likely harvested. The technology was employed for centuries, between 1,100 and 2,300 years ago. While hundreds of sites with intertidal wood-stake and rock alignments have been recorded at coastal sites in Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and southeast Alaska, few display evidence of an enclosure. The Petersburg sites allow more detailed inspection of prehistoric fishing technology in the Northwest Coast culture area, and may help explain how intertidal wood-stake and rock alignments functioned at other sites where only fragments of the leads remain.'

Protein Concentrations in the Taber Child Skeleton: Probable Evidence for a Late Chronology - E.A. Moffatt; I.N.M. Wainwright (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)
Protein has been determined in fragments of the Taber Child by infrared spectrophotometry. A comparative study indicated that the protein content was consistent with the specimen being less than 10,000 years old. Infrared spectrophotometry has general applicability for the analysis of bone material in the screening of specimens prior to radiocarbon dating, in determining the relative age of material from a stratum, and in examining bones consolidated with synthetic resins.

The Aboriginal Rock Paintings of The Churchill River - Brian Molyneux (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)

Prey as Bait: the Deep Bay Example - Gregory G. Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1987)
This paper introduces the concept of 'prey as bait' in which human groups exploit predatory relations among economically important species in a food chain. The food resource procurement strategy based on this concept is seen as an alternative to specialized acquisition of generally abundant species such as Pacific salmon. The Deep Bay site illustrates how predator-prey relationships were exploited by a prehistoric Northwest Coast group, and the implications of this strategy for understanding subsistence systems and Northwest Coast prehistory are discussed.

Structural Considerations of Métis Ethnicity: An Archaeological, Architectural and Historical Study - Greg Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1997)

Archaeological Investigations at the Delorme House (DkLg–18), 1981 - Gregory G. Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1984)

Introducing Manitoba Archaeology - Gregory Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)

The Fauna from Ma’acoah (DfSi–5), Vancouver Island, British Columbia: An Interpretive Summary - Gregory G. Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2006)
This paper summarizes the results of basic faunal identification and quantification at the Ma’acoah Site (DfSi–5) from Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Trends in faunal exploitation over time within the site are considered, and the relation of this assemblage to those of neighbouring sites is discussed. Three periods of faunal deposition are noted, with the most recent showing a dramatic increase in the abundance of taxa that are ethnographically described as important to the Nuu-chah-nulth. In particular, the recent increase in salmon and herring and corresponding decline in rockfish is noted. The data suggest that complex demographic and social processes have been ongoing among the Nuu-chah-nulth and that their subsistence and settlement patterns are equally complex and variable over time and space.

The Garden Site: a Historical and Archaeological Study of a Nineteenth Century Metis Farmstead - Gregory G. Monks (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)

Uncovering Submerged Landscapes: Towards a GIS Method for Locating Submerged Archaeology in Southeast Alaska - William T. D. Wadsworth (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2019)

Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies - Kelly Rose Bale Monteleone (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2013)

Classification and Typologies of Stone Celts in British Columbia - Jesse Morin (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2015)
This paper presents three typologies of stone celts from British Columbia based on morphology, mineralogy and culture historical affiliation. These typologies should aid archaeologists in classifying celts and understanding their regional patterns of distribution. This study is based on a large sample of celts (n = 1,374) from more than 139 archaeological sites across British Columbia. Mineralogical identification of celts was undertaken using Near-Infrared Spectrometry (NIR). Celt manufacturing technique was found to be closely associated with the raw material used. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Unexpectedly, the Canadian Plateau provided the best evidence for the use of a special type of very large nephrite/jade celts as prestige goods. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Celt abundance was found to vary markedly over the last 3,500 years in the Salish Sea region, with a notable dearth of celts contemporaneous to the depopulation of the Mid-Fraser region around 1000 B.P. This evidence underscores the importance of the appropriate scale of analysis when interpreting local patterns of cultural change.

Cutting Edges and Salmon Skin: Variation in Salmon Processing Technology on the Northwest Coast - Jesse Morin (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)
This article examines differences in prehistoric Northwest Coast technologies primarily by means of an experimental study in salmon butchering. Five prehistoric and ethnographic tool types-bifacial knives, cobble spalls, ground slate knives, ground mussel shell knives, and hafted microflakes-were replicated and then used to process quantities of salmon for drying. A design theory framework is used in conjunction with basic experimental methods in an attempt to understand and explain various constraints influencing dominance of each tool type in a particular region. It is hypothesized that some tools only functioned for one or a few of the discrete tasks required to properly process a salmon, and that combinations of such tools must have been used in the past to process salmon for preservation. It is further argued that the distribution of particular tool types was influenced by raw material availability, timing of salmon runs, and intensity of harvesting and preservation.

Bone Modification - Richard E. Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1991)

Fluted Point Makers and the Extinction of the Arctic-Steppe Biome in Eastern Beringia - Richard E. Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1977)
Data and inferences concerning the Late Pleistocene extinction of the Arctic-Steppe biome in eastern Beringia are summarized, and their implications for early man in the New World are examined. A possible link is noted between these extinction phenomena and the sudden widespread appearance of fluted points in interior North America. Various aspects of this problem, including the ecology of the Mackenzie Corridor, the various possible causes of cxtinction, and the question of archaeological visibility, are discussed with respect to the current need for more and better information on many aspects of Paleoindian research.

Rodent Bones in Archaeological Sites - Richard E. Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1994)

Out of the Past. Digs and Artifacts in the Saskatoon Area - Richard E. Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1990)

Counts and Estimates of Taxonomic Abundance in Faunal Remains: Microtine Rodents from Bluefish Cave I - Richard E. Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1983)
Widely advertised theoretical and methodological deficiencies in counts of identified specimens (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI) have prompted a search for alternate methods of estimating taxonomic abundance in faunal remains. Most proposed alternatives have merely represented modifications or 'refinements' of the MNI count outlined by Theodore White thirty years ago (White 1953). Modifications by Chaplin (1971) and Krantz (1968) are examined in this paper. Recently, an alternative, based on the Peterson index, has been proposed by Fieller and Turner (1982). Based on capture-recapture techniques used in the biological sciences, the Peterson index is superior to other proposed methods, because it is statistically well founded on the hypergeometric distribution and can be framed by data-based confidence intervals. Despite these advantages, the actual use of this estimate is limited by a number of practical exigencies that will undoubtedly force zooarchaeologists to continue to use NISP and MNI counts as abundance measurements of last resort. The assumptions and requirements for the use of the Peterson index, and the 'behaviour' of this variable as compared with NISP and the methods of White, Chaplin, and Krantz, are illustrated with microtine rodent data from Bluefish Cave I, northern Yukon Territory.

Toward the Definition of a Prehistoric Athabaskan Culture - Richard E. Morlan (Bulletin, 1970)

Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database: Establishing Conventional Ages - Richard Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1999)
A digital database of radiocarbon dates from Canadian archaeological and vertebrate paleontological sites addresses the need to correct some dates for the effects of isotopic fractionation. Such a correction, called normalization, was included by Stuiver and Polach (1977) in their definition of conventional age. The correction formulae proposed by Stuiver and Polach are evaluated in the light of approximately 800 measurements of delta 13C reported during the last two decades. The measurements provide good support for the formulae which are adopted, with minor modifications, to normalize ages in the Canadian database.

Introductory Remarks - Richard E. Morlan (Bulletin, 1970)

Journey to the Ice Age: Discovering an Ancient World - Richard Morlan (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 2004)

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dates on Bones from Old Crow Basin, Northern Yukon Territory - R.E. Morlan; D.E. Nelson; T.A. Brown; J.S. Vogel; J.R. Southon (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1990)
Fifty-five radiocarbon dates have been obtained on 38 specimens of bone, antler, and tusk from the Old Crow region of northern Yukon Territory. The results strengthen chronological control on the local mid-Wisconsinan geological history and contribute to paleobiological studies of the taxa dated. Most of the dates were taken on bones that were altered when fresh in ways suggestive of tool production. We interpret the distribution of these samples as supporting the hypothesis that people lived in eastem Beringia during mid-Wisconsinan time.

lnuit and Kutchin Bone and Antler Industries in Northwestern Canada - David Morrison (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1986)
Bone and antler industries from northern Yukon Kutchin sites are compared with recently excavated Inuit material from the Kugaluk site in the Mackenzie Delta area. A number of basic procedural similarities are noted, but specific differences seem more striking, and may reflect different technological traditions. Technological analysis seems to support the orthodox model of strong boundary maintenance between major ethnic groups is northwestern Canada.

The Middle Prehistoric Period and the Archaic Concept in the Middle Mackenzie Valley - David A. Morrison (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1987)
The validity of the Archaic stage in general and of the Northern Archaic Tradition in particular are examined as they apply to the Mackenzie River valley in the western Canadian Subarctic. Archaeological data from five Middle Prehistoric complexes are presented along with palaeoenvironmental information, all of which tend to undermine the suggestion of a movement of Archaic people from the northern Plains during the Hypsithermal. Instead, we seem to be looking at the diffusion of a few isolated traits into a long-established boreal forest ecosystem. The Mummy Cave complex on the northern Plains is identified as the probable immediate source of, particularly, side-notched points, which at about this time achieved a continent-wide distribution.

Rebuttal to Fedirchuk, "On Julian Technology" - David Morrison (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1985)
Fedirchuk's spirited defense of Julian Technology falls far short of the mark. The major question seems to be whether the products of so-called Julian Technology exhibit technological characteristics which consistently distinguish them from 'non-Julian' items, regardless of function. No such characteristics have been described. To reclassify these artifacts in categories reflecting different stages of lithic reduction (as I have done) is quite different from accepting them as representing a coherent and distinctive 'technology.'

A Note on Thule Culture Dogs from Coronation Gulf, N.W.T. - David Morrison (Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d'archéologie, 1984)
Dog mandibles from a Thule culture site in the central Canadian Arctic are compared with those from modern arctic sled dogs and local wolves. Results indicate the Thule culture dogs to have been relatively small and unwolf-like, and to show a high frequency of congenital first premolar absence. It is suggested that small, highly-bred dogs may have been a cultural response to difficult subsistence conditions.

The Inuktuiut of Eskimo Lakes - David Morrison; Charles Arnold (CAA Occasional Paper No. 2, 1994)
Recent archaeological excavations in the western Canadian Arctic have focussed on Inuvialuit (Mackenzie Inuit) sites in the Eskimo Lakes area, a long inland arm of the sea running southwest from Liverpool Bay almost to the Mackenzie River. Although written information on the area dating before 1900 is virtually nonexistent, archaeological and oral history data suggest the Eskimo Lakes played an important role in regional subsistence and exchange patterns over the past 500 years. The area seems to have been the home of a distinctive Inuvialuit group which disappeared sometime prior to the full historic period.