@Conference Paper {9947, title = {{\textquoteright}The Thin Edge . . .{\textquoteright}: Evidence for Pre-contact Metal Use and Working on the Northwest Coast}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {There is considerable archaeological evidence for the widespread distribution and use of metal on the Northwest Coast. Despite this, the contemporary literature is relatively silent on the possibility for incipient metallurgy within the region. What is clear, based on both early historical records and surviving ethnographic specimens, is that First Nation peoples had remarkable knowledge of and skill in metal working from the outset of culture contact. This paper reviews some of the evidence for metal use on the Northwest Coast, including an unusual specimen from the southern Queen Charlotte Islands, and implications for the existence of a metal working tradition prior to historical contact.}, author = {Acheson, Steven R.} } @Conference Paper {9964, title = {Thule culture adaptation to Eastern Arctic wood availability}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The availability of wood in the Eastern Arctic differs from that in the Western Arctic. The present study contributes to showing how the Thule people, in their eastern migration, adapted their needs and techniques to the new wood availibility patterns they encountered. Wood is more rarely found than in the West; the arrival of driftwood in the East is less predictable and more irregular. The low species diversity in driftwood accumulations makes it more difficult to determine the choices Thule people made during the various stages of wood processing. We sought to identificy and determine the mechanical characteristics of the collected materials in order to understand their selection for specific functions. However, it remains to be understood how far these technical choices were conditionned by ressource accessibility alone.}, author = {ALIX, Claire} } @Conference Paper {9963, title = {TAKING WOOD TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THULE CULTURE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Besides J.L. Giddings{\textquoteright} work on driftwood, mostly oriented on tree-ring dating(Giddings 1940-60), C.Arnold is the only archaeologist to have stressed the importance of wood for our understanding of Thule culture (Arnold 1994). Except for these, and for D. Lyaendecker{\textquoteright}s identifying wood from Baffin Island sites (Meta Incognita Project, Smithsonian Institution), nobody has yet attempted to construct a data base on woods from the American and Canadian Arctic. The reference frame presented will, in the long view, allow us to serve and upgrade our interpretation of archaeological remains. Woods from eight chosen sites add new information even on initial Thule migrations: importance and role of that material. Located along the North Alaskan coast and the Canadian archipelago and excavated at sundry times from the fifties through the eighties, these sites are dated back to the initial stages of Thule culture (Early Thule and Ruin Island phase). The endeavour through the present wood artifact analyses is stayed on cross-linking a). wood availability, collecting patterns, species selection, b). artifact function and needs, and c). artifact manufacture (wood working). Its aim is to get a glimpse on the technical level or traceable behaviour of Thule people. The artifact analyses, including large series of species identification of wooden artifacts found on each site, are concomitantly supplemented and hopefully supported by means of trial runs of neutron activation analyses (in collaboration with C. Stimmell, University of Toronto): the end purpose is to elaborate a methodology to differentiate driftwood from non-driftwood, in order to better understand the collecting patterns of woody materials (local collecting, exchange, special journeys). The preliminary results from an initial testing of driftwood, green wood, dead wood and archaeological wood allow us to assess the types of complexities entailed and more over the {\textquoteright}polluting agents{\textquoteright} that need be taken into account when interpreting data. All told, the results are promising and exciting.}, author = {ALIX, Claire and Carole Stimmell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9385, title = {The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who Greeted Columbus}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Louis Allaire} } @Conference Paper {9983, title = {Towards a general model of social differentiation among foragers}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {I have recently proposed a model for the development of rank on the northwest coast of North America that rests on the postulate that social hierarchies arise as a result of increasing constraints on systemic responses to environmental changes. Applying that model to data from both the west and east coasts produces results which support a conclusion that social differentiation must be regarded not only as a result of change, but as a process as well, equal in importance to population growth, sedentarization and subsistence intensification.}, author = {Ames, K.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9231, title = {Thinking About Cultural Resource Management: Essays from the Edge}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {151-153}, editor = {L.J. (Butch) Amundson} } @Conference Paper {9992, title = {The Third Dimension in Archaeological Spatial Analysis: Vertical Definition of Occupation Layers at the Stampede Site, DjOn-26}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations typically involve the meticulous recording of artefacts in three dimensions for the generation of both horizontal and vertical profiles. In situations where site stratigraphy is complex, the distinction between individual occupation levels can be difficult. Periodic flooding at the Stampede site in Cypress Hills, Alberta, has resulted in vertical separation between occupation levels, offering a rare opportunity to evaluate the distribution of archaeological materials in three dimensions. While occupation levels are clearly distinguishable throughout the site, vertical separation remains difficult in some areas. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to a three-dimensional intra-site spatial analysis of artefact and bone distributions from three occupation layers at the site. The K-means statistical clustering method is used to identify and interpret the vertical distribution of archaeological materials from three closely spaced occupation layers in paleosols 6, 7 and 8. The results of this analysis demonstrate the utility of the combined application of K-means cluster analysis and GIS as a means of testing the integrity of archaeological levels when the slope is minimal. However, post-depositional disturbances such as wall slumping have had considerable impact on the natural distribution of artefacts, posing an interesting problem for spatial investigations. Continued research and future spatial analysis will require careful consideration of the problems identified in this research.}, author = {Anderson, Kirsten and Gerald Oetelaar} } @Conference Paper {10007, title = {Trade and Exchange in the Nuuk-Area, West-Greenland}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {From the early historical sources on Greenland it is apparent that long-distance trade and exchange were important strategically means to on the one hand ensure a wide access to geographically restricted resources and on the other to maintain and develop social ties that among others were crucial in times of need. The Steatite Objects Analyses Project (S.O.A.P.) 2005 - 2007 focuses on the two main articles that were traded out of the Nuuk-area in early historical times, namely steatite and caribou skin. During the project we will highlight the "life-histories" of both these products and the social systems and circumstances that brought the products to life. With the knowledge gained from the combination of archaeological, historical and geochemical analyses of the historical material we will then try to move back in time to analyse the likely palaeo-Eskimo exchange systems along Greenland{\textquoteright}s West coast.}, author = {Appelt, Martin and Mikkel Myrup} } @Conference Paper {10014, title = {(TITLE UNAVAILABLE)}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {No abstract submitted}, author = {ARMITAGE, Peter and Daniel ASHINI} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9002, title = {Thule Culture in Western Coronation Gulf, N.W.T.}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {108-110}, editor = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10022, title = {These faces are still looking at us, but are they laughing at us?...Stylistic and Proxemic Analysis of the Dorset Petroglyphs of Qajartalik, Nunavik}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Kangirsujuaq region, Nunavik, is a unique area where prehistoric rock-art sites can be found in the Canadian Arctic. In fact only four petroglyph sites have been identified so far, all located along the north-east coast of Ungava peninsula. One of those sites, Qajartalik (JhEv-1), was first studied during the 1960{\textquoteright}s by the anthropologist B. Saladin-d{\textquoteright}Anglure, who counted 94 different petroglyphs and interpreted them as being a Dorset production. Comparing their formal elements, Saladin-d{\textquoteright}Anglure identified two distinct types, and a few sub-types. Neither this typology nor the methodology applied were ever critically re-examined thereafter (e.g. Ta{\c c}on 1993), leaving some discrepancies in the archaeological interpretation of the site. Recent research has led to a reassessment these petroglyphs, and also to the discovery of more than 80 new motifs. At first sight, all depict human-like heads facing on. However, a close examination allows to distinguish at least seven different types of faces. Moreover facial details are sometimes explicit enough that one can interpret some distinct expressions - suggesting astonishment, sorrowness and so on - from one engraved figure to another. Without doing any psychological interpretation, this paper will present a proxemic analysis, along with a typological one, which could help to get better insights into the mimicry that Dorset people could have used for non-verbal communications in some specific contexts.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10021, title = {On the threshold of archaeological theory? Theorizing rock-art research in Canada}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Rock-art research has never been part of the intellectual mainstream in Canadian archaeology, although some discoveries and experiments have had important impacts on the international scientific scene during the last four decades. During the 1970{\textquoteright}s and 1980{\textquoteright}s, considered by some as a golden-age for rock-art research, hundreds of rock-art sites were reported throughout the country, and many were analysed according to scientific procedure proper to archaeological methods. However, the theoretical framework for interpreting the meaning content of those sites was not always explicit, and even sometimes lacking, due in part to the fact that no absolute dating methods could be applied for helping archaeologist to put this type of data in a more secure cultural timeframe. The last decade (the 1990{\textquoteright}s) has been a period of important changes in rock-art research in different parts of the world, thanks to the application of absolute-dating methods (especially through AMS) to rock-art sites, the interest for cognitive sciences and conservation issues, and, for some countries, efforts made for collaborating more closely with Native communities. Paradoxically, there has been a decrease of interest, as well as of means and resources, for studying rock-art sites in various part of Canada, in particular in the Provinces within the Canadian Shield. My paper will show how a more important consideration of current theories produced by specialists in that field around the world could help to revive this interest in rock art among Canadian archaeologists, and how current and future research projects held in Canada will allow to better contribute to theoretical debates here and abroad.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11046, title = {Transforming Archaeology: Activist Practices and Prospects}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {359-362}, editor = {Marina La Salle and Rich Hutchings} } @Conference Paper {10066, title = {There{\textquoteright}s a Time and a Place: Ground Stone Tool Technology and Intersite Variability on the Northern Northwest Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Despite their ubiquitous use in pre-contact Northwest Coast societies, ground stone tools are an underused source of information regarding technology, subsistence and social relations. The examination of ground stone tool assemblages from archaeological sites can help to inform us as to the organization of household procurement and production on the Northwest Coast. Furthermore, experimental research into the methods of manufacture of ground stone tools can aid in the recognition of stages of manufacture and debitage in archaeological contexts. This paper presents anlysis to date of the distribution of ground stone tool assemblages across eight sites in the Prince Rupert Harbour area. In order to better understand the distribution of resource procurement and production at different sites, ground stone tool assemblage from village sites and camp sites are analysed. Homogeneity and heterogeneity among toolkits are discussed in the context of site function. In addition, experimental results of ground slate tool production are discussed in relation to archaeological data.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10106, title = {Taphonomic Processes and Reconstruction of Maritime Behavior: A Case Study from the Roque Island Archipelago, Maine (USA).}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A large sample of faunal remains from a shell midden on Great Spruce Island in the Roque Island Archipelago along the Downeast Coast of Maine (USA) has allowed several avenues of study to be implemented. This faunal assemblage represents a unique collection of terrestrial and marine species ranging from large sea mammals (unidentified whale) to large ungulates to small fish remains. This collection offers a unique opportunity to examine a seasonal occupation of an insular environment by the First Peoples of northern New England during the Ceramic (Woodland) period of 3,000 to roughly 1,000 years B.P. However, although a reconstruction of the maritime adaptation will be attempted, several distinct taphonomic issues are present within this assemblage. The sample consists of bulk unit gross-screened samples as well as fine-screened samples. Each of these yields different results as small bones, such as fish vertebrae of tom cod (Microgadus tomcod) tend to be under-represented in the bulk samples. Taphonomic processes include carnivore activity, excavation strategies, inherent preservation issues related to the bone density and varying soil pH throughout the midden. Shell middens in northern New England are not uniform deposits of shell and several lenses and strata on low or non-shell are present that create a significantly different preservational environment.}, author = {William R. Belcher} } @article {9498, title = {Teaching Complexity and Ambiguity in an Introductory World Prehistory Course}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {001-020}, abstract = {

Teaching an introductory-level archaeology and world prehistory course in a university is challenging because the instructor must balance the need for comprehensive coverage against the risk of superficiality that would impede student understanding of the discipline. This paper is a personal account of the use of an interactive role-playing laboratory exercise to teach archaeological field and laboratory methods in a context of hypothesis testing. The interaction between theory and research design, and the potential influence of the archaeologists\’ intellectual history on interpretation are strongly emphasized. The topics explored are the \“Neanderthal problem\” and the origins of complex cognition, interrelated issues which are subject to currently unresolved debate. This exercise has demonstrated that first-year students are capable of understanding and manipulating complex and occasionally conflicting data to produce an effective scientific argument. Although this has been a successful pedagogical technique, the labor cost to the instructor and the teaching assistants is very high.

}, author = {Michael S. Bisson} } @Conference Paper {10163, title = {Topographic Landscape Modeling at the Stampede Site (DjOn-26), Cypress Hills, Alberta.}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Mazama tephra is used as a stratigraphic marker to reconstruct the natural landscape of the Stampede Site; circa 6800 yrs BP. Mazama tephra was deposited throughout southern Alberta during the Hypsithermal, a period when the climate of the Northwestern Plains was warmer and drier than present day. Because the geomorphic systems of the Cypress Hills are sensitive to climatic changes landscape reconstruction during this time interval is critical in furthering our understanding of natural landscape formation and human occupation at the Stampede Site. Geoarchaeological techniques utilized in developing this topographic landscape reconstruction model as well as the results of this study will be presented.}, author = {Blakey, Janet} } @Conference Paper {10186, title = {Traitement des zones {\`a} faible potentiel dans les mod{\'e}les pr{\'e}dictifs utilis{\'e}s dans la r{\'e}gion des sables bitumineux}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Tara Bond} } @Conference Paper {10213, title = {A tale of two data bases}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Computer data base management systems are becoming increasingly in vogue for archaeological research applications. Abundant literature exists pertaining to computer data base techniques in archaeology in particular describing coding schemes, data manipulation procedures and analytical software. However, to archaeologists proposing to adopt such systems much less information is available detailing the accompanying problems introduced to the process of {\textquoteright}doing archaeology{\textquoteright}. Two examples of large-scale data base management systems used to analyze archaeological data from Batoche National Historic Site in Saskatchewan and the Lubbub Creek site in west-central Alabama are briefly compared. Emphasis is placed on key parts of the process prone to error resulting in user grief and the means of coping with them are discussed. It is proposed that the problem areas highlighted are likely to be encountered by researchers implementing such systems and can be avoided. Among the aspects to be addressed are sources, rates and effects of data base error; user behaviour; and the availability and suitability of software.}, author = {Brandon, J.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11409, title = {Tracing the Relational: The Archaeology of Worlds, Spirits and Temporalities}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {134-137}, editor = {Simon Paquin} } @Conference Paper {10261, title = {Traditions orales et arch{\'e}ologie autochtone : le programme du patrimoine culturel des Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10308, title = {Towards A Stewardship Program for Alberta{\textquoteright}s Heritage Resources}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {There are now in excess of 26,000 archaeological sites and 77,000 historic features recorded in Alberta. It is the responsibility of the Heritage Resource Management Branch of Alberta Community Development to manage and protect heritage sites that may be threatened by a variety of land developments. Management decisions are usually made at the time developments are proposed and the preferred method of mitigating potential impacts is through avoidance, thus preserving the resource for the future. However, sufficient mechanisms are not in place to ensure that avoidance is followed through by developers and that avoided sites are not impacted by later, unregulated, activities. The long term protection of heritage resources is in the interest of all Albertans. This paper examines ways of achieving effective stewardship of heritage resources through partnerships and agreements with a variety of stakeholders.}, author = {Cailliau, Juliette and DAMKJAR, Eric and Dean Wetzel} } @Conference Paper {10310, title = {Temporal and Spatial Shifts in Resource Acquisition Patterns as Seen in the Fish Remains at T{\textquoteright}ukw{\textquoteright}aa, Barkley Sound, B.C.}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Nuu-Chah-Nulth site of T{\textquoteright}ukw{\textquoteright}aa at the mouth of Barkley Sound , British Columbia, appears to consist of three different residential areas. Were the residents of these three areas socially differentiated? A preliminary examination of fish remains will assess whether or not differential use of resources may have existed between these three areas. As well, did use of fish resources shift through time, either between these three areas or at the site as a whole? Evidence from two other sites in Barkley Sound has shown a change in resource acquisition from mainly rock fish to salmon around 500 - 600 years ago, running counter to the common date of NAC salmon intensification (3,500 to 5,000 BP). Does this shift occur at the outer harbour site of T{\textquoteright}ukwa{\textquoteright}a, and is it seen across all three site areas?}, author = {Caldwell, Megan} } @Conference Paper {10317, title = {Three Dimensional Architectural Modeling: Viewing Sites in the Round}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The creation of three dimensional models in archaeology was once the domain of a computer savvy few, but advances in technology and software availability has opened this growing field of data analysis to more researchers. In this paper I address the use of ArchiCAD, an architectural drafting suite, for modeling standing and ruined archaeological structures. This software functions similarly to Architectural AutoCAD but with a friendlier user interface, a seamless three dimensional rendering component, and a photo rectification add-on. This paper presents the use of this software for modeling caravanserais from Northern Pakistan and discusses the difficulties and successes encountered in its use. It also reflects on the sorts of research questions three dimensional models can address and strategies for data collection when architectural modeling is intended in analysis.}, author = {Campbell, Jennifer L.} } @Conference Paper {10366, title = {TIME OF ARRIVAL OF EASTERN ST.LAWRENCE IROQUOIANS IN THE QU{\'e}BEC CITY AREA BASED ON NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Eastern St. Lawrence Iroquoians encountered by Jacques Cartier in the sixteenth century were living in a cluster of villages around present day Qu{\'e}bec City on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. They have been regarded as a recent expansion from Iroquoian groups living to the south as late as the fifteenth century. This hypothesis has never been confirmed by a detailed analysis and the purpose of this paper is to clarify the time of arrival of this Iroquoian group in the Qu{\'e}bec City area. We will therefore present the new data produced by the neutron activation analysis of more than 50 pottery samples dating to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. The results indicate the necessity to revise the current hypothesis and suggest an in situ development for a small Iroquoian-speaking group going back as far as the Middle Woodland period.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Greg Kennedy} } @Conference Paper {10384, title = {Is there an archaeologist in the house? : degrees of fact in the analysis of habitations}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In recent years, archaeologists have been presenting a great deal of {\textquoteright}detail{\textquoteright} in conclusions rising out of their analyses of habitation units. Such attempts are sometimes said to resemble a person trying to split a hair into four quarters with an axe. Nevertheless, many would argue that this is the direction prehistoric archaeology must go if we are ever to leave the descriptive and {\textquoteright}broad framework{\textquoteright} stage of research. Examples from the Quebec subarctic discuss the form and placement of structures without postmoulds, the size of groups occupying them, the organisation of social space within and without these structures, the location of technical activities carried out by persons of each sex, the season(s) and intensity of occupation, purpose (within proposed schemes of exploitation) of occupation as well as its broader cultural affiliations and age. To date, these efforts are troubled by the application of lithic analyses based on {\textquoteright}traditional{\textquoteright} European data, or on data still insufficiently modified by experimentation. Still further, they suffer through the use of insufficiently researched or inappropriately applied ethnographic data. Published, unpublished and ongoing Quebec examples are examined in the light of existing and perhaps more appropriate data and methodologies}, author = {Chism, J.} } @Conference Paper {10381, title = {Three Seasons at Lower Fort Garry, Manitoba}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Lower Fort Carry Archaeological Project under the Chairmanship of Dr. William J. Mayer-Oakes and direction of James V. Chism has completed three seasons of excavation. This nineteenth Century Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company site near Winnipeg, Manitoba, is being excavated through a Canadian Historic Sites Service contract by the Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Manitoba. Excavations included: two large cattle barns; the ox stable; a horse stable; a troop barracks; a large L-shaped troop latrine; a large root cellar; a troop canteen; the miller{\textquoteright}s residence; the farm manager{\textquoteright}s residence; the grain flailing barn; a structure which housed a gristmill-lumber mill-metal lathe room and malting barn; the malt kiln; the distillery and brewery; the spirits and beer cellar; the fur loft basement entranceway; a cluster of small buildings which may have been an oven; smokehouse and storage shed; location of original flooring under an extant bastion; the site of a store-house; the miller{\textquoteright}s residence; a limekiln; a possible saw pit; the prison palisade; parts of a system of roadways outside the fort walls; the supposed site of the herdsman{\textquoteright}s house; the supposed site of the boat yards; the supposed site of the lime storage house and various testing operations throughout the fort. At the factor{\textquoteright}s residence excavations included an outhouse, sunken areaway, the original porch footings, basement floorings and a formal driveway.}, author = {Chism, James V.} } @Conference Paper {10395, title = {Towards a Management Plan for the Debert and Belmont Archaeological Sites}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Confederacy of Mainland Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the Heritage Division of the Nova Scotia Department of Tourism, Culture and Heritage are jointly working towards the development of a management plan for the Debert and Belmont archaeological sites. An interim strategic plan has been developed that reflects a set of guiding principles that recognizes the crucial significance of these archaeological sites to contemporary Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the scientific values inherent in the preservation of these resources. The strategic plan outlines three strategic goals that will promote preservation of the sites while encouraging appropriate excavation and study. The research component of the work will define the regional area of interest and the levels of archaeological assessment in areas of related potential.}, author = {Christianson, David J. and Tim Bernard and Bob Ogilvie and Leah Rosenmeier} } @Conference Paper {10408, title = {Terrain and Caribou Entrapments at Great Bear Lake}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Traces of several short caribou fences were observed at Great Bear Lake in 1979. The apparent mode of construction seen in these vestiges is described. Of greater interest than construction details, however, are the fence layouts which not only capitalize on the presence of various terrain features but actually incorporate terrain elements into the animal entrapments or to extend their effective length. This frequently entails linking fence construction with small gorges. Speculations are offered on the possible functioning of these entrapments.}, author = {Clark, D.} } @article {9531, title = {Is There a Northern Cordilleran Tradition?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {023-048}, abstract = {

An early northwestern subarctic tradition is proposed to account for occupation preceding the Paleo-Arctic tradition (appearance of microblades). This northern Cordilleran tradition, based in part on MacNeish\&$\#$39;s Cordilleran tradition, also co-existed with the Paleo-Arctic in areas east of the latter and to some extent elsewhere in a geographical mosaic. This article first focuses on early components, in the estimated and postulated 12,000 to 10,000 year age range, which are characterized by bifaced projectile points including fluted points. The northern Cordilleran later takes into account assemblages which are poorly explained in terms of the Paleo-Arctic and Northern Archaic traditions and for which a Plains origin, implied by attribution to the Plano tradition, may be erroneous. The encompassing thesis of this article is that northern interior prehistory is more complex than is suggested by its present organization into major tradition con- structs. Proposals made here thus are not asserted to be ultimate historical reality but are offered in a tradition of discussion and reassessment of data.

}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9285, title = {Table Glass in Canada 1700{\textendash}1850}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {090-091}, editor = {Elizabeth Collard} } @article {13186, title = {Tidal Belongings: First Nations{\textendash}Driven Archaeology to Preserve a Large Wooden Fish Trap Panel Recovered from the Comox Harbour Intertidal Fish Trap Complex in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {016-051}, abstract = {

This article describes the recent identification, documentation, and preservation of a large wooden lattice-work panel recovered from a wet-site trap complex located in Comox Harbour on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This project was the result of Indigenous community members proactively taking control of their heritage for protection and conservation. Based on the research of the contributors, this panel appears to be the largest and most intact example of a fish trap panel from an archaeological context on the Northwest Coast. This paper provides data and interpretations to better understand Indigenous fisheries and the technology of the extensive systems of wooden fish traps that once spanned most of Comox Harbour.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.16}, author = {Sean P. Connaughton and Genevieve Hill and Jesse Morin and Cory Frank and Nancy Greene and David McGee} } @Conference Paper {10447, title = {Twenty Years of Archaeology in the Klondike National Park Service in Skagway, Alaska}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Skagway, Alaska has recently completed twenty years of building restoration, and associated Section 106 cultural research. Archaeological research has taken place at various business sites {\textendash} a Gold Rush landing/storage site, a railroad depot, two saloons, a restaurant that was later razed to make way for a haberdashery, and a hotel later turned into an apartment complex. Work at residential sites included a missionary building built on top of a Gold Rush dump site, a Catholic priest{\textquoteright}s privy, the cabin and house site of one of the town founder{\textquoteright}s and his Tlingit wife, its post-Gold Rush occupation and remodeling by another Skagway pioneer family, and half a block of residences that during the Gold Rush and later periods were lived in by various of Skagway{\textquoteright}s pioneer families. Research themes have focused on the building of Skagway{\textquoteright}s infrastructure, acculturation, the role of tourism, the effect of Prohibition, and everyday life both before, during and after the hordes of Klondike stampeders step foot on Skagway{\textquoteright}s shores.}, author = {COOPER, Doreen} } @Conference Paper {10487, title = {THE TORONTO MATERIAL-HISTORY DATABASE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Archaeological Resource Centre of the Toronto Board of Education has recently begun compiling a material-history database for the City of Toronto. The inception, process and preliminary results of the database will be presented and discussed. The information it contains relates to the introduction and impact of technological advances on urban life in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The database is computerized and essentially open-ended. It is correlated with the database system used for analyzing artifacts at the Archaeological Resource Centre, and is intended to provide a social-historical context for artifact interpretation of sites within Toronto. Use of the database addresses several problems associated with the investigation of historic urban, domestic and small-commercial sites.}, author = {Crocker, Rodney and Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10515, title = {Towards an Understanding of the Chalcolithic Chipped Stone Industry in Cyprus : The Ayios Savvas Material}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {It is generally accepted that expediently utilized chert flakes are characteristic of the Cypriot Chalcolithic chipped stone industry. Despite the ubiquitous nature of this informal tool type it has not been integrated in Ethic assemblage studies. Simple flake production has been neglected while classic formal tools, such as scrapers and blades, have been highlighted for their level of technological requirement. Considering that nearly half of all chipped stone at Ayios Savvas was utilized a reassessment of the relative importance of formal tools is needed. An industry primarily based on simple flake production has not warranted serious consideration and subsequently has been regarded as degenerating. The Ayios Savvas assemblage however demonstrates that this is not the case but an adaptive formalized technological response to changing socio-economic strategies.}, author = {Cesare D{\textquoteright}ANNIBALE} } @Conference Paper {10517, title = {Towards a Greater Understanding of the Prehistory of Frontenac County: The Frontenac County Inventory}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Over the past 2 years the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation has been developing an inventory of archaeological sites in Frontenac County, which is situated at the northeastern end of Lake Ontario. The inventory is primarily designed to provide a basis from which more specifically focused research projects can be undertaken in an area the prehistory of which is still poorly understood. The initial results of the inventory provide for a range in prehistoric cultural occupations extending from Late Palaeo-Indian to Late Woodland on sites distributed in association with Lake Ontario and the inland drainage systems encompassed by the County. Some of the identified sites including Armstrong, Belle Island and Page hold considerable potential for understanding the pre-Iroquoian cultural development in eastern Ontario.}, author = {Daechsel, Hugh J.} } @Conference Paper {10520, title = {The Tsiigehnjik Ethnoarchaeology Project: Excavations at Martin Zheh}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Since its inception in 1992, the Gwich{\textquoteright}in Social and Cultural Institute has worked to {\textquoteright}document, preserve and promote the practice of Gwich{\textquoteright}in culture, language, traditional knowledge, and values.{\textquoteright} Excavations at Martin Zheh brought these elements together at a multi-component site on the banks of the Tsiigehnjik (Arctic Red River), a major tributary of the lower Mackenzie River. Here, Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Elders and youth came together as partners in heritage conservation, sharing traditional knowledge and archaeological discovery. Five occupation layers at MeTp-4 span the past two centuries, a significant period in Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in history which saw the introduction of trading posts, firearms, missions, disease, and, eventually, permanent communities. This paper provides an overview of the archaeology of MeTp-4 and examines some of the temporal changes in traditional and Euro-Canadian artifacts and faunal assemblages, in historical context.}, author = {DAMKJAR, Eric} } @Conference Paper {10524, title = {Thule Seal Hunting Techniques: A Practical Application of Mortality Profiles}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Thule Eskimo hunting techniques will be examined through the analysis of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) mortality patterns. These patterns are based on canines recovered from five Thule semisubterranean winter houses located at Hazard Inlet, Somerset Island, in the Central Canadian Arctic. Dental annuli studies on these canines provide a mortality profile of an archaeological population. Using ringed seal behaviour and ethnographical accounts of Inuit seal hunting, variations of similarities between the archaeological and modern seal age profiles provide evidence of past hunting techniques.}, author = {Danielson, Robert A.} } @Conference Paper {10527, title = {A Taphonomic Examination of Late Dorset Faunal Remains on Little Cornwallis Island, N. W. T}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {During the 1992 and 1993 field seasons, the McDougall Sound Archaeological Research Project undertook an analysis of the Late Dorset site of Tasiarulik (QjJx-10) on Little Cornwallis Island in the Central High Arctic. Due to permitting difficulties, the 1992 field season involved an intensive examination of the cultural materials exposed on the surface. The surface faunal remains were mapped and identified in situ and have allowed for an examination of the spatial distribution of the bone across die site. In the following field season excavation proceeded on a number of semi-subterranean houses, tent rings, and middens, with a subsequent analysis of the collected faunal remains. In the past, faunal studies did not normally constitute a significant part of a High Arctic project. Bone element mapping of the surface remains has allowed for a unique opportunity to examine the horizontal variation in species and element representation, along with bone deterioration and modification. This paper will focus on the taphonomic processes which have created and altered the surface and sub-surface faunal assemblages at Tasiarulik, and present an assessment of the relationship between these two data sets.}, author = {DARWENT, Christyann M.} } @article {9557, title = {Three Palaeo-indian Specimens from Nova Scotia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {190-196}, author = {Stephen A. Davis and David Christianson} } @Conference Paper {10539, title = {Tiny Arrowheads: Toys in the Toolkit}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Excavations in the processing area at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump have produced numerous tiny, poorly made arrowheads. I propose that many of these are toys and did not function as adult weapons. A review of Plains ethnographies indicates that youths were invariably supplied with small scale bows and arrows to practice archery skills at an early age. An examination of Late Prehistoric projectile points from Head-Smashed-In was undertaken to determine whether toys could be distinguished in this assemblage. The comparative workmanship and neck widths of projectile points are evaluated as useful indices to distinguish toys from adult weapons. The results of this study may have important ramifications beyond Head-Smashed-In. The occurrence of toys in an assemblage may affect considerations of social organization and site function at Plains sites. Also, the inappropriate classification of toys may hamper interpretations of culture history based on point typology.}, author = {DAWE, Bob} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9202, title = {Through Darkening Spectacles: Memoirs of Diamond Jenness}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {273-276}, editor = {Dawson, Peter} } @Conference Paper {10554, title = {Tzeltal Maya disposal behaviour and the archaeological record: an ethnoarchaeological perspective}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {It is generally conceded that the archaeologist most often works with artifacts known only by their discard locations, and that from this he must interpret relationships between these artifacts and features, as well as identify the presence or absence (and intensity) of any activities he believes to have been carried on at the site. Using one artifact class as an example, namely pottery, various modes of refuse disposal and abandonment are discussed in the context of Tzeltal Maya households. The distributional patterns of pottery and other durable remains resulting from discard behaviour are outlined. The reuse, or the more infrequent lack of reuse, of buildings before a house-site is abandoned and post-abandonment activities are identified as major factors affecting the final distribution of pottery fragments before the house-site enters the archaeological record, under most conditions.}, author = {Deal, M.} } @Conference Paper {10574, title = {A Tahltan View of the Oral History and Archaeology of Mount Edziza}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In this paper the authors will examine the picture of Tahltan culture history presented in the archaeological literature pertaining to Mt.Edziza and the surrounding territory and compare that with the Tahltan perspective of their past derived from oral narratives and other cultural knowledge. Two issues in particular will be discussed. One issue regards the prevalent view in the anthropological (archaeological and cultural) literature of the late arrival of the Dene peoples, including the Tahltan, in their present territories. The other related issue regards the direction of coastal-interior cultural influence. Both of these issues will be considered in light of the general neglect of traditional knowledge and aboriginal perspective in anthropological literature.}, author = {DENNIS, Oscar, and Heather HARRIS and Kispiox Gitxsan Nation} } @Conference Paper {10584, title = {Two-Dimensional Scaling of Dissimilarity of Several {\textquoteright}Denali Complex{\textquoteright} Sites in Interior Alaska}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper deals with the analysis of inter-assemblage variation among a series of sites in interior Alaska, all of which seem to contain certain {\textquoteright}key{\textquoteright} elements of the so-called {\textquoteright}Denali Complex.{\textquoteright} Variability among the sites is discussed in light of the application of a Pythagorean scaling model to the data. It is suggested that the sites represent varying structural poses of a broad adaptive system. It is further suggested that the original definition of {\textquoteright}Denali{\textquoteright} is inadequate on several grounds and its continued use in interior Alaska has become counter-productive.}, author = {Derry, D.E.} } @Conference Paper {10605, title = {Two Neutral Cabin Sites: A Case Study in Small Site Archaeology}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The focus of this paper is two small, short term Iroquoian cabin sites in southwestern Ontario: the Day site (ca. A.D. 1450), and the Haley{\textquoteright}s Pond site (ca. A.D. 1620-1630). Both sites were subject to complete mitigative excavations by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, in advance of highway construction. This paper considers; the issues of seasonality, site function and delineation of activity areas, through. an analysis of the nature and distribution of cultural remains at these two sites. The placement of the site type represented by Day and Haley{\textquoteright}s Pond within a broader settlement system for the Neutral Iroquoians is briefly considered.}, author = {Dodd, Christine} } @Conference Paper {10614, title = {Titre de l{\textquoteright}expos{\'e} : Les paysages du pouvoir : Fulford Place, Brockville et les Olmsted}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10624, title = {(TITLE UNAVAILABLE)}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {No abstract submitted}, author = {DRAKE, Martha} } @Conference Paper {10630, title = {Toward identifying First Nations and Inuit History Commemorative Sites in Province of Quebec: a Progress Report / Pour la cr{\'e}ation de lieux his}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Since 1993, Canadian federal government through Parks Canada program is doing consultations with First Nations and Inuit organizations and communities, in Quebec, in order to identify sites of national historical significance commemorating Aboriginal history. This paper is intended to present the project, its philosophy and the results that have been obtained to date.}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @Conference Paper {10672, title = {Typological Relationships of Paleo-Indian Fluted Bifaces from the Hiscock Site, Western New York State}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The gravely clay layer at the Hiscock site is dated to between ca. 11,000 and 10,200 B.P. In addition to the remains of fauna such as mastodon, peccary and California condor, that layer has yielded nine Paleo-Indian artifacts made mainly on local New York raw materials and including at least five fluted points. This paper focuses on the typological relationships of the points. As a whole, the points are morphologically homogeneous and fall within a general category of wider, thicker, more parallel-sided forms reported from several sites in the Northeast/Great Lakes. Detailed comparisons with other regional assemblages of a wide range of characteristics indicate the Hiscock points are different from named types in that general category such as Gainey in that they are relatively narrow at the base, have shallow basal concavities and debatably, are short-fluted. As a whole, they most closely resemble the finds reported from sites like Shoop, Pennsylvania and Paleo Crossing, Ohio.}, author = {Chris Ellis} } @Conference Paper {10692, title = {Towards a Social Archaeology of the Southern Northwest Coast}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Pacific Northwest Coast is an example of dominant evolutionary themes structuring the analysis of archaeological data sets that can almost exclusively be considered interrupted. This follows from the difficulty accumulating archaeological knowledge in a sparsely populated and environmentally diverse region of the world. The information that has been gathered from archaeological sites over this mountainous, rugged coastline is constricted both temporally and spatially. The nature of archaeological data on the Northwest Coast thus lends itself well to evolutionary debates while at the same time leaving historical narratives little in the way of a grounding. This situation is beginning to change, however, in several regions of the Northwest Coast. In the Gulf of Georgia a foundation of archaeological research results now exists that is detailed enough to begin to build an historical interpretation of social life. Employing existing archaeological data a detailed example explores the meanings of a new framework for interpretation.}, author = {Ewonus, Paul} } @Conference Paper {10696, title = {Traditional Land Use Patterns in the Southwestern Portion of the Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The excavation, in 1997, of an archaeological site (MlVm-4) located on the southwestern portion of the Old Crow Flats area has provided valuable information concerning the traditional land use patterns of Native people in the northwestern Yukon Territory. The site is located on a sand bar, at the confluence of Schaeffer creek with a smaller stream locally know as Dechyoo (goose with red feet and nose) njik (creek). A single radiocarbon date on worked antler suggests a very late context of protohistoric occupation. The lithic and osseous industries encountered at the site appear to be culturally affiliated with the Klo-kut Phase (A.D. 700 up to the Historic Period), recognized at Klo-kut and Rat Indian Creek, two caribou hunting camps located on the Porcupine River. Historic remains were also collected at the site, thus indicating the presence of a more recent occupation. The analysis of the faunal remains revealed that the site was a multifunctional location, primarily used for fishing, muskratting, and bird hunting. The presence of these three dominant taxa in the collection indicates that the occupations at the site mostly took place somewhere between March and late September. Thus, it seems that MlVm-4 represent a complement to locations such as the Klo-kut and Rat Indian Creek sites. While these were almost exclusively used for the acquisition of caribou, at MlVm-4, supplementary resources were used for subsistence.}, author = {M{\'e}lanie Fafard} } @Conference Paper {10727, title = {The Trouble With Normative....}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {If there is a common theme to the history of archaeology across Canada it has been the struggle to develop and define cultural historical sequences in each part of this vast country. And this has led to archaeologists developing very specialized expertise for particular geographic areas, and so resulting archaeological sequences tend to reflect this specialization, entrenching an insular regionalism in Canadian archaeology that can often seem to make archaeological efforts of little consequence beyond a telling of local history. And this is only further exacerbated by the tendency to draw links between these archaeological sequences and historically specific Native cultural groups. Moreover, it has been suggested that Canada{\textquoteright}s geography and diverse archaeological record has kept Canadian archaeologists too busy to worry about the theoretical ism debates that have come and gone elsewhere in the discipline. In a sense, this is implying that theoretical issues are something someone else can specialize in - we{\textquoteright}ve got our hands full working to uncover the past. But if this is the case for Canada, such an a-theoretical or unreflective archaeology has left many critical concepts such as culture and ethnicity, as well as their archaeological manifestations, unexplored and simply assumed within constructed regional culture histories. The implications and limitations of archaeology as local history and under-theorised in Canada will be explored, and strategies for moving on offered.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10762, title = {Thoughts on the Origin and Relationships of Northwest Coast Art}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The relative significance of in-situ development versus external influences on the early evolution of Northwest Coast art is discussed in the light of recent archaeological data. Evidence is presented to support the view that some stylistic features of Northwest Coast art are a result of relatively late prehistoric influences from the Bering Strait region.}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10776, title = {Traversing Unknown Territory: Deciphering the Subsistence and Settlement Patterns of Ontario{\textquoteright}s Western Basin Tradition (ca. A.D. 500 to 1600) us}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {After three decades of intensive research, the lifestyle choices of the members of the Western Basin Tradition (WBT), who occupied southwestern Ontario during the Late Woodland period (ca. A.D. 500 to 1600), remain somewhat of a mystery to archaeologists. To date, the material cultural evidence recovered from these sites has been rather sparse in comparison to their Ontario Iroquois Tradition (OIT) neighbours in the southeast. Current interpretations of Western Basin subsistence and settlement patterns are based on a combination of ceramic, lithic tool, subterranean feature, and postmould data. This paper adds another element to our understanding: an examination of the hunting, processing, transport, cooking, and discard practices of these groups through the analysis of the faunal remains recovered from their sites. Data synthesized from a number of Western Basin zooarchaeological reports prepared over the past three decades were combined with new data collected during the past year. The results provide greater insight into: Western Basin seasonal activities and overall mobility, the animal species of dietary, economic, social, and spiritual importance, the microenvironments that were preferentially exploited and occupied, and whether the adoption of maize horticulture by these groups affected the timing and location of animal procurement and settlement locations.}, author = {Lindsay Foreman} } @Conference Paper {10777, title = {Two Possible Hide Processing Stones from FbNp-1 in Wanuskewin Heritage Park, Saskatchewan}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Lithic use wear analysis was applied to a sample of cobbles recovered from FbNp-1 in Wanuskewin Heritage Park. The use wear analysis was completed to test existing methodologies used to microscopically analyze ground stone tools as applied specifically to hide processing stones. Interpretation of the analysis indicates that at least one, and possibly two, of the cobbles can be interpreted as hide processing stones. An ethnographic literature review into hide processing procedures on the Plains has also uncovered two possible hide processing stone tool categories. These tools have been referred to as braining stones and graining stones. Braining stones were used in the tanning process to aid in the application of a brain tanning mixture. Graining stones were used in the softening and graining process to soften and add texture to the hide. A combination of the literature review and lithic use wear analysis has allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of these tools and their uses. These types of tools are often overlooked in archaeological analyses.Their misidentification may lead to the misinterpretation of activity areas and site usage.}, author = {Forner, Cheryl} } @Conference Paper {10780, title = {Traces of Childhood: Defining Children in the Mortuary Record / Traces de l{\textquoteright}enfance : enfants et documents fun{\'e}raires}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In this paper I express several considerations that should be made when defining {\textquoteright}children{\textquoteright} in the mortuary record. There are three issues involved in defining children in the mortuary record. The first involves the physical identification of children. The second concern is how the mortuary treatments accorded children are analyzed and described. The third issue involves how we translate material remains and patterns into social behaviour. To socially define children, the social rank and status of children must be determined within the social boundaries of the society they belonged. In this paper I address these problems by using a new methodology that allows the social rank and status accorded children to be described (cf. Fowler 1997a, 1997b). A recent analysis of mortuary remains dating to the Greek Neolithic period (6500-3200 BC; Fowler 1997a, 1997b) serves as an example of how children may be socially recognized through mortuary activity. I suggest several possible reasons why children are give mortuary treatments, alternative to adults. Despite the variability in mortuary ritual, I suggest that the treatment of children in the mortuary record is governed by the same social rules of membership and exclusion directing the disposal program of adults. I also argue that the meaning behind the differential treatment of children at death cannot simply be explained by biological factors alone. Rather, as with adults, the social rank and status of children play a key role in defining: 1) their relationships to each other; 2) their relationships to other members of the community; and 3) the general prohibitive and customary constraints on social behaviour, which characterizes the structure and organization of a society.}, author = {FOWLER, Kent} } @article {9597, title = {Thaniba Wakandagi Among the Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {130-151}, abstract = {

Stone disc-style pipes, while relatively common on late pre-contact sites in what is now the midwestern region of the United States, are rare in the Northeast. Eight disc pipes from Ontario are described and then considered in the context of reported specimens from the Great Lakes and Ohio River drainage basins. Given the exotic nature of this pipe form in terms of Ontario Late Woodland assemblages, the potential routes and rationale for their transmission to Ontario are considered in light of archaeological and ethnographic data from throughout the study area. The rationale for the presence of disc pipes outside of the northern Mississippi drainage heartland\&$\#$39; is considered further from a symbolic standpoint, and two separate interaction vectors are proposed to explain their Ontario distribution. One specimen may speak to a surprising destination of refugee Petun and Odawa peoples following their mid-17th-century dispersal by the Five Nations Iroquois. \&$\#$39;

}, author = {William Fox} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11936, title = {A Tale of Three Villages: Indigenous-Colonial Interactions in Southwestern Alaska, 1740{\textendash}1950}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {263-266}, editor = {Kristen D. Barnett} } @Conference Paper {10826, title = {A Typology for Cypriot White Painted Ceramics: Chronology vs Regionalism}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {White Painted Wares, while not found in great numbers in any excavation, are the hallmark of the Middle Bronze Age on Cyprus. This makes them a critical marker for chronology. Paul {\r A}str{\"o}m created the typology used today as his PhD thesis which was published in 1957. {\r A}str{\"o}m examined material that came mainly from tomb groups, created a seriation of types based on both shape and decoration. This typology is used today to assign new finds to established types, but recently there have been some questions raised about the accuracy of {\r A}str{\"o}m{\textquoteright}s work and its usefulness with newly excavated material, especially from settlement sites. The results of a preliminary petrographic analysis of the fabric of sherds from two sites on Cyprus raises the possibility that some of the types listed by {\r A}str{\"o}m may be due to regional differences rather than chronological ones.}, author = {Laura Gagne} } @Conference Paper {10842, title = {Traditional Use Study Program of British Columbia, Canada}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The Canadian Constitution and Court of Appeal rulings have mandated that Provincial Governments are legally required to prevent the unjustifiable infringement of aboriginal rights. The Provincial TUS Program recognizes the value of identifying and evaluating Traditional Use Sites for the purpose of resource management planning. Although the TUS does not specify aboriginal rights, it serves as a framework for determining what traditional uses of the land fit within the legally established framework. This paper will look at how the program has evolved in the current political and legal context and how it fits into overall resource management planning.}, author = {GELEAN, Shannon} } @Conference Paper {10857, title = {Towards Archaeological Resource Co-Regulation and Management}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {First Nations are expressing increasing interest in the management of aboriginal heritage. Although involvement to date in Western Canada has been mainly concerned with the disposition of sacred sites and objects, trends in the U.S., Australia, and elsewhere suggest that greater involvement in the co-regulation and management of aboriginal archaeological resources on the non-Indian lands can be expected here. What is co-management, and what can provincial regulatory agencies and the archaeological community generally expect in this new bilateral partnership? In this paper archaeological resource co-management is examined by considering basic objectives and operating principles, possible co-management opportunities primarily as they relate to resource regulation (e.g. land development review, investigation permitting and compliance, impact management, etc.), and some of the main problems or issues that may hinder co-management. Finally, prospects and recommendations for making archaeological resource co-regulation and co-management work are presented.}, author = {Carlos Germann} } @Conference Paper {10865, title = {Taking CRM into the Far Future: Integrating Historical Resource Concerns into LP Canada{\textquoteright}s Long Range Planning System in West Central Manitoba}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In most Canadian provinces the forest industry has begun to address historical resources concerns within their regular planning and operational guidelines. However, methods of achieving compliance to general historical resource protection regulations vary between jurisdictions and between forestry companies. In a previous paper, Gibson et. al. described a set of heritage management protocols called CRIMP (Cultural Resources Impact Management Planning) that consisted of custom GIS historical databases, heritage potential models, industrial impact models and calculating tools that assisted forestry-related and other industrial managers to plan proposed land developments. The tools were instrumental in minimizing potential impact to historical resources sites and were found to reduce associated field survey costs related to regulatory compliance requirements substantially.The CRIMP Management Tools were originally developed as part of a stand-alone historical management process, to be used as part of both short and long-term corporate land planning operations. Current research is focused on integrating this process and its associated tools within a more comprehensive forecasting methodology that incorporates environmental and social data and land development planning into an expert system that can help predict the effects of forestry and other kinds of developments on a landscape for hundreds of years into the future. The system can be used to plan developments on a {\textquoteright}what it{\textquoteright} basis, dynamically changing planning scenarios as input variables such as heritage potential or site location are modified over time.This paper will review the different heritage potential models, thematic historical data and projected industrial impact information produced to implement such a system for the Duck Mountain region in West Central Manitoba, Alternative land management planning scenarios for the present and ensuing decades will then be explored to highlight the potential of the system for long term heritage management.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10882, title = {Traditional Cultural Places and Aboriginal Landscapes: Protective Measures at the Federal Level in Canada}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The protection of cultural resources is essential for any society, as they serve as vessels of the shared human experience of thousands of generations. This paper seeks to identify the existing legal measures in Canada that are applicable to the protection of Traditional Cultural Places, in order to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. This review will consider the effectiveness of current Canadian Federal legislation aimed at mitigating environmental and cultural impacts stemming from development projects. While the Canadian practice of Cultural Resource Management has sought to protect current and historical objects and places regardless of cultural affiliations, efforts to protect Traditional Cultural Places would benefit from both a stricter adherence to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and additional provisions to the Historic Places Initiative.}, author = {Glaude, Matt} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12550, title = {Talking Stone: Rock Art of the Cosos}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {262-263}, editor = {Chris Shaw} } @Conference Paper {10885, title = {Textile Bag Impressions on Late Woodland Pottery from the Central Northern Interior / Empreintes de fibres textiles sur des poteries du Sylvicole sup\&}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Since the early 1970{\textquoteright}s, textile impressions on Native ceramics have been a focus of interest in the western Boreal Forest of Manitoba, northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota. Analysis of latex and plasticene impressions have provided important insights. Recent replicative experiments in making ceramic vessels in pliable, sprang (knotless netting) bags have demonstrated the speed, ease, and effective construction of thin-walled vessels using this technique. The controversy regarding the identification of this technique versus cord-wrapped paddle or the rolling of cord-wrapped dowels is explored.}, author = {GOLTZ, Grant and E. Leigh Syms} } @inbook {11015, title = {The Trout Lake Archaeological Locality and the British Mountain Problem}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {15-31}, abstract = {A reanalysis of collections from the Trout Lake area of the northern Yukon challenges the integrity of what has become known as the type site of the British Mountain culture. The main Trout Lake site (NfVi-10) is seen as a mixed, multi-component deposit and its so-called British Mountain component is interpreted as lithic workshop debris. The collections from both NfVi-10 and the Northeast site (Ne Vi-9), the other main so-called British Mountain site in the Trout Lake area, feature artifacts assignable to a number of different prehistoric cultures; the most easily recognizable of these are local variants of the Denbigh, Choris and Norton western Palaeo-Eskimo cultures.}, author = {Sheila C. Greer}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10919, title = {Traditional Knowledge in Site Recognition and Definition}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Archaeology in the western subarctic has a relatively long history of using Indigenous Tradition Knowledge. Examination of the role of Traditional Knowledge has played in the recognition of sites in the Yukon and Dene area of the Northwest Territories shows that only in the past few years is Traditional Knowledge being truly integrated into research.}, author = {Sheila Greer} } @Conference Paper {10933, title = {Two Preceramic Sites in the Highlands of Guatemala}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Test excavations were carried out in 1969 and 1972 at two small sites each located in open meadows within a cloud forest on a mountain ridge at about 10,000 feet elevation. A quantity of flakes and a small number of artifacts including scrapers, retouched flakes, and a small biface but no projectile points were recovered from weathered colluvial deposits. At one site, La Piedra del Coyote, the lithic assemblage underlies a horizon of Late Classic pottery. At the other site, Los Tapiales, the lithic assemblage has been dated at 7550 +/- 150 years B.P. (Gak-2769).}, author = {Ruth Gruhn} } @Conference Paper {10937, title = {Thule Epimetallurgy and the Consequences of Elizabethan Contact}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {One of the problems with researching the nature of early culture contact between Thule Inuit and Europeans is the slight material evidence, particularly of metal artifacts which seldom survive in archaeological sites. Their relative absence archaeologically gives the false impression that metal use was peripheral to Thule adaptation when, in fact, metal was highly valued. Metal, in the form of iron extracted from meteors and native copper ore, was widely used throughout the Arctic prior to European contact. The principal evidence for Thule epimetallurgy (the use, but not the production of metal) comes from blade slot widths in the surviving tool handles. These slots are characteristically thinner than those which held stone blades. Allen McCartney has suggested that Thule metal use accelerated after 1600 due to the {\textquoteright}great influx{\textquoteright} of metal from European contact. Based on the analysis of bladed tools from prehistoric and early historic Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, I quantify the chronological patterning of Thule Inuit metal use and suggest that prehistoric Inuit use of metal was far greater than previously thought and that during Elizabethan (16th century) contact and shortly afterwards, less metal was used by the Inuit of Frobisher Bay than in the prehistoric era. In Frobisher Bay, it appears that there was no significant increase in metal use until the late 19th/early 20th century. This finding has important consequences for our conceptions about {\textquoteright}first contacts{\textquoteright}.}, author = {Gullason, Lynda} } @Conference Paper {10944, title = {Threat or Opportunity? The Hesquiat Experience}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {It is clear that many Indian people and their organizations are becoming more and more interested in all matters that directly concern them. Anthropology is no exception. What is becoming even more clear is the onus of responsibility on anthropologists to interact with and to engage Indian people in various aspects of their research projects. Anthropologists also have, of course, a responsibility to their discipline. These two responsibilities, perhaps among others, are judged by some researchers to be incompatible. Indeed, some view the recent developments that comprise the Hesquiat project as a threat to the very nature of scientific inquiry. The primary purpose of this paper will be to demonstrate on the basis of the Hesquiat experience that these recent developments are more an opportunity than a threat and that the two primary responsibilities of anthropologists, to the people with whom they work and to their discipline, are very compatible.}, author = {James C. Haggerty} } @Symposium Papers {10959, title = {A technique for predicting archaeological resource distribution and density in Southeastern Manitoba: A case study in research, planning and design}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {122-132}, author = {Andrea~J.~Heintzelman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9190, title = {Thule Pioneers}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {200-202}, editor = {James W. Helmer} } @article {9636, title = {The Trent Connection: A Cornerstone of Maya Archaeology in Belize}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {29-50}, abstract = {

This paper is historical in focus. Its goal is to document and describe the role of Trent University (Canada) in the history of Maya archaeology in Belize (Central America). The foundations of the Trent/Belize relationship are traced back 50 years, to a time when Belize was British Honduras, and Trent University was still on the planning board. The authors examine briefly various Trent archaeological projects in Belize and associated archaeologists. This \“history\” serves to highlight the multi-faceted aspect of the Trent/Belize relationship. Specifically, it illuminates the diverse roles which Trent has played in research about the ancient Maya in Belize, as well as the education of Belizean archaeologists, and the training of Belizean administrators regarding the growing significance of culture resource management, tourism, and archaeological advocacy.

}, author = {Gyles Iannone and Healy, Paul F.} } @article {12860, title = {Taking on Looting: Pursuing Sustainable Site Protection Policies in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {020-052}, abstract = {

Centuries of looting has repeatedly unearthed the archaeological remains of First Nations middens, villages, and cemeteries. This paper presents a case for new measures to curtail these illicit practices in Ontario. Over the last decade, many archaeologists have espoused a program of sustainable archaeology. I suggest protections of in situ contexts against looting will further the objectives of sustainable archaeology and contribute to this broader trajectory of practice in the province. Using the history of looting and archaeological conditions at Neutral Iroquoian (Attawandaron) sites, along with information from modern collectors, the paper reveals the persistent threat of looting and the necessity for action. I suggest the province, municipalities, and archaeological stakeholders deploy policies aimed at preserving these resources into the future. I advocate for a stewardship of personal and collective responsibility among property owners and hobbyists through educational initiatives, legal easement agreements, and existing legislative mandates to serve as a pragmatic step towards the long-term sustainable protection of these sites.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.20}, author = {Daniel A. Ionico} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {8998, title = {Tahltan Ethnoarchaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {164-166}, editor = {Robert R. Janes} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9090, title = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s Cove: A Prehistoric Site on Passamaquoddy Bay}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {089}, editor = {David L. Keenlyside} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11121, title = {Transformation By Fire: The Archaeology of Cremation in Cultural Context}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {222-225}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9242, title = {Teaching Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century (Susan J. Bender and George S. Smith, editors) and The Archaeology Education Handbook: Sharing the Past with Kids}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {150-156}, editor = {Martha A. Latta} } @article {9709, title = {A Thule Eskimo Stone Vessel Complex}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {021-049}, abstract = {

Diabase picks with ground tips were found at two Thule Eskimo sites (A.D. 1100-1300) in the central Canadian Arctic. These picks were probably used to manufacture stone cooking vessels of local dolomite. Similar pecked dolomite surfaces can be created experimentally with hand-held or hafted diabase picks. This Thule vessel manufacturing technique is similar to that used in shaping steatite vessels in the eastern and western U.S. Dolomite vessels appear most frequently at Thule sites in the central Canadian Arctic, whereas pottery vessels are common in the western Arctic and steatite vessels are common in the eastern Arctic. Local dolomite was probably used for containers where pottery and steatite were available in only limited quantity. Heavy dolomite vessels would typically be left at permanent winter village sites when Thule Eskimos left for spring-summer activities elsewhere. The presence of nonlocal pottery and steatite at these and similar sites reflects widespread trade networks for the movement of these materials.

}, author = {Allen P. McCartney and James M. Savelle} } @article {9710, title = {The Tozer Site Revisited: Implications for the Early Woodland Period in New Brunswick}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {157-166}, author = {Paul McEachen and Patricia Allen and Patrick Julig and Darrel G.F. Long} } @article {9713, title = {Technological Change in the Prehistoric Eskimo Cultural Tradition}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {039-052}, abstract = {Archaeologists generally interpret technological change on the level of {\textquotedblleft}industries{\textquotedblright} in functional terms, based on judgements of relative efficiency. Changes in several industries (chipped stone, ground slate, ceramics, bone) are traced through the 4000 year Eskimo cultural tradition, The patterns of technological development and replacement seen in these industries do not closely fit the models of technological change which we would expect if functional utility was the only factor causing change. It is argued that changes in technological industries may be usefully interpreted in terms of concepts such as {\textquotedblleft}style{\textquotedblright}. In pre-Industrial societies in which most people are both craftsmen and consumers of their own craft items, archaeological interpretation might usefully place more emphasis on individuals as craftsmen rather than solely as consumers of the most functionally efficient artifacts available to them.}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11945, title = {These Outer Shores: Archaeological Insights into Indigenous Lifeways Along the Exposed Coasts of British Columbia}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {294-297}, editor = {Katherine Patton} } @article {9723, title = {Through the Woods Whare Thare Ware Now Track Ways*: Kelsey, Henday and Trails in East Central Saskatchewan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {163-197}, abstract = {

Henry Kelsey and Anthony Henday were Hudson\&$\#$39;s Bay Company employees who traveled through east-central Saskatchewan in 1690-1692 and 1754-1755, respectively, but their actual routes are uncertain. We have approached this problem by reconstructing the regional 18th-century Aboriginal sociopolitical groups and their travelways. With this information, and route descriptions and place names provided by Kelsey and Henday, we propose the most likely routes they traveled through the lands of the Basquia, Sturgeon, and Pegogamaw Crees. Within these lands, a network of trails and waterways led to hunting and gathering areas, to spiritually charged sites, and to seasonal meeting places. Trails also led between these nations and it appears that Kelsey was escorted along a major trail that connected the Basquia and Sturgeon while Henday was taken along one that led between the Basquia and Pegogamaw Crees. In east-central Saskatchewan, a number of prominent archaeological sites have been recorded on or near some of these ancient trails. The existence of such travelways and their relationships to ancient cultural landscapes should be considered carefully in the course of ongoing archaeological fieldwork in this region.

}, author = {David Meyer and Dale Russell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9422, title = {Technology and Tradition in the Eastern Arctic, 2500~BC{\textendash}AD~1200: A Dynamic Technological Investigation of Lithic Assemblages from the Palaeo-Eskimo Traditions of Greenland}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {349-353}, editor = {S. Brooke Milne} } @Symposium Papers {10994, title = {Toward the Definition of a Prehistoric Athabaskan Culture}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {024-033}, author = {Richard~E.~Morlan} } @article {12170, title = {Temporal Constraints for Holocene Geomorphic Evolution at an Archaeological Locality Near Hardisty, East-Central Alberta: Hunter-Gatherer Interactions with the Landscape on the Northern Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {40-73}, abstract = {

Extended terrestrial geomorphic sequences that host well-dated depositional evidence of early to mid-Holocene human interactions with the physical landscape are relatively scarce on the northern Plains. The paucity of such records hampers studies that aim to examine human adaptations to environmental changes in the region during the Hypsithermal (ca.\ 9,000{\textendash}4,500 years ago). Where deposits occur, the absence of well-preserved contemporaneous organic material for radiocarbon dating highlights the need for alternative chronometers. In this study, we present new absolute chronologies from three archaeological sites in an eolian dune landscape in east-central Alberta that we determined using optically stimulated luminescence dating. The results show that between ca.\ 11,000{\textendash}2,000 years ago,\  the local landscape evolved through recurrent episodes of instability, interspersed with periods of soil development. The findings allow us to provide new insights on Holocene landscape evolution in the area and examine adaptations humans made to cope with the Hypsithermal environment, as evidenced by archaeological materials associated with hunting and camping.

}, author = {K. Munyikwa and R. Lindemann and R. Wondrasek and T.C. Kinnaird and D.C.W. Sanderson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9310, title = {Threads of Arctic Prehistory: Papers in Honour of William E. Taylor, Jr.}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {087-089}, editor = {Maribeth S. Murray} } @article {9768, title = {Tsouharissen{\textquoteright}s Chiefdom: An Early Historic 17th Century Neutral Iroquoian Ranked Society}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {131-146}, abstract = {

Archaeology, ethnohistory, and an oral tradition provide three streams of information to help recognise and define an early 17th century ranked society among the Neutral Iroquois of the Hamilton-Niagara region. Specific factors contributing to this definition include the presence of: a paramount chief with absolute authority over some ten tribes; settlement unit hierarchies; sizeable population density; massive warfare; long-distance trade; subsistence productivity; ranked burials; and indications of some part-time craft specialization. The historic Neutral Iroquois case illustrates a veritable chiefdom at a higher and more complex level of socio-political organization than other contemporaneous Iroquoian confederacies. This evolutionary advancement for the early 17th century Neutral developed, flourished, and collapsed during the life-time of paramount warrior-priest-chief, Tsouharissen (\&$\#$39;the Sun\&$\#$39;s Child\&$\#$39;).

}, author = {William C. Noble} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9455, title = {Taming the Taxonomy: Toward a New Understanding of Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {207-212}, editor = {James B. Peterson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9353, title = {The Thule Village at Brooman Point, High Arctic Canada}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {089-091}, editor = {Patrick Plumet} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9458, title = {Trademarks on Base-Metal Tableware}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {152-153}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9199, title = {A Theory of Athapaskan Prehistory}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {136-138}, editor = {R. Ridington} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9460, title = {Tram and Cameron: Two Early Contact Era Seneca Site. Vol.II.}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Sheryl Smith} } @article {12918, title = {Travaux arch{\'e}ologiques r{\'e}cents sur les Hurons-Wendat et les Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent : Introduction}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {121-133}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.121}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Alicia L. Hawkins and Louis Lesage} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9408, title = {The Turner Farm Fauna: 5000 Years of Hunting and Fishing in Penobscot Bay, Maine}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {196-200}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9096, title = {Thedford II: A Paleo-Indian Site in the Ausable River Watershed of Southwestern Ontario}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {138-141}, editor = {Peter L. Stork} } @inbook {11027, title = {The Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Interior: Pre-Contact Inuvialuit Landuse}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {127-149}, abstract = {Over a period of three field seasons, nine small pre-contact Inuvialuit sites, believed to be representative of the landuse in the interior of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, were recorded and tested. The sites tend to be located near the outlet streams of headwater lakes with known fishery potential, and their distribution straddles the historic territories of the Kittigarymiut and the Nuvurugmiut. Artifacts and faunal remains indicate that fish and waterfowl were processed intensively from early spring to mid or late summer, but evidence for caribou hunting is minimal. This raises questions concerning pre-contact Inuvialuit social organization and specialization of resource exploitation. A procedure to resolve these questions is proposed.}, author = {Ken Swayze}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Symposium Papers {10981, title = {Tanaina Archaeology in the Iliamna Lake Region, Alaska}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {034-041}, author = {Joan~B.~Townsend} } @article {9866, title = {Trace Element Analysis of Iroquoian Pottery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {119-145}, abstract = {

ties and differences in the chemical composition of Iroquoian ceramics between the 5t. Lawrence Valley and the area occupied by groups ancestral to the Huron and Tionontati; among individual St. Lawrence and Ontario Iroquoian sites; between Ontario and St. Lawrence-style sherds from the same Ontario Iroquoian sites; and among different longhouses within three Ontario Iroquoian villages. The findings indicate lines along which further research of this sort may prove valuable.\"

}, author = {B.G. Trigger and L. Yaffe and M. Diksic and J.-L. Galinier and H. Marshall and J.F. Pendergast} } @Symposium Papers {11000, title = {Temporal and Biological Dimensions of the Gray Site Population}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {119-130}, abstract = {From the beginning of work at the Gray Burial Site in southwestern Saskatchewan in 1969, it has been unclear whether the site was used by one or several groups, and whether use of the site was interrupted by one or more intervals of inactivity. This paper assesses old and new evidence bearing on these questions. Consideration is given to the existing radiocarbon dates, new fluorine dates, and cluster analyses of skeletal data. The author concludes that the Gray Site was probably used continuously by a single group of people for a protracted period.}, author = {William D. Wade} } @article {11805, title = {Theorizing Materiality}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {092-100}, author = {Christopher Watts} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9281, title = {Ts{\textquoteright}ishaa: Archaeology and Ethnography of a Nuu-chah-nulth Origin Site in Barkley Sound}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {330-332}, editor = {Gary Wessen} } @article {9888, title = {Thistle Hill (AhGx{\textendash}226): a Late Archaic House Pit Feature from Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {197}, author = {Philip Woodley} } @article {9889, title = {Trends and Consequences in Canadian Prehistory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {001-014}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

It is argued that the focus of most anthropology departments in Canadian universities is rapidly diverging from those traditional fields which provided a link of common interests between prehistorians and anthropologists. As a result, the training of archaeologists is beginning to suffer from the position of the discipline as a minor peripheral element in departments of anthropology. One possible solution to this situation lies in the breaking of traditional ties with anthropology, and the establishment of separate departments of archaeology in various parts of the country.

}, author = {James V. Wright and with comments by Bruce Drewitt and Patrick Plumet and Bruce G. Trigger and Richard G. Forbis and Roy L. Carlson} }