@Conference Paper {9955, title = {Site Survey in Grasslands National Park: Site Prediction and Usability Models}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {When surveys produce 1100 prehistorie sites and very little information about them, archaeological analysis becomes a problem. This paper reviews the site information from Grasslands National Park and presents conclusions on how the data can be used in predicting site locations and site relationships. It also demonstrates how cultural resource management principles can be applied to best manage the sites.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Conference Paper {9956, title = {Scotland, Prehistory, chloroform and cave sites: A legacy of thought}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The idea that caves held significance in later prehistoric and early medieval landscapes has long been mooted, and, in the case of northern Britain, has been driven by the dedicated interests of key figures in the history of archaeology, such as Sir Daniel Wilson and Sir James Young Simpson. These two men were multi-faceted scholars of great significance. In his seminal 1851 publication Arch{\ae}ology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, Wilson coined {\textquoteright}Prehistory{\textquoteright} and brought important ideas from Scandinavian scholarship to Britain and later to Canada. Simpson, in turn, is most widely known for his discovery and advocacy of how to successfully apply chloroform; however, he was also a leader for Scotland{\textquoteright}s archaeological community, bringing a wealth of wide-ranging knowledge and fresh perspectives to the field. Following on from Wilson and Simpson, a century and a half of research in Scotland identified cave sites as an aspect of early medieval settlement, and relates these places to the flowering of Gaelic monasticism. Nonetheless, there is a wider context for these sites and the fundamental similarities between early Christian communities across Britain and Ireland are at odds with this northern distribution. By considering the origins of our ideas for early medieval Britain, this paper targets the question of whether our perception of cave use may be skewed by the long history of Scottish interest in the topic. Given his prominence and long career at the University of Toronto, an unresolved question is to what extent Wilson{\textquoteright}s ideas affected his perception of cave sites in Canada.}, author = {Kristj{\'a}n Ahronson} } @Conference Paper {9968, title = {SOME PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN EARLY NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORIC SITES AND OTHER INTERESTING STUFF}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {This talk will present a collage of interesting unpublished sites that are on record with the New Brunswick Archaeological Services Branch. All of the sites or artifacts were reported by private land owners or members of the general public. The sites have been visited and recorded as a routine part of our Branch mandate. While most individually reported sites/artifacts can be attributed to a specific historical period or cultural group, some present more questions than they answer.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9052, title = {Structured Worlds: The Archaeology of Hunter-Gatherer Thought and Action}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {337-339}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @Conference Paper {9990, title = {A Snapshot in Time: The As-Found Recording of the Leonard Homestead in Southwestern Saskatchewan}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In November 2004, Stantec archaeologists conducted an as-found recording of the Leonard homestead (EaNu-21) near Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Initial observations indicated the homestead had perhaps been abandoned in the early 1940s, its owners departed, leaving personal items behind. Our detailed return visit, including extensive mapping and photography along with a thorough examination of the artefacts, revealed another story. The later life of an elderly bachelor and his association with the former owners is told through the material culture dating from the 1930s through to the early 1960s.Through the use of technologies such as electronic 3-point provenience mapping and geographical information systems (GIS), we were able to reconstruct the physical dimensions of the house. Dendrochronological analyses provided us with building repair and addition construction information. A digital photographic artefact catalogue was created to represent artifacts not collected (n=242).The reconstruction of the physical structures and the study of the artefactual remains enables us to more fully understand family and farming life on the Saskatchewan prairies.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie J. (Butch) and Belinda Riehl-Fitzsimmons} } @Conference Paper {9989, title = {Submerged Cabin (GiMo-1) Investigation at Neil Island, Churchill River, Saskatchewan}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In September 2004, a team of archaeologists and divers visited Neil Island on the Churchill River in eastern Saskatchewan, on behalf of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation. Cree Elders at Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan had long told stories of the inundation of several cabins, after construction of the Island Falls Dam in 1930. In the spring of 2004, Dale Russell gathered these oral histories and, using archival documents, maps and photographs, was able to suggest where we might find submerged evidence of these cabins as well as the remains of cabins not submerged by the flood. Using Dale{\textquoteright}s evidence we chose the dive location just off the west shore of Neil Island and testing locations on the island for the land-based study. We recovered two axe-notched logs, four rough-hewn planks and a copper and tin kettle from the lake, exactly where the oral tradition indicated we would. The testing on the island also revealed evidence of the reported cabin. Fresh from retrieving this evidence, we attended a feast with eight Elders of Sandy Bay, who filled us in on the details of who lived on the island and what life was like at the time. Tree-ring analyses suggest that one of the notched logs was cut down in 1918, further adding to the veracity of the oral tradition.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie J. (Butch) and Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin} } @Conference Paper {9995, title = {The Study of Skeletal Populations}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The evidence provided by the skeletons may contribute greatly to our understanding of the people who inhabited an archaeological site. Two particular aspects of study will be discussed and illustrated: 1. The incidence of inherited skeletal variations may be used to establish the biological relationship of populations and to determine microevolutionary trends. 2. The pattern of bone and tooth disease bears a close relationship to diet and other ecological factors.}, author = {Anderson, J.E.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12783, title = {Sex and Death on the Western Emigrant Trail: The Biology of Three American Tragedies}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {262{\textendash}264}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.262}, editor = {Leon Angelo, Camille G.} } @Conference Paper {10004, title = {St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 and an Examination of Groswater and Labrador Early Dorset Relationships in Labrador}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 in the Nain region of Labrador, was initially described as a Groswater site undergoing influence from Early Dorset. This paper intends to explore the relationship between the Groswater and Early Dorset in Labrador around 2500 B.P. By reviewing a number of lines of evidence from tool types, raw materials, site locations and overlapping dates this paper looks at the type of relationship the Groswater and Early Dorset may have had, and specifically where St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 fits in that relationship.}, author = {Anton, Elaine} } @Conference Paper {10017, title = {Structure and symbolism in activity areas of Northern Great Plains tipi rings: a method application at EbPi-108, a Late Plains occupation near Nanton,}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The spatial organization of activity areas, structure and symbolism in the organization and use of space of tipi rings at a multi ring site and multi component site, EbPi-108 in southern Alberta is examined and offers a test of the model as developed by Oetelaar (2000). The organization of fixed features including walls, entrances, hearths and altars provides a spatial and cultural context for the material culture recovered from tipi rings. Mechanical and symbolic aspects of the spatial organization can then be considered through an examination of distribution patterns of this refuse. Spatial analysis software plots sets of material culture data to reveal activity areas and helps to interpret their possible social and symbolic relationships. While the majority of spatial patterns support the model, there continues to be some ambiguity with some material culture classes such as lithic refuse in consideration of gender divisions. Additionally, evidence of status distinctions is weak for all types of material culture.}, author = {Arnold, Elizabeth and RAMSAY, Charles L. and RAMSAY, Allyson M.} } @article {9483, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {119-120}, author = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10028, title = {Subsurface Imaging of the Linear Mounds}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This presentation will present preliminary results of ground penetrating radar investigations at Linear Mounds National Historic Site of Canada, in southwestern Manitoba. The objectives of the project were to use remote sensing technology to gather data on the construction of the earthworks, and to document disturbances in the burial mounds associated with early archaeological explorations.}, author = {Arthurs, David} } @Conference Paper {10031, title = {A STUDY OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SOD HOUSES IN SOUTHERN LABRADOR}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Unlike the written documents which support an Inuit presence in the Strait of Belle Isle from as early as the sixteenth century, the Inuit presence is archaeologicaly noticeable only at the end of the eighteenth century. After a review of the history of the Labrador Inuit/European contacts, we discuss the results of the archaeological research, which focused on sod houses located on both shores of the Strait. The evidence from two type sites is described in detail in order to highlight the degree of architectural and material cultural similarity that existed between Labrador Inuit and Europeans. The similarities observed between the two ethnic groups show how complex it is to tell them apart, because of acculturation which worked both ways. It appears that the Inuit were attracted by the increased European fishing activities in the area. Finally, this research reveals that the first European settlers of the Strait of Belle Isle were building sod houses very similar to what we know of the nineteenth century Labrador Inuit.}, author = {R. Auger} } @inbook {11026, title = {Siglit Subsistence: Preliminary Report on Faunal Remains From a Large Midden at the Gupuk Site (NiTs-1), Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T.}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {95-116}, abstract = {A large quantity of well-preserved faunal material was excavated from a midden at the Mackenzie Delta site of Gupuk (NiTs-1), thought to have been the main village of the Siglit branch of the Mackenzie Inuit. The analysis of almost 38 000 non-cetacean bones and teeth recovered during the 1986 field season has revealed that Siglit subsistence was based on a wide variety of terrestrial, marine, riverine and lacustrine animals. Fish bones are very abundant, comprising over 67\% of the of the assemblage; the most abundant fish are burbot, inconnu and whitefish. The diversity of fish sizes indicates use of a number of fishing techniques, with netting probably the most important. Caribou, moose, seal, waterfowl, ptarmigan and grouse, and several small game species, especially muskrat, also played important roles in subsistence.}, author = {Darlene McCuaig Balkwill and Anne Meachem Rick}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10060, title = {Some results from the study of small archaeological sites}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Results from two separate studies carried out on small sites are presented. The importance of small, limited activity sites in hunter-gatherer systems is well known from a number of recent ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological studies. However, it is these kinds of sites which continue to receive little attention in archaeological projects, both at the pure research and applied levels. To underline the potential and importance of these site types we present results from studies undertaken on two separate projects, one of which was strictly research oriented and the other a CRM contract project.}, author = {Ball, B. and B. Spurling} } @Conference Paper {10065, title = {Shell Remains and Prehistoric Shellfishing in Prince Rupert Harbour, Northern British Columbia.}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Although vertebrate remains such as those of salmon, sea otter, deer and sea birds are relatively abundant in midden sites in Prince Rupert Harbour, invertebrate remains are by far the dominant fauna at sites in this area, and shell remains are often the primary component of midden deposits. However, invertebrate remains at sites around Prince Rupert have received little attention, and prehistoric shellfishing as an important and organised economic activity in the harbour area has not been considered. Emphasising in this paper the capacity of shell remains to inform us about settlement, subsistence, and household organisation on the Northwest Coast, I discuss ethnographic and ethnohistoric information on aboriginal shellfishing practices in Prince Rupert Harbour and in other areas on the Coast, and I present and discuss new (preliminary) data on size, abundance and variability of shell remains from column samples at four prehistoric middens in Prince Rupert Harbour.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10064, title = {Small Site Archaeology on the Northern Northwest Coast: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement and Resource Procurement in Prince Rupert Harbour}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For the most part, archaeological research on the Northwest Coast has concentrated on the excavation and interpretation of large village sites. While the focus on villages has yielded significant insights into resource distribution, we know very little about the locations where resources were obtained. Although it is likely that some resource procurement took place at villages, the abundance of small, non-village midden sites in Prince Rupert Harbour suggests that foods and raw materials were also obtained from resource procurement sites in the surrounding microenvironments. However, we have a very limited understanding of the structure, variation and distribution of procurement sites in Prince Rupert Harbour, and of their role in settlement, subsistence and social organisation. This paper presents preliminary results from archaeological investigations at three small midden sites in Prince Rupert, with an emphasis on site function and season of use. Initial results suggest some specialization of resource use and possibly year-round occupation of the harbour area.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10086, title = {Shamanka II : un nouveau cimeti{\'e}re n{\'e}olithique sur le lac Ba{\"\i}kal}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Vladimir Bazaliiski and Andrzej WEBER} } @Conference Paper {10097, title = {Sod House Structure Architecture of the 19th Century Labrador M{\'e}tis}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The use of sods in house structure construction was common throughout the Labrador coast since the Labrador Inuit first entered the region. Since sod house structures are well suited for this environment, they were quickly adapted and used by a wide variety of different cultures and groups throughout Labrador. The use of sod structures by Inuit, seasonal fishers and permanent European settlers has littered the coast with sod house remains. This paper will discuss how the architecture of a recently excavated 19th century Labrador M{\'e}tis sod house structure compares and contrasts to those of the other cultural groups in the region. Differences in the architectural features, house layout and methods of construction are apparent, and outlining these differences is the preliminary step in creating an archaeological definition of the Labrador M{\'e}tis that could be used to help determine cultural affiliation of sod house structures on the Labrador Coast.}, author = {Matthew Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10105, title = {Stratigraphic Considerations of Housepit Construction Along The Maine Coast}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Housepit remains are common in the Maine-Maritime region. Many have been recognized along the coastal zone of Maine and New Brunswick. Housepits present problems in the qualitative interpretation of stratigraphy. Aboriginal digging activities disturb, destroy and reorganize pre-existing strata. By digging into subsoil, no pre-existing strata would be damaged; however, subsoil could be re-deposited over other strata. Excavation of a pit into pre-existing shell midden or a pre-existing housepit disturbs cultural strata and their associated artifacts. To conceptualize digging activities, the term {\textquoteright}Building Episode{\textquoteright} is used. Building Episodes consist of cultural and natural events leading to the development of archaeological remains referred to as housepits. Examples of building episodes and their implications for shell midden deposition are drawn from the Knox site, East Penobscot Bay.}, author = {William R. Belcher} } @Conference Paper {10113, title = {The Smuland Creek Site (GdQn-1) and Implications for Palaeoindian Site Prospection in the Peace Region of Northwestern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {CRM survey of a pipeline corridor stretching across uplands to the southeast of Grande Prairie resulted in the discovery of the Smuland Creek site. Preliminary testing yielded an artifact assemblage diagnostic of earliest prehistoric times in the Peace Region. The elevation of the site lies within the range of strandline features associated with the uppermost and earliest levels of Glacial Lake Peace (Bessborough Stage). Further survey in the immediate area resulted in the identification of an upland beach ridge that yielded additional prehistoric artifacts but no diagnostics. Previous archaeological research in the area has recognized potential associations between palaeoindian sites and younger phases of Glacial Lake Peace development (Clayhurst Stage). The new discoveries present evidence for earlier human presence in the region that may be associated with older, upland glacial lake features. The merits of this hypothesis are examined, and the implications for palaeoindian site prospection and predictive modeling in the region are discussed.}, author = {Bereziuk, Darryl A. and Gordon M. Moore} } @Conference Paper {10117, title = {The Status of Women in British Columbia Archaeology}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Recent studies in Europe, Australia, and the United States show that women and men participate diff{\'e}rently in archaeology and that the definition of professional success is androcentric. This paper documents gender-related differences in opportunities and achievements in British Columbia archaeology over time, using documentary sources and life experiences. Problems in measuring status, contribution, and achievement are addressed.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick and Sandra K. Zacharias} } @Conference Paper {10116, title = {A Stitch In Time: Recovering The Antiquity Of A Coast Salish Basket Type}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Basketry artifacts, which comprise some of the more culturally distinctive archaeological finds on the Northwest Coast, have been of little use in the Coast Salish area for tracking continuity into modern times. The introduction of coiled basketry very early in the post-contact era combined with a dearth of archaeological specimens from the past 1,500 years obscure the heuristic potential of basketry. New insight is provided by a waterlogged specimen made entirely in cross-stitch wrapping that was found at a site (DhRq 19) in the Fraser estuary. Dated to 900{\textpm}100 BP, it is technologically analogous to baskets made with exotic materials (raffia) by Coast Salish basket-makers in Washington state.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @article {9494, title = {Status of Women in British Columbia Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {079-086}, abstract = {

Recent studies in Europe, Australia, and the United States show that women and men participate differently in archaeology and that the definition o f professional success is androcentric. This paper documents gender-related differences in opportunities and achievements in British Columbia archaeology through time. Problems in measuring status, contribution, and achievement are addressed.

}, author = {Kathryn Bernick and Sandra K. Zacharias} } @Conference Paper {10121, title = {The Scowlitz Wet Site}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent investigations of the waterlogged component at Scowlitz (DhR1-16W) in the Fraser valley of southwestern British Columbia, illustrate the socio-political complexities of the process of doing archaeology. Aboriginal administrators, individual band members, university educators, students, volunteers, wet-site archaeologists, conservators, and government managers see the project from different, intersecting perspectives. The concerned parties do not have the same goals for research, resource management, and public awareness. Thus, the methods as well as the results of the archaeological investigations reflect multiple, sometimes conflicting, lines of thinking. This paper attempts to mirror reality through simultaneous consideration of disparate viewpoints.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9097, title = {Subsistence and Culture in the Western Canadian Arctic: A Multicontextual Approach}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {129-132}, author = {Matthew W. Betts}, editor = {Susan Dermarkar} } @article {9495, title = {Spatial Behaviour of Prehistoric Arctic Hunters: Analysis of the Site Distribution on Aston Bay, Somerset Island, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {033-045}, abstract = {

Cultural and spatial analyses of prehistoric sites on Aston Bay suggest that behaviour was spatially patterned, and that the pattern changed through time. Early Arctic Small Tool tradition people were exploring adaptational possibilities, wintering on the coast and travelling inland during the summer. Dorset people, in contrast, used the coast as a stop on their journies between the sea ice and the interior. Thule people found the area relatively unsuitable for occupation. The relevance of the study for method and theory is discussed.

}, author = {E. Bielawski} } @Conference Paper {10132, title = {Spatial behaviour among prehistoric Arctic hunters}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Four study hypotheses about spatial patterns in the archaeological site distribution on Aston Bay, Somerset Island, NWT are presented. These identify variables assumed to have affected site location choice made by early Arctic small tool tradition, Dorset Culture and Thule culture groups. The study indicates differences in spatial behaviour among the three prehistoric groups, adding to understanding of changing adaptation to the Arctic environment through time. The study also yields the conclusions that a regional approach coupled with systematic data collection and quantitative analysis reveals subtle variability in the Arctic archaeological record, and that anthropology provides the explanatory theory for interpretation of prehistoric spatial behaviour.}, author = {E. Bielawski} } @Conference Paper {10133, title = {A Search for the Public Interest in the Cultural Resource Management Industry in Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The growth of consulting archaeology in Ontario over the past twenty-five years has resulted in a situation where professional practitioners now undertake hundreds of projects each year. New sites are revealed every day in the cities and neighbourhoods that we live in and the vast majority of these rediscoveries occur without receiving a ripple of acknowledgement in the community. This raises questions about accountability, and it has been suggested that archaeologists have an obligation to public education and outreach. The results of a recent survey undertaken among archaeological practitioners in Southern Ontario suggests that the current system of cultural resource management in this province is lacking in policies and practices that permit meaningful communication with the public.}, author = {Jennifer Birch} } @Conference Paper {10139, title = {SOURCES OF EXOTIC LITHICS FROM LATE WOODLAND COMPONENTS ON THE BLISS ISLANDS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The Bliss Islands archaeological site inventory includes three Late Maritime Woodland (CP4-CP5) components dating ca. 1,050-1,350 BP (ca. AD 600-900), which contain significant amounts of exotic flaked lithic artifacts and debitage. We have conducted hand-specimen examinations and thin-sectioned selected lithics to identify the materials represented, and have compared them to samples from known sources on the Maritime Peninsula, to determine the sources of the exotic lithics. Our research shows that, at least on the Bliss Islands, the use of most exotic lithics is restricted to a relatively brief period. We conclude that native people living on the islands at that time acquired lithic materials that originated from widely separated sources in northern interior Maine, interior New Brunswick, the Minas Basin of Nova Scotia, and, perhaps, from Prince Edward Island and Quebec}, author = {BLACK, David and Lucy Wilson and Shianne L. MACDONALD} } @Conference Paper {10137, title = {Seasonality of Modern and Archaeological Soft-Shelled Clams From the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Recently, there has been some controversy regarding interpretations; of the seasonality of prehistoric shellfishing on the Northeast coast of North America. In this paper, a study of the seasonality of soft-shelled clams, Mya arenaria, the most common archaeological shellfish in northern New England and Maritime provinces sites, is reported. Eighty-eight modern clams from the Quoddy region, and 266 archaeological clams from 9 prehistoric sites in the insular Quoddy region, were thin-sectioned, and their growth patterns analyzed. A model of the annual growth cycle of the clams is presented. The seasonality of prehistoric shellfishing is interpreted in light of this model. In the insular Quoddy region, shellfishing appears to have been predominantly a spring/early summer activity; however, there is evidence for seasonality differences among sites and for changes in seasonality through time.}, author = {David W. Black and Annette Wilkins} } @Conference Paper {10143, title = {Sources g{\'e}ologiques et distributions arch{\'e}ologiques de chert translucide au Nouveau-Brunswick}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {David W. Black and Blair, Susan E. and Brent D. Suttie} } @Conference Paper {10140, title = {{\textquoteright}Strata as a Complex Patchwork": Stratification and Stratigraphic Analysis of the Weir Site}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The Weir site, located on the Bliss Islands in the insular Quoddy region of southern New Brunswick, is a large deep, complexly and distinctly stratified shell midden in an unusually intact state of preservation. The site was occupied from ca. 2400 B.P. to ca. 1200 B.P. An excavated area of 22m2 contains 15 major layers and features, most of which are internally stratified. The site has been analyzed using the techniques developed by Edward Harris, Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. In this paper the stratigraphy of the site is summarized, and some general issues in the stratigraphic analysis of anthropogenic deposits, such as shell middens, are addressed.}, author = {David W. Black and Becky A. Southern and Pamela E. Kaufman} } @Conference Paper {10187, title = {Souplesse du r{\^o}le assign{\'e} {\`a} chacun des sexes et intervention sociale en arch{\'e}ologie pal{\'e}oesquimaude ancienne}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Sarah Bonesteel} } @Conference Paper {10226, title = {Saving Face: Experiments in Rock Art Conservation at Writing-On-Stone}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park has one of the largest concentrations of Aboriginal rock art found anywhere in western North America. Much of the rock art suffers - or has been completely lost - as a result of erosion of loosely cemented sandstone bedrock. An on-going research project has investigated ways to strengthen the near-surface bedrock using the product CONSERVARE OH. Results indicate that this silica-based product penetrates the sandstone to a depth of about 3 cm and provides an increase in rock strength of about 300\%. It is concluded that CONSERVARE would be effective in retarding erosion of certain rock art panels but would not be No deleterious effects of CONSERVARE have been observed, although it is noted that the product may interfere with some future research such as attempts to date rock art. Studies designed to monitor the long term effects of treatment with CONSERVARE have been initiated. Application to actual rock art surfaces has not yet taken place. Preliminary consultation with First Nations groups indicates approval of use of this technique to help prolong the life of rock art.}, author = {Jack Brink and Ian A. CAMPBELL} } @Conference Paper {10232, title = {Small sites in the northern Alberta mountains and foothills}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Archaeological surveys and excavations in the Grande Cache/Wilmore wilderness region of Alberta have identified small sites as a dominant expression of the prehistory of the area. The nature, location and content of these sites is discussed. The sites are compared to the larger, excavated sites from the same region, and relationships explored. Comments on the meaning of these small sites in a regional prehistoric context are offered.}, author = {Brink, J.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9032, title = {The Sjovold Site: A River Crossing Campsite in the Northern Plains}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {085-086}, editor = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10231, title = {The Stories of Buffalo Bird Woman: Lessons in Bison Carcass Use and Abandonment}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Gilbert Wilson{\textquoteright}s book The Horse and the Dog in Hidatsa Culture (1924) provides compelling accounts of Contact Period bison hunting, especially the stories of his prime informant, Buffalo Bird Woman. In particular, she recounts a long and complex pedestrian buffalo hunt, using dogs and travois, which took place in about 1870. Buffalo Bird Woman provides a unique view on bison hunting, butchering, processing, caching, consumption and transport. She also gives a voice to complex decision making processes that her group grappled with concerning the differing strategies of searching for new kills as opposed to continued reliance on cached food. Analysis of the use and discard of bison carcass parts by Hidatsa hunters indicates a preference for portions associated with greatest weight of fat and marrow, not weight of muscle tissue or muscle plus fat tissue. On the other hand, certain habits of carcass discard or retention appear to be idiosyncratic and defy modeling with indices of nutritional utility. The tales of Buffalo Bird Woman provide a realistic charting of the fate of skeletal elements and help us understand the formation of archaeological assemblages.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10235, title = {The Squaw Rockshelter (33CU34): A Stratified Site in Cuyahoga County, Ohio}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Squaw Rockshelter site (33CU34), located along a tertiary tributary to Lake Erie in Northeast Ohio, contained stratified sealed deposits. A small remnant dated 9240{\textpm}160 B.P., yielded fragments of a human skeleton, unifacial and bifacial scrapers, unstemmed lancoolate points, and a corner-removed indented-based point. Additional lanceolate and bifurcate-base points have been recovered eroded from this site. The early Archaie lithic assemblage included both Plano projectile points of the Great Lakes region and corner-notched types of the Southern Appalachians. This site has provided evidence on the relationships of these point styles and the early Holocene cultural complexes from the lower Great Lakes region.}, author = {Brose, David S.} } @Conference Paper {10245, title = {SIMS oxygen isotope analysis of human dental tissues from Fidler Mounds (EaLf-3), MB: mobility during Manitoba{\textquoteright}s Middle and Late Woodland period}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to obtain stable oxygen isotope data from the dental tissues of 12 individuals once interred at Fidler Mounds (EaLf-3), a cemetery mound site located in south-central Manitoba, 19 kilometers north of Winnipeg. Fidler Mounds was originally constructed c.1800BP and was utilized as a burial ground by precontact peoples in Manitoba for approximately 1000 years thereafter. The use of SIMS allowed the researcher to obtain several in situ _18O values from each individual{\textquoteright}s intact cementum, dentin and enamel. These values show that mobility patterns during Manitoba{\textquoteright}s middle and late Woodland period were extremely complex and varied. Additionally, intra-tissue _18O variability recorded through SIMS analysis indicates that traditional mass spectrometry may not be appropriate for assessing migration patterns within highly mobile populations.}, author = {Rachel ten Bruggencate and Robert D. Hoppa and Mostafa J. Fayek} } @Conference Paper {10249, title = {Settlement and Subsistence Systems within Southwestern Alberta: A Summary ofData from the Oldman River Dam Archaeological Project}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Oldman River Dam Archaeological mitigation project gathered considerable evidence regarding regional landuse, settlement and subsistence. The author presents a summary of that data within a regional cultural and temporal framework.}, author = {BRUMLEY, John H.} } @Conference Paper {10252, title = {Shellfish Harvesting Patterns at the Dundas Islands Group}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This research uses a subset of data which contributes to a larger project focusing on shellfish analysis and harvesting strategies from the Dundas Islands Group in northern British Columbia. Relative ages of bivalves obtained from growth increment profiles of the Butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) were identified in order to examine variability in site-level collection strategies. The results from two camps and two villages indicate intensive levels of shellfish collection at these locations. This suggests that that shellfish were an important dietary contribution, and may have played a critical role in sustaining the population at village sites.}, author = {Miranda Brunton and Meghan Burchell} } @article {11807, title = {Stable Isotope Research in Canadian Archaeology: The Next 50 Years}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {115-123}, author = {Meghan Burchell and Alison Harris} } @Conference Paper {10269, title = {Shellfish Analysis from the Dundas Island Group}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {This paper presents the methodology and preliminary results of shellfish analysis from sites on the Dundas Islands Group. Growth increment profiles of sectioned butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus) are used to interpret collection strategies, which can range from intensive harvesting of shellfish to light-casual collection. The variability in shellfish collection, and potential long-term harvesting strategies are interpreted through the comparison of growth increment profiles from different sites. Stable isotope analysis is also applied to determine potential patterns in seasonal collection strategies.}, author = {Meghan Burchell and Aubrey Cannon and Darren Grocke} } @Conference Paper {10283, title = {Seasonal Indicators at Blaefish Caves, Yukon Territory: Seasonal Mortality and Age Profiles for Horse (Equus lambei)}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In addition to having yielded the earliest evidence of human occupation of eastern Beringia, the Bluefish Caves of northem Yukon, Canada, have also provided us with the largest and most complex in situ late PIeistocene fauna ever recorded in this region, if not in all of Beringia. This paper presents some preliminary research results on an important component of die Bluefish fauna, the equids (Equus lambei). More specifically, it presents data derived from the study of seasonal mortality profiles of these now extinct Beringian small horses. Estimates of season of death, used in this research, are obtained from a skeleto-chronologicaI study of a relatively large sample of horse teeth recovered from these three caves. Age profiles are also obtained using this technique. Seasonal mortality and age profiles of equid assemblages from the three Bluefish caves are compared. In contributing to the reconstruction of Full and Late Glacial landscapes in the Bluefish region, as well as in the large region of eastern Beringia, this research provides us with the means to investigate further the so-called {\textquoteright}productivity paradox{\textquoteright}, and may thus lead to a better appreciation of very ancient and poorly understood forms of human adaptation.}, author = {A. Burke and J. Cinq-Mars} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9026, title = {The Swordfish Hunters: The History and Ecology of an Ancient American Sea People}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {331-333}, editor = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Conference Paper {10270, title = {SQUELETTOCHRONOLOGIE APPLIQU{\'e}E {\`a} L{\textquoteright}{\'e}TUDE DES SAISONS DE CHASSE AU PL{\'e}NIGLACLAIRE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {De nombreuses techniques existent permettant l{\textquoteright}observation des lignes de croissance dans le c{\'e}ment des dents de mammif{\'e}res terrestres. Celles-ci peuvent {\^e}tre corr{\'e}l{\'e}es, chaque technique nous apportant des informations diff{\'e}rentes sur la nature des structures observ{\'e}es. Cependant, la technique la plus {\'e}fficace pour l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du mat{\'e}riel fossile et sub-fossile reste l{\textquoteright}observation au microscope, sous lumi{\'e}re transmise, de lames minces non-d{\'e}calcifi{\'e}es. Dans cette {\'e}tude, des observations de dents actuelles de cheval ont {\'e}t{\'e} faites et il en r{\'e}sulte un mod{\'e}le d{\textquoteright}apposition du ciment chez cette esp{\'e}ce qui diff{\'e}re de celui d{\'e}j{\`a} observ{\'e} chez d{\textquoteright}autres ongul{\'e}s. Ce mod{\'e}le a {\'e}t{\'e} appliqu{\'e} {\`a} lanalyse microscopique sous lumi{\'e}re transmise (ordinaire et polaris{\'e}e) de dents fossiles provenant de sites pr{\'e}historiques (18,000 {\`a} 14,000 B.P.) du Sud Ouest de la France. Une estimation de l{\textquoteright}importance saisoni{\'e}re du cheval vis {\`a} vis le renne dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}conomie humaine de cette r{\'e}gion est faite, bas{\'e}e sur cette analyse et les donn{\'e}es de Gordon (1989). Les r{\'e}sultats obtenus de cette analyse nous permettent de souligner l{\textquoteright}importance de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement d{\textquoteright}un {\'e}chantiflon de contr{\^o}le, ainsi qu{\textquoteright}une analyse histologique approfondie, permettant une meilleure comprehension du mod{\'e}le de d{\'e}p{\^o}t du c{\'e}ment pour l{\textquoteright}esp{\'e}ce {\'e}tudi{\'e}e. Les r{\'e}sultats arch{\'e}ologiques qui d{\'e}coulent de cette {\'e}tude nous permettent de constater une certaine compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} entre le cheval et le renne dans les sites arch{\'e}ologiques du Pl{\'e}niglaciaire dans le Sud Ouest de la France.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @article {9515, title = {Specialization and the Evolution of Complex Society in the Gulf of Georgia Region}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {131-143}, abstract = {The Coast Salish cultural pattern is viewed as a specialized hunting and gathering adaptation which has evolved out of a more generalized format. Accepting the interface between the Locarno Beach and Marpole culture types (circa 400 B.C.) as the transition point, it is difficult to recognize either the stimulus behind such a development or the mechanism by which it occurred. It is maintained that the Hope/Yale region of the Fraser Canyon is a locale better suited, in an ecological sense, for the generalized to specialized transformation. It is also suggested that immigration or full population movement from that area to the Fraser delta formed the basis for subsequent developments.}, author = {David Burley} } @Conference Paper {10288, title = {Scarcity, abundance and steady state procurement systems: towards an understanding of east coast/west coast cultural developments}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Despite similarities in the range of exploitable resources and associated technological capacities, the indigenous peoples of the northeast and northwest coasts of North America had markedly divergent paths in a cultural evolutionary perspective. It is argued that such a differential development is related to varied intensities of specialization on the salmon resource and basic differences in the anadromy of species within this resource. The Pacific salmon, due to its once-only spawning cycle, has been described as producing extreme periods of both scarcity and abundance. Procurement and preservation strategies require large scale cooperation, regularized labour organization and some formalized mechanism for intra group redistribution. These traits are suggested to be the foundation stones for the ethnographic northwest coast cultural pattern. The Atlantic salmon, on the other hand, is available throughout the warm weather period thus providing a steady state resource. Seasonal scheduling to exploit this species is integrated into a generalized subsistence strategy whereby several resources can be procured simultaneously. Subsistence pursuits are best carried out by small, mobile groups of egalitarian hunters and gatherers.}, author = {David Burley} } @article {9556, title = {On the spatial analysis of a plowed site at Bartibog}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {82-105}, author = {David Burley} } @article {9519, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story\&"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {099-101}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10314, title = {Species Identification of Shellfish Material from Four Sites in the Dundas Islands, British Columbia: An Examination of Variation in Collection Practi}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This research examines shellfish obtained through bucket-auger sampling of four shell midden sites in the Dundas Island Group, located off the northern coast of British Columbia. Shell fragments >8mm were identified to species level. Samples were analyzed from each twenty centimeter interval from the augers, making it possible to observe variability in site level collection practices. The results from the analysis suggest a relationship between collection practices, species availability and local ecology. Interpretations regarding the availability of shellfish resources are explored, focusing on environmental and cultural factors.}, author = {Krystal L. Cameron and Meghan Burchell and Trevor J. Orchard} } @Conference Paper {10329, title = {Shell Growth Increments and Shellfish Harvesting Strategies on the Central British Columbia Coast}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Growth increment analyses of clam shell from sites on the central coast of British Columbia show evidence of distinct strategies of shellfish collection between site locations. The growth increment profiles of sectioned shells suggest at least three different collection modes. These include casual use of shellfish from the immediate vicinity of smaller campsites, intensive harvest of shellfish at specialized gathering locations, and periodic forays from base camps and villages for the selective gathering of clams from multiple locations in the site vicinity. The more intensive collection strategies appear to have involved sustainable selection of older clams. Specific strategies were sustained over millennia at different site locations.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and Meghan Burchell and Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Conference Paper {10328, title = {Supernatural Perceptions in the Settlement History of the Central British Columbia Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Recent research indicates a brief period of rapid expansion in the number of winter villages in the Namu vicinity on the central coast of British Columbia at around 2500 BP. This coincides with a period of decline and instability in the Namu salmon-fishing economy. This pattern of long-term winter-village settlement at Namu, followed by a short period of expansion in the number of villages, and subsequent renewed stability appears to have been governed by perceptions of the supernatural basis of resource availability and the demands of annual ceremonies to ensure resource renewal, rather than by the physical availability or productivity of resources in the region.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10323, title = {Shell Middens, Field Methods, and Theory in Northwest Coast Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The recent history of Pacific Northwest Coast archaeology shows how strategies of shell midden investigation have influenced interpretive frameworks. Vertical excavations of limited areal extent, well suited to early cultural historical research, have also contributed to linear evolutionary interpretations. These have been reinforced to some extent by more recent horizontal excavations of surface features, which are designed to investigate settlement patterns and social organization. Vertical and horizontal excavations, which are constrained by the depth and complexity of shell midden sites to limited areas of single-sites, tend to promote these more general, but often decontextualized interpretations based on ethnographic reconstruction and linear evolution. Alternative strategies of multi-site investigation, in contrast, highlight the role of contingency and agency in particular historical contexts.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @article {9524, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {112-114}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @article {11247, title = {Standardization, Reliability, and Paleoindian Ovate Biface Production: A View from 20-Cl-227, the Round Lake Site Cache, Clinton County, Michigan, USA}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {297{\textendash}318}, abstract = {

Biface caches may be one of the most distinctive and enigmatic aspects of Paleoindian behavior. Here we contribute to discussion of this phenomenon by presenting an analysis and interpretation of a heretofore unreported biface cache, consisting of 24 ovate bifaces and a single large flake blank, documented in 1981 from the Round Lake locality (20-CL-227), Clinton County, Michigan, USA. Analysis of metric and non-metric attributes support an interpretation that the cached bifaces are, more probable than not, early Paleoindian in age, and are most likely attributable to the Gainey fluted point phase (ca. 11,500{\textendash}10,800 14C B.P.). Moreover, the cache is distinguished by a high degree of standardization, and represents the same intentional point in the chaine op{\'e}ratoire of fluted biface manufacture, suggesting production by a single individual. As a necessary complement to our technological analysis of the cache, we situate our interpretation of the Round Lake cache within the broader regional context of Great Lakes Paleoindian behavior.

}, author = {Dillon H. Carr and William A. Lovis} } @Conference Paper {10360, title = {Southampton Beach Shipwrecks Project: The excavation, lifting and reburial of an 1870{\textquoteright}s stone-hooker work barge discovered under the sand of a La}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The investigation of shipwreck frame tips, exposed by low water levels along the shore of Lake Huron led to the discovery that two vessels - from different periods - were buried in the same location under the sand of a Southampton, Ontario, beach. One of the vessels was a stone-hooker work barge from the 1870{\textquoteright}s period of harbour construction in the Southampton area. In order to protect the work barge from intermittent exposure and wave damage on the beach, it was fully excavated in the spring of 2007, lifted by crane and moved to a new, deeper resting place further north on the beach. This paper describes both the excavation and the complex task of lifting, moving and reburying the vessel. It also illustrates how the detailed recording of the vessel has provided what may be the only existing record of how these sturdy little workhorse vessels - ubiquitous on the Great Lakes in the era of sail - were constructed.}, author = {Kenneth A. Cassavoy} } @Conference Paper {10359, title = {Southampton Beach Shipwrecks Site: Artifacts and Archives - Identifying a shipwreck, buried on the Lake Huron shore, as the Royal Navy Brig H.M.S. Gen}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In 2001, low water levels on Lake Huron exposed several frame tips of a shipwreck buried under the sand of a Southampton, Ontario, beach. A series of archaeological excavations between 2001 and 2004 revealed and documented the buried hull of an unidentified early 19th-century Great Lakes sailing vessel. This paper describes how the subsequent analysis of artifacts from the shipwreck, combined with lengthy archival research, culminated in the positive identification of the hull as the War of 1812 British Royal Navy Brig H. M.S. General Hunter.}, author = {Kenneth A. Cassavoy} } @Conference Paper {10367, title = {Saint Lawrence Valley Prehistory - the last 25 years (1975-2000)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Saint Lawrence Valley is still considered a major prehistoric highway and the last 25 years of archaeological research have confirmed its dominant position in the Northeast. Significant advances in key issues such as the peopling, the development of regional identities, the changing interaction networks, the evolution of pottery and the emergence of settled life and agriculture will be synthesized. A cursory look at the Contact Period and at the prospective of archaeology in {\textquoteright}la Belle Province{\textquoteright} will also be addressed.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @article {9528, title = {Some Artifacts-Diagnostic Criteria of Quartzite Cobble-Tool Industries from Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {061-074}, abstract = {

Two sets of chronologically and culturally distinct artifact assemblages from the Western Alberta Plains are compared in terms of particular stone flaking patterns exemplified on clastic rocks (quartzite cobbles) of similar structural and mechanical properties. Although recorded in specific geo-archaeological contexts - from beneath early Late Wisconsinan glacial deposits at Calgary, and within shallow, late Holocene subsurface lake deposit along the shore of Lesser Slave Lake, respectively - both lithic collections show identical culture-diagnostic stone modification attributes. Overall similarities in the raw material procurement strategies, use, and the applied cobble-tool percussion techniques suggest an analogous, expedient character of the produced artifacts. In spite of the high-energy, post-depositional glacial and glaciolacustrine environments at the deeply buried (15-25 m) Bow Valley sites, most of the recorded artifacts manifest meticulous cobble-face flaking and edge-retouching, indicating occasionally even a higher degree of flaking control than encountered in the Middle to Late Prehistoric period site on Lesser Slave Lake. Lack of obliteration of the culture-diagnostic lithic artifact attributes suggests a very good potential for preservation of early archaeological sites in Canada in areas formerly affected by glaciation.

}, author = {Jiri Chlachula and Raymond LeBlanc} } @Conference Paper {10391, title = {Small sites and predator-prey relationships in the Kootenay region}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and northern Idaho displays great environmental diversity in which small sites are a typical archaeological manifestation. Interpretation of data from individual sites by themselves is often difficult because of sparse cultural deposits. However, if the sites are considered as activity areas within larger environmentally defined units, hypotheses can be generated which will allow for efficient and meaningful data retrieval from individual sites if their excavation is necessary. In this paper, site patterning in three distinct econiches is interpreted utilizing prey species ecology and ethnographic data. Site density, spatial relationships, and functional complexity are hypothesized to be strongly related to whether moose, deer, or bison were the prey.}, author = {Choquette, W.} } @article {12862, title = {Situating Copper Crescents}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {077-092}, abstract = {

This report considers copper crescent-shaped objects from Ontario, contextualizing them within broader archaeological discussions of the Old Copper Complex. I focus on a small assemblage of antiquarian-collected crescents from the Royal Ontario Museum. A literature review comprises the bulk of this report; crescents recovered from sites located in the center of the Old Copper Complex, in current-day Wisconsin and Michigan, help to situate examples in the antiquarian collection. I discuss crescents in terms of their chronological and geographic breadth, their formal variation, and the different depositional contexts in which they are found. Three examples from the antiquarian collection represent novel forms of copper crescent that are not represented in the accepted typology. Two of these, collected approximately 1,600\ km apart from one another, closely resemble stone and copper ulu knives, each with a unique copper handle that once bore a haft. By situating this particular collection within broader discussions of native copper, this report demonstrates the continued importance of thinking through poorly-contextualized archaeological collections while remembering the limitations of rigid, typological thinking.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.77}, author = {Craig N. Cipolla} } @Conference Paper {10422, title = {Some Problems, Answers and Wishes for Historic Period Ceramics}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {A lack of interest on the part of some researchers and a lack of careful study on the part of others has led to unsatisfactory presentation and utilization of ceramic material in the great majority of historic period archaeological reports. Although several typologies have been offered in recent years, most of these suffer from a lack of knowledge of ceramic technology, from imprecise logic and from failure to reflect meaningful data. The Artifact Research Laboratory of the National Historic Sites Service has oriented some of its research towards the determination, quantification and adequate expression of those characteristics that reflect the technological, temporal, spatial and functional qualities of the material. The problems of classification are not yet solved but temporary measures have to be taken to assure adequate communication and proper utilization of data both by the archaeologist and the researchers.}, author = {Cloutier, Jean-Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10430, title = {Sealing and Whaling: Transitions in Eastern Arctic Paleoeconomies}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The importance of bowhead whales in Classic Thule diets has been a topic of ongoing debate. Some researchers have argued that bowheads were scavenged for meat and bone, the latter used primarily for construction of residential dwellings. Others have argued that bowheads were actively hunted in open sea umiaks and made a significant contribution to Thule diets, warranting the maintenance of winter villages at vantage points along bowhead migration routes. Recent research highlighting the correlation between household caches of whaling gear and metal tools, has furthered interest in Thule subsistence strategies. Here I report preliminary results of a stable and radio-isotope study designed to address this topic. Thule and proto-historic skeletal remains have been analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures; accelerator radiocarbon dating is underway. Initial results indicate a trophic level difference between Thule and proto-historic diets consistent with the notion that baleen whales made a significant contribution to Thule subsistence.}, author = {Coltrain, Joan Brenner} } @Conference Paper {10433, title = {Stratigraphic disturbance and artefact taphonomy: thoughts on the tyranny of the principle of depositional superposition}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The principle of stratigraphic superposition remains one of the fundamental concepts employed in archaeological analysis. Lately, however, discussion has also been given to the effects of human and natural disturbance factors and their relationships to observed artifact sequences. The analysis of these factors is usually undertaken only when obvious disturbance features such as frost heaving, ploughing or downslope mass wasting are apparent. Mixing of artifact assemblages may also occur in sites with less obvious pedological disruptions. Two methods of discovering and assessing unobvious disturbances are considered: one statistical; and one qualitative. The relative merits of each are discussed and their applicability to archaeological contexts is illustrated with case studies. The implications of intra-site artifact displacement are examined in terms of the interpretive paradigm of archaeological stratigraphy.}, author = {Conaty, G. and Bobrowsky, P.} } @Conference Paper {10438, title = {Stylistic Trends of Rock Art in Northeastern Ontario}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper outlines three proposed stylistic regions for prehistoric rock art in the Shield. Newly recorded pictograph sites form the basis for a stylistic region centered in the Lake Temagami to Kirkland Lake area. The northeastern shore of Lake Superior and Missinaibi Lake areas are also suggested as regions with distinctive art trends. Temporal and spacial stylistic parameters provide a model to be tested in portions of the Canadian Shield.}, author = {Conway, T.} } @Conference Paper {10443, title = {The Sap of Our Life: Carrier Perspectives on Culturally Modified Trees}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Today when we think of forested areas, often what comes to mind are the very different perspectives of loggers and environmentalists. It is hard to imagine what our Carrier ancestors thought of the trees. We know these large plants played an important role in subsistence and survival because that is still recognized today. Pine trees supplied {\textquoteright}Chundoo-hhee{\textquoteright} in the spring, a sweet treat that could be dried and re-hydrated, or eaten fresh. Carrier {\textquoteright}chiclets{\textquoteright} came from Spruce trees. The red pitch also served medicinal and adhesive purposes. Cooling baskets-the all important multi-use vessels were made from bark. The tools that were used for stripping the trees were carefully passed along as family heirlooms. Often made from Caribou antler, they were artfully decorated with circles, dots, and short lines. My Carrier ancestors adopted a pragmatic approach to the forested areas, combining the perspectives of loggers and environmentalists. They had a cultural reverence for the forest and were able to harvest its products but preserve nature in all its beauty.}, author = {COOMBES, Joanne and Cheslatta-Carrier First Nation} } @Conference Paper {10449, title = {Sources of Copper for the Northwest Coast}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Prior to the arrival of explorers and fur traders in Northwest North America in the 18th century, copper was highly prized among the many different indigenous groups and its possession was associated with high status. Several historic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric sources have credited either the Ahtna of southeastern interior Alaska or the Tutchone of the southwestern Yukon, both Athabaskan-speaking groups, as the main suppliers of copper throughout northwestern North America. Nuggets of native copper (i.e. metallic, 98-99\% pure), either raw or fashioned into artifacts, circulated through a trade network distributing prestige goods throughout the Northwest Pacific region. Several of the better-known sources lie within the boundary of what is today, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST-NP/P) in Alaska. Source material from within the park and artifacts from a nearby site (GUL-077) were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to obtain trace element data that could be used to differentiate various sources of copper in the region. This paper presents the preliminary results of this research and addresses future possible directions.}, author = {Cooper, H. Kory and John Duke} } @Conference Paper {10452, title = {Similkameen-Okanogan Region}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Okanogan and Similkameen Valleys of north-central Washington and south-central British Columbia share many attributes over 8-10,000 years, beginning with Windust and/or Cascade Phase cultures. Stronger cultural ties are associated with Columbia Plateau sequences, but influences from the outhern Fraser Plateau are significant at times. This paper examines inter and intra-valley and extra-areal similarities and differences in projectile point types, and sheds light on larger issues such as Columbia-Fraser Plateau interaction spheres.}, author = {COPP, Stanley A} } @Conference Paper {10453, title = {Sedimentological Analyses of the Heron Eden Site (EeOi-11)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Bone Bed is a Palaeo-Indian bison processing site located in southwestern Saskatchewan. Situated within a glacial lake basin, this occupation has yielded several stemmed projectile points and has been radiometrically dated to approximately 9000 years ago. A weathered bison bone bed with a few examples of articulated segments is present immediately beneath a cultivation layer. In the eastern portion of the site, the bone bed becomes scattered even though the dark palaeosol continues. Results from mechanical soils analysis display intra-site variability in particle size distribution. This points to a number of different processes contributing to the formation of the site. This paper will discuss the use of microscopic analysis of undisturbed soil sections to identify some of the processes that have affected the Heron Eden bone bed. Sampling with tin Kubiena boxes and the use of soil thin sections is also discussed.}, author = {Corbell, Marcel R.} } @article {9541, title = {Sur les approches {\`a} la complexit{\'e} sociale chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs pr{\'e}historiques: particularisme, g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisme et m{\'e}thode comparative}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {153-164}, abstract = {

A review of recent work on social complexity among prehistoric hunter-gatherers reveals tension between particularist and generalist approaches in archaeology. We identify two major divisions in approaches to complex hunter-gatherers: those that describe complexity vs. those that define it, and those that trace the origin of complexity to the emergence of inequality vs. those that trace it to the emergence of specialization. Authors who take a definitional approach to complexity tend to emphasize specialization and general law-like processes, while those that take a descriptive approach tend to emphasize inequality and historical context. Interestingly, there is a near absence of theorists who seek to define complexity while emphasizing inequality or of theorists who tend to describe complexity while emphasizing specialization. We note that both descriptive-particularist and definitional-generalist approaches play an important role in the eventual solution of the problem of the origin of social complexity, one of the most theoretically difficult and important problems facing archaeology and anthropology in general.

}, author = {Andr{\'e} Costopoulos and Samuel Vaneeckhout} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9080, title = {Salmon and Storage: Southern Tutchone Use of an "Abundant" Resource}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {150-152}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10467, title = {Social Complexity in the Fraser Valley: Evidence from the Scowlitz Site}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Results of recent archaeological investigations at the Scowlitz site in the Fraser Valley of Southwestern British Columbia are reported. Strategically located at the confluence of the Harrison and Fraser Rivers, the site appears to have been a centre of status and power in prehistory. Over 30 burial mounds have been recorded, with associated dates from two ranging between 1500 and 500 B.P. Variability in size, structure, and contents of these mounds suggest a complex status hierarchy. We offer two reasons for the emergence of social complexity at Scowlitz: (1) the site is located at the control point of a major salmon fishery; (2) Scowlitz may have been a gateway community for trade between coastal and interior group.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Michael BLAKE and Brian Thom} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9079, title = {Senewelets: Culture History of the Nanaimo Coast Salish and the False Narrows Midden}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {253-256}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9094, title = {Studies In Manitoba Rock Art I: Petroforms}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {180-181}, editor = {K.C.A. Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10558, title = {Scots Bay Chalcedony: Its Distribution and Exploitation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Scots Bay, on the Blomidon Peninsula, Nova Scotia, has often been cited in the archaeological literature as a major chalcedony source in the Maine-Maritimes region. However, despite a long-standing interest by geologists, no extensive survey was undertaken in the area until 1988. This paper focuses on the nature, distribution and prehistoric exploitation of Scots Bay chalcedony. Further, results of a preliminary investigation at a major quarry-workshop site at Davidson Cove are presented.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10575, title = {Symmetry analysis of ceramic designs and Iroquoian-Algonquian interactions}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Preliminary data from three cases of Iroquoian influence upon adjacent groups are examined. In all three cases, the preferred symmetries in forming decorative bands on pots change in the direction of Iroquoian norms. In the first case, among Western Basin peoples, designs having typical Iroquoian symmetries become admixed with local designs showing other symmetry processes. In the second case, Shenks Ferry people are seen to shift after AD 1300 from symmetry preferences typical of Algonquian groups to Iroquoian symmetries. In the third case, Algonquians in the Connecticut valley show varied efforts to adopt Iroquoian symmetries. Questions of ethnicity are discussed for all three cases, within a culture history framework.}, author = {Denny, J. Peter} } @Conference Paper {10600, title = {Space, Place and Landscape: dynamic modelling of cultural preferences for site selection / Espace, place et paysage : mod{\'e}le dynamique de repr\&}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper examines a dynamic approach to initiating settlement pattern analyses of the Princess Point Complex in southern Ontario, dating to circa AD 500 to 1000. This approach employs a GIS to model decision-making over space and time to determine cultural preferences for site selection. The dynamic model combines content and context; using measurable variables from sites and surveys, and behavioural variables associated with the cultural perception of site (place) and non-site (space) landscapes. The preliminary results of the project will be discussed together with an exploration of the relationship between environmental perception and site location.}, author = {DIETERMAN, Frank A.} } @Conference Paper {10608, title = {Survey in Northern Alberta: 1975}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {During the 1975 field season two uplands and portions of three major rivers in northern Alberta were surveyed for the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. Site densities on the Caribou and Birch Mountain uplands differed markedly from each other as a probable result of their dissimilar environments. Comments regarding survey results, regional prehistory, site distribution analysis and future research are presented.}, author = {Donahue, P.F.} } @Conference Paper {10609, title = {Subareas and Local Patterns within the Northwest Coast: Methodological Issues in Ethnology and What They May Tell the Archaeologist}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Ethnologists/ethnohistorians have used two basic approaches to identify subareas within the Northwest Coast culture area: 1) evaluation of overall cultural similarities based on either generalized impressionistic methods or on numerical taxonomies of similarity coefficients based on numerous culture traits of a sample of ethnic units and 2) qualitative evaluations that focus on one or a few key diagnostic traits. I compare the various subareal approaches that have resulted from the more influential of these efforts and then consider what use archaeologists might make of these methods and results in their own explorations of the prehistoric subregions of the Northwest Coast.}, author = {DONALD, Leland} } @Conference Paper {10615, title = {Sizing up the Situation: Tools for the Protection of Archaeological Resources in Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The mission of the Ontario Heritage Trust is to identify, preserve, protect and promote Ontario{\textquoteright}s cultural and natural heritage for the benefit of present and future generations. Last year{\textquoteright}s passing of the Ontario Heritage Act strengthened regulations to protect Ontario{\textquoteright}s unique heritage sites, including its mandate to protect natural heritage. Identifying and protecting places in our communities that have cultural heritage value is an important part of planning for the future, and of helping to guide change while keeping the buildings, structures, archaeological sites and landscapes that give each of our communities its unique identity. This paper will address the available tools for the protection of archaeological resources in the Province of Ontario and provide substantive examples}, author = {Dena Doroszenko and Sean Fraser} } @Conference Paper {10643, title = {Sources of Chippable Petrified Peat and Wood along the South Saskatchewan River}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Although not well-known as chippable stone types, petrified peat and petrified wood were once commonly used for this purpose in south central Saskatchewan, particularly along the South Saskatchewan River. At some sites as much as 75\% of chipping debris is comprised of these materials. In 1997, an area containing several sites with high proportions of petrified peat and wood debris, near Outlook, Saskatchewan, was searched for possible sources. Since the whole region is covered with glacial drift, secondary sources are the only possibility. Occasional surface occurrences on upland and valley slopes turned out to be unlikely options because of extreme scarcity, general small size, and low quality of relevant materials. The most likely sources are fairly dense concentrations of moderate-size slabs and blocks of good quality material in two small river-edge localities. The geologic circumstances and processes which create this type of concentration are still only partly understood.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @article {9573, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {109-112}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10660, title = {Statistical validation of archaeological predictive models}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {When archaeological predictive models (APM) are evaluated, the most common form of validation is through field testing. But how do we evaluate whether a model is sufficiently robust that it merits field testing? This paper proposes a series of statistical tests to validate models for field testing. It discusses the methodology for those tests and the rationale for their use. Finally, it proposes minimum standards for results in these tests for accepting a model as fit for field testing.}, author = {David Ebert} } @article {11248, title = {Searching for Evidence of Maize Consumption at Cluny: Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Dog and Bison Bone Collagen}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {319{\textendash}331}, abstract = {

The Cluny Fortified Village Site (EePf-1), a Protocontact site (A.D. 1400{\textendash} 1750), has been assigned to the One Gun phase of southern Alberta. While culturally distinct, certain aspects of ceramic decoration and fortification construction are similar to counterparts in the Northeastern Plains Village complex (Toom 2004). Northeastern Plains Village complex sites represent maize horticulturalists in portions of North Dakota, and parts of southern Manitoba and are considered to be an archaeological culture separate from but contiguous with Middle Missouri tradition villages of the Dakotas (Toom 2004). Due to general similarities with maize horticultural cultures to the south and east, it is reasonable to look for evidence of maize at Cluny where it may have been grown, or present as a trade item. The present study addresses this question using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of archaeological bone collagen. No human remains were found at Cluny, so bone collagen from dogs was used as a proxy. Bone collagen from bison was also analysed because bison feed on both C3 and C4 grasses, and therefore consumption of bison by dogs may result in stable carbon isotope ratios that mimic maize consumption. Bison remains had a predominantly C3 plant signature. Dogs at Cluny were consuming little or no maize based on stable isotope analysis of their collagen. Based on the canine surrogacy approach, these results indicate that maize was not a significant part of the diet at Cluny, so while some cultural characteristics of the site reflect a Northeastern Plains Village affiliation, diet is not one of them.

}, author = {Kim Edwards and Dale Allen Walde and M. Anne Katzenberg} } @Conference Paper {10671, title = {A study of hi-lo points}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A detailed analysis of a late Paleo-Indian point type (hi-lo) from the lower Great Lakes area is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the explanation of formal variability within this point form in terms of artifact life histories. The analysis includes: 1) a discussion of two variant manufacturing techniques for hi-lo points; 2) the delineation of the {\textquoteright}original{\textquoteright} morphology of the point type prior to resharpening; and 3) by examining how resharpening and breakage in use effects the form of finished points, the presentation of a complex flow model involving several outputs at which hi-lo points can be discarded or lost.}, author = {Ellis, C. and B. Deller} } @Conference Paper {10695, title = {St. Lawrence Iroquoian Problem Areas - 1993}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Some of the problems confronting St. Lawrence Iroquoian archaeology will be examined on several levels ranging from those revealed by current (1992) topical literature regarding the Iroquoians and anthropological literature collateral to Iroquoian archaeology, to those inherent in current St. Lawrence Iroquoian archaeological orthodoxy.}, author = {Pendergast James F.} } @Conference Paper {10697, title = {Spatial Analysis of an Early Thule Dwelling from Assuukaaq Island, Northern Quebec}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents a preliminary spatial analysis of a Thule semi-subterranean dwelling from site JhEv-3, located in Burgoyne Bay on the southern coast of Hudson Strait. The interpretation is based on spatial distribution of artifacts, faunal remains, lithic debris, in addition to stratigraphy. Based on visual inspection, the house can be separated into three distinct spatial units: the inside, the midden and the peripheral area. These clusters provide information concerning house construction, maintenance and abandonment. The presentation will provide a small-scale example of Early Thule occupation on the southern coast of Hudson Strait.}, author = {FARID, Emma} } @article {9587, title = {Sea-levels and Archaeology in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {234-253}, abstract = {

A sea-level history is being built for the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR) by radiocarbon dating paleo-marine and archaeological organic samples. This work highlights visibility issues for this region for shore-proximal sites older than one or two millennia. It also demonstrates the need to ensure that archaeological assessments include systematic investigation, with shovel and auger testing, in the intertidal zone.

}, author = {Daryl W. Fedje and Ian D. Sumpter and John R. Southon} } @Conference Paper {10713, title = {The Sea Also Rises: Early Holocene Occupation on a Dynamic Landscape}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper will present preliminary results from two intertidal sites in southern-most Haida Gwaii and place them in the context of a period of rapid marine transgression. Waterlogged deposits in a test at one of these sites produced a small assemblage of fauna including bear, caribou, bird, sea mammal, fish, and shellfish in association with abundant stone tools. A date of ca. 9,500 BP was obtained on spirally fractured caribou bone from these deposits.}, author = {Daryl Fedje and Quentin Mackie and Cynthia Lake} } @article {9879, title = {Smithsonian archaeological investigations on the Central Labrador Coast in 1973: A preliminary report}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {077-090}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @article {9595, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {001-002}, author = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9138, title = {Sinnock: Apaleolithic Camp and Kill Site in Manitoba}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {120-121}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Conference Paper {10791, title = {Shaking the Earth: Turtle Shell Rattles Among the Ontario Iroquois}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Turtle shell rattles from archaeological contexts in southern Ontario are considered in light of ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence from eastern North America concerning their specific ritual affiliations. This evidence is combined with that derived from other artifact classes to illustrate the substantial connections which existed between tribes of the Neutral Confederacy and nations to the south during the first half of the seventeenth century.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10784, title = {The Serpent{\textquoteright}s Copper Scales}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {A considerable literature exists concerning the form and distribution of native copper artifacts in eastern North America, particularly during the Archaic through Middle Woodland periods. Some studies relating to the sources and artifact types utilized by Mississippian societies are available, however, little has been written concerning native copper use among Woodland groups. Historic references are unfortunately brief and provide few insights into the importance of this raw material to the First Nations. Trace element analyses of copper artifacts from sixteenth and early seventeenth century sites in Ontario have provided new information on the distribution and use of native copper at this critical period in the Great Lakes region. Archaeological data are combined with ethnohistoric and ethnographic observations to better understand the significance of this metal in protohistoric Woodland society.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9423, title = {Structure and Regional Diversity of the Meadowood Interaction Sphere}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {172-175}, editor = {William Fox} } @Conference Paper {10795, title = {Sowerby Snowshoes: Fragile and Informative Remains in a Hostile Environment}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The recent discovery of a complete pair of precontact snowshoes (250 BP +/70) in a rockshelter near Hope, B.C. is the first of its kind known in the Pacific Northwest. The snowshoes, made entirely of cedar boughs and bark, provide fascinating information with respect to: technology; the preservation of normally perishable artifacts within protected landscape microfeatures; and the use of upland areas during winter months. The use of snowshoes in such an environment would allow the wearer to cover great distances over terrain which would normally be severely broken or sodden. This should prompt the investigation of areas not conventionally surveyed and encourage investigators to seek out elusive pockets of preservation in an otherwise hostile environment.}, author = {Franck, Ian and Dave Schaepe} } @Conference Paper {10805, title = {Site- and local-scale processes at the Stampede Site, Cypress Hills, Alberta and the Below Forks site, Saskatchewan}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Geoarchaeological studies have been initiated at the Stampede site, a 7,000+ year old multiple component archaeological site located on the northern slope of the Cypress Hills upland, and the Below Forks site, a second multiple component site located at the confluence of the north and south Saskatchewan rivers. Site- and local-scale alluvial and colluvial processes have had a significant impact on the preservation of archaeological resources at these sites. The relative influence of each of these processes is examined. The scale at which Holocene sedimentary inputs might have influenced site settlement and use is currently under investigation.}, author = {Freeman, Andrea K.L. and Garry L. Running IV and BEAUDOIN, Alwynne and Dion Wiseman} } @Conference Paper {10802, title = {Sacred Glyphed Boulders Near Viking, AB, and the Iron Creek Meteorite: Sites and Objects}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Glyphed boulders in what is now Alberta were in ancient times placed on the highest hills in their vicinity. We have studied nine such sites, from Viking (111.613{\textdegree}W, 52.990{\textdegree}N) to Foremost (111,469{\textdegree}W, 49,403{\textdegree}N). Two are described here. The sites are a major part of the artifacts. The Viking {\textquoteright}Ribstones{\textquoteright} are on the summit (744 in above sea level) of a gently rising hill, 16 km SE of Viking. The summit was artificially extended by 4 in to the NNE; two glyphed boulders are on the E side of the extension. The boulders form an open ended V which points to a lake 5 kin SSE, and to Wolf Ears Hill 26 km SSE, which is the probable site from which the Iron Creek Meteorite was taken in 1886. The style of the engravings on both boulders is cup and groove (probably the most ancient style in North America, Grant 1967). The dominant feature in high angle light is the grooves. In low angle light the cups gain prominence. Combinations of light and shadow make features that change with time of day and season. The grooves are satiny smooth. Some cups are moderately smooth and others are roughly pecked.The Iron Creek Meteorite is now in the Provincial Museum, Edmonton, in the display of minerals. The location of its venerable site has been the subject of speculation for more than 30 years. Considerable evidence now indicates that the site was the summit of Wolf Ears Hill (705 in above sea level, 10 km NE by E of Lougheed). The hill has a long N-S axis, and there is a large {\textquoteright}North marker rock{\textquoteright} 3 km, 359{\textdegree} from the hole in the summit.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J.FREEMAN} } @Conference Paper {10809, title = {Sheep, Goats, Geep, or Shoats? An Applied Anthropological Perspective on the Nature of CRM}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper will present an applied anthropological perspective on the nature of applied archaeology. Emphasis is on the development of CRM in British Columbia. The perspective is that of a hybrid anthropologist/archaeologist, who combines research and cultural resource management working collaboratively with First Nations. Historically, there has been a tendency to emphasize the differences between compliance and research archaeology. Contemporary applied anthropological literature will be used in this discussion to illuminate some of the points of convergence.}, author = {Diana E. French} } @Conference Paper {10825, title = {Sex-based Activities and Dental Pathology Among Late Woodland Iroquoians}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Research on dental pathology of prehistoric populations has been a major topic among physical anthropologists. However, very few specialists have considered the influence of sex-based activities on oral health even though recent ethnographic works have shown such relations. The goal of this communication is to explore the relation between oral health and sex-based activities among the Late Woodland Iroquoians.}, author = {Gagn{\'e}, G{\'e}rard} } @Conference Paper {10828, title = {Scratching the Surface: 10 years of U.S. National Park Service Investigations in the Noatak National Preserve, Northwest Alaska}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Solecki, Irving, Foote, Anderson and Hall conducted limited and dispersed archaeological investigations in the Noatak National Preserve, Northwest Alaska. When the 2.65 million hectare Preserve was designated by the U.S. Congress in 1980, only 136 archaeological sites had been reported within its boundaries. In 1992 the U.S. National Park Service began systematic reconnaissance-level surveys and test excavations in the Preserve; nearly 1,500 sites are now recorded. The annual progress of the U.S. National Park Service survey effort is presented as a back-drop for new archaeological sites radiocarbon-dated to the early and mid-Holocene. These new data, which significantly augment the stratified record at the Onion Portage Site in the Kobuk Valley National Park, Northwest Alaska, are provisionally synthesized. Congeners of these new early and mid-Holocene Noatak assemblages can be expected to occur as far east as the northern Yukon Territory.}, author = {Robert Gal and Steven L. Klingler} } @article {13799, title = {Survey D{\'e}j{\`a} Vu: Lessons Learned from the Archaeological Re-mapping of a M{\'e}tis Overwintering Settlement}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {65-86}, abstract = {

Although the advantages of archaeological remote sensing have long been known, the techniques have still not been fully incorporated into standard archaeological practice. Drawing upon the example of an archaeological remote sensing survey conducted in April 2022 and subsequent excavation in July 2022 at the Chimney Coulee site (DjOe-6) in Saskatchewan, we demonstrate the value of the integration of remote sensing methods early and throughout an entire project. Over the span of five days, we were able to use drone-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and orthoimagery, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and magnetic gradiometry alongside more traditional archaeological survey methods to survey the site and locate two probable late nineteenth-century M{\'e}tis cabins. The use of remote sensing techniques allowed for the efficient identification of future excavation areas and comparisons to previous mapping work and generated new questions about the site. This paper provides a methodological example of non-invasive archaeological survey for non-specialists and demonstrates how students and early career researchers can play an important role in the advancement of Canadian archaeology by experimenting with new ways of conducting archaeological survey and mapping.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.1.65}, author = {Sol{\`e}ne Mallet Gauthier and William T. D. Wadsworth} } @Conference Paper {10852, title = {Site Structure and the Organization of a Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Archaeological Site near Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Recent archaeological investigations in Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, resulted in the excavation of nearly 200 m2 and 21 features at a late prehistoric/early historic camp, butchering and processing site (XCL-359). More than 38 features were identified, including tent rings, hearths, cache pits, windbreaks, hunting blinds and caribou and mountain sheep processing areas. Repeated occupations over the past 1600 years by late phases of the Arctic Small Tool tradition and other late prehistoric components produced thousands of identifiable faunal elements, thousands of lithic artifacts, and a small amount of late 19th and 20th century Nunamiut material. We examine the spatial organization of all categories of recovered artifactual and faunal material, statistically position these data in relation to the spatial distribution of features, discuss site seasonality, and evaluate a new model of site structure in relation to previous behavioral and archaeological models of site structure and organization for the Nunamiut at Anaktuvuk Pass.}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Pete BOWERS and Robin MILLS} } @Conference Paper {10876, title = {THE SEARCH FOR CUPERS COVE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In August, 1610, the London and Bristol Company for the Plantation of Newfoundland established a colony at Cupers Cove (now Cupids) in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. The Cupers Cove colony was the first English colony established in Canada. Although never a commercial success, the plantation marked the beginning of permanent European settlement in Newfoundland. Archaeological work was conducted at Cupids during 1973 and 1974 but failed to locate the Cupers Cove site. During July 1995 an archaeological survey of Cupids was conducted under the direction of the author and an early seventeenth-century site was discovered. Initial excavations were also undertaken to determine the site{\textquoteright}s state of preservation and potential for further excavation. Historians have generally held that the Cupers Cove colony was abandoned during the 1620s. However, the data recovered in 1995 suggests that the colony may have continued much longer than had previously been believed. Artifacts indicate an ongoing occupation or utilization of the area throughout most of the seventeenth century. The paper will detail the techniques used to locate the site and describe the results of the survey.}, author = {GILBERT, William} } @Conference Paper {10881, title = {Sub Aqua 1, Holyrood, Newfoundland: A Field School Experience For Scuba Divers}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The inventory of submerged cultural resources in Newfoundland waters is limited. Archaeological surveys conducted by avocational groups have covered only a very small percentage of underwater areas in a systematic manner. Site assessments and surveys of specific areas conducted for archaeological clearance for proposed development projects will add to that database. However, it is only when individual archaeological resources are recorded in specific areas that a clearer understanding of the distribution and types of submerged cultural resources will result. Thus, the requirement for accurate reporting of underwater sites is important. In recent years a problem has arisen in providing scuba divers with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of the technical skills required by the underwater archaeologist. The situation needed to be improved through diver education. In the fall of 1988, a diving course specifically in underwater archaeology was set up with Sub Aqua 1982 Ltd. in St. John{\textquoteright}s. The course was taken by a small group of students for the NASDS (National Association of Scuba Diving Schools) Expert Diver Program. The introductory course provided a sound background in technical skills and emphasized hands-on experience. Open water work, to include the survey of a wreck site at Holyrood, Conception Bay, formed the interface between the theoretical knowledge gained by students in the classroom and the practical knowledge required for archaeological fieldwork. The successful field school experience, operated under an archaeological research permit granted by the Historic Resources Division, Department of Culture, Recreation and Youth, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, will be outlined using the highly visual format of still photography and video presentation.}, author = {Ginns, Janette M.} } @Conference Paper {10898, title = {Similkameen Pictographs: Conservation via Cultural Tourism and Public Awareness}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The pictographs of the Similkameen have long fascinated visitors and researchers alike. The Upper Similkameen Indian Band has been undertaking a number of initiatives over the past several years with respect to conservation and management of these sites. Initiatives include working with Parks Canada to have sites commemorated as a National Historic Monument as well as opening up one of the sites to public tours. The Band is also currently negotiating with the Province of BC to allow the Band increased involvement in the management of these sites. Additionally, management plans are being negotiated with stakeholders to reduce the occurrences of accidental desecration and destruction. The Band was also instrumental in having the publication {\textquoteright}Exploring BC{\textquoteright}s Pictographs{\textquoteright} recalled in 2003 due to the risk that this book posed to site integrity and conservation.Through public awareness and increased involvement by the Band at the local level the pictographs of the Similkameen are now receiving an increased amount of attention in regards to conservation. Other initiatives proposed for the immediate future include a detailed inventory of sites, their condition and conservation requirements.The Band recognizes the need for increased protection of the sites, especially those that might be opened up for tourism. Once a site is opened up for tours the Band will be monitoring it daily and assessing condition on a regular basis to ensure site integrity.}, author = {Gould, Brenda and Charlene Allison} } @Conference Paper {10905, title = {Site Locations and Hypothesized Hunting Strategies for the Magalloway Valley Clovis, Western Maine}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Discoveries at the nine, closed Clovis sites of the Magalloway Valley Complex, western Maine, are reviewed as a basis for speculations about ancient hunting strategies.}, author = {Gramly, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10908, title = {Sainte Marie Re-Visited: 1987-90 Excavations at Sainte Marie Among the Hurons}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Four years of excavation and research have discovered and confirmed the presence of a multi-component site on the property including and surrounding the 17th century French Jesuit mission community. The data indicate that this site complex has been used by a variety of cultural groups since the 13th century A.D. Sainte Marie has undergone a series of excavations, most notably those directed by Kenneth E. Kidd (1941-43) and Wilfrid Jury (1947-51). However, in 1987 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. was contracted to carry out excavations on the property under the direction of Dr. Dean Knight and W. Barry Gray. Archaeological investigations have focused on the southern portion of the reconstructed mission settlement, the section of the site presently identified as the Non-Christian Native area. Further testing has also been conducted in the northern part of the reconstruction inside the Non-Christian and Christian Native Areas. In 1990, the west bank of the Wye River was tested, resulting in the identification of another, multi-component site which has been named the Heron Site. This site was first used during the 14th century through to the 20th century. The data from the Heron site has been of use in our study of Sainte-Marie since it has provided us with comparative data from a less disturbed context. This present study of land-use represents a new direction for research related to the 17th century mission site.}, author = {Gray, W. Barry and Jeanie Tummon} } @Conference Paper {10910, title = {Stone Tool Technology In Mountain Housepit Sites}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {To date, seven housepit sites have been recorded in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, with occupation floors dated as early as 3000 years ago. The housepits and earth ovens at these sites are clearly related in some way to use of the area by people from the British Columbia Interior Plateau. This paper will discuss recent analyses of the stone tools and debitage excavated from four mountain housepit sites, and the implications for our understanding of the chronology, origin and technological organization of the inhabitants.}, author = {Sheila Greaves} } @Conference Paper {10915, title = {Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa: the question of cultural continuity between the Early and Late Ir}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The spatial relations of metal working areas and domestic areas in Early Iron Age sites are important because they have implications for models of continuity and change in the southern African Iron Age. Metal working remains recovered during the 1995-1997 field seasons at the Early Iron Age site of Ndondondwane (AD 650-750) offered an opportunity to quantify the distribution of metal working activities. Metal working residues were classified visually, the distribution of various classes of remains plotted, and selected samples analysed metallographically to confirm the visual identifications. This study revealed the marked spatial and temporal distribution of ore preparation, primary iron smelting, and secondary forging activities on the site. In the earliest of three identified occupational horizons, relatively sparse metal working remains were associated with forging activities near hut floors in the centre of the site. In the intermediate occupational horizon, metal working on the site was confined to ore preparation and forging in the vicinity of the more peripheral domestic areas associated with middens. Any smelting must have been performed elsewhere. In the final occupational horizon, metal working was concentrated in the central area again, where the remains of a furnace and a dump containing about 500 kg of slag attest to primary iron smelting. The implications of this temporal and spatial distribution for models of site organisation in the Early Iron Age are discussed, and are indicative of greater cultural continuity in metal production between the Early Iron Age and later periods in the region than hitherto believed.}, author = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @Conference Paper {10917, title = {Southern Yukon Ice Patch Research 2000:Understanding the Phenomena}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {With their excellent preservational environment, southern Yukon alpine ice patches featuring ancient caribou dung are incredible sources of rare ancient hunting artifacts and paleo-ecological information for the Holocene period. Year 2000 ice patch field-work focused on establishing which of the over 70 identified patches are archaeological sites, the collection of archaeological specimens and biological samples, and the stratigraphic sampling of in-situ organic materials at reference patches. Survey for new patches and understanding the spatial distribution of the phenomenon were concerns as well.}, author = {Sheila Greer and Diane STRAND and Gregory Hare and Ruth GOTTHARDT} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9166, title = {A Site Catchment Analysis of the Little Qualicum River Site, DiSc{\textendash}1: A Wet Site on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, B.C.}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {091-093}, editor = {James C. Haggarty} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9337, title = {Sampling in Archaeology}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {229-232}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @article {9619, title = {Subsistence During the Late Prehistoric Occupation of Pender Canal, British Columbia (DeRt{\textendash}1)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {029-048}, abstract = {

Faunal remains from a Pender Canal Site (DeRt-1) on Pender Island in southwestern British Columbia were analyzed for subsistence information from the Developed Coast Salish component of the site. Deer and canids were the primary mammals identified while sea mammals made only a minor contribution to the assemblage. Birds were not common and consisted mostly of ducks. Fishes were the most numerous vertebrate, particularly herring and sea perches. There was a shift from mussels and urchins to the larger clams in later strata. Recovery methods were shown to affect the interpretations about subsistence at this site.

}, author = {Diane K. Hanson} } @article {11538, title = {Sampling and Subsampling at the Allandale Site: An Evaluation of the Standards of Practice of Zooarchaeology in Compliance Archaeology in Ontario}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {308-329}, abstract = {The Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists in Ontario (Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture 2011) provide instructions for the scope of specialist analyses, such as zooarchaeology and palaeobotany. This article compares the results of analysis of a subsample of faunal specimens carried out prior to the implementation of the Standards and Guidelines, but generally conforming to them, with results from analysis of all recovered faunal specimens from the same site. It shows that the nature of the sample analyzed affects interpretations about seasonality, processing, and environments used by the site inhabitants. Results suggest that the standards and guidelines for zooarchaeological analysis should be improved by 1) providing better direction about how assemblages should be sampled, 2) outlining requirements for identification tools and qualifications of analysts, and 3)~including more detailed reporting standards regarding analytical decisions. Other jurisdictions that require artifact analysis as a part of cultural resource management should include similar guidelines if results are to be used for site specific interpretation or region summaries.}, author = {Alicia L. Hawkins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9181, title = {Status, Structure and Stratification: Current Archaeological Reconstructions}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {213-215}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @article {9627, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {103-108}, author = {DiAnn Herst} } @article {9650, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {120-122}, author = {Robert R. Janes} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9209, title = {The Spruce Point Site: A Comparative Study of Selkirk Components in the Boreal Forest}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {181-182}, editor = {Richard B. Johnston} } @article {9663, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {123-124}, author = {Jane H. Kelley} } @article {9661, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {003-004}, author = {Jane Kelley} } @article {12569, title = {Strength-Based Approaches to Involving Inuit Youth in Archaeological Research}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {083-104}, abstract = {

In this collaborative paper between university-based archaeologists and Nunatsiavummiut youth, we discuss our attempts to unsettle our research while working on community-oriented projects in Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, through the application of strength-based approaches. We outline the need for strength-based approaches for involving Nunatsiavummiut youth in archaeology and the ways we apply these approaches to Kelvin{\textquoteright}s research project, the Agvituk Digital Archive Project, and Gilheany{\textquoteright}s dissertation research on the recent history of Hopedale. We incorporate key aspects of these approaches, including: focusing on the whole person and recognizing their social context; actively involving participants in decisions; recognizing strengths and expertise of participants so that everyone is both a teacher and a learner; and encouraging experiences where group members can be successful. We argue that an unsettled, strength-based approach necessitates a future-oriented archaeology.

}, author = {Laura Kelvin and Emma Gilheany and Nicholas Flowers and Denver~Edmunds and Mackenzie Frieda and Claire Igloliorte and Halle Lucy and John Piercy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9397, title = {A Selected Bibliography of Historical Artifacts: c.1760{\textendash}1920}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {274-276}, editor = {Kenneth Kidd} } @article {9671, title = {Seasonal Bird Exploitation by Recent Indian and Beothuk Hunter-Gatherers of Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {292-233}, abstract = {

In this study, ecological, historical, and archaeological data are utilized to reconstruct the role of avian resources in the diet of Beothuk people (500 to 150 B.P.) and their ancestors from the Newfoundland Recent Indian period (2000 to 500 B.P.). Faunal records and site distribution patterns are consistent with historical accounts of hunter-gatherer bird and egg harvesting. Temporally and spatially predictable bird aggregations in Newfoundland (seabird colonies, moulting grounds, and migration resting areas) represent large sources of relatively easily obtainable meat that were consumed by hunter-gatherers during warm weather seasons and stored for winter use. Food storage (in the form of dried bird meat and powdered eggs) and transportation technologies (ocean-going canoes) enabled hunter-gatherer resource diversification within a relatively productive coastal ecosystem.

}, author = {Kristensen, Todd J.} } @article {9674, title = {Subsistence Resource Variability and Culture Change During the Middle Late Prehistoric Cultural Transition on the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {097-118}, abstract = {

During the Middle Prehistoric period hunter-gatherer groups on the Canadian Plateau were small and fairly mobile. It was not until ca. 4500-3500 B.P. that greater sedentism and a shift to \&$\#$39;logistical\&$\#$39; resource procurement occurred. Although the causes for this apparent transition in mobility and hunting strategies are not fully understood, it is suggested that they may be related to paleoenvironmental changes which influenced the abundance, reliability and access to ungulate and salmon resources. It is postulated that decreased temperatures and increased coniferous forests would have led to reduced ungulate populations, which in turn could have provided the incentive for hunter-gatherers to broaden their selection of food resources, and led to increased salmon utilization ca. 4000 B.P.

}, author = {Ian Kuijt} } @article {9677, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {125-127}, author = {Martha A. Latta} } @article {9683, title = {Settlement and Shell-Bearing Site Diversity in the Sechelt Inlet System, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {280-328}, abstract = {

This paper presents results from a survey of Salmon and Narrows Inlets, in the traditional territory of the sh{\'\i}sh{\'a}lh First Nation on the Sunshine Coast, British Columbia. It focuses on shell-bearing habitation sites. Detailed constituent analysis of auger samples provides a means of exploring the types of human action and post-depositional processes that shaped these sites and forming hypotheses regarding settlement and subsistence. Habitation sites are concentrated around limited productive resource patches and strategic access points that would have allowed people to monitor and control movement through the inlets. Preliminary indicators suggest a settlement pattern that was at times similar to that recorded ethnographically for the sh{\'\i}sh{\'a}lh, with people moving from large winter aggregations on the outer coast to smaller dispersed camps in the inlets beginning in the spring and continuing through to the fall. This study contributes an analysis of a particular landscape that can be added to the growing understanding of the diverse \‘mosaic\’ of settlement and land use history across the Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Bryn Letham} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9349, title = {Snake Hill: An Investigation of a Military Cemetery from the War of 1812}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {125-127}, editor = {Nancy C. Lovell} } @article {9691, title = {Sourcing Archaeobotanical Remains: Taphonomic Insights from a Midden Analysis on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {28-54}, abstract = {

Paleoethnobotany in the Northwest Coast is in the process of developing methodological conventions and establishing the range and sophistication of questions that can be asked of its data. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of archaeobotanical remains from three Haida village middens, focusing in particular on the taphonomic concerns that face palaeoethnobotanists during analysis and interpretation. We explore the process of sourcing the various types of remains encountered in midden contexts in an attempt to distinguish those that are culturally vs. naturally deposited. Determining the origins of different constituents of archaeobotanical assemblages is the first step towards interpretation and the ability to address questions of broader social and economic import.

}, author = {Natasha Lyons and Trevor J. Orchard} } @article {9700, title = {The Significance of Beothuck Carved Bone Pendants}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {139-154}, abstract = {

Decorated bone pendants, associated with Beothuck burials excavated in Newfoundland, are briefly described. These objects are compared with those from other carving traditions known ethnographically and archaeologically from the Northeast. It is concluded that the Beothuck specimens are stylized representations of animals and other beings, and that their use may have been associated with spiritual practices.

}, author = {Ingeborg Marshall} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9282, title = {Since the Time of the Transformers: The Ancient Heritage of the Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht, and Makah}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {157-161}, editor = {Andrew Mason} } @article {12924, title = {Strangers No More: Kinship, Clanship, and the Incorporation of Newcomers in Northern Iroquoia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {259-282}, abstract = {

In this paper, we consider how institutions of kinship facilitated the integration of peoples originating in the St.\ Lawrence Valley into ancestral Huron-Wendat communities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD. We present some general principles regarding the role of kinship in structuring social relations, processes of population movement, and the integration of newcomers. Data on the distributions and frequencies of characteristic St. Lawrence Iroquoian artifacts on four ancestral Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, Canada are utilized to infer the scale of population movement and processes of incorporation into lineages and clan segments. We argue that interpretive frameworks that explicitly incorporate categories and institutions of relatedness with traditional material culture analyses can shed new light on how groups of newcomers of varying scale and composition were integrated into Huron-Wendat households and communities.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.259}, author = {Jonathan Micon and Jennifer Birch and Ronald F. Williamson and Louis Lesage} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9144, title = {Survival by Hunting: Prehistoric Human Predators and Animal Prey}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {321-323}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9187, title = {Saahk{\'o}maap{\'\i}na (Boy Chief) {\textendash} EeOv{\textendash}68}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {187-189}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9162, title = {Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {176-179}, editor = {Nina Mittendorf} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9047, title = {Structural Considerations of M{\'e}tis Ethnicity: An Archaeological, Architectural and Historical Study}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {091-093}, editor = {Greg Monks} } @article {9760, title = {Sub-plough Zone Testing at the Lowton Site (DiLv{\textendash}3): The Vickers Focus Type Site in Southwest Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {087-100}, abstract = {

The Lowton site, type site for the horticulturally supported Vickers Focus, has long been of interest to Manitoba archaeologists. Since the site was first identified, in the 1920s, it has proven difficult to accurately date and to firmly establish the degree of horticultural dependence. To address these problems, and to recover material for radiocarbon dating, subsurface testing for storage pits and undisturbed deposits was undertaken in 1992. Testing did not identify pits, but evidence of a hearth was recovered. Excavations revealed that while this feature was undisturbed by cultivation, it was extensively disturbed by rodent activity. A radiocarbon date of 510 +/-110 B.P. was obtained on associated bone. These finds, together with the continued recovery of artifacts on the surface indicate that intact deposits likely occur in other parts of the site.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Mary Malainey} } @article {9479, title = {Statement of Principles for Ethical Conduct Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {005-008}, author = {Bev Nicolson and David Pokotylo and Ron Williamson} } @article {9792, title = {Spatial Distribution of Human Skeletal Material within an Iroquoian Ossuary}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {169-172}, abstract = {

A distribution plot of skeletal elements demonstrates that in at least one Iroquoian ossuary the elements are mixed in a random fashion throughout. Immature and mature, cranial and infracranial elements are examined. All categories show similar distributions. It is argued that the existence of such lack of pattern, if consistent. has relevance for the excavation of ossuaries and the cataloguing of remains.

}, author = {S. Pfeiffer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9351, title = {Since Time Immemorial, {\textquotedblleft}Our Story{\textquotedblright}: The Story of the Kitigan Zibi Anishin{\`a}beg (Stephen McGregor) and Algonquin Traditional Culture: The Algonquin of the Kitchissippi Valley: Traditional Culture at the Early Contact Period}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {332-337}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9798, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award Presented to Roy Carlson}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {005-006}, author = {David Pokotylo} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9005, title = {Spirits of The Pictured Waters, The Archaeology of The Missinaibi River Valley}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {168-169}, editor = {John William Pollock} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9301, title = {The Soldier Off Duty: Domestic Aspects of Military Life at Fort Chambly Under the French Regime as Revealed by Archaeological Objects}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {243-245}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @article {9811, title = {A Spatial Analysis of the Late Mousterian Levels of Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Italy)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {070-092}, abstract = {

We present a preliminary analysis of the spatial distribution of various artifact classes in the Late Mousterian levels of Riparo Bombrini (northwest Italy). This work shows the presence of a consistent gap in artifacts across all levels, which is interpreted as reflecting the position of the dripline prior to the shelter\’s collapse. Hearths are identified in levels M1\–3, M4 and M5, and their position at the back of the shelter is similar to that of \“sleeping hearths\” identified at other Mousterian sites. Lastly, the distribution of artifacts is shown to co-vary with the nature of the prevalent mobility strategies in use at different times over the site\’s occupational history. Notably, use of the site as a logistical base camp is correlated with the presence of hearths and the accumulation of noisome debris beyond the dripline and outside of the shelter. Other uses of the site seem to have favored the discard of some classes of artifacts within the shelter itself. This shows that Neanderthals were indeed able to organize their use of space in patterned and somewhat predictable manners, and that the length and nature of their occupation of the rockshelter need to be taken into account in such analyses.

}, author = {Julien Riel-Salvatore and Ingrid C. Ludeke and Fabio Negrino and Brigitte M. Holt} } @article {14066, title = {Shxwexw{\'o}:s (Place of the Thunderbird), A Terraced Hillside Settlement on the Harrison River: Examining an Undocumented Form of Residential Landscape}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {48}, year = {2024}, pages = {87-119}, abstract = {

The hillside settlement of Shxwexw{\'o}:s (Place of the Thunderbird) (DhRl-97) is located in the midst of a densely settled residential landscape at the confluence of the Chehalis and Harrison Rivers in southwestern British Columbia. Hillside settlements such as Shxwexw{\'o}:s have rarely been investigated archaeologically anywhere in the Salish Sea or Northwest Coast, which may contribute to major gaps in our understanding of past land use and social histories. Our mapping and excavations indicate that as many as 40 family-sized groups created platforms on which they could erect small houses primarily between approximately 1500 and 1200 cal BP. Faunal and botanical evidence reveals people were living on these platforms through much of the year, hunting for deer and other mammals, harvesting plants, and fishing for salmon. Artifact distributions and analyses reveal that wide-ranging activities occurred across a large portion of the site and that people had access to a variety of local and non-local tool stone materials.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/48.1.087}, author = {Morgan Ritchie and Jerram Ritchie and Chris Springer and Jonathan Duelks and Nicholas Waber and Alessandria Testani and Natasha Lyons} } @article {9821, title = {Settlement Patterns of the Beothuk Indians: a View from Away}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {013-032}, abstract = {

Zooarchaeological and ethnohistorical evidence for Beothuk settlement patterns is discussed under three periods. For the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the evidence supports the current model of occupation of the coast in summer and in the interior in winter. In the terminal period this pattern appears to continue, contrary to earlier suggestions. In the early historic and late prehistoric period the pattern may have been substantially different, and it is suggested that European settlement may have caused the change.

}, author = {Peter Rowley-Conwy} } @article {9827, title = {Subadult Mortality and Skeletal Indicators of Health in Late Woodland Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {061-074}, abstract = {

It has been demonstrated that there is an association between low cross-sectional cortical bone volumes, growth retardation and health stress in subadult skeletal samples of past populations. In addition, previous research has detected significantly low percent cortical areas in several subadult age categories, particularly two to four year olds. An examination of children\&$\#$39;s bones from two southern Ontario Late Woodland ossuaries identified a lack of infants under six months, which reflects interment bias, and high proportions of two to three year olds, an observation which is supported by ethnohistoric accounts of feeding practices. The two to three year old groups have significantly lower percent cortical areas compared to the rest of the children. It is still not clear whether this abundance of stressed weanlings reflects nutritionally compromised populations.

}, author = {Shelley R. Saunders and F. Jerome Melbye} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12543, title = {The Strong Case Approach in Behavioral Archaeology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {242-244}, editor = {Rebecca L. Bourgeois} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9195, title = {Soils in Archaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {129-130}, editor = {Charles Schweger} } @article {9836, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {117-118}, author = {Elizabeth Snow} } @Symposium Papers {10997, title = {On Some Distributions of the Oxbow {\textquoteright}Complex{\textquoteright}}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {089-102}, abstract = {Using Principal Component and Trend Surface analyses, the authors attempt to determine the underlying structure of Oxbow sites, and to analyse the distribution of those sites in time and space. Their results suggest that Oxbow technology originally entered the Canadian grasslands 5000 years ago from both the southwestern foothills and the southeastern prairies. The development of adaptive strategies involving seasonal use of the boreal forest and parkland zones allowed the eventual full-time colonization of these zones by Oxbow groups.}, author = {Brian E. Spurling and Bruce F. Ball} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9447, title = {The Swift Creek Gift: Vessel Exchange on the Atlantic Coast}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {343-346}, editor = {Kora Stapelfeldt} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12867, title = {Spectacular Flops: Game-Changing Technologies that Failed}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {106-108}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.106}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9383, title = {Studies in West Patricia Archaeology, Number Three 1980{\textendash}81}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {169-172}, editor = {Jack Steinbring} } @article {9845, title = {Stir It Up, Little Darlin{\textquoteright}: The Chipped Stone from Mixed Deposits from Caves Branch Rockshelter, Belize}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {123-167}, abstract = {

This paper discusses the analysis of the chipped chert and obsidian assemblage excavated from Caves Branch Rockshelter (CBR) and provides a reconstruction of the patterns of lithic reduction and tool use. This small rockshelter, located in the Caves Branch River Valley of central Belize, was primarily used as a burial location by local Maya communities from the Protoclassic to Terminal Classic periods (A.D. 80\–950). However, both natural and cultural forces have badly disturbed and mixed deposits from different contexts within the site, thus severely hampering our ability to document the original deposition locations of lithic artifacts. The results of our analyses, which focused on the entire assemblage, demonstrated that reduction strategies varied by raw material type and provided evidence for some formal tool repair and expedient tool production. Based on use-wear analysis results, tools appear to have been mostly used for a variety of primarily daily domestic functions. We suspect the ancient Maya also used chert and obsidian artifacts as ritual objects, such as grave goods, offerings, and for sacrificial blood-letting, in CBR.

}, author = {W. James Stemp and Gabriel D. Wrobel and Jaime J. Awe and Kelly Payeur} } @article {9848, title = {Subsistence at the Irving-Johnson Village and the Question of Deer Tending by the Neutrals}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {017-040}, abstract = {

The Irving-Johnston site (AjGx-27), located in the Crawford Lake region of southern Ontario, yielded over 8,500 zooarchaeological specimens, a large sample considering the diet and some of the seasonal rounds related to the subsistence of its Neutral inhabitants. Most of the remains were mammalian and of this class, the majority were identified as deer. This led to a consideration of the claim that the Neutral Indians \&$\#$39;tended\&$\#$39; deer. In this paper we present a summary of the faunal material from the Irving-Johnston site and discuss both some of the ethnohistoric evidence and the age at death evidence concerning Neutral deer remains before reaching the conclusion that we cannot agree, at this time, that the Neutrals were managing deer herds.

}, author = {Frances L. Stewart and William D. Finlayson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9411, title = {Sociobiology. The new synthesis}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {234-237}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9847, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award Winner {\textendash} Jim Pendergast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {005-006}, author = {Frances Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9409, title = {Sex and Gender in Paleopathological Perspective}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {206-211}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9860, title = {The Snyder Dam Site (DhMg-37), Southwestern Manitoba:Two New Ceramic Components}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {041-067}, abstract = {

Samples from two components of the Snyder Dam Site (DhMg-37), Southwestern Manitoba are discussed. Occupation 1 is a late Middle (or Initial) Woodland component with a weighted mean of three dates of A.D. 937\±39. Occupation 2 is a Late (or Terminal) Woodland component dating A.D. 1285\±70. The multiple dates represent a test of comparison using collagen versus charcoal dates and are accompanied by discussion of the relative merits of each material. The two components are represented by reconstructed vessels. The reconstructions show that much more information is available than from rim sherds. An attempt to relate the squat conoidal textile impressed vessels of Occupation 1 materials with other ceramic typologies of the Middle Woodland period shows that the Snyder Dam component is unique and that comparative analysis is hampered by rarity of reconstructions, lack of analysis of textile surface impressions, poor quality of visual presentations, and local regional orientation of analysis.

}, author = {E. Leigh Syms} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11119, title = {Stories of the Old Ones from Lee River, Southeastern Manitoba: The Owl Inini, Carver Inini and Dancer Ikwe}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {216-218}, editor = {Scott Hamilton} } @article {9863, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {114-117}, author = {J. Callum Thomson} } @article {9864, title = {Seasons of Difference: Stone Tool Use and Palaeolithic Seasonality in Central Europe}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {093-122}, abstract = {

Typologies of stone tools from prehistoric archaeological sites have traditionally provided the basis for normative models based on presumed ethno-chronologies. The study presented in this article relies on microscopic use-wear of stone tools from Upper Palaeolithic sites in Central Europe to suggest a far greater interpretive potential for lithic assemblages. Willendorf, Doln{\'\i} Vestonice, and Pavlov are well-known Gravettian sites with some of the earliest examples of carved figurines and textile fibres. Yet despite their geographic proximity their similarities and differences have rarely been seriously studied. The results of the lithic use-wear study from the sites suggest a varied seasonal occupation for both sites, permitting a more nuanced interpretation of different stone tool assemblages. This line of evidence suggests that some Palaeolithic sites may have been occupied for much longer intervals than previously considered.

}, author = {Silvia Tom{\'a}{\v s}kov{\'a}} } @article {9867, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {101-103}, author = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @Symposium Papers {10978, title = {A summary of Atlantic provinces prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {122-144}, author = {James~A.~Tuck} } @article {9871, title = {Seasonal Round Problems on the Alberta Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {055-072}, abstract = {

This paper examines the articulation of archaeological data with models of Native settlement pattern on the Alberta Plains. The models are derived from ethnographic accounts for the Historic equestrian Blackfoot, and from bison ecology for prehistoric pedestrian hunters. Both models assume that the Plains Indians were organized into residential bands which may have formed tribal aggregates in some seasons. The archaeological data indicate that two patterns of spring settlement existed; one of bands communally hunting bison, another of extended family groups stalking bison. There is no evidence for summer tribal aggregations; rather, it appears that small family camps were situated along the edges of river valleys. Large fall season communal kills and camps are under-represented in comparison to the Wyoming record; this may be a sampling problem. Two patterns exist for winter: large, isolated, multi-band camps in major river valleys, and smaller band camps distributed more continuously along smaller streams. The large winter camps form the best evidence for residential aggregates larger than the band in prehistoric times. These data suggest that the settlement pattern was more complex than accounted for by existing models.

}, author = {J. Rod Vickers} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9427, title = {The St. Lawrence Iroquoians: Corn People}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {287-290}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11408, title = {Strung Out on Archaeology: An Introduction to Archaeological Research}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {132-133}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9156, title = {Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {250-253}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @article {9883, title = {Sechelt Zoomorphic Stone Bowl}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {007-016}, abstract = {

In July 1991, an intricate stone bowl pecked and ground into the form of a bird was presented to the Sechelt band for permanent display in their museum. This pedastalled zoomorphic stone bowl, an impressive piece of sculpture in its own right, is unique in that it represents the first such item to have been recovered and reported from a dated archaeological context on the west coast of British Columbia. The artifact is one of the benchmarks of the Marpole Culture type and was recovered from a unique high-elevation site.

}, author = {Ian R. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9218, title = {The Sheguiandah Site: Archaeological, Geological and Paleobotanical Studies at a Paleoindian Site on Manitoulin Island, Ontario}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {344-348}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @Obituaries {11428, title = {Sterling L. Presley (1934-1989)}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {223-225}, author = {J.V. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9343, title = {Shamanism and the Ancient Mind: A Cognitive Approach to Archaeology}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {404-406}, editor = {Joyce M. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9470, title = {Sagas and Popular Antiquarianism in Icelandic Archaeology}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {086-087}, editor = {Cynthia Zutter} }