@article {9472, title = {Old World Prehistory and Early Canadian Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {001-017}, abstract = {

Scottish prehistory and Canadian archaeology and ethnology were interdependent for key figures in the history of archaeology, such as Sir Daniel Wilson. One way to assess the nature and extent of interconnectedness of intellectual traditions between the Old and New Worlds is to look to the parallel establishment of national museums, and key questions emerge. The present study therefore looks to (a) ways in which Scottish and wider European impulses have influenced early Canadian archaeological and ethnological collections, such as that of the Geological Survey of Canada, and (b) the extent to which Canadian material culture shaped conceptions of the British and Irish past. Grappling with these topics leads us to be critical of simple colonialist models of ideas and influences emanating outwards from a central core.

}, author = {Kristj{\'a}n Ahronson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11943, title = {The Oxford Handbook of Zooarchaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {287-293}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @Conference Paper {9972, title = {The Oxbow Site Revisited}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the 1978 and 1979 field seasons, a large area of the deeply stratified Oxbow site from the Miramichi River district of New Brunswick was excavated in 10 cm arbitrary levels. A chronological framework for the Ceramic Period in northeastem New Brunswick was formulated by separating the data recorded into Early, Middle and Late Ceran{\`u}c Period indicators. Some early dates and some surprising artifact associations lead some to quesfion the excavation method. In 1984 additional excavations at the site were conducted by natural/cultural levels. The 1984 data from the earliest, middle and most recent cultural levels were found to compare most favourably with the previously published chronological framework. The reinforced framework will be presented with commentary.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Conference Paper {9986, title = {Occupation planoenne tardive au site de St. Louis, FfNk-7, dans le centre de la Saskatchewan}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {L.J. (Butch) Amundson and David Meyer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9163, title = {The Origins of War: Violence in Prehistory}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {101-104}, editor = {Bill Angelbeck} } @Conference Paper {10077, title = {Ossements et contextes : le pal{\'e}o-ADN et l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des maladies dans le pass{\'e}}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Jodi Lynn Barta} } @Conference Paper {10095, title = {Of Mud and Men: History of the Fletcher Site (DjOw-1), Southern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Situated in the most arid region of the Canadian prairies, water has always played an important role at the Fletcher Site (DjOw-1). Water, the digging of a dugout, was involved in the site{\textquoteright}s recognition, and water, in the form of a lake and its associated resources, probably attracted Paleoindians to the locale around 9000 years ago. Indeed, waterlogged conditions at depth have preserved a fine record of plant and other macroremains from the early Holocene. The record supports a view of early Holocene water availability on the plains that forms a strong contrast with today. Since Forbis and his team worked there almost forty years ago, Fletcher has remained one of the most important Paleoindian sites in western Canada and it continues to contribute to our understanding of human occupation on the prairies.}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Conference Paper {10154, title = {Ordering the End of the Preceramic in the Maritime Peninsula: A Bayesian Analysis of Radiometric Dates}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Recent research in the estuary of the St. John River valley, of south-central New Brunswick, Canada, has expanded our knowledge of human settlement and behaviour during the Terminal Archaic (Preceramic) and Maritime Woodland (Ceramic) period. When this new information is added to a sequence provided by previously excavated sites (especially Fulton Island BlDn-12 and Cow Point BlDn-2), the result is a suite of 31 radiometric dates ranging from the Late Archaic (3980{\textpm}70 uncal bp) to the Middle Maritime Woodland period (1590{\textpm}40 uncal bp). Bayesian statistics can provide insight into relationships between these dates and our models for diachronic patterning in the archaeological record. Using results generated by BCal (a calibration and statistics software program administered by Dr. C. Buck on the University of Sheffield mainframe), I will discuss these relationships and what they suggest about continuity in the archaeological record, both within the lower St. John River sequence, and in terms of broader regional archaeological manifestations during this period of ambiguity in the regional archaeological record.}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10188, title = {Orientations actuelles et futures en arch{\'e}ologie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}Universit{\'e} McMaster}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Sarah Bonesteel and S.Brooke Milne and Christine Cluney and Bathurst, Rhonda and Meghan Burchell and Peter Bangarth} } @Symposium Papers {10963, title = {The Oxbow Complex and the Anomalous Winter Hypothesis}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {137-144}, author = {A.P. Buchner} } @Conference Paper {10304, title = {Old Copper Artifacts from Northwestern Ontario}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent copper artifact recoveries, together with a review of previously reported finds in Northwestern Ontario, are compared to types established in Wisconsin. Their distribution is plotted and the typology confirmed. Large copper gaffs, socketed pikes and punches and rat-tailed spatulas not previously typed characterize the assemblage in the region. Considering the associated materials, the context and extensive recoveries and the spatial distribution, it is suggested that the manifestations do not represent trade or movement of people into the region as has been suggested for the manifestations in Minnesota and Manitoba. Typology and provenience suggest a centre, predating the Nipissing stage, of early Old Copper at the junctions of major rivers and Lake Superior. This is particularly evident in the data of the Kaministiquia River. The assemblage persists and spreads east and west in the middle Old Copper period but is poorly represented by the late period.}, author = {Dawson. Kenneth C.A.} } @Conference Paper {10357, title = {Oral Tradition, Archaeology, and the League of the Iroquois}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {An historical analysis of the oral tradition concerning the formation of the League of the Iroquois is discussed, focussing on the limitations of using ritual oral discourse for interpreting the circumstances that influenced the formation of the League. This analysis differs from previous work on this topic by emphasizing oral tradition as a dynamic system utilized within a changing social context. The bounds within which information flow, modification, and manipulation occur imply the roles and origins of consistent verbal motif types that appear throughout the tradition. Implications for the interpretation of settlement patterns, exchange, and symbolic attributes are examined in reference to assemblages in the Mohawk River drainage.}, author = {Casagrand, Robert S.} } @article {9525, title = {The Origin of The Iroquoian Rim Sherd From {\^I}le Aux Basques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {096-101}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Laurier Turgeon and Greg Kennedy and Dominique Lalande} } @Conference Paper {10416, title = {Old Songhees Reserve (DcRu-25): A Newly Discovered Northwest Coast Wetsite}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent recovery of organic material from the Old Songhees Reserve (DcRu-25) in Victoria, British Columbia has shed light on a dynamic period of human occupation. Dating to the European contact period, an interesting assemblage of prehistoric, ethnographic and historic items was unearthed. Notably this assemblage includes basketry, wooden fish hooks, a bentwood box, and one of the largest collections of leather shoes recovered from a North American wetsite. Analysis of the ethnographic artifacts depicts a rich story of the cosmopolitan life near Fort Victoria in the late 19th century. Less than 20 archaeological wetsites have been excavated from the entire Northwest Coast and this is the only one from the European contact period.}, author = {Terence Clark and Genevieve Hill and Kristina Bowie} } @Conference Paper {10420, title = {On the Ottawa Valley, 5000Years Ago: The Morrison Island Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The late Clyde Kennedy excavated this site 35 years ago but he never got time to analyze its collection beyond the stage of a preliminary report. Re-analysis shows it is one of the most important Laurentian Archaic sites in the whole Northeast. A discussion of chronology, site nature and function, seasonality and variability is presented.}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @Conference Paper {10441, title = {Obsidian in the Beringian Area: A Progress Report}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Considerable progress has been made in Obsidian analysis in Alaska, northwest Canada, and Siberia over the last year. The project is comprised of two major elements: source identification and hydration measurements. Although the former is fundamental to reliable dating and has been the major foeus of our research this last year, significant advances have also been made in consolidating a hydration measurement database. Using instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), X-Ray diffraction (XRF), and microprobe analyses, more than 900 samples of obsidian have been analyzed for their elemental composition. These three methods will be compared and evaluated for their efficiency and reliability in differentiating obsidian. Each has particular strengths and weaknesses. The statistical results of these analyses will be compared and the distinguishing signatures of the obsidian will be identified. The geographic distribution of the distinctive obsidian groups will be presented with particular emphasis on the eastern Beringian region.}, author = {Cook, John P.} } @Conference Paper {10518, title = {Origins of Sedentism on the Western Plateau: Evidence from the Baker Site (EdQx 43) / Origines de la s{\'e}dentarit{\'e} sur le plateau de l\&$\#$03}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeological excavations were conducted by I. R. Wilson Consultants in 1991, 1994 and 1995 at the Baker Site EdQx 43 near Kamloops, British Columbia as part of proposed improvements to the Trans-Canada Highway. These excavations revealed several intact house pits and associated artifacts and faunal remains dating to between 4,200 and 4,400 BP making them the oldest recorded house pits in the interior of British Columbia. This site has important implications for cultural chronology, sedentism, and cultural complexity in the British Columbia Interior.}, author = {DAHLSTROM, Bruce} } @Conference Paper {10619, title = {One Party Too Many? - Container and Table Glass From, the Inge-va Privy}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {From 1987 through 1989, archaeological excavations have been conducted at the Inge-va estate in Perth, Ontario under the auspices of the Ontario Heritage Foundation. Inge-va was built in 1823 and represents one of the finest Neo-Classical Georgian houses in eastern Ontario. While only occupied by three families since its construction, the archaeological work has focused on the Radenhurst family and in particular, the excavation of an abandoned privy pit deposit which uncovered over 15,000 artifacts in 1988. This paper will present a preliminary analysis of the large number of container glass and table glass objects recovered from. the privy excavation. Incorporating this information into the existing data model will improve our ability to draw inferences about the complex inter-relationships of the behaviour patterns and events which lead to the creation of this unique archaeological. collection.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10637, title = {Of Silt, Sand and Paleoindians at Squatec (ClEe-9): An Early Holocene Occupation in a Changing Landscape of Southeastern Quebec}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Squatec late Paleoindian site lies in a focal area of an extensive network of valleys connecting the Bay of Fundy to the St. Lawrence estuary. Its complex stratigraphy witnesses to a very dynamic physical and hydrologic environment in the early Holocene and to major natural events that can be traced as far as the upper St. John valley.}, author = {Dumais, Pierre and Gilles Rousseau} } @Conference Paper {10661, title = {The organization of ceramic technology among highly mobile Great Basin groups.}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The ethnographic literature shows that pottery use is uncommon among mobile hunter-gatherers. A number of factors inhibit use of ceramic pots in such societies, including the heaviness and breakability of pots, seasonal conflicts between gathering and pottery production, and low population numbers and low demand for pots. However, highly mobile groups of the late prehistoric Great Basin were able to resolve these issues and made pots. This paper examines how the production and use of earthenware pots was organized among the Paiute and Shoshone despite high residential mobility.}, author = {Eerkens, Jelmer} } @article {9580, title = {The Other Face of Janus: Research in the Service of Archaeological Resource Management}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {095-113}, abstract = {Lately some prominent members of the discipline have criticized applied archaeology, especially its research standards and low productivity of new knowl- edge relevant to the interests of academics. More serious, however, has been the entire descipline{\textquoteright}s inability to show concretely the effectiveness of its methods and the importance of its goals to government and industry. This dilemma seems resolvable by turning the first problem around to address the second. That is, archaeologists need to concentrate on how to better manage the resource base and how to improve the attendant research, be it applied or academic in nature. Such a change in focus requires a fundamental reorientation. Good impact assessment or mitigation work must provide information for resource management decision- making and scientific explanation. Ecology, undergoing many of the same diffi- culties and adjustments as archaeology, is beginning to reconcile its management and scientific responsibilities by concentrating on how better research can con- tribute to improved impact assessments and environmental management. We would do well to consider ecology{\textquoteright}s findings. For it is time for archaeology to likewise improve its management and scientific services to the public, rather than continue to use applied research activities only as opportunities to serve itself within a narrow, academic view of the discipline.}, author = {Henri T. Epp and Brian F. Spurling} } @Conference Paper {10719, title = {THE OTHER SIDE OF THE HILL: THE BURIED HISTORY OF SIGNAL HILL NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The nineteenth-century British garrison on Signal Hill in St. John{\textquoteright}s has left us a surprisingly rich historical record buried in the ground. Today the park provides city residents and visitors alike with a stunningly beautiful natural landscape. Hidden throughout that landscape are the defences, barracks and workshops of its former military occupants. Archaeology in the park helps to illuminate the long struggle of the soldiers, not against human adversaries, but against a more persistent foe - the harsh environment. The Canadian Parks Service is currently developing these archaeological resources to help tell the story of Signal Hill.}, author = {Ferguson, Robert} } @article {11797, title = {Objects as Stepping Stones: Sustainable Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {004-012}, author = {Neal Ferris and Aubrey Cannon and John Welch} } @Conference Paper {10760, title = {An Overview of the Late Prehistory of Subarctic British Columbia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {British Columbia spans significant portions of the Northwest Coast, Plateau and Subarctic culture areas as usually defined for aboriginal North America. However, in comparison to the considerable amount of information now available for its Northwest Coast and Plateau segments, the precontact human story of Subarctic British Columbia still has received no published synthesis. This paper will offer an initial summary and discussion of the late prehistory (i.e. the last ca. 5,000 years) of that large region.It has long been presumed that access to salmon was a significant factor increasing human populations and heightening cultural complexity on the adjacent Northwest Coast and Plateau. The validity of that notion for Subarctic British Columbia will be tested by comparing the late prehistoric cultural records of its {\textquoteright}salmon{\textquoteright} vs. {\textquoteright}non-salmon areas. Attention also will be paid to that persistent question of how long Athapaskan groups may have occupied their ethnographic territories in Subarctic BC and who (if anyone) lived there before them. Related to that is the possibility that such pre-contact ethnolinguistic distributions also were linked to a differential availability of salmon.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @Symposium Papers {10973, title = {One View of Plains Archaeology in Canada: the Past Decade}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {157-166}, author = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Conference Paper {10787, title = {Owls and Orenda}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {While subsistence activities dominated Native peoples{\textquoteright} day to day lives to varying degrees throughout their annual cycle of hunting, gathering and/or horticulture, another health-related issue rernained an insidious constant. Throughout the Northeast, the fear of witchcraft has been a pervasive influence at both a personal and community level. Among no group has this been more true than the Iroquois. The issue of identifying evidence of witchcraft in the archaeological record will be explored using ethnographic, ethnohistoric and archaeological data.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10786, title = {Ontario Cherts Revisited}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {An overview of current knowledge concerning Northern and Southern Ontario chert sources is presented, focussing on characterisation/identification and knapping quality. An attempt is made to clarify some of the chert type terminology established by Fox, some 30 years ago, which continues in use in the literature.}, author = {William Fox and Patrick Julig and Dan Long} } @Conference Paper {10804, title = {Observational Archaeoastronomy at Stonehenge: Winter and Summer Solstice Sun Rise and Set Alignments Accurate to 0.2 o in 4000 BP}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For several centuries it has been assumed that observations of Solstitial Sun Rises and Sets, if they were made at Stonehenge, were made from inside the Sarsen Circle looking outward. The outlying Heel Stone is in approximately the Summer Solstice Sun Rise direction when viewed from the centre of the Sarsen Circle. The fact that the Solstitial Sun rises Northerly of this line, and 4000 years ago rose still more Northerly of it, has been excused by the assumption that the observations were ceremonial, and the inaccuracy of 2 o did not matter. Our long-term experience at a site in Alberta has shown that Sun lines were accurate to 0.1 o to 0.2 o, so we wondered whether the Stonehenge people in Britain had been as fussy. During three study visits to Stonehenge, in the Decembers of 1995 and 1997, and June 1999, we discovered that accurate lines in 4000 BP were obtained by standing far outside the Sarsen Circle, and looking through narrow gaps between the Circle and Trilithon Stones, to the Sun Rise or Set on the horizon beyond. The Heel Stone was not a foresight for the Summer Solstice Sun Rise, but was an observation position for the Winter Solstice Sun Set into the side of a burial mound 1 km away, on the far side of the Sarsen Circle. We have recorded Solstitial Sun Rises and Sets through Stonehenge in both December and June. The lines 4000 years ago were 0.94 o farther away from due East and West, and traversed the Circle in the manner that we will show. The Rise and Set lines crossed over the middle of the Altar Stone.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10803, title = {Observational Archaeoastronomy at the Majorville Medicine Wheel Complex: Winter and Summer Solstice Sun Rise and Set Alignments Accurate to 0.2o}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Majorville Medicine Wheel is actually a Sun Cairn surrounded by a Rayed Ring. It is the central construction of an enormous Sun Temple that extends over about 100 square kilometres. There are auxilliary cairns on the site that make up, among other things, an accurate calendar. On occasion I have been asked why people who followed the bison would have wanted an accurate calendar. The answer is that the Sky is a map that is fascinating, and some people are drawn to read it. I have found no evidence that people who lived here five or ten thousand years ago were less intelligent than us. Examine an Eden or Scottsbluff point. It is possible that while Europeans and Asians were advancing in technology, Americans were advancing in philosophy. When mortal conflict arises between technologists and philosophers, the technologists win. We will display some of the Solstitial Sun Rise and Set lines at the Sun Temple near Majorville that have put the subject of Archaeoastronomy on a sounder, empirical foundation. Techniques developed at the site near Majorville have been applied at Stonehenge, and greatly improved the archaeoastronomy of that Sun Temple. We continue to urge Archaeological Survey of Alberta officials to designate more of the Majorville site.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10814, title = {Of Moose and Maggots: Experimental Breakage of Decomposed, Fresh and Frozen Longbones by Pressure and Percussion}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Despite the importance of fresh {\textquoteright}spiral{\textquoteright} fracture of bone to zooarchaeological interpretation, many factors potentially affecting bone breakage are poorly understood. The experiments reported here consist of controlled breakage of small samples of bone while altering a number of variables, including holding position (single or double anvil), nature of applied force (static or dynamic), age of bone when broken (fresh or weathered), and temperature (frozen or unfrozen). Bone fragments resulting from breakage episodes were compared on the basis of continuous and discontinuous data.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10845, title = {Once Were... Shamen? Kiinatuqarvik: A Multidisciplinary Project of Unique Dorset Petroglyphs}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In 1996 a multidisciplinary project named Kiinatuqarvik (an Inuit word meaning {\textquoteright}faces appearing on the rock{\textquoteright}) was initiated by the Avataq Cultural Institute following a request from the Kangirsujuaq Community. The Avataq archaeologists were joined in their endeavor by researchers from Laval University and elsewhere. Right from the onset, this long-term project became a multidisciplinary research programme aimed at documenting, studying and protecting the various rock-engraved locations, as well as to construe their place, functions and meanings in the development of local and regional history, especially from the Dorset period onward. Also, one of the main objectives has been to assess the state of preservation of these unique Eastern Arctic sites in the perspective of developing a procedure for the conservation and the responsible management of those non-renewable cultural resources. For the first 3 years, the fieldwork mainly focused on one of those petroglyph sites: Qajartalik (JhEv-1). Although this site had been partly analysed during the 1960s, the visual content (petroglyphs per se) had not been fully recorded, and, overall, the archaeological potential still remained to be carefully exploited. Since this rock engraving site is also an important component of a soapstone quarry, studying the site{\textquoteright}s activity areas and their surroundings might yield significant clues about its past exploitation, both for economical and ideological purposes, especially during the Dorset period. This paper will present some of the results we obtained so far. In particular, the authors intend to address some questions related to the relationships between the site{\textquoteright}s physical and symbolic components with regard to the Dorset occupation in this region, and to its presumed shamanic nature when compared with the Dorset religious domain as a whole.}, author = {Daniel Gendron and Daniel Arsenault and Louis Gagnon and Claude Pinard} } @Conference Paper {10869, title = {Of GISs and PDAs: Strategies for Automated Archaeological Mapping and Field Data Collection}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Usually, unpredictable field situations make archaeological survey data very difficult to collect without resorting to the centuries-old technique of writing notes in a diary or notebook and annotating maps at various scales. Even with the advent of powerful laptop computers, field recording still relies heavily on paper and maps, because laptops just aren{\textquoteright}t made for truly mobile data recording. For several years, archaeologists have been experimenting with the use of PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants -pen-based hand held computers) as a means of overcoming the limitations of laptop data collection. Practical experience suggests that if PDA software is carefully designed for specific archaeological applications, such instruments can function as highly efficient survey data loggers, making rapid incorporation of field data into GISs quite feasible. The trick is to decide what PDA to use, what software to use with it, how to maintain recording accuracy and ultimately how to integrate the collected data seamlessly with a GIS. Early adopters of this technology/methodology mix must ride the wave of market-driven innovation, which is never stable and rarely predictable. This paper describes one such experience, that illustrates the perils of research and development in this area, and also the advantages that can be gained in using PDA data-loggers with GIS for archaeological data collection.}, author = {GIBSON, Terrance} } @Conference Paper {10887, title = {Of men and reindeer in French Magdalenian prehistory}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Physical manipulation of reindeer teeth, plus the ageing of teeth to determine seasonality of death, were covered in the last annual meeting. It was found that control specimens accurately reflect known age of animal and hence, seasonal occupation by hunters of archaeological sites. Additional information on annular increments of reindeer-caribou and other teeth using sheltered animals on fixed diet will re-open the discussion. This will be followed by interpretation of increment counts of teeth taken from 54 Magdalenian sites, chiefly from S.W. France. Observations of suggested reindeer and hunting band movements 10-15,000 years ago will be discussed.}, author = {B. Gordon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9086, title = {Oldman River Dam Stone Features Study: Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Technical Series}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {115-118}, editor = {Sheila Greaves} } @Conference Paper {10916, title = {The Origins of Metallurgy - A Zooarchaeological Approach / Les origines de la m{\'e}tallurgie : une approche zooarch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper proposes a new analytical procedure for identifying and mapping the introduction and spread of metallurgy to regions based upon the relative frequency of metal versus stone tool slicing cut marks in butchered animal bone assemblages. Experiments to be described here established the relationship between the edge characteristics of metal and stone tools and the marks they produce when applied to bone. Through the use of silicon molds of slicing cut marks analyzed through SEM, the type of tool used to produce such cut marks on bone can be identified. Quantifying the distribution over time and space provides insight into the process of the introduction and diffusion of a functional metallurgical technology for subsistence activities. Prehistoric data from the Central Balkans of southeast Europe are presented to illustrate the utility of the procedure. These data are used to calculate the frequency of use and relative importance of stone and metal implements over time, from the introduction of metallurgy during the Late Neolithic through the end of the Bronze Age.}, author = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @article {9605, title = {The Organization of Production in Prehistoric Thule Whaling Societies of the Central Canadian Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {011-028}, abstract = {

This paper is an investigation of the organization of production that characterized prehistoric Thule Eskimo whaling societies of the central Canadian Arctic during the Classic Period (1150-1450AD). The distribution of whaling-related artifacts among houses at seven large prehistoric Thule winter sites in the central Canadian Arctic is examined. Results of a sample size-richness simulation and examination of artifact co-occurrences indicate that whaling-related items are differentially distributed among houses. The structure of the distribution indicates that a division of labour for whaling, similar in certain respects to that described for ethnographic North Alaskan whaling crews, may have operated in prehistoric Thule whaling societies. Recent discussions of social inequality in Eskimo whaling societies have focused on the whaling crew, considering the potential for its hierarchical relations of production to have formed the basis for social and material inequity. Results of the artifact analyses are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of social inequality and hierarchies in prehistoric Thule whaling societies of the Canadian Arctic.

}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10939, title = {Only in Alberta: Ancient and Modern Intensive Resource Procurement at the Bodo Bison Skulls Site}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {When people think of Alberta{\textquoteright}s past, they think of bison kills. When they think of Alberta now, they think of oil wells. A huge bison kill site and an intensive petroleum recovery operation coexist in a stabilized sand dune locality on the northeast edge of the Neutral Hills, south of Provost, Alberta. When the Bodo Bison Skulls Site was discovered in 1995, in the middle of the oilfield operation, assessment indicated that the site remains were perhaps 1000 years old, representing short term but extensive bison impoundment activities. Renewed drilling and pipeline trenching in the spring of 2000 required additional assessment and considerable excavation. Intensified reconnaissance of the locality has expanded the size of the site to at least 140 hectares, with extensive deposits of butchered bison bone appearing throughout the site area. In one abandoned wellpad locality, a 2 x 2 m excavation revealed a 50 cm thick midden of discarded bison bone, complete with preserved hair and at least 50 projectile points. Fifty metres away a 5 x 5 m excavation revealed an intact living floor with hearths, pottery clusters and ochre stains, suggesting one or more residences. This pattern of intensive carcass processing and adjacent camping activity appears to occur repeatedly across more than a kilometre of rolling stabilized sand dune terrain. The presence of intensive industrial oilfield activity on the site presents both perils and opportunities for archaeology. Past drilling and trenching has disturbed significant portions of the site, yet careful management of future development and a pledge of preservation as an operating principle by the developer should minimize any future site impact. Furthermore, academic interest in this site is growing, and with developer assistance the time may not be far off when Alberta can boast of another major interpreted archaeological site within its borders.}, author = {Gibson Terrance H.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9167, title = {Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {133-136}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @article {9617, title = {Old Bones, New Reality: A Review of Issues and Guidelines Pertaining to Repatriation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {234-257}, abstract = {

In January 2003, the Kitigan Zibi asked the Canadian Museum of Civilization to repatriate several 5,000-year-old burials. This request highlighted four controversial issues pertaining to repatriation: human remains may be too old to be culturally affiliated with a modern Aboriginal community; human remains are valuable repositories of information about ancient populations and must be kept for future analysis; repatriation may render museums unable to keep collections; and First Nations may eventually repent of having reburied their past. These reasons are reviewed with reference to guidelines and recommendations of several national and international bodies. Although these are valid issues, they are insufficient to refuse requests for repatriation. Rather than defending entrenched positions, archaeologists should enter into negotiations that recognize and address underlying issues and concerns held by both archaeologists and First Nations.

}, author = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9248, title = {Origin and Spread of Microblade Technology in Northern Asia and North America}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {309-312}, editor = {Craig M. Lee} } @Symposium Papers {10982, title = {An Overview of Canadian Prehistory for the Last Decade}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {047-054}, author = {George F. MacDonald} } @article {9699, title = {Ordinateurs et Arch\éologie/ Ethnologie}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {239-243}, author = {Roger Marois} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12545, title = {Out of the Cold: Archaeology on the Arctic Rim of North America}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {247-248}, editor = {Liam Frink} } @Symposium Papers {10989, title = {The Oxbow Complex: 1980 Perspectives}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {155-169}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9073, title = {The Origins and Spread of Domestic Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {359-362}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9306, title = {Out of the Past. Digs and Artifacts in the Saskatoon Area}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {232-234}, editor = {Richard E. Morlan} } @article {9754, title = {One Gun Phase Points: A Reassessment of the Late Side-Notched Projectile Point System in Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {248-273}, abstract = {

Investigations on the Canadian Plains have been unsuccessful in differentiating between pre-contact projectile points recovered from One Gun phase sites\—an intrusive group to the region\—and points from the locally defined Cayley series, which are frequently used as diagnostic markers of the Old Women\’s phase. This paper uses a variety of statistical methods to investigate similarities between points from the One Gun phase Cluny site, and points from the uppermost levels (Old Women\’s phase) of the Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump site. Metrics were collected on digital images from direct 2-D point scans to promote consistency, accuracy, and replicability. While population level differences were found, individual specimens could not be identified to their respective phase. In this case, projectile points are not reliable variables for linking components with phases in the protohistoric period, which suggests that the point type may be best described as a horizon style.

}, author = {Tyler James Murchie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9324, title = {Of Men and Herds in Barrenland Prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {237-239}, editor = {Ronald J. Nash} } @article {9769, title = {Ontario Iroquois Effigy Pipes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {069-090}, abstract = {

This paper presents a basic taxonomic classification for Ontario Iroquois effigy pipes. Forty-five zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and dual styles (types) are enumerated. In addition, twelve lines of interpretation provide varying explanations of what this art work means. It is concluded that multiple explanations are required, and that they are effigy specific.

}, author = {William.C. Noble} } @article {9876, title = {One hundred and twenty-five years of archaeology in the Canadian provinces}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {4}, year = {1972}, pages = {001-078}, author = {William~C.~Noble} } @article {9786, title = {The Ottawa River Algonquin Bands in a St.Lawrence Iroquoian Context}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {063-136}, abstract = {

Current archaeological data and linguistic interpretations, together with seventeenth-century primary documentary and cartographic sources, provide no compelling evidence that an association existed between the Ottawa River Algonquins and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians in the upper St. Lawrence Valley prior to the destruction of these Iroquoians circa 1580. Neither is there evidence that the Onontchataronon Ottawa River Algonquin band having occupied the South Nation River basin as has been suggested. However, taken at face value, there is circumstantial evidence to suggest descendants of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians may have been living with one or another of the Ottawa River Algonquin bands circa 1640. The Onontchataronon band may have been largely composed of assimilated St. Lawrence Iroquoian refugees.

}, author = {James F. Pendergast} } @article {9820, title = {Old Cuts and Scrapes: Composite Chipped Stone Knives on the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {001-031}, abstract = {

Existence of highly curated, hafted, composite chipped stone knives involving both bifacial blades and unifacial scrapers is postulated for the Canadian Plateau, and behavioral implications related to these tools are explored and addressed. Many researchers assume ad hoc that chipped stone, convex-edged, unifacial endscrapers\&$\#$39; are clear indices of hide working. Here, such formed unifaces are argued to have also functioned frequently and effectively for an important step in fish cleaning and processing. Composite knives made during the Nesikep Tradition (ca. 7,000 to 4,500 BP) may have been an important inclusion in most personal tool kits, and would have been designed to deal with a broad range of tasks, making them invaluable for groups practicing unanticipated opportunistic and immediate food consumption, and fairly high group mobility. Use during the much later Kamloops horizon (ca. 1,200 to 200 BP) likely reflects processing large numbers of salmon in preparation for both immediate and delayed (stored) consumption. The functional efficiency of a replicated Lehman Phase composite knife was subjectively assessed by experimentally cleaning/dressing several sockeye salmon. Recommendations for future research directions relating to composite knives are offered, as is a provisional general outline of appropriate methodological strategies to investigate these tools in greater depth.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {Mike K. Rousseau} } @article {9819, title = {The Oregon Jack Creek Site (EdRi{\textendash}6): a Lehman Phase Site in the Thompson River Valley, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {039-063}, abstract = {

Archaeological excavations in Area 1 of the Oregon Jack Creek site (EdRi-6) in the Thompson River Valley of British Columbia have revealed a single prehistoric occupation associated with a radiocarbon age determination on elk bone collagen of 4850 \± 100 B.P. (Beta 11453). The occupation is a component of the recently defined Lehman phase, a middle prehistoric cultural manifestation that is presently estimated to date between ca. 6000 and 4500/4000 B.P. Artifacts, features and faunal remains from Area 1 indicate that at least three elk (Cervus elaphus) were butchered and processed. Other inferred activities include: multidirectional and bipolar core reduction and flake blank preparation; manufacture of bifacial projectile points and knives; production and use of unformed unifaces; freshwater mussel consumption; and construction and use of a small pit feature which may have been used for boiling food.

}, author = {Mike K. Rousseau and Thomas Richards} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9244, title = {Olduvai Gorge Volume 5: Excavations in Beds III, IV and the Masek Beds 1968{\textendash}1971}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {160-163}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9456, title = {Origins and Revolutions: Human Identity in Earliest Prehistory}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {182-184}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} }