@Conference Paper {9952, title = {Northwestern Plains Prehistory Database: A New CRM Tool}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Over the past two years, Parks Canada has commissioned Western Heritage Services Inc. to design and produce a tool to access and analyze Northwestern Plains prehistory through direct access to data. The project was conceived as a management and research tool that would allow users to identify resources within the study area that would relate to a wide variety of questions and management needs. The final product has the capacity to call up information on archaeological sites, historic records, cultural and natural features, and oral traditions, then sort and display textual or cartographic information. This report will outline objectives of the project, summarize how the database works, and discuss some examples of how it will be put to use.}, author = {Adams, Gary and James FINNIGAN} } @Conference Paper {9953, title = {Niaqulik, History meeting Archaeology}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Recent salvage excavation of a pair of 20th century sod houses in Ivvavik National Park at Niaqulik, have provided some interesting insights into the interrelationship between archaeology and traditional knowledge. The two houses, both very simply constructed in a traditional style, have provided enough information to make interpretations on who built them, when they were used, and how they fit into the bigger picture of Inuvialuit settlement at the Niaqulik site. This paper will present the results of the excavations and demonstrate how it can be fitted into the North Slope Inuvialuit Oral History project of Murielle Nagy (1994) to integrate the two projects into a more comprehensive understanding of recent history on the shores of the Beaufort Sea.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Conference Paper {9967, title = {No Longer a Terra Incognita}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In the past year several new sites in the central Georgian Bay region of the southern Canadian Shield have been registered in the Ontario database. This region, particularly the interior of the region, previously had numerous Borden blocks with absolutely no registrations. This paper will provide a brief overview of some of the sites and show how, from these modest beginnings, a framework is emerging about possible new issues to be included in the study of the context in which the region{\textquoteright}s Archaic peoples and post contact Anishnabeg fishers lived. The presentation will include data about possible correlations of some Archaic sites with ancient lake levels and observations about the importance of the wind and long sight lines, rock features of some sacred sites and reasons for the choice of certain interior travel routes. Slides of LandSat imagery, artifacts and sites will be presented.}, author = {Allen, Bill} } @article {9476, title = {Nature versus Culture: A Comparison of Blackfoot and Kayap{\'o} Resource Management}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {219-247}, abstract = {

Smith (2011a) proposed a model of environmental engineering which includes six discrete categories of resource management believed to be universal within small-scale, pre-industrial societies. Through examination of the resource management practices of the Kayap{\'o} in the Amazon Basin and the Blackfoot on the Northwestern Plains, this paper will test the validity of Smith\’s model. The evidence presented will show that, with slight variations due to differences in mobility, Smith\’s model is largely appropriate. Additionally, although the management and use of \“wild\” or semi-domesticated resources is often seen as a step on the road to agriculture, resource management and the domestication of landscape can, in fact, be a specifically chosen subsistence strategy in and of itself. This type of resource management can also continue after agriculture has been adopted by a group, particularly if wild species continue to be an important part of a group\’s subsistence regime.

}, author = {Lindsay M. Amundsen-Meyer} } @Conference Paper {9987, title = {The Napaw Sipik Site (FiMq-2): A River House Complex Occupation in Eastern Saskatchewan}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Napaw Sipik Site, (FiMq-2) is a campsite near the Man River in eastern Saskatchewan, where Highway 55 between Nipawin and The Pas now crosses the river. The artifacts, features and apparent brief and singular nature of the occupation suggest a seasonal base camp placed to exploit a specific set of resources including but likely not restricted to the lithic raw materials in the cobbles of the Man River channel. If Areas 2 and 3 were occupied simultaneously, we can infer a multiple family habitation as indicated by the variety of activities reflected in the assemblage and the possible presence of a lodge. Area 2 was occupied between A.D. 830 and 910 (Beta-168249). Napaw Sipik is, therefore, a contemporary of the earliest components of Meyer{\textquoteright}s (2002) River House Complex (A.D. 900 to 1300). Like other sites of the River House Complex, Napaw Sipik contains net-impressed and Laurel type (Rollans et. al. 1993) pottery, triangular flake and Late Side-notched points and lacks Avonlea points. The results of this study and future research opportunities with this collection or excavations outside the impact zone, may provide evidence to rise to Meyer{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}significant interpretive challenges{\textquoteright} regarding the inclusion of Avonlea style pottery in some River House assemblages (Meyer 2002). Of particular is that the Napaw Sipik site in the centre of Meyer{\textquoteright}s River House culture area and ideally located to provide evidence to questions of the movement of forest and prairie peoples around the turn of the last millennium.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie (Butch)} } @Conference Paper {9998, title = {Native Claims and the Future of Archaeological Research in the N. W. T}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The recent enactment of settlement legislation for the Gwich{\textquoteright}in, Inuvialuit and Nunavut land claim areas has altered the political reality of archaeological research in the Northwest Territories, requiring new relationships between researchers and claimant groups. This paper surveys the settlement legislation as it pertains to heritage resource management and through an examination of recent collaborative research projects constructive avenues for future research.}, author = {Thomas D. Andrews and Charles D. Arnold and Margaret M. BERTULLI} } @Conference Paper {10009, title = {NEW EVIDENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RANKED SOCIETY IN THE PRINCE RUPERT AREA}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {An archaeological survey of the Prince Rupert area, conducted between 1982 and 1991, led to the discovery of a number of new, pristine village sites. Analysis of the house depressions at these sites suggests that the idea of inherited rank emerged on the north coast of British Columbia around AD 100, which is 600 years later than previous estimates. This paper presents a summary of the new data and examines their implications for the development of cultural complexity on the northern Northwest Coast.}, author = {David ARCHER} } @Conference Paper {10020, title = {New discoveries at the Kiinatugarvik site (JhEv-1)}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The 2001 field season at the Qajartalik (site JhEv-1) soapstone quarry allow the discovery of new evidence suggesting a use of the site over several centuries. The authors will discuss these discoveries which shed new light on soapstone use in relation with highly symbolic visual manifestations.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault and Am{\'e}lie Langlais} } @Conference Paper {10041, title = {NONINTRUSIVE IDENTIFICATION OF BURIAL SITES THROUGH GROUND CONDUCTIVITY SURVEYING TECHNIQUES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Often, if a heritage resource impact assessment or an archacological research project is conducted on a site containing human remains, the research design is abandoned or modified drastically and field activities become mere reactions to the unexpected occurrence. However, recent ground conductivity studies by Manitoba{\textquoteright}s provincial Historic Resources Branch have enabled staff to determine unmarked grave locations without disrupting the underlying burials. This technique is particularly useful in situations where Native burials are known or thought likely to be present, as it identifies specific lands which can be avoided during construction and monitored in the future. The paper discusses research at three historic cemeteries where two models of ground conductivity meters were used, the EM-31 and the EM-38. The former reads a maximum depth of 6m, white the latter penetrates only one quarter of that depth. Studies were conducted at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s Anglican Church at Middlechurch, north of Winnipeg, and at the abandoned cemeteries associated with two former Native residential schools at Elkhorn and Brandon, Manitoba. Data generated at Middlechurch, where studies were conducted over a two-year period and Branch archaeologists tested anomalies, provided a foundation for subsequent research and interpretation of the residential school cemetery sites. The paper concludes with a comparison of the EM-31 and the EM-38 meters and discusses the logistical problems of using each machine, as well as their potentiel for archaeological applications.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M. and K. David McLeod} } @Conference Paper {10090, title = {New Initiative in Federal Shipwreck Legislation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {After several years of lobbying efforts by underwater archaeological groups throughout Canada, the Department of Communications has recently embarked upon a review of Federal Shipwreck Legislation. In particular, Part X of the Canada Shipping Act may be significantly revised. The new underwater archaeological legislation should be heritage based, providing an enforcement mechanism to protect and possibly enhance Canada{\textquoteright}s rich but fragile maritime heritage lying under water. British, American and Australian shipwreck legislation will provide models for this new federal initiative. Such heritage based legislation should protect for future generations our cultural resources lying underwater while enhancing our ability to learn about our past, and providing new recreational opportunities. This initiative is an exciting development for the diving, heritage and archaeological communities.}, author = {Beasley, Thomas B} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9287, title = {The Native Peoples of Canada: An Annotated Bibliography of Population Biology, Health and Illness}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {264-266}, editor = {Owen Beattie} } @Conference Paper {10189, title = {New Techniques for Recovering and Analyzing Ancient Human and Animal Hair}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Human and animal hair appears to be an important source of information that is routinely overlooked at some archaeological and paleontological sites. Hair has the potential to make contributions to our understanding of paleoecology, paleontology, and human prehistory. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the techniques and values of hair recovery by using a case study from the Mammoth Meadow site, southwestern Montana. Archaeological research conducted at the Mammoth Meadow site (24BE559) has led to the discovery of a deeply stratified workshop-habitation site with a Holocene and late Pleistocene archaeological record, which contains numerous flaked stone artifacts, animal bones, and features that date from the time of white contact to the end of the Pleistocene. A human and animal hair record occurs below a tephra lens that has been identified as Glacier Peak volcanic ash that is dated 11,000 yrs B.P. at a number of localities in the western United States. Hair and other organic remains including plant debris, fish scales, and feathers, occur in anaerobic silt and clay deposits at and below the water table. By using a process of pre-soaking sediments in sodium hexametaphosphate, it has been possible to disaggregate the hair from silts and clays and to use screen washing and flotation techniques to routinely collect human and animal hair. At the Center for the Study of the First Americans a series of related studies have been initiated. R. Ervin Taylor, U.C. Riverside is attempting to date hair keratin by AMS C-14 method. Drawing on Oregon State University Fish and Wildlife Department study skin collection, which contains over 8,000 specimens, Kate Rendich is: (1) developing comparative control samples of hair mounted on slides; (2) mounting hairs from, Mammoth Meadow; (3) using a video-digital imagery system to compare the known samples with unknown specimens. AdditionaIly, Walt Rearn, Agricultural Chemistry and Katherine Field, Microbiology, are attempting to determine if DNA can routinely be extracted from ancient hair. Results of these related projects will be reported at the conference.}, author = {Robson Bonnichsen and Katherine FIELD and Walter REAM and Ervin TAYLOR and Kate RENDICH} } @article {9504, title = {A Non-finite Radiocarbon Date on Charcoal at the {\textquoteleft}Dorset{\textquoteright} Palaeo-Eskimo Site of Cape Ray Light (CjBt{\textendash}1), Newfoundland, Canada, with Remarks on Acceptable Ages, Material Sources, and Environment}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {258-263}, author = {Ian A. Brookes} } @Conference Paper {10253, title = {No Title}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Evidence is now available to the effect that at least two flaked stone projectile point traditions were developing in parallel with the Clovis-Folsom Fluted Point Tradition. All three are material reflections of differential adaptations to environmental opportunities. Willow leaf-shaped El Jobo points with thick cross-sections are now quite well dated to between 12,000 and 14,000 B.P. in Venezuela, while the long stemmed Lake Mojave point tradition of the Great Basin has now been dated as early as 11,680 B.P. Probably the Lake Mojave form underwent general size reduction through time as did the Fluted Point Tradition. The presence of at least three partially contemporary and well differentiated projectile point traditions reflecting discrete ways of life in different areas before 11,500 B.P. implies that several antecedent cultural traditions developed indigenously in America during the Late Wisconsin from yet earlier cultural roots.}, author = {Alan L. Bryan} } @article {9512, title = {A Never Ending Story: Historical Developments in Canadian Archaeology and the Quest for Federal Heritage Legislation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {077-098}, abstract = {

Canada is one of the few first world nations lacking integrated and comprehensive heritage resource managment policy on a federal level. Though considerable sums of money have been spent by the Canadian government on archaeology from the 1960s to the present, and despite consistent lobbying efforts by the Canadian archaeological community, this situation remains in place. A critical history of Canadian archaeology and its politic, including recent Department of Communications initiatives for antiquities legislation is provided. With this latter legislation now forestalled, alternatives and challenges for the Canadian archaeological community in the remainder of the 1990s are identified.

}, author = {David Burley} } @Conference Paper {10345, title = {Nenana and Early Northwest Coast Similarities: Apples and Oranges or Oranges and Tangerines?}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The earliest cultures of the B.C.-Alaska coast north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca are more similar to Nenana than they are to the early cultures of adjacent regions. Because of the nature and availability of the data, comparisons are limited to lithic types and assemblages. Types typical of both cultures include scraper-planes (core scrapers), foliate and tear-drop bifaces, perforators, and scrapers. Microblade technology is either absent or very rare. Nenana begins by 11,800 cybp and according to some researchers continues in some regions of central Alaska to 8500 cybp and thus overlaps with the earliest dated Northwest Coast assemblages which begin about 10,000 cybp and continue little changed for some 1500 years. In this paper we explore the degree of similarity between the early Northwest assemblages and Nenana and suggest an historical relationship in which Nenana is at least in part antecedent.}, author = {Roy L. Carlson and Philip M. Hobler} } @Conference Paper {10344, title = {The Nineteenth Century Archaeology of Harlan I. Smith in Southern British Columbia}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Field letters and notes, photo scrapbooks, publications, and artifact collections of Harlan I. Smith from the American Museum of Natural History document the earliest archaeological expeditions to British Columbia. From a study of these records, the motivations, research questions, accomplishments, and relations with aboriginal peoples are revealed. Franz Boas largely dictated a biological approach to Smith{\textquoteright}s fieldwork, one that involved the collection of photographic portraitures and human skeletal remains; however Smith{\textquoteright}s published monographs from his expeditions focus on an analysis of the material culture of the Interior Salish peoples.}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10341, title = {Nechako Plateau Culturally Modified Trees}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Approximately 200 culturally modified tree (CMT) sites have recently been recorded in the central interior of B.C. during archaeological impact assessments of forest industry operations. Together, these sites represent somewhere between 8,000 and 12,000 individual CMTs. The most common type of CMT is the pine cambium stripping scar, representing about 98\% of all the CMTs recorded. This is probably the most common type of CMT in the province. Spatial patterning in the distribution of these pine CMTs provides a regional scale picture of aboriginal land use over the period 1800-1950.}, author = {CARLSON, Arne K} } @Conference Paper {10370, title = {A New Eastern Plano site in Rimouski (DcEd-2)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In September 1992, limited fieldwork in the vicinity of the Eastern Plano site of Rimouski (DcEd-1), excavated during the summer of 1991, led to the discovery of a partially intact portion of a new site in a wooded lot. Located at the same altitude, ca 86 m above sea level and on a similar sandy landform, the site has revealed a diagnostic Plano point of the Sainte-Anne-des-Monts type. Following a general description of the site, the tools will be presented as well as the artifactual distribution. The cultural significance of this new site will also be discussed within local and regional frameworks.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Steve Bourget} } @Conference Paper {10371, title = {A New Eastern Plano site in Rimouski (DcEd-2)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Durant le mois de septembre 1992, une br{\'e}ve intervention arch{\'e}ologique, {\`a} proximit{\'e} du site Plano de Rimouski (DcEd-1) fouill{\'e} {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}t{\'e} 1991, a permis la mise au jour dans une section bois{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}un nouveau site partiellement intact. Ce site, situ{\'e} {\`a} une altitude de 86 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer et s{\textquoteright}{\'e}tendant sur une forme de relief sablonneuse semblable au premier site de Rimouski, a r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e} la pr{\'e}sence d{\textquoteright}une pointe apparent{\'e}e au type Sainte-Anne-des-Monts et caract{\'e}ristique de la culture Plano. Apr{\'e}s une br{\'e}ve description du site, nous d{\'e}crirons les outils et la distribution art{\'e}factuelle. {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur d{\textquoteright}un cadre local puis r{\'e}gional, nous examinerons finalement la signification culturelle de ce nouveau site.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Steve Bourget} } @Conference Paper {10380, title = {Northwest coast dietary patterns as indicated by stable carbon isotope ratios}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Carbon isotope abundance ratios of protein from marine and terrestrial sources reflect the difference between carbon in oceanic and atmospheric reservoirs. This difference propagates through food chains. Measurement of carbon isotopic ratios in human bone collagen thus yields information about the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial foods in the diet. Application of these measurements to northwest coast and British Columbia interior samples has given estimates of the extent to which marine resources and anadromous salmon were utilized by aboriginal peoples during the last 5000 years. Indications are that the approach may be utilized in similar situations elsewhere in the world.}, author = {Chisholm, B.} } @inbook {11007, title = {The NOGAP Archaeology Project: A Brief Introduction}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {1-5}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10442, title = {New Archaeological Approaches to the Study of Graeco-Roman Period Canals in the Fayum Region (Egypt)}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {During the Graeco-Roman period (ca. 300BC - AD400) an extensive system of canals provided irrigation water to the Fayum region of Egypt, greatly increasing its agricultural productivity. Despite the fact that traces of these important features are still preserved in the landscape, and despite the fact that numerous methodologies have been developed for the study of canal systems in other parts of the world, the Fayum irrigation system has only been examined archaeologically once previously (1927-1928). In fact, virtually everything that is known about these irrigation canals has been learned from ancient Greek documents preserved on papyrus. As a team member of the UCLA/RUG Fayum Project, I have been conducting survey and excavation along one portion of the canal system near the ancient site of Karanis (Kom Aushim) in the Fayum. This paper reports on preliminary results of the first field season and assesses the effectiveness and applicability of the geo-archaeological techniques employed.}, author = {R. James Cook} } @Conference Paper {10445, title = {Neolithic Quarrying on a Rainbow Island}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {On the small island of Lambay off the east coast of Ireland, a new stone axehead quarry site dating to the Neolithic period has been identified. This arose out of the broader research programme of the Irish Stone Axe Project. Axeheads of a medium-grained volcanic rock, porphyritic andesite (porphyry) are of local importance in the eastern part of Ireland. It had been previously suggested that Lambay was a possible source of these axes. Survey and on-going excavation has led to the recognition of a quarry site on the island. Radiocarbon dates and cultural material indicate a date in the mid-fourth millennium BC. While quarry production seems to have been relatively small-scale, the site has much wider significance for the interpretation of the role of stone axeheads in the Neolithic for a number of reasons. It is the first axe quarry site recognised in either Ireland or Britain for medium- or course-grained lithologies, with primary working by pecking and hammering. All the other known sites are for fine-grained lithologies, with primary working by flaking. In contrast to other stone axehead quarry sites all stages of production, including grinding and polishing were carried out on-site. When polished porphyry has a spectacular colour and this seems to have been a major factor in the choice of this lithology. Alongside the quarrying activity there were a series of deliberate, structured deposits placed in the ground. In these deposits there is a strong emphasis on different materials and different colours that seem to refer to the wider landscape of the island.}, author = {Cooney, Gabriel} } @Conference Paper {10448, title = {The Norton Site (AfHh-86): A Late Iroquoian Village in London, Ontario}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Norton site (AfHh-86) is a large village site loc-ated in a public park, overlooking the Thames River in London, Ontario. Portions of nine, closely spaced and regularly aligned longhouses were recorded in 1988 during excavations conducted by Archaeological Services Inc. within a 100 metre long utilities right-of-way which crossed the site. While artifactual finds were relatively few, they suggest that the site was occupied between A.D. 1450 and 1500. As the site had largely been unknown to researchers in the London area, the Norton site is of considerable importance for the reconstruction of the late prehistoric settlement sequence of southwestern Ontario.}, author = {Cooper, Martin S. and David A. Robertson} } @Conference Paper {10486, title = {A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON HISTORIC BEOTHUCK ANIMAL USAGE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {This paper presents another example of the importance of returning to the primary source when doing ethnohistoric research. Almost all our information regarding the historic Beothuck is derived from European records of Beothuck behaviour and material culture. The only surviving evidence of a Beothuck individual directly representing their own culture is the set of drawings by Shanawdithit, the last known Beothuck Indian. Examination of the original drawings, part of the Newfoundland Provincial Museum{\textquoteright}s permanent collection, revealed that some of the original details have been altered or are completely missing from the most well known versions illustrated in James P. Howley{\textquoteright}s 1915 classic, The Beothucks or Red Indians: The Aboriginal Inhabitants of Newfoundland. In fact it is apparent that the original drawings with their accompanying explanatory notes (as transcribed by W.E. Cormack from conversations with Shanawdithit) were not available to Howley. These differences in the drawings and notes are presented, with a focus on the new information and suggested interpretation regarding historic Beothuck animal usage.}, author = {Cridland, Jennifer} } @Conference Paper {10489, title = {Neoglacial Sea-Ice Expansion Pushed Fur Seals South and Inuit North: Evidence from Archaeozoological Analysis of a Site in the Eastern Aleutians}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Neoglacial was a period of cold climate that lasted from ca. 4700 to 2500 BP. We present evidence that the Neoglacial substantially altered the distribution of Bering Sea marine mammals, using faunal remains recovered from the Amaknak Bridge site on Unalaska Island (occupied ca. 3,500 - 2,500 RCYBP, uncorrected). Archaeozoological analysis indicates that spring pack ice reached a more southerly position during the Neoglacial than it does today and persisted much longer. We infer from this evidence that sea-ice must also have engulfed the Pribilof Islands until early summer and blocked the Bering Strait virtually year round, preventing fur seals from using the Pribilofs as a breeding rookery and whales from making summer migrations into the arctic, as they do today. We suggest Neoglacial sea-ice expansion in the Bering Sea pushed fur seals south along the Northwest Coast and explains the timing of Inuit arrival into the Western Arctic.}, author = {Susan J. Crockford and S. Gay Frederick} } @Conference Paper {10492, title = {Northwest Coast Wet Sites: Perishables Revealing Patterns of Resource Procurement, Storage, Management and Exchange}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {When approaching Northwest Coast archaeological data, Don Mitchell{\textquoteright}s work often reflects a keen interest in function. As a data base directly applicable to this interest, prehistoric wet (waterlogged) sites have revealed important information concerning the early technologies used in Northwest Coast wild food procurement, storage, management and exchange. Composite wood and fiber harpoons, arrows, atlatls, fishhooks, traps/weirs, pack-baskets, and digging sticks directly reveal past procurement strategies. Functional varieties of storage baskets and wooden boxes can reflect the significance of past food storage practices on the Northwest Coast. Social stratification ethnohistorically promoted management of both the procurement and storage of resources in a community, and prehistoric stratification may be evidenced by the types of textile hats worn by past property owners and managers{\textendash}nobility versus commoners. And exchange through trade can be proposed by the sensitive style of {\textquoteright}foreign{\textquoteright} basketry found in wet site contexts.}, author = {Dale R. Croes} } @article {9558, title = {Northwestern Ontario and the Early Contact Period: the Northern Ojibwa from 1615{\textendash}1715}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {143-180}, abstract = {

This paper presents an interpretation of the historical and archaeological records for northwestern Ontario using the territorial ethnicity approach to establish the population composition at the time of contact (A.D. 1615-1715). The population is estimated to have been 98.6\% Algonquian speakers of which 68.1\% were northern Ojibwa, 16\% were other cognate groups and 14.5 were Cree.

}, author = {Kenneth C.A. Dawson} } @article {9657, title = {The Nyman site. A seventeenth century Algonkian camp on the north shore of Lake Superior with Appendix A: Faunal analysis by James A. Burns}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {001-059}, author = {K.A.C.~Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10564, title = {The National Park Service and Maritime Archaeology in the United States}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The National Park Service is the primary federal agency responsible for the preservation and interpretation of America{\textquoteright}s cultural, natural, and scenic resources. While the NPS has been involved with underwater and maritime archaeological projects since the 1930{\textquoteright}s, a comprehensive maritime archaeological program has been in place only since 1980. T{\textquoteright}his paper discusses NPS work in the field since 1980, including work in and outside of National Parks. The NPS role in drafting guidelines for state management of historic shipwrecks as required by recent Federal legislation, a Nationwide inventory of historic maritime resources, and a new NPS policy urging international cooperation in shipwreck preservation and research will be emphasized.}, author = {Delgado, James P.} } @Conference Paper {10578, title = {The Nataawaau Bones: Cree Oral Tradition and Post-European Contact Archaeology in Subarctic Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {There is a vast potential for developing an archaeology that integrates indigenous traditions and perspectives as well as dangers and contradictions inherent in trying to bring together two fundamentally different ways of seeing the world and understanding the past. This paper will discuss both these aspects using examples from the Cree archaeology of the post European contact period in subarctic Qu{\'e}bec. Examples will be taken from recent research conducted within the Cree Heritage and the Land Program of the Cree Regional Authority. The program has emphasized both archaeology and the collection of Cree traditions (stories, legends, place names) relating to places within the Qu{\'e}bec Cree territories.}, author = {David Denton} } @Conference Paper {10598, title = {Nuts, Seeds, and Raw Materials, Macrofloral Analysis at the Ancient Qwu?gwes Wet Site, Southern Puget Sound, USA}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {We know the earliest people living on Mud Bay made full use of the abundant sea foods and land mammal resources available at this place. But we do not know to what extent they used the floral and herbaceous resources, or which plants those resources consisted of. By preserving and identifying floral remains and seeds from Qwu?gwes wet site we hope to determine the kinds of plant resources used and recreate the plant distribution and ecology along the banks of South Puget Sound 400, and more, years ago. To accomplish this we will be comparing specimens from herbariums and studying macrofloral samples recovered from six years of excavations. From the location of specimens in the site we also hope to test whether seeds, nuts and mosses found were deposited naturally or as a result of cultural use.}, author = {Diedrich, Melanie} } @Conference Paper {10610, title = {The Northwest Coast as a Study Area: Natural, Prehistoric and Ethnographic Issues}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The {\textquoteright}Northwest Coast{\textquoteright} is a frequent focus as an area of research, both as a background for more localized research topics and as an area of study. I briefly review the Northwest Coast as a natural area, and in culture historical terms. After considering the value of the idea of a {\textquoteright}Northwest Coast{\textquoteright} in these three contexts, I discuss several research problems which would help resolve some of the issues raised in my discussion.}, author = {DONALD, Leland} } @Conference Paper {10674, title = {Nettling: A Preliminary Overview of an Early Archaic "Kirk Comer-Notched Cluster" Site in Southwestern Ontario}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {This paper reports preliminary results of analysis of a large lithic assemblage from the Nettling site, located near the modem Lake Erie shore southwest of London, Ontario. Nettling is the first extensive Early Archaic site to be located in the Great Lakes region. Although largely a surface collection, there is little evidence of other occupations at the site. Moreover, the 800+ tools/preforms in the assemblage are quite homogeneous in terms of the stone sources represented and the tool forms recovered. Ohio cherts dominate the artifact assemblage with Pipe Creek chert from the northwestern part of that state predominating. The tools themselves are virtually identical to those of the Kirk cluster or horizon reported from the southeastern United States, including corner-notched serrated points, expanding base drills, large trianguloid bifacial blades or knives, small end scrapers with parallel-flaked dorsal surfaces, cobble chopper/scrapers, and chipped celts with ground bits. As such, the site should date to ca. 9500-8900 B.P. Implications of the Great Lakes area, continuity and change from earlier Paleo-Indian occupations, and the origin of ground stone tools will be discussed.}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and Stanley A. Wortner and William A. Fox} } @article {9578, title = {Nettling: an Overview of an Early Archaic "Kirk Corner-notched Cluster" Site in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {001-034}, abstract = {

A large Early Archaic lithic assemblage from the Nettling site in Ontario is described. Although largely a surface collection from a ploughed field, the assemblage is quite homogeneous in terms of the tool forms represented and the stone sources employed and there is little evidence of non-Early Archaic occupations at the site. The tool assemblage has a very high percentage of Ohio cherts and, as a whole, duplicates almost exactly materials of the \&$\#$39;Kirk Corner-Notched Horizon\&$\#$39; (ca. 9500 to 8900 B.P.) in the southeastern United States, including corner-notched serrated points, expanding based drills, small dorsally flaked end scrapers, chipped celts with ground bits, ovate chopper/scrapers, etc. Several implications of the Nettling site assemblage are discussed pertaining to our understanding of the culture history and environmental coping strategies of the Early Archaic occupants of the lower Great Lakes area.

}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and Stanley Wortner and William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10683, title = {New Land Ethic: Relationship to Archaeology / Une nouvelle {\'e}thique de la Terre : les rapports de cette {\'e}thique avec l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}o}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Pervading the world of environmental conservation at this time is promotion of a new land ethic. This is the ecocentric ethic, which rejects the western economic tenet that nature exists exclusively for our use and abuse and that economic growth is more important than environmental integrity. The ecocentric ethic places a higher value on the environment and its protection than it does on humanity, which is considered to be no more than part of that environment. Many environmentalists believe that general acceptance of the ecocentric ethic will lead to greatly improved human-environment relationships in the future, saving the environment, biodiversity, and humanity from extinction caused by our nature exploitation excesses. Recent studies show that indeed there is a new environment ethic developing in technological societies, but it is only a partial shift toward the ecocentric ethic, retaining a good measure of the old anthropocentrism. Concomitant with and related to the ethical shift is development of the landscape ecosystem approach in environmental or land management. Basic to this approach is the intent to maintain landscape integrity, thereby ensuring that ecosystem processes remain intact. Archaeological information is part of the landscape ecosystem, part of past anthroposystems within ecosystems. The landscape archaeology related to this more general environmental management approach incorporates both the academic or explanatory and resource management sides of archaeology. The academic side concentrates on how past humans related to their environments, including their own perceptions of this. Explanatory hypotheses may include the relationships of material cultural distributions to physical and biological landscapes, demographics, and finding punctuated material cultural change and stasis intervals in the archaeological record. The resource management side is beginning to focus less on salvage of information from developments perceived as inevitable, and more on being part of overall landscape planning and management to ensure retention of landscape integrity, thereby hopefully obviating the need for most salvage operations. This management approach includes input from relevant traditional and local peoples at the decision-making level.}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @Conference Paper {10693, title = {Neolithic Potters and Ceramic Technology}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The study of ceramic technology has become a common way to approach the economical, social and cultural aspects of pottery. However too often, the use of the term {\guillemotleft}technology{\guillemotright} is being limited to the study of techniques in their mechanical and functional dimensions. On the other hand, if technology is being refered to as the interaction of materials, tools and gestures, it permits to deal with all the decision making processes.which underlie the ceramic production. The technological study of two Neolithic ceramic assemblages from South-eastern Italy is thus aiming at a better understanding of the various modalities involved in making pots. By using the operational concept of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire, each stage of the ceramic production is being studied in order to identify the processes and decisions made by the potters to achieve a common goal.}, author = {Eygun, Guilmine} } @Conference Paper {10800, title = {Nematodes on archaeological sites in Canada: past, present, and future effects on soil development and archaeological site preservation}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Native earthworms were removed from glaciated areas of North America during the late Pleistocene. Re-colonization by Native species, following glaciation was excessively slow. The lack of earthworm fauna in many parts of the Canadian landscape has had a significant impact on soil development on archaeological sites. Moreover, the introduction of European exotics by a wide variety of unintentional means has a great impact on surface soil development. Soil defaunation and recolonization impacts are critical to understanding soil development over time, the environmental records available from past soil development, and the preservation of surface components on archaeological sites.}, author = {Andrea Freeman and Garry L. Running} } @Conference Paper {10815, title = {New Dates on the Nelson River Site: Implications for the Thule Migration}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Thule Inuit migration eastward from Alaska is one of the great events in the Arctic past, yet many aspects of this process, including its timing, remain unclear. In this paper, we present new dates for the earliest known Thule sites in the Amundsen Gulf / Beaufort Sea region: Nelson River and Washout. This region acted as a "bottleneck" through which Thule migrants would have to pass, and therefore accurate dates for these two early sites have important implications for our understanding of the timing, rate, and nature of the Inuit peopling of the Eastern Arctic.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10833, title = {Nisga{\textquoteright}a Social Organization as Reflected at the Kincolith Cemetery}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper presents some of the results of a recording and conservation project at a little known, historic cemetery located at the mouth of the Nass River, 100 km north of Prince Rupert, B.C. The cemetery was established in conjunction with the founding of Kincolith Mission in 1867 by the London-based Church Missionary Society. With the introduction of Christianity and the rituals of Christian burial, traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a interment practices were deemed unacceptable. The ideals of Victorian England and the deeply held Judeo/Christian concept of a bond between the body and soul, even after death, necessitated a sanctioned resting place for those who had {\textquoteright}died in the faith{\textquoteright}. Accordingly, the Kincolith Cemetery was established as {\textquoteright}God{\textquoteright}s half-acre{\textquoteright} for the community, and it has functioned as such up to the present day. The first portion of the paper examines both the spatial and temporal distributions of grave markers at the cemetery. In traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society, descent and kin recognition are centered around matrilineal clans organized into larger phratries. At Kincolith, the resident missionaries began converting, baptizing, and re-naming individuals according to the protocol of the Church Missionary Society. A Victorian, patrilineal system of descent and kin reckoning was imposed on the residents of the community. Assuming that individuals are buried beside those whom they consider to be their kin, the distribution of grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery provides an opportunity to gauge the effect of this reorganization on traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society. The second part of the paper explores the use of grave markers as surrogate mortuary poles which display customary rights to rank and privilege. Many of the grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery embody traditional, high ranking, clan crest names in their construction, thus demonstrating and validating rights of possession and inheritance.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10844, title = {The Nunavik Petroglyph Project: A Summary of the First Two Field Seasons /Le projet des p{\'e}troglyphes du Nunavik: un r{\'e}sum{\'e} des de}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, author = {GENDRON, Danielle} } @Conference Paper {10850, title = {Native North Americans and Archaeology: Struggling for Middle Ground}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The relationship between archaeologists and First Nations groups in Canada is an increasing concern and an important issue is whether this relationship can be called a "partnership" in which both benefit. This is a topic discussed in detail by both archaeologists and First Nations, but not from the perspective that I wish to address it. Being a Native North American archaeologist gives me a unique perspective. In the past two years I have worked with several First Nations groups in various archaeological contexts and would like to share aspects of these projects, including what I learned from these experiences. Furthermore, I have an interest in what archaeological encounters other First Nations people have had, and will include a preliminary look at these experiences.}, author = {George, Brandy E.} } @Conference Paper {10890, title = {Nadlok and the Origins of the Copper and Caribou Inuit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Copper usage, heavy caribou and fish subsistence, extensive inland knowledge and mythology suggested inland origins for Copper and Caribou Inuit to Jenness and Birket-Smith. This was widely accepted until the mid-20th century when archaeologists suggested Thule coastal origins instead. The archaeological site of Nadlok in extreme southeast Copper Inuit territory is on the traditional Bathurst Inlet trade route to the Caribou Inuit. The Barrenland distribution of copper tools, winter houses, radiocarbon-dated floors, and trees are used to determine whether Nadlok was simply a trade center or whether it and related sites were formative to both Inuit groups.}, author = {Gordon, Bryan C.} } @Conference Paper {10913, title = {A New Angle on Northwest Coast Fish Trap Technologies: GIS Total Station Mapping of Intertidal Wood-Stake Features at Comox Harbour, B.C.}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {GIS total station mapping of wood-stake fish trap features at Comox Harbour suggests an intensive fishery (1230-120 BP) using mass harvesting technologies. Features appear to be unique for the Northwest Coast. This paper will explore the technology design types, their size, temporal relationships and extensive distribution on the tidal flats to harvest a variety of fish species.}, author = {Greene, Nancy A.} } @Conference Paper {10921, title = {A new approach for isolating organic residues in prehistoric pottery, and implications for the study of agricultural and herding practices originating}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper presents molecular and isotopic evidence of subsistence practices from 8 early agricultural villages and herding encampments in the Middle East. Absorbed organic residues were extracted from archaeological pottery fragments through use of a microwave-assisted liquid chromatography protocol initially developed for the isolation and concentration of free fatty acids in marine sediments. Isotopic analyses of C 16:0 and C 18:0 fatty acids surviving in these fragments has revealed ∂13C ratios consistent with those of modern fats of wild boar and domesticated sheep and goats pastured in the southern Levant and central Anatolia.}, author = {Michael W. Gregg} } @Conference Paper {10922, title = {Non-Disturbance Archaeology is OK, Too}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Most archaeological activity in Ontario is performed by amateurs employing non-disturbance techniques. They are recording valuable data without excavating (destroying) sites. However, their work is equally important for it is they who are documenting the resource and preserving it, in situ, for future generations. The professional marine archaeological community in Ontario (indeed across Canada) is small and they could never hope to interpret the many thousands of marine sites without the assistance of the sport diving community working through avocational or marine heritage conservation organizations. This paper will relate the efforts of amateurs with Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS) in protecting and documenting marine sites (without the need for conservation) so that professionals may interpret sea-faring activities in past centuries.}, author = {Gregory, Fred} } @article {9615, title = {New Solitudes: Conflicting World Views in the Context of Contemporary Northern Resource Development}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {003-018}, abstract = {

Human skeletal remains were encountered during construction of the High Falls hydro dam in northern Ontario. Salvage excavations were conducted under the authority of the Ontario Cemeteries Act with supervision by Native Elders. These Elders provided information about traditional Ojibwe spirituality, and the ongoing relationship between the living and the dead involving sacred waterfalls as one means of supernatural communication. This information greatly enriched the archaeological interpretation, but also highlighted profound cultural differences between Native people and non-Native land managers and resource developers. These differences threaten resolution of an acrimonious political and legal dispute, and identify weaknesses in current environmental assessment procedures.

}, author = {Scott Hamilton and Ron Morrisseau and Chief Theron McCrady} } @article {9628, title = {New Radiocarbon Dates for the Fidler Mounds (EaLf{\textendash}3) Site, Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {77-95}, abstract = {

Initially radiocarbon-dated (uncalibrated) at 380\ \±\ 80 years old using charcoal recovered from the floor of the central burial pit, the Fidler Mounds burial site was once thought to predate the arrival of the first Europeans by only a small margin. Burial materials indicated a longer time period but had been analysed as a single cluster of artifacts related to various burial complexes (e.g.,\ Arvilla, Devils Lake-Sourisford). This paper reports on the results of eight new AMS dates on bone collagen from burials. The calibrated AMS dates range from 1550 to 500 years before present\—substantially older than the original radiocarbon date. The new AMS dates provide the first direct evidence for the long-term use of the Fidler Mounds burial site. Given that the dates span a minimum of two phases, this evidence necessitates the re-assessment of previous work at this site and its relationship to mound utilization. These results show that detailed dating and re-analyses of older materials can provide important and exciting new insights.

}, author = {Barbara R. Hewitt and E. Leigh Syms and Robert D. Hoppa} } @article {9652, title = {Notes on Ossuary Burial among the Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {091-104}, abstract = {

Radiocarbon dates for three early Iroquoian ossuary pits at the Serpent Mounds site indicate that Pickering peoples had a developed ossuary tradition by the A.D. 1000-1300 period. An informal review of the evidence for burial systems in the Terminal Woodland of southern Ontario suggests that the elaborate late Huron mortuary practices were the final expression of a long tradition that may be traced back about a thousand years to the early beginnings of agricultural village life in Ontario.

}, author = {Richard B. Johnston} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11045, title = {Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {355-358}, editor = {Mima Kapches} } @inbook {11010, title = {New Data Relating to the Prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the NOGAP Study Area}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {65-76}, abstract = {This paper deals with the results of archaeological investigations which have shed new light on the prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the Northwest Territories. In particular, test excavations were conducted at several sites, among them a microblade and burin site (NkTj-1) situated on a late Pleistocene palaeo-channel on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, and two Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) sites located in a dense cluster of 34 sites on the Old Horton River Channel on the Cape Bathurst Peninsula. The assemblage from NkTj-1 is thought to represent a Northwest Microblade tradition component, although there may be evidence of potentially earlier material. Of the two ASTt sites, one (ObRv-1) is clearly related to a distinctive, late ASTt variant found at the Lagoon site (OjRl-3) on Banks Island. The other ASTt site (ObRw-11) has materials which suggest an early Palaeo-Eskimo, Independence I-like occupation. Finally, the location of many of the sites on the Old Horton River Channel is situated in a region where a glassy and vesicular fused rock is being produced by spontaneous combustion of organic-rich mudstones. This material was being exploited for tool production by Palaeo-Eskimo, and possibly other cultures in the region.}, author = {Raymond J. Le Blanc}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9241, title = {Northern Ethnographic Landscapes: Perspectives for Circumpolar Nations}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {121-123}, editor = {Craig M. Lee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9051, title = {New Perspectives in Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {188-190}, editor = {Donald MacLeod} } @article {9704, title = {Northern Tsimshian Elderberry Use in the Late Pre-contact to Post-contact Era}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {254-280}, abstract = {

The use of plant resources in two Northern Tsimshian habitation sites-Ginakangeek (GbTh-2) and Psacelay (GbTh-4)-can be mapped from recovered floral seed remains of three berries, most notably red elderberries (Sambucus racemosa). Seed remains recovered from occupational surfaces and midden deposits represent both the spatial distribution of plant-related activities and the relative frequency of plant use through the contact era, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. We argue that these data demonstrate a correspondence between the spatial and social organization of Northern Tsimshian households and present evidence of the changing role of subsistence economics of the extended family network through contact with Europeans and the rise of a market economy.

}, author = {Andrew Martindale and Irena Jurakic} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9277, title = {The Norse Discovery of America}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {246-248}, editor = {Robert McGhee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9298, title = {Neolithic}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {147-149}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {9746, title = {A Note on Thule Culture Dogs from Coronation Gulf, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {149-157}, abstract = {

Dog mandibles from a Thule culture site in the central Canadian Arctic are compared with those from modern arctic sled dogs and local wolves. Results indicate the Thule culture dogs to have been relatively small and unwolf-like, and to show a high frequency of congenital first premolar absence. It is suggested that small, highly-bred dogs may have been a cultural response to difficult subsistence conditions.

}, author = {David Morrison} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9252, title = {Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {217-220}, editor = {Gerald A. Oetelaar} } @article {9770, title = {The New Ecology and Landscape Archaeology: Incorporating the Anthropogenic Factor in Models of Settlement Systems in the Canadian Prairie Ecozone}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {65-92}, abstract = {

In archaeology, models of hunter-gatherer settlement systems derive from concepts developed in ecology. More specifically, mobility strategies, or the nature of seasonal movements across a landscape, are viewed as being closely related to the resource structure of the environment. However, recent advances in ecology acknowledge the importance of history, disturbance, and contingency in the interpretation of biotic communities. Furthermore, humans are often identified as integral components of the ecosystem and important agents of disturbance, especially in the field of historical ecology. Unfortunately, research in historical ecology has concentrated on the impact of agricultural practices, leaving one with the impression that human groups were not important agents of disturbance before the domestication of plants and animals. The goal of this presentation is to argue that even the activities of hunter-gatherers are relevant when interpreting the development of biotic communities across the world.

}, author = {Gerald A. Oetelaar and D. Joy Oetelaar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {8999, title = {The North Coast Prehistory Project Excavations in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia: The Artifacts}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {338-341}, editor = {A. Katherine Patton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9352, title = {Nunguvik et Saatut. Sites pal{\'e}oeskimaux de Navy Board Inlet, {\^\i}le de Baffin}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {190-191}, editor = {Claude Pinard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9129, title = {Nottingham House: The Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company in Athabasca 1802{\textendash}1806 (Karklins); Nottingham House, Lake Athabasca 1802{\textendash}1806}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {223-224}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @article {9809, title = {Nineteenth Century Clay Tobacco Pipes from the High Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {123-137}, abstract = {

Analysis of clay tobacco-pipe assemblages was undertaken for seven 19th-century sites in the High Arctic. The naval affiliation of two of the sites is suggested by the presence on them of pipes made by T. Pascall of Dartford, near the location of the Royal Navy victualling establishment. The distributional evidence of pipe-fragment frequency and bowl-stem ratio for one of these two sites suggests one area of intense pipe usage by a relatively immobile smoking population.

}, author = {C.F. Richie} } @article {9810, title = {Non-Cetacean Vertebrate Remains from Two Thule Winter Houses on Somerset Island, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {099-117}, abstract = {

A study was made of non-cetacean faunal remains from two Somerset Island Thule winter houses (circa A.D. 1000 \– 1200). About 4300 identifiable bones were recovered from House l at PeJr-1 on Creswell Bay and House 6 at PcJq-5 on Cape Garry. At these sites a variety of mammals and birds were present but only a single fish bone was found. Non-cetacean food procurement centred on the ringed seal; Arctic fox remains rank second in abundance at both houses. There are only minor differences between the archaeological faunas at the two sites. Although it is difficult to evaluate cetacean and non-cetacean food contribution at Thule settlements, dietary reliance on ringed seal, supplemented by other non-whale vertebrate species, may prove to be the basic pattern for Thule sites.

}, author = {Anne Meachem Rick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9370, title = {Northern Ontario Fur Trade Archaeology; Recent Research}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {182-184}, editor = {E.S. Rogers} } @article {9823, title = {Neither Seen Nor Heard: Looking for Children in Northwest Coast Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {64-88}, abstract = {

Children were a significant part of all past populations, yet they are often overlooked in archaeological inquiry. The reasons for this absence involve both conceptual and practical obstacles: the transposition of present-day, Euro-American understandings of the child as dependent and incapable, and the difficulty of identifying clear archaeological signatures associated with children\—particularly in prehistoric contexts. In this paper, I focus on the archaeology of the Northwest Coast region, finding only limited ethnographic accounts of children, and virtually no mention of them in the archaeological literature. After discussing the factors that contribute to the invisibility of children in archaeological interpretation in general, I argue that there is no justification for assuming children in the ancient Northwest Coast were non-productive. I present archaeological and ethnoarchaeological research\—from the Northwest Coast and other regions\—that may point the way for future analyses of child life in the ancient Northwest Coast. In particular, foraging models and faunal analysis can be used to reflect the distinctive subsistence strategies of children.

}, author = {April Ruttle} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9388, title = {Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {187-188}, editor = {David Sanger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {14047, title = {Nubia: Lost Civilizations}, volume = {48}, year = {2024}, pages = {165-167}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/48.1.165}, editor = {Aleksandra E. Ksiezak} } @article {9842, title = {Nouvelles donn{\'e}es sur l{\textquoteright}utilisation pr{\'e}historique de la corn{\'e}enne par les Am{\'e}rindiens du Qu{\'e}bec m{\'e}ridional}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {289-310}, abstract = {

Hornfels is a lithic material frequently discovered on prehistoric sites in southern Quebec. It is commonly associated with Terminal Archaic (or \“post-laurentian\” Archaic [4500\–3000 B.P.]) occupations, but this study demonstrates that such an association can be misleading. The results of the physical and chemical analyses presented here also indicate that Mont Royal, a small hill located in the city of Montreal, is the most probable source of hornfels used in prehistoric times. Outcrops of hornfels exist on some other Monteregian Hills, but to this day there are no archaeological indications that they were exploited by aboriginal groups.

}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Adrian L. Burke and Gilles Gauthier and Greg Kennedy} } @article {9869, title = {A Nice Place to Visit, but {\textellipsis} Prehistoric Human Extinction on the Island of Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {069-080}, abstract = {Periodic extinctions of human populations which are well documented in the archaeological record are examined in the light of the number and nature of faunal resources available to prehistoric peoples on the Island of Newfoundland. The principal prey species, both marine and terrestrial, are both limited in number and because of their migratory habits only seasonally available. During {\textquotedblleft}normal{\textquotedblright} times species become available at times during the year which allow human groups to take advantage of their presence and populations to flourish. Even short term interruptions of normal availability of a single species, however, can cause extreme stress upon human populations. The lack of {\textquotedblleft}fall-back{\textquotedblright} resources within this simple ecosystem may ultimately have also contributed to the observed extinctions of human groups.}, author = {James A. Tuck and Ralph T. Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13802, title = {New Approaches to the Archaeology of Beekeeping}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {93-95}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.1.93}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @article {9642, title = {The Nodwell site: A mid-14th century Iroquois village}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {001-011}, author = {James V. Wright} }