@Conference Paper {9943, title = {Implications for Museums}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The new form of Indian-run cultural recovery programmes commonly anticipates the creation of Band museums on the home reserve. So long as these are properly constituted on sound museological principles the major {\textquoteright}professional{\textquoteright} museums - and university departments which maintain permanent collections - can hardly object. Indeed, these developments conform with recent trends for the larger central institutions to cease competing for collections but rather to encourage and assist local museums specializing in the story of their own communities. Mutual cooperation between large and small museums is a definite advantage to the research interests of the former as archaeologists, for example, have always insisted that full and accurate information is infinitely more valuable than mere objects. In this field major research museums may more and more emphasize their functions as resource and data centres at some expense to their traditional roles centred about collections of {\textquoteright}significant objects{\textquoteright}.}, author = {Don Abbott} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {14049, title = {Indigenous Archaeology in the Philippines: Decolonizing Ifugao History}, volume = {48}, year = {2024}, pages = {177-179}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/48.1.177}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @Conference Paper {9971, title = {In Search of Commodore Walker}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In 1763, shortly following the last events of the Acadian Expulsion in Nova Scotia, former British privateer Commodore George Walker settled on the tip of Alston Point, Nepisiguit Harbour, in Baie des Chaleurs near modern Bathurst, New Brunswick. From all accounts, Walker carried on a thriving fishing, trading and shipbuilding station at Alston Point until the place was destroyed in 1777. Currently, beach erosion, recreational and other human activities have buried, altered or destroyed much of the Points heritage potential. In 2003, the Province of New Brunswick, the City of Bathurst, and the University of Maine, sponsored a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey and archaeological testing project to verify the Walker connection. In one area, GPR identified an unusually compact buried soil horizon that proved to be cultural. Testing in 2005 identified two cultural levels one of which had mid 18th century ceramics associated with bone food refuse. Combined, the geophysical and archaeological test results appear to have located an undisturbed portion of George Walker{\textquoteright}s 18th century establishment.}, author = {Patricia Allen and Alice R. Kelley and Frances L. Stewart and Dominique B{\'e}rub{\'e}} } @Conference Paper {9997, title = {Independence II and Early Dorset in North- and Northeast Greenland}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper will present some data on the occurrence of Late Pre-Dorset/Early Dorset in North and Northeast Greenland as elucidated by fieldwork during recent years. It has been one of several questions whether the data reveal one or several migrations and/or cultural meetings between a Late Pre-Dorset group and an Early Dorset group. The material does not yet answer such questions, although there may be some indications that two or more groups are responsible for the roughly contemporaneous material found in this High Arctic area. The paper will present spatial data on this period (the Independence II period) and discuss some of the traits which indicate the presence of different traditions.}, author = {Andreasen, Claus} } @Conference Paper {9999, title = {Ida (Down the Middle): Dogrib Traditional Knowledge and Heritage Resources Inventories}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent archaeological research conducted by the Prince of Wales Northem Heritage Centre has concentrated largely on completing heritage resource inventories of various regions of the Northwest Territories for which the archaeological record is poorly understood. Collaborative research with local communities has proven to be an effective way for eliciting information pertinent to past use of these landscapes. This paper discusses initial results of a three year inventory project conducted in collaboration with the communities of Rae Lakes and Rae, which used Dogrib traditions (oral narrative, subsistence strategies and place names) relating to a canoe and dog sled trail as a basis for determining field reconnaissance strategies.}, author = {ANDREWS, Tom} } @Conference Paper {10024, title = {Images et contextes, quelques r{\'e}flexions {\`a} propos du site Nisula (DeEh-1)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Le site Nisula (DeEh-1), le premier site de peintures rupestres {\`a} avoir {\'e}t{\'e} d{\'e}couvert {\`a} l{\textquoteright}est du Qu{\'e}bec, a fait l{\textquoteright}objet d{\textquoteright}analyses pr{\'e}liminaires en septembre 1992. Quelques dizaines de pictogrammes y ont {\'e}t{\'e} relev{\'e}s, dont une quinzaine {\`a} caract{\'e}re figuratif (motifs anthropomorphes et zoomorphes). Malgr{\'e} le fait qu{\textquoteright}il est actuellement impossible d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablir l{\textquoteright}anciennet{\'e} de ce site, une {\'e}tude comparative de quelques-uns de ces motifs figuratifs permet de reconna{\^\i}tre des caract{\'e}ristiques formelles similaires {\`a} celles de certains sites pr{\'e}historiques du Bouclier canadien. Peut-on alors consid{\'e}rer qu{\textquoteright}un ou plusieurs groupes culturels autochtones aient pu utiliser des symboles visuels sp{\'e}cifiques pour diffuser certains concepts id{\'e}ologiques fondamentaux {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur d{\textquoteright}un vaste territoire? Et {\`a} qui {\'e}tait adress{\'e} le message iconographique? En prenant le cas particulier du site Nisula, l{\textquoteright}auteur tente d{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuer dans quelle mesure il est possible de r{\'e}aliser une {\'e}tude du contexte d{\textquoteright}exposition des pictogrammes.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10035, title = {The Initial Study of the Kodlunarn Island Artifacts and their Potential for Future Research}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The first voyage of Martin Frobisher to the Eastern Arctic (1576) aimed at the discovery of the Northwest Passage but as it was customary the expedition brought back minerals to show that a new land had been discovered. Following the assaying of the ore the expedition had taken, one assayer was convinced it contained gold and silver. The lure of a gain was so strong that two other voyages were undertaken in 1577-1578 in order to mine supposedly precious -metal bearing ores. As the Frobisher expeditions left traces on Kodlunarn Island an archaeological research programme was planned in order to, investigate the technology used to extract the minerals, their assaying, and the logistics of provisioning an Arctic expedition in Elizabethan time. In addition to the above aims, another component of our programme studies the impact of the Frobisher voyages on the southeastern Baffin Inuit. This paper discusses the research which has taken place at the Frobisher base camp since 1990 and presents the result of the analysis carried out on the recovered material. The excavation, albeit very limited, shows that the Kodlunarri Island site provides a unique time capsule which has potential for documenting that aspect of the Elizabethan voyages of exploration which is left out from the official accounts.}, author = {R. Auger} } @article {11812, title = {On the {\textquotedblleft}Instrumentalisation{\textquotedblright} of Archaeology as a Tool of Colonialism}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {165-171}, author = {R{\'e}ginald Auger} } @Conference Paper {10062, title = {An Illustration of Prehistoric Site Potential Mapping in Regional Studies}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper presents a case study to illustrate the practical application of a method for prehistoric site potential mapping in regional studies described by the authors in 1991. The study area is located in the Canadian Shield of north central Ontario. The method described emphasizes a contextual approach incorporating both ecological and cultural data for assessing archaeological potential. Cultural data (ethnographic, ethnohistorical, archaeological) are reviewed to derive general settlement and land-use models. Enviromnental attributes associated with the settlement and land-use patterns are selected and mapped at a scale of 1:50,000 using a GIS. Specific examples of the mapped attributes will be reviewed. The individual mapped attributes are then overlaid to identify the range of environmental situations. The resulting patterns are analyzed to provide a ranking of areas of archaeological potential.}, author = {Balmer, Ann and John Peters} } @Conference Paper {10083, title = {Investigating health and mortality in the Hamilton Cemetery: The impact of progressive inclusion}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The issue of burial representativeness is central to any attempt to reconstruct patterns of life and death in the past. Building on the work of Cannon (1995), we examine the impact of progressive inclusion on efforts to study the impact of industrialization and urbanization through the demographic distribution of mortality. To address this issue, we used a sample of 400 gravestones yielding a total of 881 individuals in the Hamilton Cemetery in Hamilton, Ontario. The data were sorted according to birth cohorts and analyzed by age and sex.}, author = {Heather Battles and Sarah Buchanen-Berrigan and Stacey Hallman and Martyna Janjua} } @Conference Paper {10120, title = {Identifying Anthropogenic Deposits in Alluvial Settings}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Environmental processes that shaped the landscape throughout antiquity and continue to do so today also affected the archaeological record. This is particularly apparent in alluvial settings. Excavations at the Scowlitz Wet Site (DhRl-16W) in the Fraser Valley illustrate that not all culture-bearing deposits represent in situ materials buried by accumulated sediments. A review of previous investigations at the Sunken Village site (35MU4) in the lower Columbia River region suggests that lack of attention to hydrological processes led to misinterpretation of cut-bank exposures and auger-test results. Addressing cultural questions with data from dynamic environments requires a research strategy that gives primacy to geoarchaeological reconstruction and determination of the stable landforms at the time of occupation.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10157, title = {Introduction to "Nurturing Archaeology in the Maritimes" and the Career of Chris Turnbull}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {When Dr. Christopher Turnbull began his tenure as Provincial Archaeologist for New Brunswick in 1972, there was little in the way of archaeological policy, legislation, infrastructure, or research in the province. He personally assumed a mandate to build the best archaeological program in the country, and for the next 30 years, he pursued this goal with imagination, dedication and passion. He developed systematic, strong relationships with First Nations communities and individuals. He nurtured archaeological researchers, both within government, and within Canadian Universities. He created a structure and organization for the effective administration of heritage resource management. All this he accomplished with little acclaim or recognition. In this session we will review these accomplishments, and reflect on the significant impact that Chris Turnbull has had on Canadian archaeology.}, author = {Susan Blair and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10156, title = {Inside the Jemseg Crossing Project}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Oral traditions and widely disseminated anecdotes often develop around large, complex excavation projects. In some cases, however, important stories are less widely circulated. In this paper, we will present an insider{\textquoteright}s view of some of the key events of the Jemseg Crossing Archaeology Project. This project was both contentious and innovative. It involved unprecedented levels of cooperation between the Province of New Brunswick, and Wolastoqiyik individuals and communities, and has been the largest mitigation project in Atlantic Canada to date. A key to the many successes of this project was the diplomacy, support and vision of Dr. Chris Turnbull.}, author = {Susan Blair and Christopher R. Blair} } @Conference Paper {10169, title = {Intra and Inter-Assemblage Comparisons of Faunal Data Using Graphic and Moment Statistics}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {All unbiased faunal assemblages can be shown to be lognormally distributed. This phenomenon is not unique to faunal remains, and it can be shown that this type of distribution is a common property of many other elements including artifacts and sediments. In fact, geologists have recognized for sometime that most sedimentary deposits show a lognormal distribution, but that each distribution can show minor variations. For example, modality, mean grain sizes, etc. can vary from sample to sample. Several parameters can be identified as characterizing individual sediment assemblages and quantitative descriptive measures have been developed to summarize these parameters. These measures include: median, mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis. The measures can be obtained through conventional moment statistical calculations or by graphic plotting methods. Both of these approaches have proven to be very useful in geologic studies and now occupy routine positions in geologic research. By analogy, the same parameters exist for faunal assemblages and, therefore, the same descriptors can be used to compare various faunal samples. This study illustrates the importance of using the above measures with historic faunal data from north-central Alberta.}, author = {Peter T. Bobrowsky} } @Conference Paper {10183, title = {I Know Exactly Where I am: Using GPS in Archaeology}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In February and March of 1992, a global positioning system device (GPS) was evaluated for use by arch-aeologists in the heavy bush of northern Ontario. Archacological site locations were visited in and around the City of Thunder Bay. Locational readings were taken using the GPS device and these readings were compared with existing site records. The GPS was evaluated in a variety of terrain and vegetation settings for accuracy of the locational readings, ease of use and (important for archaeologists) durability.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @article {9501, title = {Integrating Faunal Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {109-133}, abstract = {

One of the most important sources of information for reconstructing man\&$\#$39;s adaptive response to prehistoric environments is the faunal remains found in archaeological sites. This paper develops the view that faunal remains are not randomly distributed in archaeological sites; they may reflect patterned human behavior and may covary with other classes of archaeological data. A computer based data banking system is presented which may be used as a rapid organizational tool for isolating patterns in large and small quantities of faunal data. The interpretation of variance calls for the use of an interdisciplinary approach which entails a high degree of interaction between specialists throughout the project during the planning stages and during the interpretation of analytical results. Case example analyses of data from the Passamaquoddy Bay Archaeological Research Project, New Brunswick, are presented. The study is concluded with the suggestion that the acceptance of data banking methods and standardized systematics may provide the key for shifting the focus of faunal analysis research. These methods may permit analysts to change their focus from site specific studies to the consideration of cross-culture comparative questions regarding man\&$\#$39;s utilization of the faunal resource.

}, author = {Robson Bonnichsen and David Sanger} } @Conference Paper {10214, title = {Internship Experience in Archaeological Collections Management: Improving the Status of McMaster{\textquoteright}s Research Collections}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In September of 2007 the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University initiated the {\textquoteright}Collections Management Plan{\textquoteright}. After decades in storage the materials recovered by archaeological field research conducted in 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1970{\textquoteright}s have been re-excavated from their cardboard matrix. The necessity for this came from a need for more storage space for existing materials, but most importantly it came from a recognized responsibility to maintain the collections and their potential for furthering research into Ontario{\textquoteright}s archaeological history. The objective is to develop and maintain a comprehensive database of excavated sites which will enable us to provide researchers with access to materials and information pertaining to the collections. It has also provided an opportunity to engage current undergraduate students with the changing practices of Canadian Archaeology. We hope that this research will reach the broader archaeological community and present opportunities for learning more about the history of this extensive collection.}, author = {Eliza Brandy and Matthew J. Seguin and Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10219, title = {INAA and Obsidian Hydration Dating of Mayan Bladelets from Cahal Pech, Belize, C.A.}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Obsidian bladelet fragments were collected in the 1988 field season with Trent University at the Mayan site of Cabal Pech which is a ceremonial and administrative centre occupied in the Late Preclassic and Late Classic periods. Trace element analysis of these samples resulted in provenience information relating to known obsidian sources for the Central American region, and a relative chronological placement of architectural phases at the site by means of hydration rim dating. The C-14 dating of lirnestone plaster samples from the site was also attempted but with limited success. These resulting dates were far too early to be possible due to the dilution effect of geological carbonates, however the dates were appropriate for a relative chronology and in agreement with the obsidian hydration dates.}, author = {Brett, Jeremy} } @Conference Paper {10222, title = {The Inuit in Southern Labrador: A View from Snack Cove}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For many years the nature of Inuit occupations in southern Labrador during the Contact Period has been debated. European Written accounts from this time period suggest a sustained Inuit presence in southern Labrador, yet archaeological evidence of this remains elusive. This paper will focus on a 17th century Labrador Inuit fall/winter dwelling from Snack Cove 3 in order to address the nature of Inuit occupations in southern Labrador during the early Contact Period.}, author = {Brewster, Natalie} } @Conference Paper {10244, title = {Insights into the Harvest of Fish Resources in the Northern Boreal Forest of Manitoba}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper presents archaeological research conducted on the harvest of fish resources in the northern boreal forest of Manitoba. This study focuses on eleven fish spears and harpoons that were among forty-five bone and antler tools recovered from a 4000 year old human burial (GkLr-61 feature 2). Bone and antler tools have only been given a cursory examination in boreal forest archaeology due to the perishable nature of these materials. The importance of fish in the diets of northern groups was established through archival documents, ethnologies, interviews, and stable isotope analyses. The results were established further with archaeological analyses including experimental archaeology and wear pattern analyses. This research represents the first intensive study of bone and antler tools from this region of Manitoba using these methods. The outcome of this study suggests that fish were a primary dietary resource among boreal forest groups in northern Manitoba 4000 years ago.}, author = {Kevin Brownlee} } @Conference Paper {10274, title = {An initial survey of suitable sites for fishing properties on Scatary Island (Nova Scotia)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In August 1998, an archaeological survey was conducted on Scatary Island, southeast of Cape Breton, to locate twelve fishing properties established subsequent to land grants in 1718. The properties led to permanent settlement on the island. Two years before the exploration, archival research had been conducted in Canada and France. The examination of sectors that had previously been evaluated through aerial photography made it possible to produce a computerized map, with the assistance of Professor Gerard Mackinnon of the GIS/GPS Centre at the University College of Cape Breton. Sites that were located were positioned the first week of observation. Potential sectors were photographed in detail so that the evaluation of the landscape could continue off the field and future work could be planned. During this brief exploration, it was possible to locate the 18th-century properties and other sites that have been occupied since the mid-19th century.}, author = {Burke, Charles and Jean-Pierre Chrestien} } @Conference Paper {10295, title = {Insights from End Scrapers: A Case Study from the Anderson Site on the Lower Grand River of Southern Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Anderson Site (AfGx-54) was an early Uren Substage village site, dating to late in the 12th century A.D., salvage excavated in 1991 near the Town of Cayuga in southern Ontario. Certainly the most notable aspect of the recovered assemblage is the remnants of the chipped lithic industry, the analysis of which is ongoing. In this presentation, I will be examining a specific form of end scraper recovered during the investigations referred to informally in the literature as Glen Meyer Stemmed Snubnose. To date, there have been no relatively large assemblages analysed in detail since the original type was proposed over 30 years ago. Here I will provide a brief overview of the end scrapers recovered from the Anderson site that conform to this type. Particular attention will be devoted to examples that appear to be particularly well-made so as to draw attention to the reduction sequence. In particular, I will focus on the sequence of decisions used in manufacturing this style of end scraper as well as differences in the type of flakes removed compared to the knapping style observable in biface production. Finally, an example of the product of a juvenile or inexperienced knapper will be considered in order to generate some insights into how knapping had been learned in a prehistoric context.}, author = {Bursey, Jeff} } @Conference Paper {10296, title = {An Interpretation of Population Dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands as Evidenced by Research at the Mullett Site in Southwestern Manitoba}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {This paper presents results of recent excavations at the Mullett site in southwestern Manitoba within the framework of how data accumulated contributes to understanding population dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands ecological zone. The site demonstrates occupations dating from early Archaic to late historic times, but the focus here is on Besant through Late Woodland occupations. The paper discusses the ecology of the region and speculates on how ceramic and lithic material provide clues on population dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands interface region.}, author = {Burton, Gaye and Teresa Hill} } @Conference Paper {10305, title = {Implications of the {\textquoteright}Sicco{\textquoteright} Harpoon Head Type in Thule Culture}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A recent examination of archaeological specimens excavated from the Thule Eskimo site at Naujan, Repulse Bay revealed the presence of several harpoon heads of the Sicco Open Socket type, a form not chosen by Mathiassen for illustration in his {\textquoteright}Archaeology of the Central Eskimos.{\textquoteright} Recently acquired data pertaining to the distribution of this artifact type suggests that it was an integral part of at least one variant of the initial Thule expression in the Canadian Arctic. Following a discussion on the validity of typological analysis, a consideration of the variation expressed in this harpoon head type serves to pose several questions regarding the nature of the cultural base which figured in the early development of the Thule culture.}, author = {Arnold C.D.} } @Conference Paper {10306, title = {INUIT WOMEN AS A CATALY T FOR CHANGE: A REPORT ON THE EXCAVATION OF THE NAIN MIDDEN (1780-1890)}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A feminist agenda in archaeology recognizes the significance of gender as a universal principle of social organization. The pronounced division of labour along gender lines is well recognized in Inuit ethnography as well as in arctic archaeology (McGhee 1981). Archaeological excavation of a deep stratified midden at Nain affords an opportunity to consider the role of Inuit women in the nineteenth century.}, author = {Cabak, Melanie} } @Conference Paper {10321, title = {Identification of Swan River Chert}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A common lithic mterial found in archaeological deposits of west-central Manitoba is Swan River chert. The distribution of this variegated chert extends across Saskatchewan as far West as east-central Alberta. No bedrock outcrop is known as yet, but considerable quantities of this material are present as cobbles in the glacial tills of the region. The great variation in the colour and texture of Swan River chert is discontinuous, so that about 20 to 35 distinct varieties can be macroscopically discerned. Several questions arise at this juncture. Do the 25 or so varieties represent different cherts with perhaps differences in flaking characteristics? If all varieties consist of only one chert type, a standardized description must be provided so that Swan River chert found within the region, more distantly, or in trading contexts can be readily identified. A standardized description would facilitate the determination of the full extent of its use through time and space. Preliminary analysis of some 30 thin sections of Swan River chert indicates no congruence between macroscopic and microscopic appearance. Aside from minor variations, all but two of the Swan River chert varieties exhibited the same three crystal habits: (1) medium-grained chalcedonic spherulites with flamboyant structure; (2) medium to large-grained euhedral granoblastic quartz grains; (3) fine silt-sized anhedral quartz crystal aggregates. Varieties not exhibiting the tri-modal crystal habit are not considered to be Swan River chert. Features pertaining to the genesis of this material remain contradictory.}, author = {Campling, N.R.} } @Conference Paper {10331, title = {ISOTOPIC CONFIRMATION OF SUBSISTENCE TRENDS AT NAMU, BRITISH COLUMBIA}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Isotopic analysis of dog bones is used to verify trends in the Namu subsistence economy over the period 6,060-1,405 BP. The results show comparable values to those obtained for human bone, and match trends in salmon and shellfish consumption indicated by the analysis of faunal remains. The study demonstrates the value of using domestic dog remains as an independent line of evidence to monitor trends in human diet on the Northwest Coast.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and Henry P. SCHWARCZ and Martin KNYF} } @article {9523, title = {Indigenous Historic Archaeology of the 19th-Century Secwepemc Village at Thompson{\textquoteright}s River Post, Kamloops, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {193-250}, abstract = {

This paper explores the way that theoretical ideas, particularly those situated in post-colonial theory, inform interpretations about Indigenous peoples\’ contacts with fur traders in the Canadian Plateau of British Columbia in the early 19th century. The theoretical discourse on the archaeology of colonialism frames the interpretation of an archaeological excavation of an historic Secwepemc (Shuswap) village associated with an early Hudson\’s Bay Company fur trade post at Kamloops established in 1811. Following a decade of seasonal trading, a permanent trading post was built in 1821, and a new Secwepemc village was established adjacent to it. House features, faunal remains, and material culture were recovered from the site (EeRc\–22) during four field seasons of excavation. An overview of historical and ethnographic texts provides additional information pertaining to Aboriginal peoples on the Plateau during the historic period. The excavations of both the village, containing traditional circular semi-subterranean pithouses, and the adjacent trading post have provided comparative evidence of trading relations and cultural continuity and change in Indigenous and fur trader households in the first three decades of contact at Kamloops.

}, author = {Catherine C. Carlson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9074, title = {Inheriting the Past: The Making of Arthur C. Parker and Indigenous Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {332-335}, editor = {Carr-Locke, Sarah E.} } @Conference Paper {10350, title = {The {\textquoteright}Image of the Indian{\textquoteright} and archaeological theory in Canada: how has the use of theory discouraged First Nations involvement?}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper will be examine archaeological discourse in Canada in order to consider how it has affected the discipline{\textquoteright}s relationship with First Nations. As many have shown, interactions between colonial state powers with original inhabitants of the land were and to a certain extent still are also shaped by images formed through popular discourse. Following Trigger (1980), I argue that the stereotyping of Indians has been the most important single factor shaping the development of archaeology in North America. In order to move towards a way of doing archaeology that is anti-colonial and cooperative, archaeologists must critically examine and take a certain amount of responsibility for archaeology{\textquoteright}s hand in constructing images of Aboriginal Peoples. By examining the development of archaeology in Canada, with careful consideration to the use of theory, these images may be recognized and explored. Through this historical examination, it will be demonstrated that Canadian archaeology has viewed Indians as subjects or objects but only recently as actors in the formulation and dissemination of their own histories.}, author = {Carr-Locke, Sarah E.} } @Conference Paper {10358, title = {It Ain{\textquoteright}t The Meat, Its the Motion: Subsistence and Mobility in Holocene Ghana}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper looks at the lithic assemblages from a series of Kintampo Complex (Ceramic LSA, 3500-3000 bp) sites on the Gambaga Escarpment in Northeastern Ghana, West Africa. These assemblages contain a small, formal component of ground and chipped stone tools, and a large, informal component of bipolar flakes and flake tools. The size and relative permanence of the Kintampo communities argue for a settled, horticultural subsistence, but the informal tool assemblage indicates regular access to non-local sources of lithic raw material. In this paper I will demonstrate two things. First that the act of forest clearing and burning enhances the animal protein yield to such an extent that a formalized hunting strategy and its consequent toolkit are rendered superfluous, and second, that without the necessity to create a formal, portable toolkit, bipolar technology is a highly effective means of producing efficient tools.}, author = {Casey, Joanna} } @Conference Paper {10374, title = {Iroquoians of the Saint Lawrence Valley: Increasing Regionalism}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Understanding the Iroquoian presence in the St. Lawrence Valley is challenged by growing regionalism but we can still study this vast Iroquoian world as an interaction sphere with a sornewhat long story of reproduction success. Increase cultural variability at the regional level has led most archaeologists to divide the Valley into several homogeneous cultural areas. The current state of pottery seriation (the emergence of the diagnostic St. Lawrence Iroquoian pottery) and settlement patterns as well as other general aspects of these cultural groupe will be addressed within geographic divisions.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10403, title = {INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT. A UTOPIAN QUEST?}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Using current examples of regional archaeological resource management efforts on the part of various government agencies, this paper attempts: (1) to present a synthetic review of both research and management requirements; (2) to identify (if any) points or nodes of complementarity, overlap or contradiction between such requirements; (3) to delineate the basic constituents of what might be an integrative research and management approach; and, finally, (4), to arrive to a realistic answer to the question posed in the title.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10410, title = {Integrative Archaeology: A New Method for Complex Data}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper will introduce Integrative Archaeology. Integrative Archaeology uses Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA) to explore complex relationships across data classes. IDA uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a series multivariate statistics to view data in much more comprehensive way that previously possible. The utility of Integrative Archaeology will be demonstrated in several North American case studies.}, author = {Terence Clark} } @Conference Paper {10450, title = {In the Tangled Garden: Archaeology, Art History, and the Group of Seven}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {An archaeological investigation was commissioned by the City of Vaughan as part of the historic landscape design for the J.E.H. MacDonald property in Thornhill, Ontario. The goal of the investigation was to identify through archaeology the structure in the background of MacDonald{\textquoteright}s most celebrated painting and thus determine the location of the garden. This award winning project represented the first archaeological investigation related to Canada{\textquoteright}s Group of Seven and is an example of the contribution archaeology can make to art history.}, author = {Cooper, Martin} } @article {11796, title = {Introduction: 50 Down}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {001-003}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10485, title = {Iron: Why Radiocarbon Dating Doesn{\textquoteright}t Always work}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The history of iron is the story of the continuous endeavour of metallurgists to attain a practical mastery over the carbon content of the iron, without knowing that it contained any carbon, or what the effects of carbon are... . Thus, the words of T.T. Read (1934) remind us that in addition to the usual fuels, charcoal and coal, such carbonaceous materials as dogs{\textquoteright} blood, pigeons{\textquoteright} droppings, rice husks and humans have all been used in the manufacture of iron implements, while the mixing of irons of different types and/or sources has also been a common practice. A detailed knowledge of an artifact{\textquoteright}s metallurgical history is therefore a pre-requisite for obtaining a meaningful date. Fortunately, this is commonly available, and careful metallography can often give strong clues into the artifact{\textquoteright}s mode of manufacture, and hence reliability of the date obtained. A number of iron artifacts have been analyzed, many of which give dates consistent with their metallurgical/historical context: a few, however, have yielded misleading dates. Some of these can be resolved by metallographic inspection, chemical analyses or knowledge of the metallurgical context of the site. In addition, the small sample size ({\textsterling}5g.) capability of accelerator radiocarbon dating permits multiple analyses in some cases that can further help elucidate the history of an artifact. In other cases, inconclusive results are obtained. Examples of samples analyzed at the Isotrace Laboratory will illustrate these capabilities and limitations.}, author = {Cresswell, Richard G.} } @Conference Paper {10495, title = {Importance du contexte et de l{\textquoteright}analyse dans la r{\'e}cup{\'e}ration des restes humains}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Christian Crowder} } @Conference Paper {10505, title = {Iroquoian Origins: The View from the Trent}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origins of Iroquoians in the Lower Great Lakes area: migration vs. in situ development. Ceramic assemblages from the Rice Lake-Trent River region in south-central Ontario span the Middle Woodland through Early Iroquoian periods providing an opportunity to explore these hypotheses in some detail. In this paper, the regional ceramic data are evaluated against expectations derived from the migration hypothesis. The data are found to contradict those expectations, demonstrating clear continuity across the Middle to Late Woodland transition in the Rice Lake-Trent River region. This pattern is reinforced by the changes in specific variables along the continuum that represents the adaptation or elaboration of existing attributes.}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis} } @Conference Paper {10549, title = {Interpreting Variability in Thule Inuit Architecture: A Case Study From The Canadian High Arctic}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The semi-subterranean whale bone house is one of the most recognizable aspects of Thule Inuit culture. These impressive and often enigmatic dwellings are found throughout the Eastern Canadian Arctic and Greenland, from AD. 1000 to the Historic Period. Variability in the architectural properties of semi-subterranean house forms have traditionally been used by archaeologists to infer cultural and historical relationships between regions, and establish seasonal and/or functional distinctions in usage. A statistical analysis of 17 semi-subterranean houses from a Thule site in the Canadian High Arctic, however, reveals architectural variability which reflects the use of two distinctive building strategies. Results indicate that these two strategies represent attempts by Thule builders to accommodate 1) fluctuations in the availability of key building materials, and 2) differences in anticipated group mobility.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9430, title = {Investigations at Wapisu Lake 1972 to 1976}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {118-119}, editor = {Kenneth C.A. Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10572, title = {I . . .am Can . . . didly in favour of pragmatic eclecticism}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Theory in archaeology is a mixed blessing to begin with; pragmatically mixing it a bit more does little harm in itself, and can certainly beat dogmatic adherence to theoretical programs of dubious relevance. (This holds especially when those theoretical programs are originally someone else{\textquoteright}s eclecticism anyway, custom-tailored to their specific historical circumstances.) But what are our best ingredients? For an Ontarian to discuss Canadian archaeology or a Canadian perspective as a monolithic entity at a national conference in Alberta is to invite a referendum. Instead, I will suggest that the general condition of being Canadian or, perhaps, Being in Canada can contribute in special ways to archaeological endeavours both at home and abroad. Our status as a country simultaneously colonial and post-colonial, our high immigration rate and multiculturalism, and distinctive policies in education and resource protection, make Being in Canada different from being in some countries which have produced more prominent archaeological theory.}, author = {Denning, Kathryn} } @Conference Paper {10618, title = {Ice and Fire? The Evolution of Outbuildings at the Macdonell-Williamson House}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Macdonell-Williamson House is situated in the Township of East Hawkesbury on the southern shore of the Ottawa River, adjacent to the village of Pointe-Fortune. John Macdonell, a retired North West Company fur trader, was prolific in the construction of outbuildings during the early period of occupation on the property. Between 1817 and 1842 he built over 20 outbuildings, six of which have been discovered archaeologically in the space of one acre. This paper will discuss the ice house and smokehouse buildings uncovered during archaeological assessment in 2007 and their context within the farmstead estate.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko and Brooks, Meagan} } @Conference Paper {10623, title = {Identification and source location of lithic artifacts from the central Maine Coast}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Six thousand lithic artifacts from 200 archaeological sites along the central Maine coast have been examined for detailed petrology, and the results subjected to basic statistical analysis. Thirty individual lithic materials, each with a distinct source area, were identified from these sites and subsequently field sampled. Statistical analysis reveals lithic use patterns for cultural periods from the Early Archaic to Late Ceramic. In addition, the analysis indicates a shift, through prehistoric time, in the lands of lithic materials used in different geographic settings along the Central Maine Coast.}, author = {Doyle, Robert G.} } @Conference Paper {10625, title = {Indices of architectural relationship in Mesoamerica and eastern North America}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A topic of continuing research and debate has been the spatial and temporal relationships within eastern North America of monumental civic architecture - one of the presumed Mesoamerican influences in the area. Research concerned with similar topics within Mesoamerica has traditionally employed building orientation as one index of possible relationship. The paper summarizes work at Teotihuacan on two other potential indices of architectural relationship (units of measurement and relationship of building axes) and points out similarities between Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan with respect to these indices. The potential for the use of these indices in eastern North America is discussed.}, author = {Drewitt, B.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9105, title = {Ice Age Hunters of the Rockies}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {122-125}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Conference Paper {10651, title = {Ice Patch as Context: Reconstructing Holocene Alpine Environments in the southern Yukon}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Recent attention to ice patches in the southern Yukon indicates that these features were significant resource locations for past inhabitants of the area, but are a poorly understood part of the cultural landscape. Fluctuations in the formation of ice patches may have been critical in the timing and availability of specific resources. Radiocarbon dates on caribou and bison remains indicate that ice patches were used intermittently throughout the Holocene and were important features within their habitat. To understand ice patches as resource locations, it is necessary to document their depositional and ecological history. Accumulation rates are used to establish a depositional history of ice patches. Plant microfossils (i.e. pollen) collected from stratified layers within the ice, are used to shed light on the ecological history of these locales. Understanding the character of small-scale ecosystem variation among alpine ice patches provides a context for evaluating human land-use of the area.}, author = {Bowyer Vandy E. and Charles E. Schweger} } @Conference Paper {10663, title = {Investigating Variation in Indigenous Metalworking in Interior North America: Old Copper through Early Contact}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Throughout prehistory, many groups of native people in the Western Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley have been familiar with and used native copper. However, the ways in which they procured it, manipulated it, and used it have varied considerably through time. This synthetic study examines continuity, innovation, and variation in the technical processes through which copper workers of the major metalworking traditions of this region, Old Copper, Havana/Hopewell, and Mississippian, converted this raw material into finished products, and the varied roles these products played in their cultural systems. It then extends the comparison into the early Contact period, when copper-based trade metals became available to Central Algonkian-speaking peoples in new forms and under dramatically changing sets of social and economic circumstances. Findings from recent technological analyses of native Illinois metalworking practices and contexts of use are integrated into the synthesis, bringing the long-term trends in indigenous metals use in the midcontinent into even brighter focus.}, author = {Ehrhardt, Kathleen L.} } @Conference Paper {10675, title = {Intuitive Archaeology, A Psychic Approach}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Intuition has been described as {\textquoteright}the immediate learning or knowing of something without the conscious use of reasoning{\textquoteright}. This paper describes a new approach to archaeology research in which the author has received information about archaeological sites and artifacts from a psychic associate who appears to {\textquoteright}know without the conscious use of reasoning{\textquoteright}. In actual fact the whole research program defies reasons and the usual concept of the rational man. The ultimate implications of this alliance of archaeology and para psychology are to say the least {\textquoteright}mind boggling{\textquoteright}.}, author = {J. N. Emerson} } @Conference Paper {10705, title = {IROQUOIAN VILLAGE ECOLOGY}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Patterns in Iroquoian village relocation are presented. Typically, a village was located at the edge of its agricultural catchment and relocated a distance of two kilometres. Reasons for this relocation pattern are evaluated in light of archaeological, geographical, and historical data for a cluster of thirteenth and early fourteenth century village sites near Burlington, Ontario. A strategy for Iroquoian village relocation is offered, emphasizing the interrelationships between temperate forest regeneration and Iroquoian demands for cleared fields, building supplies, and firewood.}, author = {Fecteau, Rudy and Jim Molnar and Gary Warrik} } @Conference Paper {10720, title = {Impact Assessment in New Brunswick: A Coordinated Approach}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The Government of New Brunswick recently passed Regulation 87-83 under the Clean Environment Act to provide the legislative framework for Environmental Impact Assessment. The regulation sets out criteria for the scope and nature of the undertakings that have to register with the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment and be screened for potential impact. The major difference between this new regulation and the previous EIA policy is that the requirement for registration and screening now extends to projects proposed by municipalities and private developers, as well as government-sponsored projects. The Environmental Sciences Branch of the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment acts as the coordinator in this multidisciplinary planning approach. This paper outlines the EIA process in New Brunswick, with special emphasis on how heritage concerns are addressed.}, author = {Ferguson, Albert M.} } @Conference Paper {10740, title = {Integrating Heritage into Forestry Management: A Saskatchewan Approach}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Forestry presents unique challenges to the field of cultural resource management, because the scale of impact is huge and the range of potential disturbances are highly variable. Consequently, most foresters have not been willing to consider heritage impacts within their management planning. With funding from Weyerhaeuser Canada, Mistik Management Ltd., Forestry Canada, and the Saskatchewan Heritage Foundation, a three years research project to integrate heritage into forestry management has been initiated. The objectives of this program are to classify forestry impacts, to produce a regional model to aid in predicting where archaeological sites are located, and to provide a management systern that is able to integrate site sensitivity with potential forestry impacts. The result will be a GIS-based system that will allow Saskatchewan forestry companies to use the least damaging harvesting and reforestation techniques in areas with the highest site potential, or to avoid these areas completely. The first year of this project has been completed and this paper will report on the result.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim and Terry Gibson and Don Pawson and Dave Harman} } @Conference Paper {10739, title = {Issues in Heritage Potential Modeling: A View from Central Saskatchewan}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The development and use of heritage potential models have increased dramatically in the last few years, driven by the availability of powerful, yet affordable GIS systems, and driven by large scale land developments, primarily forestry. Although there are some common themes in the approaches taken, few practitioners have begun to address such fundamental issues of scale, precision, accuracy, evaluation and modification. Heritage potential models make good straw men and unless these issues are addressed, the primary consumers of these models will begin to lose confidence. This paper addresses these issues from the perspective of a series of interrelated modeling projects in central Saskatchewan. The project began as a series of 10,000 ha test models and over a four year period evolved into a 10,000,000 ha model. As such, it provides an ideal data set for discussing these issues.}, author = {James FINNIGAN} } @Conference Paper {10761, title = {Introduction to Charlie Lake Cave}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Excavations at Charlie Lake Cave in 1983, 1990 and 1991 produced a significant sequence of deposits spanning Late Pleistocene and Holocene times. This symposium presents recent research on sediments, artifacts and fauna, followed by a discussion period. Artifacts from the site will be on display.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @Symposium Papers {10972, title = {An Introduction to the Prehistory of British Columbia}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {095-156}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10808, title = {Images of Archaeology in North American Videos}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Visual anthropology is the study of how aspects of culture are represented and interpreted in film, video, photography, and computer based multi-media. While it has been a major developing area of interest in anthropology, the significance for archaeology has been widely overlooked. This paper will critically evaluate a selection of films about archaeology, made for educational purposes in North America. It will examine features commonly considered in anthropological analyses, such as voice, content, and selective editing. It is concluded that for the most part little attention has been paid in the past to the nature of the representations of archaeologists and their discipline. Film aesthetics, entertainment value, and marketability often supersede the need for more culturally sensitive and appropriate images. Gender bias is rampant. The voices and meaningful representations of indigenous and other peoples whose cultures are the focus of these films, are most frequently missing from these visual documents.}, author = {Diana E. French} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9067, title = {Images de la Pr{\'e}histoire du Qu{\'e}bec}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {165-167}, editor = {Bruce G.Trigger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9148, title = {Introduction to Rock Art Research}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {261-263}, editor = {Daniel Gendron} } @article {12920, title = {In Search of Carhagouha: The Archaeological Identification of Two Early Seventeenth-Century Huron-Wendat Villages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {158-180}, abstract = {

Since 2014, the Tay Point Archaeology Project has actively investigated Ahatsistari (BeGx-76) and Chew (BeGx-9), two Huron-Wendat village sites. Archaeological and historical evidence suggest Ahatsistari and Chew are good candidates for the historically referenced villages of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran respectively, visited by the French ca. 1615{\textendash}1616\ CE and 1623{\textendash}1624\ CE. The geographic locations, inter-village distances, and sizes of Ahatsistari and Chew correspond with historic accounts of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran. Recovered European-made artifacts securely date Ahatsistari to the first quarter and Chew to the second quarter of the seventeenth century, matching the recorded occupations of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran. Exceptionally high glass bead densities and unusual European trade items point to intense trade between the French and Huron-Wendat and the presence of notable European visitors at Ahatsistari. Still to be located at Ahatsistari are a triple palisade and small cabin outside the village of Carhagouha that was occupied by Samuel de Champlain, Recollect friar Joseph Le Caron, and French traders.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.158}, author = {Bonnie Glencross and Gary Warrick and Beatrice Fletcher} } @Conference Paper {10886, title = {IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE THREE PINES SITE (CgHa-6), LAKE TEMAGAMI, ONTARIO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Analyses of the soils, a pollen core, the geomorphology and the microstratigraphy of the Three Pines Site, were integrated to reconstruct some of the natural and cultural processes which have formed this shallow, multi-component site typical of the Canadian Shield. The Three Pines Site is a baymouth bar, created sometime after deglaciation (ca. 10,500 B.P.) and available for human occupation by at least 6400 B.P. Repeated seasonal occupations by Archaic, Initial Woodland, Terminal Woodland, Historical and Modern period groups have left a time series of minute cultural modifications to the landscape. The nature and the relative temporal sequence of these events were identified through the use of a Harris Matrix stratigraphic analysis. This provided a basis for phasing the settlement traces, artifacts and other archaeological sediments into a temporal sequence of occupations. This contextual/stratigraphic approach (cf. Butzer 1982; Harris 1979) involves conceptualizing the archaeological record as a time series of physical deposits, whose form and nature reflect the cumulative total of all events, activities and processes which have operated to create the archaeological site as it exists today. This viewpoint allows for artifacts to be considered within their stratigraphic context, sites in their palaeoenvironmental context and ultimately hunter-gatherer behaviour within the context of the human ecosystem.}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10926, title = {Inequality, Complexity, and the Notion of a Gulf of Georgia Developmental Trajectory}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Thirty years ago Don Mitchell made a case for the distinctiveness of the cultural and natural characteristics of the Gulf of Georgia region. Since then, new research questions have been addressed and additional data gathered, providing fresh perspectives on Mitchell{\textquoteright}s original conclusions. In particular, a variety of models have been presented to explain the development of a pan-coastal and ethnographically-based cultural pattern{\textendash} the {\textquoteright}Developed Northwest Coast Pattern{\textquoteright}. This paper draws upon recent theoretical and empirical observations in order to assess the evidence for a specifically Gulf of Georgia developmental trajectory. Is it appropriate to view the Gulf of Georgia region as having a unique trajectory that requires its own explanations, or, are Gulf of Georgia developments explainable as a local expression of the development of coastal cultures as a whole? This question is examined in light of current research on Northwest Coast complexity, inequality, and household evolution.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @article {9609, title = {Iroquoian Pottery at Lake Abitibi: A Case Study of the Relationship Between Hurons and Algonkians on the Canadian Shield}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {65-91}, abstract = {

This work sheds new light on the problems of interpreting the historical and cultural aspects of Iroquoian-like pottery in the Canadian Shield. Within this region, the Lake Abitibi case is unusual because the archaeological sites of the area exhibit an unusually high frequency of Iroquoian-like ceramic vessels compared to other areas of the Shield. For this reason, it has attracted the attention of archaeologists since research began in the Abitibi area in the 1950s. A corpus of 143 vessel equivalents, all relating to the Ontario Iroquois Tradition and coming from six sites plus one private collection from Lake Abitibi were analysed in the course of this research. The main result of this work as well as its implication for the understanding of the nature of this ceramic manifestation at Lake Abitibi, and the development of the possible relationship between the Algonkians of the area and the Iroquoians of southern Ontario are presented in this paper.

}, author = {Fran{\c c}ois Guindon} } @Conference Paper {10948, title = {Investigating Household Spatial Organization: Faunal and Artifact Distributions in House K, McNichol Creek Site, British Columbia}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Household archaeology has been a major focus at the McNichol Creek site in Prince Rupert harbour since 1990. This prehistoric village dating to approximately 1500 BP is believed to have expressed all the salient features of the Developed Northwest Coast Pattern including pronounced social inequality and hereditary wealth and rank. Several research goals at the McNichol Creek village have focussed exclusively on deciphering such features, on both interhouse and intrahouse levels. This paper focuses on interhouse aspects; specifically, the spatial organization of artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the excavation of house K during the summer of 1999. This evidence may provide information on social inequality and rank, as well as the economic status of the household in general.}, author = {T. J. Hall} } @Conference Paper {10949, title = {Inuksuit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Among the important instruments created by the first known people to inhabit the Arctic are stone figures called inuksuit. The meaning of the word inuksuk, {\textquoteright}to act in the capacity of a human,{\textquoteright} is an extension of the word Inuk which means {\textquoteright}hurnan being.{\textquoteright} We know that many inuksuit functioned as hunting instruments, navigational aids and message centres along with a number of other functions related to earthly activities. In addition, however, certain inuksuit were objects of veneration. They compelled humans to build them, out of fear, love, loneliness and, more importantly, they marked the thresholds of the spiritual landscape. They too were made of stone.}, author = {Hallendy, Norm} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9063, title = {Indian Art Traditions of the Northwest Coast}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {178-180}, editor = {Marjorie Halpin} } @article {14025, title = {Institutions and Regional Integration on the Maritime Peninsula: Why Natural History Societies Still Matter}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {155-177}, abstract = {

The Maritime Peninsula, the eastern homeland of the Wabanaki, forms a defensible archaeological region, but one divided by an international border. Research from either side of the border remains poorly integrated. In this paper, I consider the history of the institutional-scale research in the region{\textemdash}that is, the organizations supporting, publishing, and regulating archaeological research. Archaeology in the State of Maine developed an outward orientation early on, with research largely sponsored by out-of-state institutions. In contrast, work in the Maritime provinces (Maritimes) was dominated by local natural history societies. A relative dearth of research on both sides of the border for much of the twentieth century served to secure these trends before they were calcified legislatively at the provincial level in the Maritimes and in connection with federal legislation in Maine. As a result, archaeology in the Maritimes is marked in large part by a focus on objects and inventories of objects, a generalist approach that blurs historical and precontact archaeology, and an iterative approach to defining archaeological significance. In contrast, work in Maine tends to emphasize survey and the definition of sites and is more clearly problem oriented with conservative criteria for historical significance. As a result, attempts at regional integration may need to be aimed at some of these scales.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.2.155}, author = {Gabriel Hrynick} } @article {9643, title = {Interethnic Contact and Nineteenth Century British Ceramic Distribution}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {129-142}, abstract = {

This paper considers the growth in Native Alaskan dependency on items that the Russians initially categorized as \&$\#$39;triffles\&$\#$39; and \&$\#$39;things that the natives did not in the least need.\&$\#$39; British ceramics aasociated with the tea complex are used to examine the impact of western material culture on indigenous populations in southwestern Alaska during the nineteenth century. Motivations for contact and Russian relationships with Alaskan Native populations are discussed. Selective processes associated with the incorporation of exogenous artifacts are examined and key factors explaining the presence of British ceramics in their new context isolated. Because teaware would not be predicted in Russian America using arguments of either differential legal, social or economic status commonly used to explain ceramic distribution patterns elsewhere in North America, an alternative multicausal approach to the consideration of trade good incorporation in colonial contact settings is proposed.

}, author = {Louise M. Jackson} } @article {14096, title = {An Important Pictograph from Tramping Lake, Manitoba (GeMa-1), Now Gone}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {48}, year = {2024}, pages = {70-86}, abstract = {

A pair of unusual rock paintings at the Tramping Lake site (GeMa-1), Manitoba, are described and illustrated, and previous inaccurate recordings of their appearance are corrected. One of the paintings has been lost some time between 1965 and 1988 through natural weathering. Its significance in relation to the rest of the rock paintings of the Canadian Shield is discussed in concert with the enormous difficulties latter-day observers face in regard to identification and classification (let alone interpretation) of this and many other of the images found in the Canadian Shield (also known as Northern Woodland) rock art region. Several hypotheses about what the pair of paintings may represent are advanced. Finally, the importance of accurate recording of in situ pictographs as they face being lost to vandalism and erosion is emphasized.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/48.1.070}, author = {Tim E. H. Jones} } @article {9672, title = {The Identification and Interpretation of Finishing Marks on Prehistoric Nova Scotian Ceramics}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {074-084}, author = {Helen Kristmanson and Michael Deal} } @article {9676, title = {Identification of the 17th Century French Missions in Eastern Huronia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {147-171}, abstract = {

This paper examines the existing information concerning the identification and location of 17th century French mission sites in the area of eastern Huronia, in southern Ontario. Models based on cartographic and documentary evidence are evaluated and shown to contain internal contradictions which reduce their predictive power. Traditional criteria for the archaeological identification of mission sites are also inadequate, but two new techniques offer hope that this goal is finally within reach.

}, author = {Martha A. Latta} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9153, title = {In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {349-353}, editor = {Jonathan C. Lothrop} } @article {9690, title = {Identification and Dating of Lea and Perrins{\textquoteright} Worcestershire Sauce Bottles on Canadian Historic Sites: Interpretations Past and Present}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {001-017}, abstract = {

A review of historical and archaeological information on Lea and Perrins\&$\#$39; Worcestershire Sauce bottles in North America reveals that past identification and dating of these bottles found on Canadian sites are generally incorrect due to inappropriate use of American-oriented data. Consequently, an alternative approach to identifying and dating Lea and Perrins\&$\#$39; bottles from Canadian contexts is examined and presented in this paper.

}, author = {Kevin Lunn} } @article {9702, title = {Introduction: {\textquotedblleft}Community-Oriented Archaeology{\textquotedblright}}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {425-433}, author = {Andrew Martindale and Natasha Lyons} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9266, title = {Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Indian Oral Traditions}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {296-298}, editor = {Ronald J. Mason} } @article {9706, title = {The Identification of Animals on Ontario Iroquois Pipes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {031-048}, abstract = {

Zoologists and ornithologists examined photographs of the fauna on more than 500 Ontario Iroquoian smoking pipes. In general they concluded that 1. with a few exceptions, most animals are so stylized that they can only be identified within broad general categories and 2. there appears to be little evidence for some of the identifications made in the past. General problems pertaining to identification are discussed, as well as the possibility that at least some of the beings may represent supernaturals.

}, author = {Zena Pearlstone Mathews} } @article {9707, title = {Investigating "WH": A Nineteenth Century Burial from L{\textquoteright}Anse au Loup, Labrador}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {101-116}, abstract = {

The discovery, excavation, and analysis of a human skeleton, a nearly complete set of clothing, and other cultural remains from a burial at L\&$\#$39;Anse au Loup, Labrador, in 1987, provide an example of co-ordinated investigation by an osteologist and a conservator. Study of the skeleton and preserved hair indicate the remains to be those of a young adult black male. Loss of an arm may have contributed to his death. Conservation treatment and analysis of the clothing suggest a costume dating to the early nineteenth century. Initials scratched into an associated pocket knife handle and shoe sole provide a clue to identity. Together the work of the osteologist and conservator reveal \&$\#$39;WH\&$\#$39; to have been a young black sailor working and dying on the Strait of Belle Isle in the early part of the nineteenth century.

}, author = {C. Mathias and S.M. Jerkic} } @article {9711, title = {Ivory for the Sea Woman: The Symbolic Attributes of a Prehistoric Technology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {141-149}, abstract = {

An attempt is made to document the differential use of ivory and antler by craftsmen of the prehistoric Thule culture, the ancestors of the Arctic Inuit. The association of particular materials with certain classes of artifacts suggests that selection of raw materials may have involved other than empirically functional criteria. It is suggested that these materials may have had symbolic, as well as purely functional, attributes in the minds of Thule craftsmen, and that these attributes may have been part of a symbolic system ancestral to that which can be derived from an interpretation of historic Inuit myth and custom.

}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @Symposium Papers {10995, title = {An individual view of Canadian Eskimo prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {55-75}, author = {Robert~McGhee} } @Symposium Papers {10987, title = {Introduction to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {083-088}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9305, title = {Introducing Manitoba Archaeology}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {122-123}, editor = {Gregory Monks} } @Symposium Papers {10993, title = {Introductory Remarks}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {001-002}, author = {Richard~E.~Morlan} } @inbook {11017, title = {The Inuktuiut of Eskimo Lakes}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {117-126}, abstract = {Recent archaeological excavations in the western Canadian Arctic have focussed on Inuvialuit (Mackenzie Inuit) sites in the Eskimo Lakes area, a long inland arm of the sea running southwest from Liverpool Bay almost to the Mackenzie River. Although written information on the area dating before 1900 is virtually nonexistent, archaeological and oral history data suggest the Eskimo Lakes played an important role in regional subsistence and exchange patterns over the past 500 years. The area seems to have been the home of a distinctive Inuvialuit group which disappeared sometime prior to the full historic period.}, author = {David Morrison and Charles Arnold}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9751, title = {The Irish Creek Site: Evidence for a Mid-Holocene Microblade Component on the Northern Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {075-092}, abstract = {

Microblade technology has long been considered a diagnostic trait of Early Holocene occupation in southeast Alaska. Over 15 years ago, microblades and microblade cores associated with a single late Holocene radiocarbon date were reported for the Irish Creek site in southeast Alaska. These apparently contradictory data led us to reevaluate the archaeological assemblage, with particular attention to the obsidian artifacts. Our geochemical and hydration analyses suggest that the Irish Creek assemblage is approximately 5000 years old, consistent with an artifact assemblage that contains microblade technology but lacks ground stone. The persistence of microblade technologies in the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska accords with patterns described for the larger northern Northwest Coast region.

}, author = {Madona Moss and Jon Erlandson and R. Scott Byram and Richard Hughes} } @inbook {11023, title = {Interpretation in Arctic Archaeology: Lessons from Inuvialuit Oral History}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {29-38}, abstract = {From 1989 to 1993 an oral history project was undertaken by the Inuvialuit Social Development Program. The main objective of the Herschel Island and Yukon North Slope Inuvialuit Oral History Project was to document Inuvialuit land use and knowledge of the Yukon North Slope. Inuvialuit oral history also provided important insights into archaeological issues. This paper questions archaeological assumptions regarding sod houses in the light of ethnographic information. In effect, the Inuvialuit elders explained that sod houses could be occupied year-round rather than solely in wintertime as often assumed by Arctic archaeologists. It is suggested that the use of sod houses in the summer depends on specific strategies of land use.}, author = {Murielle Nagy}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9758, title = {The Identification of Protein Residues on Lithic Artifacts from a Stratified Boreal Forest Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {119-132}, abstract = {

Taconite artifacts from the stratified Cummins site near Thunder Bay dating ca. 7,500-9,000 BP were tested for blood protein residues. Cross-over electrophoresis (CIEP), an analytical technique commonly used in forensic investigations, was used for identifications. Commercially available anti-sera for mammalian and avian families were tested against archaeological residues. At present this method and the available anti-sera allow identification of organic residues only to family level. Our results, which include human, bovine (bison), deer and several other mammalian families indicate that protein immunoglobins are preserved on archaeological materials for millennia and that identification is possible.

}, author = {M. Newman and P. Julig} } @article {9766, title = {Introduction to Building a Contextual Milieu: Interdisciplinary Modeling and Theoretical Perspectives from the SCAPE Project}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

To introduce the volume, we present a brief background to the SCAPE Project, and then an overview of the methodological approaches that we have used to achieve our research goals. This is followed by an overview of current and past theoretical approaches to archaeological interpretation. We conclude with a brief discussion of the value of the concept of building a contextual milieu.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Dion Wiseman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11941, title = {Integrative Approaches in Ceramic Petrography}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {279-282}, editor = {Stanley Klassen} } @article {12927, title = {Indigenous Human Remains Database from Archaeological Sites in Qu{\'e}bec: Preliminary Results}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {330-354}, abstract = {

This paper presents the preliminary results of a project initiated by the Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke and the Groupe de recherche Arch{\'e}oSociale/Arch{\'e}oScience (Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al) to create a database of archaeological sites in Quebec that included Indigenous human remains. This document will be a useful tool for the repatriation/rematriation process. Using existing inventories, the database collated various data points for each site, such as the Borden code, location, date, minimal number of individuals (MNI), location of remains, reports, etc. Three site categories were identified: 1)\ those describing the discovery of human remains associated with Indigenous people (103 sites); 2)\ those with-out skeletal remains despite mentioning the presence of burial(s) (8 sites); and 3)\ those not reporting any information (81 sites). From these sites, information on more than 678 individuals have been collected so far. Site mapping has allowed the visualization of site distribution spatially and through time. Further research is needed to clarify the cultural affiliation and the storage location of these human remains.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.330}, author = {Jesseca Paquette and Isabelle Ribot and Christian Gates St-Pierre and Christine Zachary-Deom and Gaetan Nolet} } @inbook {11019, title = {Insights into the Prehistory of the Lower Mackenzie Valley, Anderson Plain Region, Northwest Territories}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {89-111}, abstract = {During the first four years of the NOGAP Archaeology Project, 104 new archaeological sites were found in the southwest Anderson Plain. These sites are generally characterized by thin lithic scatters comprised mainly of undiagnostic debitage. In spite of the frustrating nature of the region{\textquoteright}s archaeology, elements of a local culture-history are emerging. Many of the sites attest to the Late Prehistoric Gwich{\textquoteright}in occupation of the region. Earlier cultural remains have been found which relate to the use of the area by the Arctic Small Tool tradition, and a second, non-ASTt, microblade manufacturing group. Although external relationships can be drawn, at present, it appears more fruitful to identify and define local culture-historical parameters.}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9806, title = {Interior Occupation: A Maritime Archaic Site at South Brook Park, Western Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {123-128}, author = {David Reader} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9450, title = {Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {192-195}, editor = {Rudy Reimer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9152, title = {The Idea of Cultural Heritage (Revised edition)}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {206-209}, editor = {Jeffrey Seibert} } @Symposium Papers {10962, title = {Introduction to papers on archaeologieal resource management and conservation archaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {107-108}, author = {Bjorn~O.~Simonsen} } @article {12923, title = {Indicators for Interactions from Legacy Worked and Unworked Faunal Assemblages from the Quackenbush Site, a Late Woodland Site in the Kawartha Lakes Region, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {230-258}, abstract = {

The Quackenbush site (BdGm-l) is located in what is now Ontario, at the northeastern limit of the area known to have been occupied by the Huron-Wendat pre-dispersal and visited by the Anishinaabeg of the Canadian Shield. Excavations of portions of the site half a century ago uncovered parts of three longhouses and midden deposits. We generated the data presented here as part of a larger scholarly effort aimed at analyzing and writing up all of the material culture from the site. We investigate ways in which faunal remains can be used to inform on the nature of the activities conducted at the site and to trace past interactions between the site{\textquoteright}s occupants and people living on the Canadian Shield and in the St. Lawrence Valley at that time, finding tentative evidence for the former and more conclusive evidence for the latter. We hypothesize that people originating from the St. Lawrence Valley were present at the Quackenbush site and making bone artifacts as a way of maintaining or negotiating identity.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.230}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Suzanne Needs-Howarth and Marie-{\`E}ve Boisvert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9329, title = {An Introduction to Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {186-187}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9862, title = {An Investigation of Interassemblage Variability Within The Gulf of Georgia Phase}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {024-031}, abstract = {

This paper is an examination of diversity in archaeological assemblages within a culture type. The Gulf of Georgia Phase of the Northwest Coast provides an interesting, previously uninvestigated area to examine such diversity. It is proposed here that such diversity is limited by the environment that the assemblage occurs in. The artifact assemblages from 18 Gulf of Georgia components are summarized in a common typology and then put through a clustering routine in an attempt to clearly show the relationship between culture and environment.

}, author = {Brian Thom} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9033, title = {Imagining Head-Smashed-In: Aboriginal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {170-173}, editor = {Dale A. Walde} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9238, title = {Islands on the Plains: Ecological, Social, and Ritual Use of Landscapes}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {148-151}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9207, title = {Ideas of Landscape}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {291-295}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @article {9892, title = {The Implications of Probable Early and Middle Archaic Projectile Points from Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {059-078}, abstract = {

On the basis of surface collections from southwestern Southern Ontario it appears that Early (8000-6000 B.C.) and Middle (6000-4000 B.C.) Archaic occupations are represented. In addition to the distributional evidence for Early and Middle Archaic in the province, the following matters are examined: the association of Early and Middle Archaic projectile point varieties with the present Carolinian Biotic Province; consideration of the Fitting-Ritchie hypothesis that much of the Northeast was sparsely populated between 7000 B.C. and 4000 B.C.; and the possible relationship between late Palaeo-Indian cultures of the north and Early Archaic cultures and/or influences from the south.

}, author = {James V. Wright} }