@Conference Paper {9954, title = {Getting to Grass}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Grasslands National Park is considering stocking Bison to replicate long term historical grazing patterns instead of current range management practices. This has led to several avenues of research that are focused on grazing habits of bison and their relationship to the park. With over 3000 recorded archaeological sites in the park, potential exists for archaeological data to contribute to the development of that understanding. However, since most recorded sites are simply surface indications and no excavated material or dates have been collected, it is a challenge to find avenues of research that can provide significant information. This presentation summarizes some recent experiments their results where attempts to mine existing data have been undertaken. One experiment was to relate archaeological distribution patterns to deep stratigraphic patterns. This work is progressing conjunction with Drs. Elena and Serguei Ponomarenko. A second experiment was to look at radiocarbon dated sites in the region to search out patterns of bison utilization. Some of the results and data gaps identified in these experiments will be discussed.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Conference Paper {9951, title = {{\textquoteright}A Great Collection of Indian Relics{\textquoteright} from a Destroyed Late Archaic and Early Woodland Mortuary Centre in Eastern Ontario}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the 1930{\textquoteright}s a burial mound and associated domestic sites on the old Wattam farm, near Verona,Ontario, were dug in the search for Indian Relics.A newspaper report from the period indicates that numerous bodies had been buried at this location, and a wide variety of artifacts were discovered during the spadework.Although the burial mound has been totally destroyed and the majority of the Wattam collection is now dispersed, approximately one third of the artifacts are still available for study. Contrary to the picture of intertribal warfare and battles suggested by the newspaper report, analysis of the remaining artifacts indicates a more peaceable and long term use of the area.Artifacts associated with Terminal Archaic Red Ochre, and Early Woodland Meadowood and Middlesex burial complexes have been recognized indicating that this Shield edge site operated as a significant mortuary center over a broad time span.A variety of more utilitarian items from these periods indicates that considerable non-mortuary activity also took place in the area. The findings from the Wattam farm are discussed in the context of, and compared with, mortuary and domestic sites from the surrounding area.}, author = {Adams, Nick} } @Conference Paper {10048, title = {GLIMPSES OF NEO-ESKIMO OCCUPATION OF THE NUNAINGOK SITE, NUNAVIK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Archaeological field schools for Inuit conducted in 1987 and 1988 at the Nunaingok site, extreme northeastern Quebec-Labrador, were centred on the excavation of a sod qarmat and an associated midden. Preliminary results of the excavations indicate that the dwelling was repeatedly occupied by historic Inuit and clarify the seasonality of occupation. As well, data recovered from underlying Thule culture deposits shed new light on prehistoric Neo-Eskimo occupation of the site.}, author = {Badgley, Ian} } @Conference Paper {10054, title = {The Geochemical Fingerprint Of Major Lithic (Glass-Rich Dacite) Quarries}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {A major lithic mining site in the Cache Creek area, British Columbia, yielded rocks with a dull black appearance and distinctive working characteristics. This material has been referred to as glassy basalt in the literature but petrographic and geochemical analysis (46 major and trace elements) show it is dacite with a high glass content. Attempts to correlate this material with artefacts from a site in the southern Okanagan revealed a second dacite with a different geochemical fingerprint. At least one other dacite quarry site may exist. These preliminary results indicate that dacite was a common stone tool material in the BC interior perhaps acting as a substitute for rhyolitic obsidian which is less common in the area.}, author = {Baker, J. and L.M. Mallory-Greenough and J.D. Greenough} } @Conference Paper {10089, title = {GIS at Khuzir Nuge XIV: The Use of GIS in Mortuary Archeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In October of 1998 the Baikal Archeological Project decided that the Khuzir-Nuge XIV site located on the west side of Lake Baikal in Siberia would benefit by being organized into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of this project was to bring together large amounts of tabular, spatial, pictorial and text data collected by a number of field workers in a format that was easily accessible for analysis and presentation. For Khuzir-Nuge XIV, ArcView was used because of its capabilities to link different data sets from the project. The application also represented the data visually, quickly and easily. Using the GIS will allow project researchers to undertake faster and more accurate analysis of features within the site. It will also provide an immediate visual aide, which would not be possible without the data organization provided by this approach.}, author = {Beames, Katherine} } @Conference Paper {10135, title = {GIS and Artifact Classification at Urban Sites in Central Mexico}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Artifact classification and spatial analysis traditionally are distinct procedures. In large settlements containing considerable socioeconomic and ethic differentiation, however, artifact classificatory taxa developed without regard for context may be meaningful over only limited areas of the site. The analytical facilities available in different GISs allow one to integrate analyses of artifact characteristics more tightly with analyses of spatial context. This procedure has enhanced our ability to meaningfully classify maize-grinding tool in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico.}, author = {BISKOWSKI, Martin F.} } @Conference Paper {10136, title = {The George Frederick Clarke Artifact Collection: Canoe and Portage Connections}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Dr. George Frederick Clarke (1883{\textendash}1974), a dentist and author, and an avocational archaeologist and historian, wrote the first book-length work devoted largely to the pre-contact archaeology of New Brunswick, and was awarded an honorary PhD by the University of New Brunswick. In 2006, his collection of 2700 artifacts and associated notes and records were donated to UNB by the Clarke family. Dr. Clarke{\textquoteright}s archaeological activities coincided with a time when little professional archaeological work was being conducted in the province, and many of the sites he found and explored were submerged, subsequently, beneath the head-ponds of hydro-electric dams. Thus, his work is important for its potential contributions to constructing regional archaeological history and for its place in the history of Canadian archaeology. One potential contribution is the light the Clarke collection may shed on the portage route between the headwaters of the Tobique and Miramichi river systems, which spans the traditional territories of the Wolastoqiyik and the Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq.}, author = {David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10174, title = {The Glenn Family Homestead: Nineteenth Century Settlers and Public Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations at the Glenns{\textquoteright} first cabin have been open to university students and the general public for three seasons. Excavations around the building{\textquoteright}s perimeter and, more recently, through the living floor have helped to reveal the character of the buildings{\textquoteright} occupants and their use of the site since the 1870s. Public excavations and interpretations are considered for their validity and scientific relevance with regard to finds at the site. Other outreach efforts stemming from this site see the inclusion of historic archaeology in lessons to schoolchildren and the importance of context to historical interpretations in proposed reconstruction efforts.}, author = {Boland, Dale Elizabeth} } @Conference Paper {10176, title = {GIS-BASED HERITAGE RESOURCE PREDICTIVE MODELLING IN NORTHERN ONTARIO: A PILOT PROJECT}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {In 1990, Lakehead University began a pilot project studying the feasibility of developing predictive models of prehistoric settlement locations. More than 250,000 square kilometres of forest is leased for logging activities and virtually none of that land has been subjected to archaeological analysis. The project will organize its land base according to the Borden system to facilitate correspondence with archaeological management units. This has resulted in individual map sheets of 18.5km x 12km in size (608 rows x 397 columns per digital map). Each cell in the digital database represents 30m x 30m. This cell resolution allows for detailed mapping of the natural resource and archaeological database. In addition, LANDSAT TM data can be incorporated directly into this database. At the present time, two Borden blocks have been digitized: DhJf and DhJe. A variety of data layers have been generated including elevation, water resources, surface geology, drainage, transportation and utility corridors, and known archaeological sites. A preliminary predictive model has been generated but has not yet been subjected to field verification.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA and Scott Hamikon} } @article {11113, title = {Geochemical Fingerprinting of Dacite Tool Stone from the Punchaw Lake Village Site (FiRs-1), Nechako Plateau, British Columbia: Implications for Exchange and Transport}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {095-125}, abstract = {

A comprehensive (forty seven elements) geochemical data set for eighteen artifacts strategically selected after macroscopic examination of approximately six thousand lithic artifacts from the Punchaw Lake Village Site (FiRs-1) on the Nechako Plateau, in the north-central interior of British Columbia (B.C.), shows that dacite was the dominant lithology used in stone tool manufacture. The macroscopic descriptions, plus exploratory statistics utilizing all geochemical data, reveal at least three geochemical artifact groups (A, B, and D). Differences between groups are consistent with derivation from three Paleogene caldera complexes in the central interior. Comparisons with tool stone (dacite) from the southern interior of B.C. show that, although there is little geochemical overlap, the compositional variation at Punchaw Lake is similar to what is seen for all of the southern interior. Geochemical group A artifacts from Punchaw Lake (eight artifacts, 41 percent) resemble, but do not overlap with, available geochemical data for Cache Creek/Arrowstone Hills dacite (approximately 300\ km south) in the south-central interior, suggesting derivation from a geologic site/caldera between Punchaw Lake and Cache Creek, but a Cache Creek origin cannot be ruled out. Geochemical group A artifacts have textural traits leading to superior \“workability\” (e.g.,\ finer-grained) compared to the two, less-abundant, geochemical groups (B and D). Group A dominance implies that \“workability\” was as important as proximity to a geological source in determining the abundance of dacite types at Punchaw Lake. Two group B samples (11 percent of artifacts) are very similar to dacite artifacts from Smith Creek and Princeton River in the southern interior suggesting five hundred kilometers of transport. Previous work on obsidian and valuable artifacts at Punchaw Lake supports exchange/transport for great distances, but dacite tool stone may be largely of local/regional (central interior) derivation. Hypothesis testing requires data for dacite artifacts from Quaternary, glacial outwash fields, associated with Paleogene caldera complexes in the central interior.

}, author = {W. S. Lorenz Br{\"u}chert and John D. Greenough} } @Conference Paper {10251, title = {Gender and Ethnicity in Postclassic Greater Nicoya}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Cross-analysis of ceramic female figurines from Santa Isabel and other Mesoamerican artifacts for the purpose of comparison with ethnohistoric chronologies of ethnic migrations, settlements and interactions in Greater Nicoya. Along with ethnicity, emphasis is placed heavily on gender in Postclassic Greater Nicoya, also explored through observation of consistencies and contradictions between archaeological and ethnohistoric data. Major topics include, grand-mother and motherhood in the archaeological record, ideology, ethnic and gender symbolism in costume and bodily decoration, and gender complementarity.}, author = {Nicole Brunel} } @article {9510, title = {Gender, Grave Goods and Status in British Columbia Burials}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {251-271}, abstract = {

A gender-based analysis of burials from the coast of British Columbia shows that there are no significant differences in the frequency of burial, or grave goods between male and female burials. A total of 1,130 burials were examined to identify any differences in age, sex, and grave good types. When examined regionally, within the south, central and north coasts, local patterns in mortuary treatment become apparent. Although the results for the north and south coasts show no difference in the overall frequency of grave goods between males and females, it does show that the south coast has more burials with grave goods and especially burials with ornamental inclusions. The regional differences in mortuary practices are explored through a discussion of descent systems, social structure, and the influence of conflict on mortuary ritual.

}, author = {Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10275, title = {Geophysical Survey of a Late Prehistoric Site in Eastern Quebec}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {A geophysical survey was carried out during the summer of 2004 on a late prehistoric site in the eastern Quebec region of Bas-Saint-Laurent. The site, CjEd-5, dates to the Middle and Late Ceramic (Woodland) period and contains several stratified occupations within fine alluvial sediments. We carried out the magnetometer survey using a Bartington Grad 601 fluxgate gradiometer at closely spaced intervals of 1 metre. This poster presents the results of the survey and compares these to subsequent excavations that served as a {\textquoteright}ground truth{\textquoteright} of the non-invasive geophysical investigation. The results were overwhelmingly positive and allowed us to save valuable time and resources by concentrating our excavations on features that were most likely to provide radiocarbon dates and close associations of artifact classes such as faunal remains and lithics.}, author = {Adrian L. Burke and Jason Jeandron} } @Conference Paper {10298, title = {Geochemical Investigations of Inuit Winter Dwellings In Northern Labrador}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Inuit people of northern Labrador had a variety of effects on their landscape. However, there is an absence of archaeological research addressing their inadvertent influence on the soil{\textquoteright}s chemical record. Here, I contribute to this type of research by investigating the geochemical characteristics of soils from Inuit winter dwellings at Iglosiatik Island, Nachvak Fiord, and Komaktorvik Fiord, northern Labrador. My research at these locations distinguishes the geochemical composition of soils in association with household taskscapes, adding a geoarchaeological perspective to the Inuit use of space within winter dwellings. Spaces in these households had socially prescribed and proscribed functions, and the habitus enacted in these taskscapes modifies the soil{\textquoteright}s chemical record. As such, repetitive behaviour in spatially discrete locations can increase the concentration of inorganic elements or introduce foreign ones into the soilscape. These geochemical reflections of behaviour are useful for understanding social structures and identifying taskscapes that have no direct architectural or artefactual evidence. The geochemical characteristics of soils from lamp stands, cooking niches, storage niches, dwelling floors, sleeping platforms, entrance tunnels, and refuse disposal areas underwent comparison with off-site control samples to determine their degree of anthropogenic alteration. Elemental compositions of these soils were measured using x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma {\textendash} mass spectroscopy, while reduction {\textendash} oxidation potential, pH, and total dissolved solids were determined using electronic meters. Correspondence and principle components analysis identified the distinct geochemical signatures of these cultural spaces.}, author = {Don Butler} } @Conference Paper {10340, title = {Glacial Lakes and Salmonids in the Southern Interior of British Columbia}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Bony skeletons of salmon encased in clay nodules eroding from glacial lake sediments along Kamloops Lake, in the southern interior of British Columbia, have been AMS radiocarbon dated to 18,110+90 and 15,480+60 BP. These are the only known salmonid remains of Late Wisconsin age in the Pacific Northwest, and are significant in demonstrating the presence of salmon in the river drainages during the late glacial maximum. On the basis of morphological size of the specimens, and on measurement of the low delta C13 value in the bone (-22.2 o/oo and -23.8 o/oo), it is argued that these were probably landlocked Oncorhynchus nerka (the Kokanee form of sockeye salmon). An experimental study of the ancient salmon DNA on these specimens is presently underway and has promise for resolving the species determination issue. This paper will discuss the salmon specimens and their geological source with the purpose of reconstructing the paleozoogeography of salmon in the Pacific Northwest including the implications for early human subsistence and migration patterns. Also addressed are the questions of the extent and timing of glacial lakes and ice retreat, and drainage patterns, in the southern interior of British Columbia in the Late Wisconsin.}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10456, title = {Glimpses of the Barrenlands}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {A correlation between discrete human populations and discrete caribou herds has been observed ethnohistorically and proposed archaeologically in the area west of the Mackenzie River and north of Lake Athabasca and the Churchill River. Four major barren-ground caribou herds exist, their wintering area corresponding reasonably well with projected protohistoric Athabascan band distribution before fur trade disruption. J.G.E.Smith has demonstrated Chipewyan/Beverly herd association within the historic period. Archaeologically, all but one of over 80 barrenland Arctic Small Tool tradition(ASTt) sites lie within modern herding areas. Changes within the herding range, specifically the calving grounds, during a prolonged cold period following 1500 B.C., induced ASTT hunters as far south as the Prairie provinces, suggesting herding areas similar to the present in regards to migration path and wintering range. The absence of significant ASTt artifactual materials from surveyed areas between discrete herds plus early historic band/discrete herd correlations suggest that similar analogies may be made for other prehistoric barrenland cultures, specifically Northern Plano, Shield Archaic and prehistoric Athapascan.}, author = {Bryan C. Cordon} } @Conference Paper {10488, title = {Gore Vale Preliminary Findings}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Gore Vale was an 1820 brick house situated in the area of modern day Trinity Bellwoods Park, Toronto. Initially owned by Duncan Cameron, it later was home to the influential Bickford family, and afterwards was used as an Institute for recovering alcoholics, a dormitory, a veterans{\textquoteright} psychiatric hospital, and finally a Boy{\textquoteright}s Club, before being demolished in 1928. A multi-year project, begun in 1990, includes the excavation and mapping of the remaining foundations, an analysis of artifacts relevant to the material history of the city, and a multi-faceted study of the bricks used in the initial construction and later renovations.}, author = {Crocker, Rod} } @Conference Paper {10490, title = {Genetic and osteometric characterization of the Tahltan Bear Dog}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Tahltan Bear dog was an indigenous breed kept by the Tahltan First Nation of northwestern British Columbia. This small black and white dog was used to track and hold at bay the black and grizzly bears hunted by their Tahltan masters. The Tahltan Bear dog was designated a distinct breed by the Canadian Kennel Club in 1942 and forty years later, officially declared extinct. As part of a larger study to examine the genetic relationships of Northwest coast aboriginal dogs to modern dogs and wolves, several specimens of Tahltan Bear Dog skins archived at the Royal B.C. Museum in Victoria were sampled. All specimens were collected around the 1940{\textquoteright}s and include skins as well as some skeletal remains. mtDNA analysis indicate these animals were indeed aboriginal dogs, although (as for all other breeds), no exclusively Tahltan genetic signature was detected. Osteometric analysis indicates the Tahltan was smaller than other aboriginal North American dogs, perhaps smaller than any other unimproved dog types anywhere. The data presented here adds significantly to the total body of knowledge regarding this breed, which until now encompassed only ethnographic descriptions and a few photographs from the 1900{\textquoteright}s. Since no archaeological remains of this animal have yet been found, there has been no way to document its history before the mid 1800{\textquoteright}s. Should any remains be found in the future, however, these data will be indispensable.}, author = {Crockford, Susan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9147, title = {Global Archaeological Theory: Contextual Voices and Contemporary Thoughts}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {111-114}, editor = {Andrea M. Cu{\'e}llar} } @Conference Paper {10499, title = {Going Vertical: Linking Broad and Low Level Theory in Canadian Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The critical turn in the social sciences has forced archaeologists to reflect on the theoretical structures they use to interpret the archaeological record. In this paper, I argue that archaeologists need to focus more attention on vertical linkages {\textendash} on the relationships between the high and low level theoretical concepts they use. Through two examples, I demonstrate how untangling these connections can aid on-the-ground research in Canada and allow Canadian archaeologists to contribute more fully to global theoretical debates. First, I will show how Woodland sites from Ontario can be used to address the style debate. Second, I will suggest that last years CAA session, Who{\textquoteright}s Asking the Questions? New Directions and Uses for Canadian Archaeology {\textendash} Part I, demonstrates both the importance and the limits of the postprocessual critique.}, author = {Cunningham, Jerimy} } @Conference Paper {10546, title = {Good Fences Make Good Neighbours Understanding the Spatial Logic of Hunter-Gatherer Residence Patterning}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Over the past several decades, the spatial organization of hunter-gatherer sites has been a subject of immense interest to many archaeologists. Differing economic strategies (communal versus individual hunting, gathering, processing) are often presented as determining how living space is organized within hunter-gatherer sites. In addition, social factors like intra-household sharing, and relatedness, have also been suggested as determinants for residence arrangement and spacing. The notion by Yellen (1977) and Whitelaw (1983) that hunter-gatherers map their economic and social relations in space suggests that groups characterized by dissimilar economic and social relations might organize space in distinctive ways. This idea is pursued via the recent analysis of site plans associated with three hunter-gatherer groups characterized by differing economic and social relations; the prehistoric Thule of the eastern and central Canadian Arctic, the Dobe! Kung of the western Kalahari, and the Tyua of the eastern Kalahari. The residence patterns of each group are analyzed using network analysis, and the results presented.}, author = {Dawson, Peter} } @article {9564, title = {The GhGk{\textendash}63 Site: A Dorset Occupation in Southeastern Hudson Bay, Nunavik}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {075-099}, abstract = {

Harpoon head seriation provides the only reference typology available for the Dorset period, with lithic tools still awaiting a formal typology. Cultural attributions have been dependent on absolute dating when diagnostic artifacts such as harpoon heads are absent. A study of the lithic collection from site GhGk-63 has led us to question the validity of those typological data that serve as the basis for cultural affiliations for the late Palaeoeskimo period in the Arctic. We propose a new approach to the study of lithic industries in the Arctic that employs the analysis of lithic technology as it has been developed in France. Our purpose in this paper is to evaluate the utility of this analytical approach to Palaeoeskimo lithic assemblages by employing it in our analysis of the collection recovered from GhGk-63. The results point to its relevance for the characterization of lithic production during the Middle Dorset, and to its potential contribution to comparative studies.

}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10599, title = {A gendered view of the landscape (A.D. 500-1200)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper details a landscape archaeology approach explaining the transition from Middle Woodland to Princess Point to Early Ontario Iroquoian settlement systems in southern Ontario circa A.D. 500-1200. This cultural transition zone is manifest both temporally and spatially, representing a zone of ideological and social {\textquoteright}boundaries{\textquoteright} demonstrated by landscape analyses. The argument is made that a gender group, of which women were the large majority, was instrumental in the selection of settlement locations during the Princess Point period - a period of significant horticultural and settlement transition. This is reflected in the archaeological record through operational and cognised modelling of the interrelationships between gender, mobility, subsistence and settlement patterning through space and time. The result of this research provides archaeological evidence, supported by ethnographic accounts, of a gendered view of the landscape.}, author = {Dieterman, Frank} } @Conference Paper {10636, title = {Glacial Limits of Yukon Territory, Northwest Canada}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Yukon Territory contains a complex record of multiple glaciations and ice sources dating from Pliocene to Late Pleistocene (Yakataga Formation,4.2- 4.7 Ma). The oldest glaciations are recorded only in southwest Yukon, and are correlative to those documented in southeast Alaska. These events ultimately relate to uplift of the coastal mountains beginning ca. 4 Ma and climatic cooling at about 10 Ma. Glaciation followed regional erosion and renewed uplift. The earliest glaciation of west-central Yukon occurred between 2.6 and 2.9 Ma, forming a continuous carapace of ice connecting all the mountain ranges except a small part of the Dawson Range,which remained free of ice. This first glaciation was also the most extensive to occur in the region, and resulted in the Yukon River being diverted northwest into Alaska by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. A series of glaciations extending from Mid Pliocene-Early Pleistocene have been documented in the stratigraphy of the Tintina Trench, north of Dawson. The limits of all of these glaciations have been mapped on the basis of glacial landforms and the distribution of erratics. Although morphological features of the older glaciations (Pliocene to Early Pleistocene) are generally not well preserved, there is relatively good control on the distribution of glacial erratics related to these events. Morphological evidence of glacial limits for the last two Cordilleran glaciations (Middle and Late Pleistocene) are well defined in most areas, with those of the Late Pleistocene having the sharpest features. Continental (Laurentide) ice only reached the Yukon ca. 30 ka BP, with associated features and limits also well defined. The Laurentide Ice Sheet occupied the eastern and northern slopes and foothills of the northern Cordillera as well as the Mackenzie Delta area, extending along the Yukon Coastal Plain to the vicinity of Herschel Island. Retreat from this ice limit integrated all the drainages of the eastern flanks of the northern Cordillera to form the Mackenzie River, the largest glacially-diverted river system in the world.}, author = {DUK-RODKIN, A.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9116, title = {Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {258-260}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10668, title = {THE GLENROSE CANNERY WET SITE: 4,500 YEAR OLD PERISHABLES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A woven strap from the beach in front of the Glenrose Archaeological Site, near the mouth of the Fraser River, B.C., was seized from a private collector by the R.C.M.P. and the B.C. Archaeology Branch. The artifact was radiocarbon dated to 4000 B.P., making it the oldest perishable artifact from the Northwest Coast. A Millennia Research crew under the direction of the author subsequently tested the intertidal area to determine the limits and content of the waterlogged component on behalf of the Archaeology Branch. Major excavations at Glenrose were undertaken in the early 1970s by SFU and UBC. The Mercury series site report has been among the standard references for the culture area since that time. Three components were recovered from the upland portion of the site: the Old Cordilleran (8150-5700 B.P.); the St. Mungo (4300-3300 B.P.); and the Marpole (2300-2000 B.P.). No waterlogged materials were encountered during these earlier excavations, however. In 1990, waterlogged cultural materials were found along 250m of beach. Test excavations found the rocky beach surface to be lag apparently collapsed from washed-away shell midden strata. Under the surface were alternating layers of culturally sterile compact silty clay and sandy shell hash. The shell hash contained large quantities of mussel and clam, salmon, flatfish, and sturgeon bone, fire-altered rock, and lithic debitage. Also included were mammal bone and antler, faunal remains and tools, and vegetable materials including perishable artifacts. The last include basketry, a carved wooden tray, a wooden wedge, cordage, detritus, and hundreds of wooden stakes. This assemblage is the oldest waterlogged collection from the Northwest Coast, dated by six radiocarbon dates to between 3950{\textpm}60 and 4590{\textpm}50 B.P. Basketry items are of particular interest due to their sensitivity to cultural processes. Northwest Coast baskets show very strong traditions through thousands of years within ethnic areas, and continued differences between ethnic areas. The seven basketry fragments from Glenrose are mostly beautifully made, with care evident in the close, even spacing, and the closely matched materials. These is a strong emphasis on wrapping techniques (as distinct from plaiting, twining, or coiling). One example has a unique weaving variant, consisting of doubled warps staggered on the inside and outside of a passive weft bound by a single wrapping weft with a consistent up-to-the-right slant. The wrapping technique is generaby associated with Wakashan heavy-duty carrying baskets, although ethnographic Salish made and used similar baskets. Although the basketry from the Glenrose site is generaly similar to these historic Wakashan baskets, there are differences, and some details are similar to 2,000 year-old baskets from Coast Salish territory. Although the sample is too small to make statements about potential ethnic connections with any confidence, the possibility exists of ancestral connections to both the Salish and Wakashan speaking groups. The hundreds of stakes arranged in oblique rows along the riverbank are probably the remains of fish weirs and traps. This interpretation is supported by the huge number of salmon bones in the shell hash layers. The inference is that intensive salmon harvesting, processing and storage were well established at the mouth of the Fraser River by 4600 B.P. Added to other data, it appears that many of the components of Northwest Coast Culture, including massive architecture, wealth accumulation, hereditary status, and ranking were in place by this early date.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9119, title = {Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {326-329}, editor = {Christopher Ellis} } @Conference Paper {10722, title = {GIS on the Local Level: A Study on Methodologies and Results from a Stone Circle Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Although GIS has now come into its own for large scale modelling and site management purposes its application to smaller site specific applications has not been generally recognized. This paper examines the use of GIS techniques through the use of ArcView and related software to a specific archaeological site, the Pawson Site (DgMr-152), a large stone circle site located south of Estevan, Saskatchewan. The various problems of data recovery and recording are examined, current results are reviewed, and recommendations for such small-scale future GIS projects are offered.}, author = {FERRIS, Bill} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9222, title = {Glass Beads}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {104-108}, editor = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11940, title = {Giant Sloths and Sabertooth Cats: Extinct Mammals and the Archaeology of the Ice Age Great Basin}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {277-278}, editor = {Lawrence Jackson} } @article {9616, title = {A Gendered Review of the CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION BULLETIN (1969{\textendash}1976) and THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY (1977{\textendash}1993): The First Twenty-Five Years}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {061-078}, abstract = {

The representation of female archaeologists within the Canadian Archaeological Association Bulletin (1969-1976), the Canadian Journal of Archaeology (1977-1993), and within the CJA and CAA hierarchy, is reviewed for the last twenty-five years. A critical, post-processual approach is employed to evaluate female contributions as authors, book reviewers, book reviewees, and Executive and Editorial officers within the CAA and CJA. The data are reviewed from temporal, geographical, and topical research perspectives and then compared to similar reviews conducted within North American anthropological and archaeological journals. An overall increase in female representation within the CAAB/CJA and the CAA Executive is noted through time. Definite variability in female representation is also seen from a geographical research perspective during the period under review. The topical research patterns observed in this review also appear similar to patterns identified in other North American archaeological reviews. It is suggested that this increase in female representation, most notably during the last five years (1988-1993), may be a reflection of the increased presence of female \&$\#$39;academic gate-keepers\&$\#$39; within the Canadian archaeological community.

}, author = {Martin James Handly} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9130, title = {Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {131-134}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13190, title = {Goddard: A Prehistoric Village Site on Blue Hill Bay, Maine~}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {133-134}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.133}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9076, title = {Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {318-320}, editor = {Jason Jeandron} } @article {9654, title = {Geoarchaeological Investigations at Two Intermediate Indian Sites near Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador: Implications for Late Holocene Paleoshoreline Reconstruction and Settlement Patterning in Western Hamilton Inlet}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {92-114}, abstract = {

This paper presents the results of geoarchaeological investigations conducted at two Intermediate Indian sites (ca. 3500\–2000 B.P.) near Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador. Micromorphology\—the study of undisturbed soil and sediment in thin section\—was the principal technique used to investigate sedimentologic and pedologic processes affecting the sites. Grain-size analysis of bulk sediment samples was also employed to support the micromorphology. Variations in soil particle size and particle sorting between the two sites evince deposition under distinctly different environmental energy regimes. Thin sections from the Ushpitun 2 site (FhCb\–04) reveal a well-developed soil (Humo-Ferric Podzol) comprised of moderately to poorly sorted, predominantly coarse sand-size, mono- and polymineralic grains. Samples from the Pmiusiku 1 site (FhCc\–01) are composed of well sorted, fine sand-size, mono- and polymineralic grains. Here, the Humo-Ferric Podzol is less well-expressed. The poorer sorting and larger particle sizes at the Ushpitun 2 site suggest that these sediments were deposited in a turbulent, high energy environment. The better sorting and finer particle sizes exhibited by the Pmiusiku 1 sediments indicate deposition under a more stable, lower-energy, depositional regime. This study?s findings support previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions for Hamilton Inlet, specifically the location of each site with respect to the 3000 B.P. paleoshoreline. At that time, the Ushpitun 2 site would have been located along the shoreline of a small island at the head of the emerging Goose Bay peninsula (a high energy environment), whereas the Pmiusiku 1 site would have been sheltered near the center of the peninsula (a much lower energy environment).

}, author = {Richard L. Josephs and Scott W. Neilsen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9084, title = {A Greenville Burial Ground: Human Remains and Mortuary Elements in British Columbia Coast Prehistory}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {170-173}, editor = {M. Anne Katzenberg} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9446, title = {The Gowen Sites: Cultural Responses to Climatic Warming on the Northern Plains (7500{\textendash}5000 B.P.)}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {155-156}, editor = {Brian Kooyman} } @inbook {11021, title = {Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Oral History Project}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {5-13}, abstract = {The Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Oral History Project concentrated its efforts in gathering traditional knowledge place names, trail systems, and stories associated with both of these held by Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Elders. This information was found to be rich in colour and texture, but rapidly fading with the passing of individual Elders. The data will be used in a number of ways to increase an awareness of and an appreciation for the cultural heritage of the Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in by archaeologists, anthropologists, local communities and the Gwich{\textquoteright}in Tribal Council.}, author = {Ingrid Kritsch and Alestine Andre and Bart Kreps}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9678, title = {A Groswater Palaeoeskimo Component at the Dorset Palaeoeskimo Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden Site, Port au Choix, Northwestern Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {311-336}, abstract = {

This paper describes the Groswater tool assemblage present in the Dorset Palaeoeskimo site of Phillip\’s Garden (EeBi-1), Port au Choix, Newfoundland. To explain Groswater presence at the site, six tool categories are quantitatively and qualitatively examined and compared to tool assemblages from two adjacent Groswater sites, Phillip\’s Garden East (EeBi-1) and Phillip\’s Garden West (EeBi-11). Five models are tested to assess the relationship amongst these three sites. It is concluded that the Groswater component at Phillip\’s Garden primarily represents an extension of the Groswater occupation at Phillip\’s Garden West. We argue that Phillip\’s Garden was a particularly suitable location for landing harp seals whose carcasses were then reduced into transportable meat packages destined for Phillip\’s Garden West.

}, author = {Dominique Lavers and Renouf, M.A.P.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9132, title = {A Guide to Basic Archaeological Field Procedures}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {167-168}, editor = {Timothy C. Losey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9003, title = {Gender and the Archaeology of Death}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {340-343}, editor = {Diane Lyons} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9131, title = {Gifts from the Ancestors: Ancient Ivories of the Bering Strait}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {194-198}, editor = {Ian J. MacRae} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9278, title = {The Garden Site: a Historical and Archaeological Study of a Nineteenth Century Metis Farmstead}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {197-198}, editor = {Gregory G. Monks} } @article {9775, title = {Geochemical Characterization of Alleged Mallorytown Glass (c. 1839{\textendash}40) in the Royal Ontario Museum and Its Distinction from Contemporary Upstate New York Glassware}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {287-308}, abstract = {

Chemical analysis shows that several of the alleged Mallorytown glass pitchers, bowls, and tumblers in the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) have distinctive potassic soda-lime (K+Na+Ca-rich) compositions that resemble waste glass from the factory site, thereby supporting their attribution to this, the first-known Canadian glassworks. The composition of one object in particular, the Burnham\&$\#$39; bowl, so closely resembles this waste glass that it can now be considered to be an authenticated Mallorytown artifact. Although potassic soda-lime cullet and waste glass have also been recovered from the contemporary Redford and Redwood glassworks in upstate New York, their compositions tend to differ both from one another and from Mallorytown glass. Some of the cullet associated with these glassworks, however, consists of low-K soda-lime glass, and at Redwood, this was used to make window panes and, on an ad hoc basis, tableware. In addition, some shaped low-K glass objects were recovered from the Mallorytown site, suggesting that this type of glass might also have been used to make tableware such as one of the alleged Mallorytown pitchers in the ROM\&$\#$39;s collection. Based on its composition, however, it seems likely that this particular pitcher was made at Redwood. \&$\#$39;

}, author = {J. Victor Owen} } @article {9774, title = {Geochemical and Mineralogical Constraints on the Provenance of L{\textquoteright}sitkuk Bear River Pottery from the Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {076-105}, abstract = {

Seven sherds of ancestral (Woodland Period) Mi\’kmaq pottery excavated from L\’sitkuk Bear River (\“LBR\”; Borden number BdDk-1) and sediments from the Annapolis Basin, its tributaries, and elsewhere in southwestern Nova Scotia are chemically analyzed. The goal of this investigation is to (1) compositionally characterize these ceramic wares, and (2) identify the source of the raw materials used in their manufacture to confirm that these ceramic artifacts were produced near to where they were found. The results identified two compositional groupings of pottery and one outlier sample. One group (Group A) is enriched in diverse trace elements (notably the Rare Earth Elements and some high field-strength elements) that exploratory statistics (multidimensional scaling) indicate are geochemically linked to sand and the most Al-rich clays from the Annapolis Basin/Bear River area as well as disaggregated biotite granodiorite derived from Devonian plutons cropping out inland. Sherds with lower concentrations of these trace elements (Group B) are linked to clays along the Annapolis River, and are depleted in granodiorite constituents. The outlier has a composition similar to Group B sherds but contains some distinct temper grains (e.g., Mg-rich biotite). The trace element signature of LBR pottery is largely controlled by accessory minerals, notably phosphates such as monazite that originate at least in part in the granodiorite. The granodiorite temper grains in the potsherds more clearly link these ceramics to this area than the other materials used in their production. Although recognized as an important trade and meeting site with a continuous cultural sequence between ca. 2150 and ca.\ 950 B.P., the analytical data reported here suggest that LBR pottery, including the anomalous sample, were produced domestically, and that the ancestral Mi\’kmaq potters were highly selective in choosing the raw materials they used to make their wares.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and Dorota Forfa and John D. Greenough} } @article {11244, title = {Geochemistry of Pre-Contact Potsherds from Southern Mainland Nova Scotia: Constraints on Pottery Pathways}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {231-267}, abstract = {

The mineralogy and bulk chemical compositions of 33 potsherds (14 shell-tempered, 19 grit-tempered) and local sediments (sand and clay, where present) from six pre-contact Mi{\textquoteright}kmaw sites across southern mainland Nova Scotia were determined, and are compared to samples from a long-used aboriginal site (BdDk-1) near the mouth of Bear River, in the Annapolis Basin. The immediate area around four of these sites (at Brighton, Port Joli, Wynacht Cove and Frost Fish Cove), all coastal, lack surface clay deposits, but good-quality clay is abundant in areas once overlain by glacial lakes. These include the two inland localities (at Enfield and Melanson) and the Annapolis Basin. Grit temper is dominated by the mineralogical constituents of biotite granodiorite found near Bear River. Muscovite is virtually absent, precluding the use of two-mica monzogranite as temper. The mineralogical criteria linking grit-tempered sherds to the Bear River area are supported by statistical analysis of bulk compositional data for the sample suite. Shell-tempered samples lack granodiorite clasts, so are compositionally distinct except where calcium-poor (i.e., contain little shell material). Those from Bear River overlap the compositions of shell-tempered samples from the sites along the Atlantic coast, suggesting a common origin. We postulate that pottery from the Annapolis Basin was distributed to other sites in the province via navigable waterways.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and John D. Greenough and Megan Himmelman and Stephen T. Powell} } @article {12780, title = {A GIS Analysis of Intra-Site Spatial Patterning at the Early Paleoindian Mt.~Albion West Site (AhGw-131)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {222{\textendash}252 }, abstract = {

The Mt. Albion West (AhGw-131) Early Paleoindian site is one of only a handful of Late Pleistocene sites in Ontario. Excavated by Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) between 1998 and 2004, the site is situated adjacent to the Red Hill valley on the Niagara Escarpment in Hamilton, Ontario. The project yielded detailed analyses concerning the tools and debitage recovered from the four discrete artifact concentration areas at this site in addition to a brief assessment of potentially significant intra-site patterning within one locus. In this paper, the four activity areas from Mt. Albion West are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate these spatial relationships with an eye toward interpreting the duration and frequency of the site{\textquoteright}s occupation(s) as well as its function(s) within the broader Gainey settlement system.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.222}, author = {Amelia K. Pilon and Christopher M. Watts} } @inbook {11009, title = {Geomorphology as an Aid to Mapping Archaeological Resources in NOGAP Areas}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {55-63}, abstract = {By incorporating air photo and surficial geology map interpretations, terrain units are defined. Landscape units combine terrain units and other physical parameters, such as drainage, presence of permafrost, etc., which are thought to affect archaeological potential. Finally, landscape categories based on geomorphology in conjunction with position or geographic location allow for an effective means of classifying the archaeological potential of large areas of landscape.}, author = {Vern N. Rampton}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9816, title = {A Geospatial Analysis of Toolstone Acquisition and Use: A Preliminary Investigation of Material Quality and Access Over 4,000 Years in the Salish Sea}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {371-393}, abstract = {

The importance of resource acquisition on the Northwest Coast has received increasing attention in the development of models of social inequality. Moving the discussion beyond faunal and plant resources, we propose that toolstone may also be viewed as a critical resource tied to daily practices impacted by resource territoriality. The limited distribution of high quality lithic materials, in addition to heavy retouch and reuse in formed tools, may reflect an increasingly territorialized or restricted resource use through time. A material quality index (MQI) is used to assess toolstone from 16 sites in the Salish Sea over the past 4,000 years. Material quality data are then compared to measures of tool curation, the degree of artifact retouch and reuse. The data suggest that control over resources plays an indirect role in the patterning of utilized toolstone and the degree of retouch of formed chipped and ground stone tools in the region.

}, author = {Adam N. Rorabaugh and Caitlyn Y. McNabb} } @article {9640, title = {Geoarchaeological Contributions to SCAPE Research in the Glacial Lake Hind Basin, Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {222-250}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to present a chronology of geoarchaeological contributions to SCAPE investigations conducted within the glacial Lake Hind Basin located in southwestern Manitoba. Initial investigations focused on determining the age of parabolic dunes that dominate the modern Makotchi-Ded-Dontipi dune field landscape. Results of this phase of the investigation demonstrated that these dunes are late-Holocene and that the spatial pattern of archaeological sites within this dune field is indicative of a purposeful settlement pattern. Results of subsequent research produced a basin-wide model for local water table fluctuation-eolian landscape response linked to regional-scale paleoenvironmental change; determined that all dune fields within the basin are late-Holocene; and demonstrated that these ecologically complex dune field landscapes dependably provided water and a variety resources that made them attractive to past human groups. Future research will focus on identifying the degree to which these landscapes are the result of human activity.

}, author = {Garry Running IV and Karen Havholm and Matthew Boyd and Dion Wiseman} } @article {9825, title = {Gilman Falls Site: Implications for the Early and Middle Archaic of the Maritime Peninsula}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {007-028}, abstract = {

Between 1985 and 1993 a great deal of new data on the Early and Middle Archaic of Maine has been published. The information has implications for the Maritime Peninsula region as a whole. One of the recently analyzed sites is the Gilman Falls site, located on the Stillwater River, Maine. Zone 3 at the site is a Middle Archaic quarry and workshop that features the extraction of local metamorphic bedrock and its manufacture into numerous rods and other artifacts. Unlike some other sites of comparable age, Gilman Falls Zone 3 has an artifact assemblage that permits better use of negative evidence and the recognition of artifact classes that might go unnoticed in smaller collections. The demise of the low population model for the Early and Middle Archaic, and the recognition of a distinctive lithic technology, requires a re-examination of existing Archaic culture types for the Maritime Peninsula region.

}, author = {David Sanger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9393, title = {The Goddess and the Bull; {\c C}atalh{\"o}y{\"u}k: An Archaeological Journey to the Dawn of Civilization}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {280-283}, editor = {Rick Schulting} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9437, title = {The Grimsby Site: A Historic Neutral Cemetery}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {071-073}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @article {9885, title = {Geoarchaeological Investigations of the Age and Context of the Stalker (Taber Child) Site, DlPa 4, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {179-207}, abstract = {

Detailed archaeological excavations were carried out in 1978 and 1979 at the Stalker Site (DlPa-4), north of Taber, Alberta. Their purpose was to clarify the stratigraphic sequence at the site, to evaluate the probable context of the human remains, and to search for additional human or faunal remains. The Quaternary deposits exposed included tills, intertill sands, ice-contact lacustrine deposits, Holocene slope deposits, and mudflow deposits. Slope retreat in recent years has not been as extensive at the site as originally believed, and Holocene deposits from an earlier gully cycle were identified. Diamictons that initially appeared to be till blocks in the orange intertill sands proved upon excavation to be Holocene mudflows, and contained bones (bison and jackrabbit). Bones of these species and pronghorn antelope were also recovered from Holocene slope deposits. Sediment samples from various units and from the Taber Child specimen were subjected to semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction spectrometry and percentage compositions of major mineral constituents were compared. The Taber Child matrix was diamictic and did not closely resemble sediment samples from the orange (rusty) intertill sands formerly thought to be the deposit of origin. Closer resemblances were noted with other deposits, including the Holocene mudflows. Given the presence of mudflow deposits within about one metre of the estimated discovery point, it is concluded that the Taber Child specimen could reasonably have come from Holocene deposits at the site. Cementation of matrix around the fossil was due to seepage at the site and is not an indicator of great antiquity.

}, author = {Michael Clayton Wilson and David W. Harvey and Richard G. Forbis} }