@Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9085, title = {An Earlier Population of Hesquiat Harbour, British Columbia}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {248-250}, author = {Cybulski} } @Symposium Papers {10957, title = {Early Cultural Complexes on the Northern Northwest Coast}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {195-209}, abstract = {The occupation of the northern sector of the Northwest Coast during the Early Period (circa 10,000-5,000 BP) is represented by a scattering of sites on the mainland and the off shore islands of the Alexander Archipelago. Definition of the cultural phase (s) is thus far limited to lithic inventories. Information, thus far available, indicates a considerable amount of contact among groups on the coast and continuing relations with interior groups on the mainland. Characterization of the coastal adaptations during this time period will be based mainly on data from archaeological and geological investigations, and from radiocarbon dating of sites in the Icy Strait-Lynn Canal region.}, author = {R.E. Ackerman and T.D. Hamilton and R. Stuckenrath} } @Conference Paper {9958, title = {Ethnoarchaeological investigations of Tahltan fish camps on the Stikine River, northern British Columbia}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Through the combined use of ethnographic information and archaeological data it has been possible to reconstruct the behavioral patterns related to the formation of prehistoric fishing sites on the Upper Stikine River. In the yearly round of seasonal activities traditionally engaged in by the Tahltan people, Summer fishing villages located along major salmon producing streams were occupied for longer periods of time, by larger groups of people, than other seasonally occupied sites. The intensity and range of activities carried out at these sites render them more visible in terms of archaeological remains. A thorough understanding of the behavioural processes involved in the formation of these sites is considered essential for interpreting their significance within the overall pattern of subsistence strategies and reconstructing cultural history in this area.}, author = {Albright, S.} } @Conference Paper {9959, title = {Exploring Evidence of Womens Rituals and Ceremonies in the Thompson River Region of British Columbia}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper explores the archaeological evidence for women{\textquoteright}s life cycle rituals and ceremonies among the Nlaka{\textquoteright}pamux, based on archaeological and ethnographic data from the Thompson River Region of British Columbia. Research indicates that there are distinct differences between men{\textquoteright}s and women{\textquoteright}s ritual sites in terms of site locations, material evidence and images produced on pictograph panels.}, author = {Albright, Sylvia} } @Conference Paper {10011, title = {Early Holocene landscapes on the North Coast of BC}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The recent discovery of a raised beach deposit at Port Simpson on the north coast of B.C. provides some new information on changes in sea level during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. This paper describes the new evidence and places it within the existing sea level chronology for the Prince Rupert area. The implications for early human settlement in the area are then briefly examined.}, author = {ARCHER, D.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9110, title = {The Eskimos and Aleuts}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {245-246}, editor = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10018, title = {An Early Thule Archaeological Site on Banks Island, N.W.T.}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In an article published in 1963, William Taylor presented a series of linked hypotheses on the origin of the Canadian Thule culture. The central idea expressed in these hypotheses was that Thule did not appear full-blown in the Canadian Arctic, but instead developed out of an earlier Birnirk phase that had extended along the Beaufort Sea coast as far as Amundsen Gulf by A.D. 900. Excavations on southem Banks Island carried out in 1980 and 1981 provided evidence which supports this idea. This paper examines the archaeological evidence from the Nelson River site, with particular emphasis on the technological repertory represented by the artifact assemblage.}, author = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10043, title = {Electromagnetic Ground Conductivity at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s-Middlechurch: A Heritage Resource Management Study in a Historic Cemetery}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Archaeological applications for electromagnetic ground conductivity survey were presented by the authors at the 24th Annual Conference in St. John{\textquoteright}s, Newfoundland. At that time, the results and preliminary conclusions from studies at three historic cemeteries in southern Manitoba were discussed. Historic Resources Branch archaeologists have been able to test the validity of their interpretations of the electromagnetic ground conductivity survey data at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s-Middlechurch Cemetery. The estimated 650 burials at this Anglican church cemetery located north of Winnipeg, Manitoba, date from ca. 1850 to the present. Investigations have combined archival research, electromagnetic ground conductivity survey and archaeological excavation to produce locational information for unmarked grave sites.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M. and K. David McLeod} } @article {9493, title = {An Empirical Study of Probability Sampling Design}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {105-123}, abstract = {

This paper presents preliminary results of an empirical study of probability sampling designs based on the study of seven attributes of collared rimsherds from six totally or almost totally excavated middens investigated during the 1975 rescue excavations at the Draper site. The results of this study suggest that the current practice of arbitrary selections of sampling designs and sampling fractions are inappropriate and recommendations for a more appropriate method of selecting sampling designs and fraction are presented.

}, author = {David R. Bellhouse and William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10110, title = {The Evolution of Archaeology in British Columbia: an Industrial User{\textquoteright}s Perspective}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Archaeology and the forest industry in BC were rapidly forced together by legislation in the mid 90{\textquoteright}s. The Forest Practices Code requires forest companies to search out and secure the services of archaeologists to ensure operations (harvesting and silviculture) are carried out in a manner that will avoid damage or uncontrolled alteration of cultural sites. Methodologies, standard practices, relations with local First Nations, and corresponding costs have varied substantially from project to project and from Archaeologist to Archaeologist. To meet legislative requirements, forest companies have been forced to accept these variations in order to continue to service the timber requirements of the various facilities. Legislative accreditation ensures membership standards (academic and practical experience) code of conduct, client responsibility, and appropriate discipline procedures. The end result would be a more cost-effective and professional service that would meet the needs of the client and local First Nations groups, and would protect important cultural resources.}, author = {Bennett, Brad} } @Conference Paper {10126, title = {{\'e}volution des {\'e}conomies de subsistance inuites dans le delta du Mackenzie, Territoires du Nord-Ouest}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Matthew Betts and T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10130, title = {An Evaluation of Radiocarbon Analysis of Organic Tempering Agents in Ceramics}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {With the advent of the AMS approach to Radiocarbon dating in which individual atoms are counted, a great many more items became dating candidates as only milligram size samples were required. The Radiocarbon analysis of ceramic materials was high on this list and the success of the analysis of charred food remains in pottery is well documented. However, the analysis of organic tempering agents in ceramic materials has been plagued by many difficulties which are not immediately apparent to the analyst. This talk will discuss why these difficulties are intrinsic to the material, based on case histories of a variety of samples.}, author = {BEUKENS, Roelf} } @Conference Paper {10177, title = {Explaining Prehistoric Activity Location in Northern Ontario}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper presents the preliminary results of a research project developing models of prehistoric land use. It stems from an associated research project where predictive models of prehistoric activity locations are being developed in an area of northern Ontario. Presently, the Centre for Archaeological Resource Prediction (CARP) at Lakehead University is conducting the research for this predictive modelling project where the development of predictive models of prehistoric activity location is the predominant research focus of this projet. These models however allow other aspects of prehistoric archaeological research to be investigated. While a predictive model of prehistoric activity location is a useful device for identifying potential archaeological sites, the methodology employed to develop a model can also be used to generate explanations why sites are located where they are. Previous archaeological research in the Black Sturgeon Lake area of northern Ontario has resulted in the identification of numerous archaeological sites ranging in age from historic to late Palaeo-Indian. Presently, a predictive model of prehistoric activity location is being developed for an area centering on Black Sturgeon Lake. using MAP II, a raster GIS, a 2400 km2 block of land has been digitized to a scale of 30m x 30m. Primary data layers include a digital elevation model, major water resources, minor rivers, minor lakes, and surficial geology. In addition, other data layers are being developed as a result of concurrent research into traditional boreal land uses. By examining the ethnographic and historic literature, many of the traditional uses of the boreal forest are being reconstructed. The different activities conducted by native people and the resources targeted by some of these activities are being translated into digital cartographie data. For example, Rogers (1966) describes the Mistassini Cree as congregating in large groups during the summer. The major activity at the time was fishing and later in the summer, berry collecting. One can confirm associations of existing archaeological sites with good fishing locations (through examination of fish productivity maps available through government agencies). Additionally, favourable berry picking areas can be identified. Blueberries tend to grow in specific areas. One variety can be found in predominantly moist woods, swamps and clearing while another variety grows in open, disturbed clearing. Using a GIS, areas with these characteristics can be identified in the study area and their association site locations can be evaluated. This paper will present the reconstruction of many of these land use activities. It is suggested that in addition to predicting where archaeological sites might be located, it is reasonable to expect that a model of catchment areas can be developed. Correlation of these catchment areas with specific site types may provide insight into the settlement system for the Black Sturgeon Lake area, and by extension the boreal forest north of Lake Superior.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA and Linda Larcombe} } @Conference Paper {10198, title = {Early Archaic Nettling Settlement Patterns in North-Central Ohio}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Since Stan Wortner discovered the Nettling site north of Lake Erie in 1965, extensive survey has shown that initial Early Archaic (ca. 9000 BP) Palmer-like Nettling points occur over an area of about 70,000 km2, centered roughly on modem Lake Erie. Four base camps, each at least as intense as the Nettling site itself, each of which have yielded at least 200 points and 200 endscrapers, have been identified within a 10, 000 km2 tract in north-central Ohio, south of the western end of Lake Erie. They are 1) the Trapp locality at the upper rapids of the Sandusky River, 2) the Chapman locality on the Sandusky River near the mouth of Sycamore Creek, 3) the Demuth locality on the west branch of the Huron River, and 4) the Fulk locality at the Savannah Lakes, a glacial kettle complex at the head of the Vermilion River.}, author = {Bowen, LE.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9375, title = {Eastern Slopes Prehistory. Selected Papers}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {258-264}, editor = {Alan L. Bryan} } @Conference Paper {10254, title = {Evidencefor the Early Settlement of Northwestern North America}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Presence of several Lower Paleolithic sites dated between 200,000 and 500,000 years BP in Siberia suggests that a similar level of technology should be expected in northwestem North America. Dates on wood and bone from Central Alberta indicate that the ice-free corridor was always open before about 22,000 but closed until about 11,600 BP; the Northwest Coast was also heavily glaciated during that period, but could easily have been traversed before then. Native oral histories suggest that people occupied the region when it was more glaciated; perhaps in refugia. Many geneticists agree that the great diversity of mtDNA lineages indicates that initial occupation occurred soinetime before 20,000 BR. Some linguists have proposed that the great linguistic diversity in the American suggests an antiquity of 40,000 years. But archaeologists have the most reliable clock. Artifact assemblages lacking bifacial projectile points have been reported froin deeply buried geological contexts dated between 30,000 and 14,000 BP in Yukon, Alberta and Nebraska. Now is the time to embark on a concerted search for more early sites, and this quest should incorporate new approaches, such as human hair, which is datable and can provide ancient DNA.}, author = {BRYAN, Alan} } @Conference Paper {10266, title = {An Experimental Evaluation of the Degradation of Lithic Artefacts}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Lithic artefacts recovered from intertidal and subtidal excavations range in integrity. This range includes unequivocal flaked and ground stone tools, clearly eroded lithics (which nevertheless demonstrate enough characteristic features to be categorized as artefacts), and ambiguous forms which are reminiscent of lithic artefacts in their general shape, size and contour, but which cannot by themselves be said to carry any indisputabe evidence of human alteration. This range of unequivocal to ambiguous is entirely expected within fluvial environments, but what we lack are any precise measurements or analogies which might aid us in determining if the {\textquoteright}reminiscent{\textquoteright} features we find on the highly eroded {\textquoteright}artefacts{\textquoteright} are demonstrably expected features. This paper will discuss issues surrounding the identification of highly eroded lithics, and explore the results of the experimental evaluation conducted as part of this research project.}, author = {Bulbrook, Elizabeth} } @Conference Paper {10268, title = {Examining the Framework for Gender Assumptions in Prehistoric Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper examines the frameworks that have traditionally supported assumptions, and interpretations regarding gender in prehistoric slavery on the coast of British Columbia. It uses a hybrid of ethnohistoric and archaeological data to examine the construction of gender analysis in two specific contexts. The first is how (and if) gender was a significant element of prehistoric slavery. The second is how archaeologists interpret gender into reconstructions of prehistoric coastal slavery. The main theme of this paper is to examine how and why interpretations of burial populations have incorporated gender-based assumptions of slavery into their analysis. It also discusses the potential theoretical difficulties in creating such assumptions which can potentially limit the threshold of burial data analysis in relation to not only social and gender roles, but also in the understanding of the identity of the original population in relation to status and rank. A set of criteria will be discussed which will assist in developing a model for the interpretation of gender and status in Northwest coast burials.}, author = {Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10293, title = {Early Archaic Site Clusters: The Problems of Identification and Interpretation}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Clusters of Paleoindian (Fluted Point Horizon) sites have become an accepted part of the late Pleistocene landscape. Over the last decade or so, similar clusters of Early Archaic (Corner-Notched Point Horizon) sites have been discovered as a result of CRM activities across southern Ontario. In this paper, the characteristics of these site clusters will be discussed as well as some possible interpretations based on the literature of ethnographically documented hunter/gatherer settlement patterns.}, author = {Jeffrey A. Bursey} } @article {9518, title = {Exploring Soilscapes and Places Inside Labrador Inuit Winter Dwellings}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {055-085}, abstract = {

Inuit people have interacted with northern Labrador\’s landscape in countless ways. This research explored their influence on the element compositions of soils beneath winter dwellings at three settlements. The objectives were to expand the range of element enrichments associated with Inuit dwellings and to consider variations within these enrichments, thereby contributing to reconstructions of how these people used indoor spaces. Six dwellings were sampled using a stratified systematic strategy. Multielement analyses using x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy identified higher concentrations of phosphorus, sulphur, barium, lead, hafnium, caesium, lanthanum, and europium in archaeological samples relative to background samples. These enrichments relate to peoples\’ use of sea mammal oil as lamp fuel, of baleen in sleeping platform construction, of recycled materials for building, and of European goods. Variations in element concentrations between dwellings indicate that cultural soilscapes have potential for identifying processes of stability and change in the use of interior places.

}, author = {Don Butler} } @Conference Paper {10324, title = {{\'e}volution des id{\'e}es en mati{\'e}re d{\textquoteright}histoires arch{\'e}ologiques de la c{\^o}te Nord-Ouest}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10326, title = {ECONOMIC TRANSITIONS ON THE NORTHWEST COAST: THE EVIDENCE FROM NAMU, BRITISH COLUMBIA}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Faunal data from the site of Namu (ElSx-1), on the Central Coast of British Columbia are used to examine the sequence and cause of major transitions in the Northwest Coast economy. The Namu faunal data indicate intensive utilization of salmon and other vertebrate marine resources, the likelihood of semi-sedentary settlement, and the capacity for salmon storage at least 1,000 years before the significant utilization of shellfish begins. The implication is that population growth and a consequent shift to a broader range of marine resources was not due to any major shift in subsistence of settlement pattern. The onset of shell midden formation is associated with the increased production of salmon, which suggests that increased utilization and control of salmon was a necessary cause of population increase and social elaboration.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9062, title = {The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {321-322}, editor = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9058, title = {Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia Before the Last Glacial Maximum}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {296-300}, editor = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Symposium Papers {10965, title = {The Early Period on the Central Coast of British Columbia}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {211-228}, abstract = {Unlike all other periods of Central Coast prehistory, the Early Period is typified by a high frequency of flaked stone tools. These assemblages include tools of diverse types: pebble tools, leaf-shaped bifaces, microblades, macroblades and Levalloisoid flakes and cores. This paper explores the question of the external affinities of these industries, their meaning in terms of way of life during the period, and their potential relationships to linguistic groups of the historic period.}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Symposium Papers {10964, title = {The Early Component at Bear Cove}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {177-194}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10373, title = {An Early Late Woodland Pottery Sequence East of Lac Saint-Pierre : Definition,Chronology and Cultural Affiliation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Quels sont les principaux attributs utilis{\'e}s pour d{\'e}finir la poterie du d{\'e}but du Sylvicole sup{\'e}rieur? Nous examinerons attentivement cette importante question en nous r{\'e}f{\'e}rant {\`a} un ensemble de sites pouvant servir {\`a} {\'e}tablir une s{\'e}quence r{\'e}gionale. Nous {\'e}tudierons {\'e}galement la chronologie de ces sites {\`a} occupations multiples qui soul{\'e}vent la difficult{\'e} d{\textquoteright}associer la poterie {\`a} une tradition particuli{\'e}re. Finalement, en nous appuyant sur une d{\'e}finition pr{\'e}cise et un cadre spatio-temporel ad{\'e}quat, nous porterons notre attention sur la signification culturelle et l{\textquoteright}identification ethnique de cette poterie du Sylvicole sup{\'e}rieur.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10372, title = {An Early Late Woodland Pottery Sequence East of Lac Saint-Pierre : Definition,Chronology and Cultural Affiliation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {What are the specific attributes of the pottery that we can assign to the Early Late Woodland Period? We will address this simple but crucial question with a brief presentation of the sites used to build the regional sequence. The chronological problem will also be discussed since most of the sites which produced these ceramics are multi-component sites. With a clear definition and a reliable spatio-temporal framework, the cultural significance of the Late Woodland pottery will be examined in order to establish its most probable ethnic affiliation.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10369, title = {Eastern Saint Lawrence Iroquoians in the Cap Tourmente Area}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The principal objective of this paper is to present new evidence concerning the Iroquoian occupation of the lowlands east of Quebec City. For the last three years, we have investigated more than twenty prehistoric sites in the Cap Tourmente area but I will concentrate here on eight Late Woodland sites. Most of the Iroquoian sites arc located on the first available terrace emerging from the Saint Lawrence River. The geographical setting of these settlements indicates a pattern of fishing stations regularly distributed on a stretch of 4 km along the lower terrace. The discovery of a small 16th century village, containing at least 4 longhouses, in the same enviromnent as the smaller fishing camps is intriguing. On the basis of this new Iroquoian cluster and its characteristics, we will dis-cuss the settlement pattern and the related adaptive system of these northern farmers.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @article {9527, title = {An Early Human Skeleton from South Central British Columbia: Dietary Inference from Carbon Isotopic Evidence}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {085-086}, author = {Brian S. Chisholm and D. Erle Nelson} } @Conference Paper {10394, title = {The early Holocene in Gwaii Haanas: 4,000 years of technology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The recent excavation of four raised beach sites in Gwaii Haanas, Haida Gwaii produced a large assemblage of lithic tools and debitage dating to between 5000 and 9300 years ago. This new, well-dated data set allows for a more diachronically extensive and culturally detailed interpretation of the human history of Haida Gwaii. This paper will discuss the interaction between these early cultures and their environment as reflected in their tool kits, their preferred manufacturing techniques, and their lithic waste, with the intent of commenting on cultural stability and change in the Early Period/Moresby Tradition of Haida Gwaii.}, author = {CHRISTENSEN, T} } @inbook {11008, title = {Engigstciak Revisited: A Note on Early Holocene AMS Dates from the {\textquoteright}Buffalo Pit{\textquoteright}}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {33-44}, abstract = {Three (accelerator mass spectrometry - AMS) 14C dates on butchered bison bones, together with other available lines of evidence from the lower stratigraphic units of the {\textquoteright}Buffalo Pit {\textquoteright}, at Engigstciak, on the Firth River, northern Yukon, converge to support the notion that a form of bison procurement was being implemented by hunters along portions of the Yukon Coastal Plain between 9 800 and 9 400 B.P., i.e., in early Holocene times. These data allow us to stress the importance of the site in our understanding of cultural history in this region and to contemplate the possibility of investigating further poorly known aspects of cultural adaptive systems in a northwestern Arctic environment shortly after the end of the late glacial.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and C. Richard Harington and D. Erle Nelson and Richard S. MacNeish}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10405, title = {Extending the geographical and implicative ranges of the Nenana Complex. Notes on recent finds from Poulton Station, north-western Ogilvie Mountains}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Located in a rather inaccessible and isolated corner of the Ogilvie Mountains, the Poulton Station site, named after its discoverer, was first located in 1978 and tentatively identified at the time as an extensive chert quarry site, the first of its kind ever found in northern Yukon. In the summer of 1998, a brief re-examination of the site was carried out for the purpose of clarifying this hypothesised {\guillemotleft}quarry {\guillemotright} status, and determining whether or not it was in need of further investigation. In this paper we shall present some of the results of this brief visit, with emphasis on the discovery at the site of a series of lithic elements that are technologically diagnostic of the Late Pleistocene Nenana Complex. Dating back to the early half of the 11th millennium BP, and defined on the basis of assemblages recovered primarily from South Central Alaska, the latter has been viewed by many, over the last few years, as representing the best dated and most archaeologically coherent demonstration of the {\guillemotleft} earliest {\guillemotright} human presence in eastern Beringia, as well as the best and only Beringian link in the Palaeoindian continuum that led to the emergence of Clovis. The discovery of a similar type of manifestation in the north-western Ogilvie Mountains, about 400 kilometres from its eponymous area, together with evidence from other northern Yukon sites, provides us with the means to attempt a critical reassessment of this overly simplistic, Alaska-centred model, and this especially with respect to some of its bio-geographical, chronological, and palaeoenvironmental premises.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Ruth GOTTHARDT} } @Conference Paper {10404, title = {Easternmost Beringian Research: A Visual Chronicle Spanning Over Three Decades}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Being a moderately biased and visually enhanced introductory presentation of some of the most important research projects undertaken, over the last 30-40 years, in the Yukon portion of Eastern Beringia. Emphasis will be placed on the interdisciplinary nature of such activities as well as on the impact some of these studies have had and continue to have on the larger Beringian scene, and beyond.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10415, title = {Environmental Determinism or Cultural Response?: The Role of Earthquakes in Shaping Gulf of Georgia Culture History}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Northwest Coast of North America saw the development of numerous prehistoric complex hunter gatherer groups. This area is also one of the most geologically active areas on the continent. This paper looks to tie the development of culture history to the complex geological history of periodic large scale earthquakes. As the most studied and best understood region of the Northwest Coast, the Gulf of Georgia will serve as an illustrative example of the role of earthquakes in shaping culture change. Seismic events have been discussed in archaeological contexts (Hayden and Ryder 1991, Hutchinson and McMillan 1998, McMillan and Hutchinson 2002) but have not, as of yet, been tied to archaeological theory to create an explanation of culture change. Using extant theory of complex hunter-gatherers this paper will provide a mechanism to link rapid environmental change to rapid cultural change. The timing and magnitude of earthquakes can have significant short- and long-term effects on the environment and those living in it (see Hutchinson and McMillan 1997, Clark 2000 for a discussion). This paper will examine two such events where the cultural response differed dramatically and the resultant culture change went in entirely opposite directions.}, author = {Terence Clark} } @Conference Paper {10418, title = {Early Prehistoric Use of a Flood Scoured Landscape in Northeastern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Golder Associates Ltd. is currently undertaking a multi-stage mitigation program associated with development of the Muskeg River Mine, north of Fort McMurray. The program represents efforts to recover information from a relatively unique distribution of Early and Middle Prehistoric Period sites. This distribution is directly related to a landscape formed in the wake of a glacial lake outwash event that occurred approximately 9,700 years ago. Linear elevated ridges appear to have been used as staging or hunt preparation areas during or after the retreat of glacial lake waters from the flood zone. This area of several square kilometres is thought to have been scoured of vegetation during initial flooding and would have represented a distinctly different, perhaps more productive, ecozone from the surrounding forests over a period that have persisted for approximately 2,000 years. GIS-based models of the terrain have been produced to illustrate alternate use patterns scenarios throughout the region.}, author = {Clarke, Grant and Brian Ronaghan} } @article {9535, title = {{\'E}tranges objets d{\'e}cor{\'e}s des Indiens pr{\'e}historiques du Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {125-130}, abstract = {

Five small engraved pebbles were found out of archaeological context in the village of St-Pierre-les-Becquets, Qu{\'e}bec. The schematic motifs are not unlike some already found on rock art or on other small abjects already published, and the mirror-effect of the drawings was characteristic of local Indians. They might be pieces of an unknown dice game or magical paraphernalia.

}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @Conference Paper {10428, title = {Element Survivorship of Salmo salar}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This investigative taphonomic study explored the role of bone density and pH in the survival of salmon bones. Selected salmon elements were defleshed and subjected to a period of four weeks in four different solutions that ranged from pH 4 to pH 10. The results of the study, although preliminary, indicated that both extremely alkaline and extremely acidic environments were detrimental to element survival. Bone density was not found to correlate significantly with survivorship and no interaction was detected between pH and density. These results yield some interesting findings with respect to Northwest coast sites, as they are typically found in alkaline environments and are often linked with significant salmon use. Further research should be directed towards both acquiring accurate density measurements for the different species of salmon and in conducting more intensive experimental taphonomic studies.}, author = {Ben Collins} } @Conference Paper {10436, title = {An evaluation of the value of total viewshed analysis: an example from Antikythera, Greece}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper explores the contribution of total viewshed analysis for understanding long-term human settlement pattern choices on the island of Antikythera, Greece. A {\textquoteright}viewshed{\textquoteright} is a GISc term that describes the set of locations (grid cells) within a landscape that can be seen from a single observation point. A {\textquoteright}cumulative viewshed{\textquoteright} (Tomlin 1990) is the sum of a set of viewsheds that tells us how many observation points can see each location. A {\textquoteright}total viewshed{\textquoteright} is identical to a cumulative viewshed except that all locations are used as observation points, and thus the end product is a representation of the visual magnitude of each location on the landscape{\textendash}-what Llobera describes as a first description of the visual structure for an entire terrain (Llobera 2003: 34). The essential point in regard to human behaviour, however, is that the visual structure of a landscape has an impact on the human experience, understanding and/or use of that landscape. As the visual structure of a landscape can be modelled using GIS software, it becomes possible to examine empirically the relationship between this structure and the spatio-temporal variability of human activities in that landscape. In this paper I outline the total viewshed analysis of an island in the southern Aegean (Antikythera) for which we have long-term settlement pattern data (over seven millennia) in order to test the hypothesis that the visual characteristics of the landscape had an impact on settlement location.}, author = {James Conolly} } @article {9539, title = {Early Collective Burial Practices in a Complex Wetland Setting: An Interim Report on Mortuary Patterning, Paleodietary Analysis, Zooarchaeology, Material Culture and Radiocarbon Dates from Jacob Island (BcGo-17), Kawartha Lakes, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {106-133}, abstract = {

The emergence of collective burial practices is of central interest to archaeologists interested in understanding the evolution of cooperative corporate group behaviour. We here provide an interim report of our documentation and analysis of one of the earliest known collective burials in south-central Ontario, located in a narrowly circumscribed (0.5 ha) parcel of land on Jacob Island overlooking Pigeon Lake in the Kawartha Lakes district. This paper provides a preliminary overview and summary of the findings to date, focusing on the burial patterns, palaeodietary analysis, material culture characteristics, and chronology. Our work has extended evidence of cemetery burials in southern Ontario back to the fifth millennium B.P., and we show how these practices relate to the better documented mortuary programs of the second and third millennium B.P.

}, author = {James Conolly and Jeffrey Dillane and Kate Dougherty and Kathleen Elaschuk and Kristen Csenkey and Teresa Wagner and Jocelyn Williams} } @Conference Paper {10457, title = {The Effect of Grit Temper upon Native Manitoba Clay}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This study was concerned with the effects of grit tempering upon the plasticity, texture, shrinkage and color of native southern Manitoba clay. Tempering material was obtained from friable granite collected from local archaeological sites. Clay tiles were formed with increasing amounts of temper (10\% to 40\%) and fired at a range of temperatures (500-900 degrees C). An inverse relationship was observed between the amont of tempering used and the plasticity, malleability, and possible surface finishes. It was noted that the dried and fired clays showed little difference in shrinkage between tempered and untempered clay. Tempering materials are usually added to reduce shrinkage but too much tempering weakens the clay. Prehistoric pottery of this region is often heavily grit tempered and the percentage of tempering used is higher than necessary for the clay used. Thus grit tempered pottery may reflect a cultural trait rather than a functional trait.}, author = {Corenblum, S.} } @Conference Paper {10460, title = {The Exploitation of Deer Among Northern Iroquoians}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {A trend in general opportunism is apparent in most northern Iroquoian faunal assemblages, but these also stress the importance of some specific mammalian and fish species. Faunal profiles indicate that White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was a major prey item in Iroquoian econorny and it is often the most numerous mammalian species identified, but its relative importance might be exaggerated due to preservation factors and recovery methods. Faunal reports comprising analyzed White-tailed deer remains from a variety of sites dating to Late Middle Woodland and Late Woodland periods will be examined and compared in order to trace patterns in deer exploitation in northern Iroquoia. Synchronic differences in the economic importance of deer hunting activities among northern Iroquoian groups as well as possible dia-chronic changes leading towards an apparent intensification of deer exploitation will be assessed.}, author = {Cossette, Evelyne} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9900, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9901, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {11123, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {11795, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9899, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {v-vi}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9081, title = {The Emergence of Agriculture: A Global View}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {264-268}, editor = {Gary Crawford} } @Conference Paper {10501, title = {Ethnicity and the Question of Holism: A Case Study from the Younge - Glen Meyer Border in S.W. Ontario}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaeologists have tended to assume that {\textquoteright}cultures{\textquoteright} are holistic: they form homogeneous, bounded and totalizable social entities. These entities are identified archaeologically through {\textquoteright}stylistic{\textquoteright} patterns that indicate shared learning, information exchange or symbolic manipulation. In this case study, I exam the degree that holism can be identified along the Younge Phase - Western Basin and Glen Meyer {\textquoteright}Iroquoian{\textquoteright} boundary through an analysis of ceramics from the Van Bree site. Ceramic material from feature clusters identified at Van Bree not only suggests that a distinct ethnic boundary exists between Younge and Glen Meyer people, but also that Glen Meyer and Younge are each different in their degree of holism.}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @article {9550, title = {Evidence for Short-Term Resource Procurement Events at the Spillsbury Bay Site, Rice Lake, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {73-100}, abstract = {

Small sites, where short-term events may be distinguished, are a valuable part of the archaeological record as they provide resolution at the level of individual events. Such resolution yields insight into the patterning of cultural material and the decisions made by individuals in the past. Excavations at the Spillsbury Bay site, on Rice Lake in south-central Ontario, were conducted with the aim of demonstrating an occupation during the late Middle Woodland period and of exploring the nature of that occupation in terms of settlement, subsistence, and material culture. The results reported here met those objectives and identified the site as a short-term, resource procurement locale, linked to larger base camps within the regional settlement pattern. In terms of subsistence, a shift from shellfish collection to fishing and hunting is evident over time. Artifact clusters also provide the opportunity to explore occupation events and the choices made by individual potters in ceramic manufacture. These choices centred around the visual impression the potter created in decorating a vessel rather than the specific tool used to apply that decoration.

}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis} } @article {9552, title = {An Early Human Skeleton from South-Central British Columbia: Dating and Bioarchaeological Inference}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {049-059}, abstract = {

Two previously reported early human skeletal remains in Canada are uncertainly dated and immature, precluding useful insights into the physical or biological characteristics of the populations they may represent. An adult male postcranial skeleton from Gore Creek, British Columbia, has been collagen dated at 8250 \± 115 years B.P. In situ parts were recorded in an alluvial fan deposit, below a volcanic ash lens identified with the Mount Mazana eruption of 6,700 years ago. The clavicle and long bones, metrically and morphologically, suggest a tall, lineal body build, with strong lower limb development, a form often associated with an inland hunting adaptation. The finding might be used to support the construct of a \&$\#$39;Protowestern\&$\#$39; cultural tradition populating British Columbia from the south in late Pleistocene/early Holocene times.

}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and Donald E. Howes and James C. Haggarty and Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10506, title = {An early human skeleton from Gore Creek, British Columbia}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Two previously reported early human skeletal remains in Canada are uncertainly dated and immature, precluding useful insights into the physical or biological characteristics of the populations they may represent. An adult male postcranial skeleton from south-central British Columbia has been collagen dated at 8,250 +/- 115 years B.P. In situ parts were recorded below a volcanic ash lens identified with The Mount Mazama eruption of 6,600-7,000 years ago. The clavicle and long bones, metrically and morphologically, suggest a tall, lineal body build, a form often associated with an inland hunting adaptation. The finding might be used to support the construct of a {\textquoteright}Protowestern{\textquoteright} cultural tradition populating British Columbia from the south in late Pleistocene - early Holocene times.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and D. Howes and J. Haggarty and M. Eldridge} } @article {9554, title = {Ethnicity and Material Culture in North Cameroon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {171-177}, abstract = {

Ethnicity involves participation in shared traditions at various scales. Multiple referents of ethnicity in the Mandara highlands, the nature of their expression in material culture, and the underlying systems of production are sketched. In these small-scale egalitarian societies, characterized by Brownian movement of people, the archaeologist can likely define only the larger population cluster, with clines and variation within it, that drew its symbols from the same reservoir. This may well be the significant unit for understanding culture process on a macro-scale.

}, author = {Nicholas David and Kodzo Gavua and A. Scott MacEachern and Judy Sterner} } @Conference Paper {10538, title = {Early Prehistoric Lifeways and Historic Placer Mining: Golden Paleoindian Research Opportunities in the Northern Rockies of Montana}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The serendipitous (Barton Gulch) and intentionally targeted (Indian Creek) discovery of two deeply buried, stratified, multicomponent Paleoindian occupation sites in the Montana Rockies of southwestern and west-central Montana, respectively, led to their multi-year multi-disciplinary investigation. The artifact-bearing deposits are incorporated within fine-alluvium sequences in low-gradient (Barton Gulch) and steep-gradient (Indian Creek) mountain valley floodplains. These unexpected and usually informative, Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene archaeological manifestations were exposed as an effect of localized commercial mining ventures designed to extract economic minerals from alluvial sediments in stream valleys. This paper explores geological and site-formational processes and illustrates the effects of historic placer mining on artifact-bearing landscapes. These independent processes and events have converged to enable advancement of archaeological understandings regarding post Ice Age ecology, Paleoindian hunter-gatherer resource selection and use, settlement selection behavior, and patterned details of Paleoindian adaptive strategies peculiar to this region. Locational and investigational implications of these insights for Paleoindian (and possibly Paleoamerican) site prospection in yet other intensively placered Rocky Mountain valleys are considered in the long term.}, author = {DAVIS, Leslie} } @Conference Paper {10576, title = {The Entry of Algonquian Language into the Boreal Forest}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Algonquian languages seem to have moved into the boreal forest on three occasions. The earliest is the spread of Cree, carried by Laurel culture, from a prior position northwest of Lake Michigan around both ends of Lake Superior starting around 100 B.C. The second entry occurred about A.D. 1 in the southcentral Quebec peninsula. It was heralded by the Middlesex complex, the carrier of Eastern Algonquian, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence and penetrated far inland at the Caniapiscau site (GcEl-1) which seems to be Middlesex related. This may be the founding group for Daniel Rattle/Point Revenge on the Labrador coast - Daniel Rattle also shows Middlesex connections. Beothuk or a related language may have been the form of Eastern Algonquian spoken. The third entry was the spread of Ojibway north around the east end of Lake Superior, in the form of Blackduck, occurring after A.D. 700. More southerly boreal forest groups switched language to Ojibway and more northerly ones spread west and east. In the Quebec peninsula East Cree/Naskapi dialects of Cree seem to arrive at Caniapiscau about A.D. 1200.}, author = {Denny, J. Peter} } @article {12921, title = {Emergent Ceramics and Identity at the Fifteenth-Century Iroquoian Keffer Village}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {181-201}, abstract = {

The recent interpretation of ceramic types as fluid and relational (Fowler 2017) has facilitated their use in the exploration of relational identity. In this study, ceramics from the fifteenth-century southern Ontario Iroquoian Keffer (AkGv-14) village are employed in the exploration of matrilineal, matrilocal household self-identification as seen through ceramic communities of practice. The Keffer assemblage is separated into two categories; local tradition ceramics which I suggest represent genealogies of family practice, and non-local tradition pottery, which I propose communicates contemporary relations and long distance interaction. In addition, a new, third category of ceramics is proposed {\textquotedblleft}emergent vessels.{\textquotedblright} Emergent ceramics are materialized in two separate and distinct vessel forms in the collection, the Everted Lip and North Shore Durfee Underlined. Their sudden and geographically restricted materialization reflects the equally sudden appearance of newly emergent facets of the polyvalent identities of potting communities as seen at Keffer and other north shore sites. The short-term production and use of these emergent ceramics attests to the quickly diminishing importance of these new emergent aspects of identity while the ceramics of the latest village occupations verify the endurance and gradual transformation of those facets of identity tied to family genealogy and long distance interaction.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.181}, author = {Susan Dermarkar} } @Conference Paper {10586, title = {An Early Holocene Cave Deposit, Caverne de la Mine (Qu{\'e}bec, Canada).}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Located approximately 20 km north-east of Ottawa, Caverne de la Mine contains a fossiliferous infill of significant importance. The cave which likely acted simultaneously as a roost or burrow and as a natural trap, accumulated a large amount of animal remains in the form of bones and teeth. As proven elsewhere, such deposits are very useful for the paleoecological reconstruction of a locality. The upper portion of the infill (100 cm) has been previously studied and showed a relatively recent faunal composition dated at 5000 years B.P. It is characterised by the presence of Ursus americanus, Odocoileus virginianus, Procyon lotor, Peromyscus sp. and Eptesicus fuscus. The bottom portion of the infill (70 cm) dated between 5 020{\textpm}70 and 8 230{\textpm}80 years B.P. is presently being studied. Based on cranial elements recovered from this portion of the infill, twenty-two mammal species were identified to this date. The fossil assemblage contains a significant abundance and variety of micromammals, while larger mammals such as U. americanus and O. virginianus are entirely absent here. The fossil fauna contains two species, Microtus pinetorum (MNI= 7) and Dicrostonyx hudsonius (MNI= 1), which are exclusive of the modern local fauna. Today M. pinetorum inhabits the eastern portion of the continent, generally east of the Mississippi valley and south of the Great Lakes, while D. hudsonius largely occupies the Ungava peninsula and parts of Labrador. Their presence in the infill suggests that the local fauna underwent important adjustments since the beginning of the Holocene before attaining its modern form about 5000 years ago.}, author = {DESCHAMPS, Eric M. and Bernard LAURIOL} } @Conference Paper {10590, title = {Experimentation on the Production of Slate Tools}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {We present the result of the study of archaeological objects made of schist from both Dorset and Thule sites of Nunavik as well as an experimental methodology aimed at understanding the modes of production of tools made of schist. The production of ulus and "polished knives" is particularly focused upon. We compare the results of this technological analysis with the typological distinctions that have been established between Palaeoeskimo and Neoeskimo schist tools. Our results show the existence of many production methods and contribute to a better definition of each of these periods.}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10594, title = {Expanding the Horizon: Late Holocene Lithic Assemblages in Kamloops, B.C.}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations by the SCES-SFU Field School in Kamloops, B.C., between 1991 and 1997, have identified and tested over 60 upper terrace sites as part of a study of long-term land use. Interpretation of this archaeological record has been constrained by the absence of diagnostics at many small lithic scatters or by mixed assemblages at the larger, multiple component sites. However, excavation in 1997 at one of these larger sites, EeRb 144, revealed a relatively undisturbed cultural sequence extending from the recent past through at least the Middle Period (4000 - 7500 BP). This paper focuses on the artifact assemblages from the Plateau Horizon (2400 - 1200 BP), and introduces a new artifact type.}, author = {DEWING, Natalie} } @Conference Paper {10611, title = {Effect of a Professional Archaeologist on an Avocational One or the Manyberries Cairn, DgOo-1}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The variables responsible for soil formation can be grouped into five categories, i.e., parent material, biotic and abiotic forces, topography, and time. Although people fall under the biotic forces category, landscape often affects where people are and what they do in it. In 1970 Dr. Dick Forbis brought together, via a field seminar with flip-charts and all, an interesting group of people to discuss how a wide variety of disciplines could give depth to the Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump research. There were Dr. Dick Forbis, convener and archaeologist, Barney Reeves, nascent archaeologist, Archie Stalker, geologist, Ted Cook, soil microbiologist, Larry Lutwick, soil geneticist, John Dormaar, soil organic chemist, and Bill Byrne, nascent archaeologist plus an assortment of summer students. Ever since, I have asked myself as to how I could, as a soil scientist, contribute to the discipline of archaeology. The landscape is really the soil scientist{\textquoteright}s living laboratory. On a macro-scale, people affected that landscape via the use of fire, confined grazing after free-roaming bison were eliminated, and upside down farming. On a micro-scale, by arranging cobbles into circles, alignments, and cairns, people could affect soil transformations beneath these arranged cobbles. However, I, as an avocational archaeologist, was also able to contribute via the question as to why petroforms, such as structures used for vision questing, were here, but not there in the landscape, since I was in that landscape anyway to practice my soil science profession. The Manyberries Cairn (DgOo-1) will be discussed as example where a soil scientist and an avocational archaeologist can contribute to the discipline of archaeology.}, author = {Dormaar, J.F.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9103, title = {Environmental Archaeology: Principles and Practice}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {121-124}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @article {9568, title = {Early to Late Prehistoric Lithic and Faunal Assemblages, Site DjPp{\textendash}8, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {043-058}, abstract = {

Excavations at DjPp-8, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, reveal a sequence of occupations from Early Prehistoric to Late Prehistoric times. Lithic assemblages show changes in the morphology of projectile points consistent with sequences in adjacent regions, and show that the site preserves a record of at least 8000 years of prehistory. Other lithic artifact types do not undergo major stylistic changes through time, although the size of artifacts declines. The use of exotic stone increases through time, and this change is ascribed provisionally to changing social organisation. Faunal preservation can be assessed using a variety of indices, all of which demonstrate increasingly poor preservation with depth of burial and age. When these factors are taken into account, there is no evidence for change in faunal use through time, and the site appears to have been used regularly as a summer base camp from which a wide range of resources were exploited.

}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9142, title = {An Examination of Prehistoric Copper Technology and Copper Sources in Western Arctic and Subarctic North America}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Don E. Dumond} } @Conference Paper {10646, title = {Earth as Archives: Archaeological Perspectives on Landscape Conservation / . La Terre, grand r{\'e}servoir d{\textquoteright}archives : l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}olo}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Human beings leave numerous traces of their activities on and in the earth. Such evidence and its context, form the basis for archaeological interpretations of human history. Archaeological resources are generally recognized as being legally within the public domain which means that the earth is a form of public archives. Unfortunately, with the rise of world-wide industrialized resource extraction, large portions of that archives have been severely disturbed or destroyed. Heritage conservationists have successfully argued for protection of archaeological resources at the artifact and site levels, but have had difficulty obtaining similar protection at the landscape level. Problems include definition, inventory, misperception of threats, misperception of age, conflicts in use and ownership, ineffective justifications, failure to make common cause, and a preservation irony. In spite of the problems there is a substantial body of experience upon which future archaeological landscape preservation can build.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10649, title = {EVIDENCE FOR INITIATION OF THE BESANT COMPLEX ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS AT 2500B.P.}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Sjovold Site (EiNs-4) in south central Saskatchewan contains 21 cultural components beginning with the Hanna complex some 4,100 years ago and ending with recent historic materials. Although there is a general correspondence between the sequence of occupations at the Sjovold site and the culture/historical sequence expected for the region, there are anomalies among some of the Sjovold components of the Late Middle Period. One would expect a sequence of Pelican Lake occupations dating from 3000 to 1850 B.P. followed by, and perhaps slightly intermixed with, a series of Besant components dating from 2050 to 1150 B.P. However, Layer XIV marks a distinct interruption in the Pelican Lake sequence of corner notched forms at a date several hundred years earlier than expected. Layer XIVs sample of well made side notched projectile points is associated with a date of 2500{\textpm}85 radiocarbon years B.P. After a review of archaeological literature pertaining to the Northern Plains and surrounding regions, I conclude that the side notched projectile points in Layer XIV are most similar stylistically to those of the Besant complex. The predommance of Knife River Flint, an exotic chipped stone material, is another Layer XIV trait which further supports a Besant identity. I propose, therefore, that Layer XIV material represents an early variant of the Besant complex whose temporal range should be extended backward to 2500 B.P. A noteworthy consequence of this proposal is that the onset of Besant on the Plains now comes close to the beginning of the Sub-Atlantic climatic episode when the Boreal forest of the Western Interior shifted into its historic position bordering the Northern Plains. Moreover, a 2500 B.P. initial date for Besant puts the Northern Plains culture/historical sequence into step with major developments in neighbouring regions, developments such as the initiation of the Woodland Period in the Mississippi Valley of the Eastern Woodlands, and the introduction of bow and arrow technology in the Eastern Great Basin.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9381, title = {Excavation}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {233-235}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10664, title = {Early Holocene Sites in the Stave River Valley, Southwestern B.C.}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Recent archaeological investigation of the inundated shoreline of Stave Reservoir have resulted in the identification of 28 lithic scatters. Artifact types from these sites suggest that at least some, and perhaps most, date to an early Holocene period. We will discuss the importance of landforms in terms of understanding the early lake, river, and marine environments associated with these sites. This discussion will also be useful in guiding future research associated with locating sites in the montane lake and river valleys of the Lower Fraser River drainage system}, author = {ELDRIDGE, M.T. and D.S. McLAREN} } @Conference Paper {10670, title = {Estimates of Failure Rates in Fluting Based on Archaeological Data: Examples From Northeastern North Arnerica}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The fluting of Early Paleo-Indian bifaces, and failure rates therein, has reccived considerable archaeological attention {\textendash} perhaps at a scale exceeding its relative importance. Nonetheless, if we are to properly evaluate explanations of the origins and function of fluting and the place of particular sites in Paleo-Indian settlement systems, estimates of failure rates are required. To date, such estimates have been largely used on experimental replication, and rarely on archaeological data, and it is suggested these estimates are inaccurate. In order to overcome these problems, three interrelated, yet independent, methods; of estimating fluting failure rates from archaeological data are developed and applied to assemblages from the Parkhill site in Ontario and the Windy City site in Maine. The consistency in the results obtained by these methods inspire faith in their relative accuracy. The results suggest failure rates, at least at these sites, were not on the scale often assumed by previous investigators, being on the order of only 10 to 12\% percent or less.}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and James H. Payne} } @Conference Paper {10678, title = {Erie}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper notes historic references to the Erie and other named groups who are believed to have lived along the Southeastem shore of Lake Erie during the early Contact Period. It also examines the distribution of village sites during the same period. Ceramic patterning within and between these sites is discussed along with postulated sequences of village movement. The Ripley site in Southwestern New York, some 70 miles south of the cluster of village sites near Buffalo, is ceramically highly similar to these sites and represents an anomaly.}, author = {Engelbrecht, William} } @Conference Paper {10699, title = {Early Lead Smelting in the Mid-Western United States: Lead Isotope Evidence}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Utilization of the rich lead-zinc deposits of Missouri (SEM) in early historic times, has been documented, but there are no records that the ore from mineral occurrences in the Upper Mississippi Valley (UMV) was exploited. Lead isotope analysis of Lead artifacts (mainly musket balls and metallic debris) found on mid eighteenth century sites in Illinois (Guebert, Kolmer, Fox encampment, Starved Rock outpost) show clearly that both SEM and UMV sources were used to supply raw materials for those products. The same technique indicates that European lead was also being used. Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA) on the available suite of samples record a broad range of trace elernents, none of which distinguish the sources.}, author = {Farquhar, R. M. and J. A. Walthall and R. G. Hancock} } @Conference Paper {10712, title = {EARLY HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY AT RICHARDSON ISLAND, HAIDA GWAII}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The Richardson Island site is a multicomponent campsite dating to the early Holocene. The site includes two localities, one in the present-day intertidal zone and one on a 15-metre raised beach. In 1995 deeply stratified cultural deposits associated with the 15-metre raised beach portion of this site were investigated through examination of natural exposures, systematic auger sampling and test excavation. The cultural horizons date from ca. 9,050 BP at the base to ca. 8,000 BP near the top. The lower horizons are characterized by abundant bifaces and large stone tools while the upper horizons exhibit high frequencies of microblades, microblade cores, large stone tools and a few bifaces. Lithic analysis from the well-dated archaeological components at Richardson Island and nearby Echo Bay suggests that a technological transition occurred shortly after 9,000 RCYBP. Before 9,000, biface technology is well represented and there is very limited evidence for microblade technology. After this time evidence for bifaces becomes rare while microblade technology is abundantly represented. This evidence fits well to that recovered from other sites in Haida Gwaii as well as from Namu on the Central Coast and several maritime sites in southern Alaska.}, author = {Daryl Fedje} } @Conference Paper {10711, title = {Early Period Archaeology in Gwaii Haanas}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Results of preliminary archaeological and paleoecological investigations in the Juan Perez Sound area of Haida Gwaii on the Northwest Coast are presented. These include reconnaissance at several Early Period intertidal lithic sites as well as archaeological excavations and paleoecological analysis of two sites on Arrow Creek, Matheson Inlet. Results show that the sites were occupied during a time of rapid sea-level change. The oldest archaeological remains date to shortly before 9,200 RCYBP and the youngest to 5,650 RCYBP. The discovery of well-preserved archaeological deposits in a setting that has been subject to marine transgression and regression offers promise for the eventual discovery of earlier archaeological sites at much lower sea-levels and a better understanding of early human occupation of the Northwest Coast.}, author = {Daryl Fedje} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9135, title = {Early Man in the New World}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {085-089}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9139, title = {Excavations at the Caradoc Site (AfHj{\textendash}104): A Late Paleo-Indian Ritual Artifact Deposit}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {169-171}, editor = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10811, title = {Erasing Ethnicity: The Case of the Chinese Lepers of D{\textquoteright}Arcy Island}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The paucity of ethnic markers in the archaeological record of a predominantly Chinese leper colony is explained. This institution was located on Big and Little D{\textquoteright}Arcy Islands, British Columbia, between 1891 and 1924. The isolation of the colony and administrative policies are dominant factors contributing to the blurring of Chinese ethnicity. Other significant processes include the status of the incarcerated victims, refuse disposal patterns and historically documented site abandonment practices.}, author = {FRENCH, Diana} } @Conference Paper {10832, title = {{\'E}volution des complexes fun{\'e}raires des Premi{\'e}res Nations Nisga{\textquoteright}a et Haisla, c{\^o}te Nord-Ouest du Pacifique}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10854, title = {{\'e}valuation des niveaux de mercure chez le caribou de l{\textquoteright}Alaska de l{\textquoteright}Antiquit{\'e} et des temps modernes : cons{\'e}quences pour}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Lawrence K. Duffy and Maribeth S. Murray} } @article {9602, title = {Enculturing an Unknown World: Caches and Clovis Landscape Ideology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {171-189}, abstract = {

The scientific debate surrounding the first peopling of the Americas has largely centered on Clovis economic lifeways. There has been little discussion of either social or ideological aspects of Clovis culture. This is partly due to the difficulty in extracting this type of information from the archaeological record. However, phenomenology-based approaches to landscape archaeology provide a potential inroad to non-economic aspects of prehistoric cultural systems. Using archaeological data, general analogy, and theoretical models developed by landscape archaeologists, the ideological role of a subset of Clovis caches is investigated. It is argued that as colonization progressed, some caches were used to transfer a mobile sense of the landscape into a fixed sense of the landscape. This symbolic transformation was one part of a complex landscape-learning process that would have required significant economic, behavioral, and ideological adaptation.

}, author = {Jason D. Gillespie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9151, title = {Ethical Issues in Archaeology}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {172-175}, editor = {Jason D. Gillespie} } @Conference Paper {10892, title = {The Effect of Herd-Following on Material Culture}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Beverly caribou range is triangular, with base extending frorn the Churchill river of northern Saskatchewan 1000 km to its calving ground apex near the Back River south of the Arctic Ocean. Each spring since deglaciation, caribou follow the tundra migration route to calve in late May and early June. After 4-6 weeks of post-calving aggregation they and their calves are joined by late arriving bulls, the huge combined herd moving south in late summer past treeline. After a brief forest sojourn the herd rate in October at treeline before returning to the forest for winter. In summer, autumn and winter, it is hunted for its meat, hide, sinew, bone and antler. Using 1002 human occupation north and south of treeline, the relationship between toolkits and seasonal activities is evaluated.}, author = {Gordon, Bryan C.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9362, title = {Europe{\textquoteright}s First Farmers}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {243-245}, editor = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @Conference Paper {10924, title = {Event and Process in the Life of a Marpole-age Plankhouse at Dionisio Point}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The archaeological record is a record of both significant events and (often redundant) processes. This paper considers the role of both of these phenomena in the cumulative record of household activities in a Marpole-age plankhouse at Dionisio Point on the southern B.C. coast. Radiocarbon dating, artifact caches, and material culture distributions are considered in constructing an appropriate conceptual approach to thinking about scales of time, the relationship between events, and modes of practice in the house and household. The objective of this approach is to see the house and household as process rather than reified institution.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10934, title = {The Early Coastal Entry Model. An Update}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The early coastal entry model continues to be a viable alternative to the interior ice-free corridor route for the initial settlement of the New World. A review of early archaeological sites distributed along the west coasts of both of the Americas indicates that there were populations with a littoral adaptation well established on both continents by at least 10,500 years ago. Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites in northeast Honshu may represent an ancestral population pool for early coastal movements along the Pacific rim. Paleoenvironmental evidence for marked sea level changes on the northwest coast of North America indicates why Pleistocene coastal archaeological sites are so unlikely to be discovered. The most concrete evidence for a coastal route of initial entry remains linguistic: the comparatively high degree of language diversification on the west coast.}, author = {Ruth Gruhn} } @article {13480, title = {The Excavation of a Stone Cairn Cache in Southern Saskatchewan}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {179-193}, abstract = {

In 2018, a stone cairn was discovered on a prominent hilltop in the Missouri Coteau in southern Saskatchewan, not an uncommon discovery. Due to potential impacts from development, a salvage excavation commenced which included the excavation of the entire stone cairn structure and additional subsurface testing in the immediate area. A preliminary interpretation for the stone cairn was its functional use as a navigational marker; however, the initial interpretation was retracted upon the discovery of a cache cavity within the unexpectedly large structure of the stone cairn. Had the excavation not occurred, the stone cairn may have been misinterpreted; this is a common issue at stone cairn sites across the northern Plains.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.179}, author = {Eliann Guinan and Michael Markowski} } @Conference Paper {10936, title = {Engendering Interaction: The Thule Inuit Gender System and European Contact in Southeast Baffin Island}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper explores the role that gender plays in cross-cultural contact. A model of the Thule Inuit gender system in the eastern Canadian Arctic was derived from ethnographic sources. These sources indicate that Inuit gender relations were largely egalitarian and complementary. This suggests two interrelated behavioral expectations with respect to European interaction: 1.) equal access to European goods and materials by Inuit men and women; and 2.) differential use of European goods by gender will relate to the types of tasks which each gender engaged in and the social roles they held, rather than to a gender hierarchy. The model was tested with archaeological and ethnohistorical data relating to three periods of contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island: 16th-century exploration and mining, 19th-century commercial whaling and early 20th-century commercial fur trapping.}, author = {Gullason, Lynda} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9183, title = {Eastern Paleoindian Lithic Resource Use}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {234-236}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @article {9624, title = {Early Palaeo-Eskimo Skeletal Remains from North Devon Island, High Arctic Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {127-143}, abstract = {

The skeleton of a premature human infant was recovered from the Rocky Point site (QkHn-27), North Devon Island, Northwest Territories. The Early Palaeo-Eskimo affiliation of the associated artifact assemblage and a radiocarbon date of ca. 3800 B.P. make these the earliest skeletal remains known for the Canadian Arctic. Comparisons with Late Palaeo-Eskimo burials are limited by the uniqueness of this discovery.

}, author = {James W. Helmer and Brenda V. Kennedy} } @article {9631, title = {Environment, History and Agency in Storage Adaptation: On the Beothuk in the 18th Century}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {019-030}, abstract = {

Anthropological theories regarding the use of storage facilities or the conditions in which such facilities should be used, have generally embraced one of two positions. One position is concerned primarily with the use of storage, or surplus, in the pursuit of social objectives, often leading to social complexity. The other, immersed in an adaptive framework, views storage as a mechanism for reducing risk associated with subsistence stress (Rowley-Conwy and Zvelebil 1989: 40). This paper is an attempt to explore Beothuk investment in storage and other labor intensive activities during the 18th century within the context of historical and environmental conditions and social motivation or agency.

}, author = {Donald H. Holly} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9198, title = {Ethnoarchaeological and Cultural Frontiers. Athapaskan, Algonquin and European Adaptations in the Central Subarctic}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {117-118}, editor = {John W. Ives} } @article {9648, title = {An Examination of Prisoner-Sacrifice and Cannibalism at the St. Lawrence Iroquoian Roebuck Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {159-175}, abstract = {

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the debate concerning evidence for prisoner-sacrifice and cannibalism among the Iroquoians of the Northeast. A number of scholars have documented the existence of these practices in early historic times. In the present study, I will concentrate on the archaeological evidence that indicates the practice of cannibalism and prisoner-sacrifice in the prehistoric period, specifically, at the Roebuck site in eastern Ontario.

}, author = {James B. Jamieson} } @article {9647, title = {Economics and Ontario Iroquoian Social Organization}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {019-030}, abstract = {

The economic behaviour of the historic Huron and Neutral Iroquois is examined and fitted against a generalized model of exchange. Interplay between material flow and social organizational structures supports Daillon\&$\#$39;s contention that the Neutral were chiefdom, and suggests that the Huron were only slightly less complex developmentally. Implications for archaelogical research are discussed.

}, author = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9904, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {001}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9903, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9902, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9905, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9010, title = {Ecology and Human Organization on the Great Plains}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {257-262}, editor = {Brian Kooyman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9087, title = {Ethnoarchaeology in Action}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {183-186}, editor = {Yves Labr{\`e}che} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9149, title = {Engendering Archaeology: Women in Prehistory}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {143-147}, editor = {Genevieve LeMoine} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9239, title = {Early Earthquakes of the Americas}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {387-389}, editor = {Robert Losey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9053, title = {The Economic Prehistory of Namu. I}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {134-136}, editor = {R.Lee Lyman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9327, title = {Equity Issues for Women in Archaeology}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {149-154}, editor = {Holly Martelle-Hayster} } @article {9715, title = {Exploring Variability in Maritime Resource Use on the Northwest Coast: A Case Study from Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {214-238}, abstract = {

Understanding the broad patterns of cultural processes on the Northwest Coast requires specific studies of local variability. This paper draws on ethnographic and archaeological data to examine changing patterns of maritime resource use in one locality: Barkley Sound, western Vancouver Island. We examine three excavated village sites, focusing on Ts\’ishaa (DfSi\–16 and \–17). Large village communities emerged on an economic base characterized by a wide range of marine resources. Salmon, however, played a relatively minor role in the economy until the final precontact stage (ca. 750 to 300 cal BP), when it increased considerably in importance. Various lines of evidence suggest that this shift reflects changing resource use and territorial access in Barkley Sound as local groups amalgamated and adopted a seasonal pattern of mobility.

}, author = {Alan D. McMillan and Iain McKechnie and Denis E. St. Claire and S. Gay Frederick} } @article {9720, title = {Embedded Craft Production at the Late Pre-Columbian (A.D. 900{\textendash}1522) Community of He-4 (El Hatillo), Central Region of Panama}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {108-140}, abstract = {

Investigation into the production and distribution of craft goods has long been an important focus in archaeological research. This is partly due to the pattern of increasing labour specialization correlated with increasing disparities in socioeconomic inequality\—an important transition in human history. This paper focuses on existing systems of social hierarchy and how craft specialization shaped domestic activities and social position. More specifically, we examine embedded production at the late pre-Columbian center of He-4 in the Central Region of Panama and argue that it played an important role in maintaining elite access to prestige goods. Through a consideration of the social context of production in elite households, it is argued that embedded specialization is more likely to develop during periods of intense sociopolitical competition.

}, author = {Adam C. J. Menzies and Mikael J. Haller} } @article {9745, title = {The Earliest Thule Migration}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {

It is suggested that the earliest Thule migrations into Arctic Canada took the form of small-scale, very rapid population movements aimed at the greater Lancaster Sound area north and northwest of Baffin Island. Early Inuit appear to have been attracted by unusually rich bowhead whale stocks, which they and their descendants continued to exploit during classic Thule times. Palaeoenvironmental data, however, do not suggest that Thule hunters in any way \&$\#$39;followed\&$\#$39; the whales during an expansive Medieval Warm Epoch. Rather, to get to Lancaster Sound they had to cross many hundreds of kilometres of essentially uninhabitable wasteland. How early Thule hunters learned what lay on the other side of that wasteland, and how they and their families successfully crossed it, will never be known in detail, but it is one of the great accomplishments of human history.

}, author = {David Morrison} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9316, title = {Emerging from the Mist: Studies in Northwest Coast Culture History}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {392-396}, editor = {Madonna L. Moss} } @article {9755, title = {The Exhibition of in situ Archaeological Features for Public Interpretation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {173-179}, abstract = {

Presenting research in an imaginative format that the public can easily understand is a problem archaeologists have not adequately examined. The vinylite resin method of soil consolidation offers a means of incorporating an in situ excavation into an exhibit for interpreting archaeological method and theory to the public. Such displays help demonstrate the importance of archaeological research to the understanding of cultural history.

}, author = {Jeffrey S. Murray} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9909, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12864, title = {Engaging Archaeology: 25 Case Studies in Research Practice}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {098-100}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.98}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9918, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On archaeology and the {\textquotedblleft}burden{\textquotedblright} of responsibility}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9913, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note: On mtDNA and Archaeological Ethics}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9908, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9917, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On representativeness in archaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {iii-viii}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9912, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9907, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9916, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On historical relativity in archaeology}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9911, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9906, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9915, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On archaeological theory as a rite of passage}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9910, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9914, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On "reality archaeology"}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9925, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: Training the Next Generation of Archaeologists: Resiliency in the Face of Continuing Challenges}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9929, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9922, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9926, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {ii-viii}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9921, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9920, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9924, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: Training the Next Generation of Archaeologists: Some Challenges}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {iii-v1}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9927, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9919, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9928, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9923, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @article {12540, title = {Exploring Community Formation and Coalescence at the Late Fourteenth{\textendash}Early Fifteenth-Century Tillsonburg Village Site (AfHe-38)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {162-200}, abstract = {

The concept of community coalescence involves the aggregation of previously separate social groups into one communal settlement. This has facilitated a greater understanding of Iroquoian community formation during the Late Woodland of southern Ontario. It is explored as the predominant conceptual approach to better understand the formation of the Tillsonburg Village{\textquoteright}s (AfHe-38) community plan, however, other processes relating to the contemporaneity of village areas or houses are also considered. The site is located in Tillsonburg, Ontario and dates from the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century (AD 1350{\textendash}1420). This paper explores the village{\textquoteright}s particularly large and dispersed community plan through an intra-site analysis of ceramic vessels and longhouse attributes, as these are considered useful indicators of social, organizational, and temporal processes. Spatial and statistical analyses are used to explore spatial patterning of attributes among their associated contexts. The results suggest that the Tillsonburg occupants were experimenting with formative processes of community coalescence; with groups interacting and living together in one settlement, yet remaining socially and spatially distinct within the larger village community.

}, author = {Rebecca Parry} } @article {11537, title = {Elements of an Ancient Tsimshian Dwelling: An Archaeology of Architecture in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {269-307}, abstract = {Recent, renewed interest in the study of ancient indigenous NWC architecture has done much to augment our understanding of social, political, and economic relations in this region in the past. These studies have, by and large, emphasized architectural form over the practice or process of construction. Yet in other regions of the world, scholars are increasingly examining construction techniques in order comprehend the kinds of decisions that individuals and groups made with respect to building. This paper examines architectural remains from a small Middle Period (ca.~3500{\textendash}1500~BP) village site in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, with the explicit intent of shedding light on the kinds of structures that the Tsimshian built in the past and, in particular, the way in which small households constructed domestic dwellings. Results suggest that, in this case, walls were not mortised as they had been in the recent past. Rather, walls appear to have been constructed using a tying and sewing technique. I suggest that this household might have used tying and sewing for a variety of reasons that include household and community size, technology, mobility, and skill.}, author = {A. Katherine Patton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9348, title = {The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {278-279}, editor = {Susan Pfeiffer} } @article {9797, title = {{\'E}tude technologique de l{\textquoteright}exploitation des blocs et des galets en m{\'e}tabasalte par les Dors{\'e}tiens au site Tuvaaluk (Dia.4, JfEl{\textendash}4)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {143-170}, abstract = {

The object of this article is to draw the attention of archaeologists working in the Arctic to a minority of lithic tools made of metabasalt. Much bigger than other rock families (pebbles, blocks, large flakes), they have received a different technical treatment. The lithic assemblage of the Tuvaaluk archaeological site (Dia. 4, JfEI-4), allows us to reconstitute the lithic reduction sequence, from the collection of raw material to the consumption of the tools themselves. A study of the mode of exploitation used by Dorset people on this kind of rock has been done in order to find the manufacturing techniques and to examine the questions posed by its presence. The results reveal a particular exploitation linked to the local availability of rocks and to the function of these tools. The pebbles tools, often neglected, are part of the Dorset technical system and deserve to be studied.

}, author = {Serge Lebel et Patrick Plumet} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9001, title = {Ecology and Ceramic Production in an Andean Community}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {179-181}, editor = {J. Scott Raymond} } @article {9818, title = {Ethics in Canadian Archaeology: An International, Comparative Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {099-114}, abstract = {

Ethical questions have assumed a central role in archaeological discourse during the past few years. In May of 1996 the Canadian Archaeological Association ratified its first code of ethics called: Statement of Principles for Ethical Conduct Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples. This paper compares the CAA statement with those of the national archaeological associations from New Zealand, Australia and the United States as well as the World Archaeological Congress and the Society of Professional Archaeologists. A content analysis provides a quantitative assessment of major themes addressed by each of the six documents. Significant differences are documented between the Canadian, Australian and New Zealand associations on one hand and the Society for American Archaeology on the other. The former ethical documents provide a privileged position for Native involvement in archaeological endeavours, the latter does not.

}, author = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9379, title = {Evolutionary Archaeology: Theory and Application (O{\textquoteright}Brien, editor) and Darwinian Archaeologies}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {168-172}, editor = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @article {9834, title = {Evidence of California-Area Abalone Shell in Haida Trade and Culture}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {273-286}, abstract = {

Abalone (Haliotis spp.) shell was a trade commodity in northwestern North American and part of a marine shell trade that also included tusk shell (Dentalium spp.) and olive snail (Olivella spp.). The occurrence of abalone trade shell in Haida art, language, and family crest usage demonstrates, at a minimum, an appreciable influence of the abalone shell trade in the post-contact era. However, despite archaeological evidence that trade in other shells regionally extends back at least 7,000 years, radiocarbon dating of California-area abalone trade shells excavated from the Haida village of Kiusta in northern Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) reveals them to be post-contact only. Compared to California-area abalone, the poor quality of local northern abalone (H. kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) shell may have accounted for their infrequent use. This paper reviews the post-contact abalone shell trade in southern British Columbia and Washington, and offers speculation on its pre-contact manifestation.

}, author = {N.A. Sloan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9323, title = {The Evolution of Maritime Cultures on the Northeast and the Northwest Coasts of America}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {187-188}, editor = {Dean R. Snow} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9932, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {002}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9931, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {003}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9930, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {003-004}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @article {9555, title = {Early evidence of agriculture in the Great Lakes}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {061-076}, author = {David~M.~Stothers} } @article {9861, title = {Explaining Vinette I Pottery Variability: The View from the Batiscan Site, Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {165-233}, abstract = {

Communities participating in the Meadowood Interaction Sphere during the Early Woodland period (3,000\–2,400 BP) were among the first to use pottery in northeastern North America. The Batiscan site, excavated in the 1960s, produced one of the largest Vinette I collections known to date. Revisiting this ceramic assemblage has revealed more heterogeneity than is generally recognized within the Vinette I type of pottery. Indeed, variations from the typological definition exist, both within and between Early Woodland ceramic collections. A number of diagnostic traits, such as the presence of exterior and interior cord impressions and the absence of decoration, are challenged by the present study. It is hypothesized that part of this variability is chronological, and that the vessels from Batiscan were manufactured closer to the end of the Early Woodland period. However, other factors, such as the frequency and scale of production, and the possible exchange and circulation of ceramic containers, must also be taken into account when interpreting Vinette I variability.

}, author = {Karine Tach{\'e}} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9413, title = {Explaining Human Origins: Myth, Imagination and Conjecture}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {144-146}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9459, title = {An Early Paleo-Indian Site Near Parkhill, Ontario}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {147-148}, editor = {Philip Woodley} }