@Conference Paper {10362, title = {Caribou in Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Territories: A First Look at the Oral History Sources}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The recent discovery of extensive deposits of ancient caribou droppings on Thandl\‰t and other mountains in the southern Yukon has shown biologists and other researchers that this species was once locally abundant in Champagne and Aishihik First Nations traditional territory. Elders and those familiar with our history, however, know that the Champagne and Aishihik people have a long history with caribou. As recent as just over a century ago, caribou were one of the most significant food and clothing sources. To contribute to the understanding of the species{\textquoteright} biology and recent history in CAFN traditional territory, oral history sources (old ethnographies, legends and stories, old and more recent interview transcripts) and archival documents have been examined. At least 9 different hunting fences, for example, are mentioned in the materials examined. These sources shed light on the former range and abundance of the species in the southern part of CAFN traditional territory, where caribou are now rare. While considerable more directed interview work with CAFN Elders is needed, the data examined to date begins to assemble a picture of people and caribou in not too distant times.}, author = {CHAMPAGNE and AISHIHIK FIRST NATIONS and Diane STRAND and Sheila Greer} } @Conference Paper {9984, title = {Chinookan Cellars}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ethnohistoric accounts describe Chinookan people storing valuables in the spaces beneath the sleeping platforms in their houses. Paul Kane{\textquoteright}s painting of the interior of a Chinookan house shows such spaces also being used for sleeping. Excavations of a relatively large number of precontact and contact era Chinookan houses along the Lower Columbia River reveal that, in addition to the space between the platform and the floor, extensive subfloor storage pits existed beneath the sleeping platforms. In some structures, the pits are located immediately below the sleeping platforms, while in others, they merge into a substantial cellar. There is also variation within large, multi-room structures as to whether all rooms have these features. The scale of subfloor features may vary with vulnerability to flooding. Intra-house variation in these features, however, may reflect the status of the household members. Contents of these features varies markedly from stored valuables to fully articulated wapiti limbs.}, author = {AMES} } @article {9471, title = {The Clonard Bay Point: Evidence of Lanceolate Bifaces in the Queen Charlotte Islands}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {141-148}, author = {Steven Acheson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12172, title = {Clovis Mammoth Butchery. The Lange/Ferguson Site and Associated Bone Tool Technology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {094-097}, editor = {Benjamin Albouy} } @Conference Paper {9973, title = {Canadians in Carthage: Explorations at Bir Ftouha}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In 1992, as part of the ongoing international UNESCO campaign to save Carthage, a team from the University of Alberta led by Dr. J.J. Rossiter undertook a small excavation at the suburban site of Bir Ftouha. Two separate areas of Bir Ftouha had been previously explored by Delattre and P. Gaukler. Delattre published a plan of a triple-apsed room containing a number of sarcophagi. A so-called baptismal font and bath building were also found, although their precise location was never published. Gaukler{\textquoteright}s findings of an early Christian basilica were even more sketchily recorded, as no plan or adequate description of the building or its whereabouts was ever published. Despite their close proximity, there seems to have been little interest in determining the nature of the relationship between the two sites. The 1992 project aimed to further investigate this area. A magnetometer survey carried out by a University of Alberta team in 1991 had shown two areas of disturbance: one located near the bath-house complex and another approximately 60 m to the east. Several trenches placed near the bath-house complex revealed part of a building wall and a series of floor surfaces. The latest phase of these features has been tentatively dated to the late 6th or early 7th centuries A.D. Due to limited resources and time, a more thorough exploration of this building was not possible in 1992. Of particular interest in the 1992 excavations were an extensive series of midden pits. The pits contained a dense mixture of pottery and organic remains. The pottery, consisting of local coarse wares, cooking wares, and Islamic glazed wares, bas been provisionally dated to the 9th-11th centuries A.D., or the Early Islamic period. The faunal remains, studied by Michael MacKinnon, suggest that sheep, goat, and cattle formed a significant part of the diet of the inhabitants of the site in its later periods. The ceramic and faunal material is especially important as there has been very little information available about the early Islamic period in Carthage. Further study may suggest that there is greater continuity between the Late Roman and the Early Islamic periods than previously believed.}, author = {ALLEN, Tana} } @Conference Paper {9970, title = {Commodore George Walker at Nepisiguit: Protecting and Preserving An Extraordinary Fragment of 18th C Maritime History}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For nearly two decades Commodore George Walker was one of the most publicly acclaimed British privateer sea Captains of the mid-18th century. His exploits during war and peace ranged from the Mediterranean to the North Sea to the coasts of North America. In 1763, his ship laden with salt and fishing implements, Walker was determined to start a new life in the trade and fishing industries of Nova Scotia. By 1768 he was successful in establishing a fishing station, shipbuilding site and trading post at Alston Point, Nepisiguit (now Bathurst , New Brunswick). Walker{\textquoteright}s trade encompassed the entire Bay of Chaleur and his company shipped a variety of salt fish to the Mediterranean, London and West Indies markets. Through his personality and honest business dealings Walker won the respect of the Acadians, the Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the few other British who inhabited the Bay. By 1777 war with the revolting colonies saw American Privateers plundering all coastal establishments in British territory. In July of 1778 American raiders destroy the homes and stores of George Walker. The Alston Point property, including the suggested area of the 18th C Walker trading establishment, has recently been declared a Protected Historic site by the Province of New Brunswick.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Conference Paper {9974, title = {Ceramic Variability and Social Identity: Applying Ideas about Technical Choices and Chaine Operatoire to Iroquoian Pottery}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Ethnoarchaeological research has provided many insights into understanding the causes of ceramic variability in the archaeological record. Among these are those that focus on technical choices and manufacturing processes in relation to social boundaries. The ability to examine what was formerly termed function and style in a more unified way through a consideration of technological style provides new insight into the ways variability in ceramics relates to social and group identities and the process of marking social boundaries (whether intentional or not). Analysis of ceramics from two contemporary early historic Seneca village sites provides a database within which to apply results from several ethnoarchaeological studies. Patterns of technological variability as evidenced in vessel morphology, construction, and decorative techniques are analyzed for evidence of the use of material culture as an expression of social boundaries. While insights into Iroquoian ceramic variability and its causes are gained, problems in identifying appropriate interpretations remain and are discussed.}, author = {Kathleen M. Sydoriak Allen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9340, title = {Chiefdoms and Other Archaeological Delusions}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {115-118}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9361, title = {Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communities on the Plateau of Northwestern North America}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {289-292}, editor = {Ken Ames} } @Conference Paper {9985, title = {Camps and Sites in Settlement Pattern Reconstruction: The Nunamiut Case}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {As archaeologists have devoted increasing attention to settlement patterns of hunting peoples, one class of variables which seem to have been neglected concerns patterns of re-occupation of individual sites. This paper presents the results of an initial attempt to analyze site re-occupation patterns of one group{\textendash}the Nunamiut Eskimos of northem Alaska. A total of 257 habitation camps (occupations) at 130 different sites are examined in relation to several environmental and temporal categories. These occupations span the period between 1898 and 1959 and were recorded through ethnographic techniques. Two questions are asked: What were the major factors influencing site re-occupation? In what ways, if any, would the archaeologist be misled in reconstructing this settlement system on the basis of site counts alone? The answers to these questions are considered in terms of their implications for settlement pattern analysis.}, author = {Amsden, C.W.} } @Conference Paper {10001, title = {Conceptions of Coast Salish Warfare}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For the lives of Northwest Coast peoples throughout their prehistory and history, warfare was a common occurrence. Images of warfare feature prominently in contemporary conceptions of Northwest Coast cultures, however, these mostly regard the northern groups, like the Haida, Tlingit, or Kwakwaka{\textquoteright}wakw. The Coast Salish often are portrayed not as warriors, but as victims, subject to the preying of northern raiders, such as the infamous Lekwiltok. In this paper, I discuss these conceptions and posit that current conceptions about the nature of Coast Salish warfare result mostly from a late historic peak in Coast Salish life, a window of fascinating detail, but one that is fogged by the substantial changes in the decades prior to historic chronicles, particularly the differing effects of disease and the access to firearms. Moreover, such views ignore substantial archaeological and ethnographic evidence regarding warfare among the Coast Salish. For this discussion, I integrate the evidence from archaeology, ethnography, and ethnohistory for a more coherent conception of Coast Salish warfare.}, author = {Bill Angelbeck} } @Conference Paper {10003, title = {Copper-alloy Artifacts Recovered from Huron Sites: A Chronological Look at Native Manufacturing Techniques}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of the manufacturing techniques used to create copper-alloy artifacts recovered from a series of attributed Huron archaeological sites in Southern Ontario. An examination of these pieces yields evidence for the chronological development of a series of metalworking techniques which built upon skills employed in the manufacture of other types of objects.}, author = {Lisa ANSELMI} } @Conference Paper {10010, title = {Correlations between Oral Traditions and Archaeology during the Middle Period on the Northern Mainland Coast of British Columbia}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Middle Period (3500 - 1500 BP) was a crucial one in the culture history of the Prince Rupert area with major developments occurring in almost all aspects of life. Although several attempts have been made to account for these changes, as yet no consensus has been reached on the causal factors involved and their relative weight. To advance the discussion, several researchers have begun to work with the rich body of oral traditions passed down by the indigenous groups of the region. When carefully analyzed, oral traditions provide a record of past events that were of enduring cultural importance. As such, they form a natural complement to the archaeological record. The challenge lies in the process of integrating the two sources of historical information within an absolute chronological framework. This paper offers an update on the process with particular attention to settlement data recently gathered within the Dundas Island Group.}, author = {David ARCHER} } @Conference Paper {10019, title = {Cultural Pattern Observations from EbPi-108 and EgPn-564, Two Alberta Plains Late Period Tipi Ring Sites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Two recent studies at tipi ring sites in southwestern Alberta include comparison of the excavation of five ring features from EbPi-108 and a single ring feature site at EgPn-564. Spatial plots of materials at EbPi-108 have reviewed gender and ideological aspects through consideration of models proposed by Gerald Oetelaar in recent years. However, these and other cultural patterns are reconsidered by observation of variable occupation patterns apparent between the multi-ring and multi-component EbPi-108 site relative to a single ring and single component site at EgPn-564. Aspects of seasonality, landscape, and geomorphic processes are brought to bear on the interpretative models oriented about social and ideological schemes. The objective is to build and re-orient extant tipi ring interpretive model concepts towards a more flexible and broader interpretive framework that can be applied to more complex multi-ring and multi-occupation sites.}, author = {Arnold, Elizabeth R. and Ramsay, Charles and Allyson Ramsay} } @Conference Paper {10016, title = {A consideration of some aspects of Thule pottery}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {To date, there have been only casual assessments of the significance of pottery in Thule culture sites of arctic Canada. This paper reviews evidence for the origins, distributions, and varieties of Thule pottery. Information obtained from the analysis of a sample of Thule pottery is interpreted in light of ethnographic descriptions of pottery manufacture in the Arctic. The results of the study provide a basis for evaluating various ideas that have been put forward with regard to the distribution of this cultural trait.}, author = {Arnold, C.} } @Conference Paper {10025, title = {Current Research on Quebec Rock-Art Sites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Until the 1990{\textquoteright}s only a few sites had been studied in the Quebec part of the Canadian Shield. This situation started to change when I set up a multi-disciplinary project named PETRARQ, which aimed at reassessing our methods for studying rock-art sites in the Province. Since then, new decorated panels have been identified within some already known sites, and the six new painted and three engraved sites have been discovered altogether in the boreal forest alone, north of the St. Lawrence Valley. These results suggest that rock-art is not a mere epiphenomenon in Quebec but is part of a larger cognitive and visual symbolic system proper to Algonquian groups who have been inhabiting the Canadian Shield for millennia. This paper intends to shed new lights on this old phenomenon in Quebec compared to the rest of the Shield.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10029, title = {Cultural Property and the Question of Underlying Title}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In asking the question {\textquoteright}who owns the cultural property found at a site,{\textquoteright} it is useful to ask {\textquoteright}who owns the ground itself.{\textquoteright} By ownership in this sense I mean {\textquoteright}jurisdiction.{\textquoteright} It leads to questions about underlying title, sovereignty and treaty rights. In this discussion, I will direct my attention to the question of underlying title as a means to determine ownership of cultural property. I will look at some difficulties this approach creates for accurate determination of ownership and advance possible solutions, both for the long-terrn and the present.}, author = {ASCH, Michael} } @article {11418, title = {CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (Revised Edition 1971-72)}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {4}, year = {1972}, pages = {125-132}, author = {Canadian Archaeological Association} } @article {11413, title = {Constitution and By-Laws of the Canadian Archaeological Association}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {001-004}, author = {Canadian Archaeological Association} } @Conference Paper {10053, title = {Cultural Resource Management Archaeology in Maine: A View from the University of Maine at Farmington}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Since 1984 the University of Maine Archaeology Research Center has completed nearly 30 Cultural Resource Management assessments in the state of Maine. These projects have been mandated by state and federal statutes and have been completed for both private and public concerns primarily in previously understudied interior settings of Maine. This work is not simply "rescue{\textquoteright} or "salvage" archaeology but is research-oriented. As a result of these investigations, data from more than 500 archaeological sites (prehistoric aboriginal, historic aboriginal, and Euroamerican) or at least one-fifth of all of the recorded sites in Maine has been recovered and is undergoing assessment. This data will permit us to clarify and expand existing models of aboriginal occupation and utilization of the interior of Maine as well as allow us to pose new ones. An example of the wealth of information recovered during Archaeology Research Center investigations is drawn from the Androscoggin River valley located in western Maine and will be discussed in this presentation.}, author = {Baker, Thomas R.} } @article {9487, title = {Cost Effectiveness and Time Management Evaluation of Intensive Recovery Techniques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {075-097}, abstract = {

An evaluation of intensive recovery techniques is provided under the scrutiny of time management. This paper first reviews the potential biases inherent in coarse sieving using mammal remains from the Great Basin as an example. The example illustrates quantitatively how the importance of smaller taxa in the assemblage increases as a function of decreasing sieve size. Next the results of a multiple mesh sieving experiment are presented using data recovered from the Ross Site, a multi-component camp site through 12.7, 6.35, 1.59 and 0.85 mm sieves and the frequencies of vertebrate faunal remains, gastropods, insect eggs, plant seeds, and cultural lithics were tabulated. Regression equations describing the percent loss and recovery for both lithics and bones are given. Discussion concerning the recognition rates for tub-water separation, wet sieving, wet froth flotation, and simple flotation are evaluated. This detailed review leads to the conclusian that the simple flotation apparatus of P.J. Watson (17.6 man hours/cubic metre) and the Cambridge froth flotation machine (27.2 man hours/cubic metre) are the most cost effective. This performance could be further enhanced through the use of chemicals. Sorting rates, as gleaned from the literature for a variety of deposits, are also presented. Bearing in mind the considerable variation in site contents we are able to generalize, for the purposes of time management in mitigation, that 100 to 150 man hours are required to sort one cubic metre of processed material.

}, author = {Bruce F. Ball and Peter T. Bobrowsky} } @Conference Paper {10073, title = {COLONIZATION FROM WITHIN: THE {\textquoteright}PERIPHERALIZATION{\textquoteright} OF VIKING AGE ORKNEY}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In the 11th century the autonomous Viking Age {\textquoteright}chiefdom{\textquoteright} of Orkney was transformed into a periphery of medieval Christian Europe. This paper integrates archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence to investigate the cultural processes that caused this transformation. It contrasts the role of external economic pressures and internal dialectical forces. I suggest that the efforts of a single lineage to consolidate secular and symbolic power may have been the catalyst of socioeconomic change. Earls such as Thorfinnr Sigurdarson sought to marginalize their competitors through recourse to pragmatic and symbolic support from the royal and ecclesiastical elite of neighbouring states. While their strategy was successful in the short term, it probably had an irreversible impact on the character of Orcadian society. This study provides a glimpse of wider processes underlying the transformation from {\textquoteright}Dark Age{\textquoteright} to medieval Europe. Moreover, it provides a model of {\textquoteright}colonization{\textquoteright} without population movement which may prove relevant to episodes of culture-contact elsewhere in the North Atlantic region.}, author = {James H. Barrett} } @Conference Paper {10078, title = {Cultural Resources Management for U.S. Water Pollution Control Facilities in New York State, 1976-98}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The presentation will begin with a description of the evolution of cultural resources management techniques and practices in the New York State Construction Grants Program. Management of these resources is achieved by integrating federal environmental and historic preservation reviews into one effective process for the identification, evaluation and protection of historic properties. Successful and problematic case studies will be presented. These will include: the use of remote sensing in identifying an urban historic archaeological district; integration of data on factory complexes into exhibits at the treatment plant and in the local school; protective measures for a 200 acre prehistoric and settlers{\textquoteright} site; unique problems posed by accidental discovery on two separate construction sites of cemeteries (one Native American, the other Colonial).}, author = {Basa, Louise A.} } @Conference Paper {10082, title = {Canine Health and Human Analogy: Dogs as Surrogate Indicators of Human Health Status}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Dog remains are familiar components of zooarchaeological assemblages. Traditionally, they are quantified and recorded in similar ways to other forms of faunal evidence. Yet most faunal remains are vestiges of past meals, and equate to little more than a sorted roster of menu items. Dogs, however, represent a unique form of cultural evidence that may more fully inform both archaeologists and physical anthropologists alike. Considering that dogs were bred, fed, cared for, trained by and spent their lifetime in the company of humans, their contribution to the archaeological record is more cultural than strictly biological. I propose that dogs have, therefore, been underutilised as alternative lines of supporting evidence in relation to such disparate issues as health in past human communities. This paper will contrast and compare the results of the paleopathological analysis of domestic canid remains from two distinct regions of Canada: the Northwest Coast and south-central Ontario. Results suggest that dog remains share skeletal stresses similar to those found in contemporaneous human populations. Furthermore, such evidence may illustrate other forms of stress not easily recognized on human skeletal remains. It is therefore suggested that dogs be considered as independent indicators of health status in past human communities.}, author = {Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12549, title = {Challenging Colonial Narratives: Nineteenth-Century Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {259-261}, editor = {Jeff Seibert} } @article {9490, title = {A Compendium and Evaluation of Postglacial Pollen Records in Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {092-112}, author = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10102, title = {Comment les documents lient l{\textquoteright}histoire {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie : l{\textquoteright}exemple de Red Bay}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Ce propos a pour but d{\textquoteright}illustrer un autre exemple de la compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} de l{\textquoteright}histoire {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie. Cette compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} s{\textquoteright}est refl{\'e}t{\'e}e dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de documents notari{\'e}s bisca{\"\i}ens du 16e si{\'e}cle pour le projet du baleinier de Red Bay. La documentation provient de diff{\'e}rents fonds d{\textquoteright}archives de la province basque de Gipuzkoa en Espagne. {\`a} cette {\'e}poque, la renomm{\'e}e des constructeurs de bateaux de la c{\^o}te bisca{\"\i}enne n{\textquoteright}{\'e}tait pas {\`a} faire. Toutefois, jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} r{\'e}cemment, aucune {\'e}tude approfondie de leurs m{\'e}thodes de construction n{\textquoteright}avait {\'e}t{\'e} entreprise. Les fouilles men{\'e}es {\`a} Red Bay donneront essor {\`a} plusieurs sujets de recherche dont celui-ci. Voici les r{\'e}sultats obtenus dans le cadre de la construction navale. Un examen minutieux de chacun des documents par sujet nous permit de r{\'e}unir des d{\'e}tails tr{\'e}s int{\'e}ressants sur la traite du bois, le gr{\'e}ement, l{\textquoteright}architecture et la construction navale. Ces pr{\'e}cisions nous donn{\'e}rent une meilleure compr{\'e}hension du r{\^o}le des divers acteurs impliqu{\'e}s dans cette industrie. Elles nous donn{\'e}rent aussi une compr{\'e}hension am{\'e}lior{\'e}e de la provenance et des lieux de transformation des mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res, des modes de transport, des divers m{\'e}tiers impliqu{\'e}s, des lieux de construction, etc. En ce qui a trait {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie, l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de ces documents nous {\'e}claira sur la m{\'e}thode de construction des bateaux par le biais de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des m{\'e}tiers, les outils employ{\'e}s, les noms des diverses pi{\'e}ces de bois, des {\'e}l{\'e}ments du gr{\'e}ement, leur fonction et localisation, donn{\'e}es importantes pour permettre la reconstitution fid{\'e}le de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}pave. Ceci n{\textquoteright}est qu{\textquoteright}un {\'e}chantillon des possibilit{\'e}s offertes par l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de ces documents. En effet, ces derniers regorgent d{\textquoteright}informations de toutes sortes. Pour terminer, notre expos{\'e} vous en d{\'e}voilera les principaux th{\'e}mes.}, author = {Beauvais, Suzanne} } @Conference Paper {10107, title = {Contexte environnemental et impacts environnementaux sur l{\textquoteright}occupation pr{\'e}historique de Port au Choix, c{\^o}te nord-ouest de Terre-Neuv}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Trevor Bell and Joyce Macpherson and Renouf, M.A.P.} } @article {11249, title = {Chronological Modeling and Insights on European- St. Lawrence Iroquoian Interaction from the Roebuck Site, Ontario}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {332{\textendash}347}, abstract = {

Advances in laboratory methods and chronological modeling have greatly refined the practice of radiocarbon dating, permitting more precise age-estimates for archaeological sites and materials than have been previously possible. This report presents new AMS dates on maize and bone collagen from a European-worked needle case from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian Roebuck site. Those dates are then re-presented within a series of Bayesian models to illustrate the benefits of chronological frameworks which include prior information. The results produce an estimate of Roebuck\’s occupation as beginning cal A.D. 1474\–1568 and ending cal A.D. 1524\–1587 (2 sigma), placing the needle case in the very early protohistoric period.

}, author = {Jennifer Birch and Carley A. Crann and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10167, title = {Community Archaeology at Bonnechere Provincial Park and Murphy{\textquoteright}s Point Provincial Park}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The evolution and results of a one-week integrated educational archaeology opportunity at Bonnechere Provincial Park in 2001 will be discussed and evaluated. This unique experiential program served as the catalyst for an even more structured and focussed approach at Murphy{\textquoteright}s Point Provincial Park in 2004 and 2005. Various complimentary program components will be highlighted and critiqued. These will be incorporated into a proposal for a "new community archaeology", and its pertinence to elementary school classes.}, author = {Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10191, title = {The Circle Unfolds: Towards an Understanding of the Traditional Cosmology of the Piik_ni and Sioux Peoples / {\textquoteright}Le cercle r{\'e}v{\'e}l\&eacu}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {For many North American Native people, the circle represents the cycle of life. It is a symbol of infinity and interconnectedness. However, this belief transcends the boundaries of the physical world; its inception lies within the spiritual world. As such, there exists a reciprocal relationship between the spiritual and the terrestrial worlds and such a relationship is reflected by the American Indian through certain actions and rituals. It is my intent in this paper to examine the idea of numerical symbolism, and especially interpretations of the number 4, within the context of the sweat and the Sun Dance ceremonies of the Piik_ni and Siouan peoples and how such symbolism provides evidence of a connection for these people between themselves and their cosmos.}, author = {BOSCH, Katherine A.} } @Conference Paper {10200, title = {Caribou Remains at Thandl\‰t: Archaeology and Paleoecology of Some Well-Preserved Sites on Ice Patches in the Southwestern Yukon}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In 1997 well-preserved prehistoric organic artifacts and faunal material were discovered melting out of a permanent snow patch in the Kusawa Lake area of the southwestern Yukon. Radiocarbon dates on caribou fecal remains from stratified deposits within the snow patch indicate that these animals were present in the area at least 2500 years ago, although they are absent in the region today. A wooden dart/arrow shaft recovered from the edge of the snow patch dates to 4300 years ago, and is a rare example of mid-Holocene organic technology in North America. The exceptional preservation of archaeological remains and high quality paleoenvironmental data at the Thandl\‰t site offers a rare opportunity to explore a number of questions regarding human use of montane sites, the ecology of prehistoric caribou, and implications of climate change on caribou populations.}, author = {BOWYER, Vandy and Gerald W. KUZYK and Donald E. RUSSELL and Richard S. FARNELL and Ruth M. GOTTHARDT and P. Gregory HARE and Erik BLAKE} } @Conference Paper {10233, title = {The Children of Dunbow: Closure on a Sad Burial Incident}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The St. Joseph (Dunbow) Mission school, southeast of Calgary, was operated by the Oblate Fathers from the 1880s to about 1920. Intended to teach Native children useful western skills and to discourage traditional culture, children were recruited from many tribal groups including all three Blackfoot Nations, Cree, Tsuu T{\textquoteright}ina as well as Metis. Inevitably, increased contact with Euro-Canadians also led to an increase in disease and many Native children died while at the school. Locating family members in a timely manner was not always possible and several dozen children were buried at a cemetery established on the banks of the Highwood river near the Dunbow school. In recent years the river has cut into the banks beneath this cemetery sending caskets and bones downstream. This situation created a dilemma for all involved - the Church, Aboriginal people, government departments, the local landowner. Who is responsible for unmarked, unregistered burials and human remains? Can or should anything be done, or should nature take its course? This paper chronicles several years of events surrounding the story of the Dunbow cemetery, and how Aboriginal groups and resource managers worked together to bring a dramatic conclusion to this unfortunate situation.}, author = {Jack Brink and Rhonda DeLorme} } @article {11934, title = {Chronometric Precision and Accuracy: Radiocarbon and Luminescence Age Estimates for Pacific Northwest Cooking Features}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {240-254}, abstract = {

Advances in chronometric dating are needed to refine chronologies and models of cultural change, and bridging arguments are needed to link age estimates with cultural events. We compare three dating approaches using matched samples from cooking features at three sites in the Puget Sound, finding that luminescence dates for fire-modified rock (FMR), and radiocarbon dates on calcined bone are congruent with radiocarbon dates for charcoal. Dates derived from different media on single features are often within 100 years of each other. We discuss the relative advantages of each type of dating. Calcined bone survives well in acidic soils and yields reliable, accurate, and highly precise age estimates. Luminescence dating is highly accurate, especially if the FMR was sufficiently heated, but has low precision. Calcined bone and FMR should be dated more often, and dated together when charcoal cannot be relied upon. Such practice will allow us to better mark and explain rates of economic changes by locale and region.

}, author = {James W. Brown and James K. Feathers and James C. Chatters and Patrick T. McCutcheon and Steven Hackenberger} } @Conference Paper {10248, title = {A Culture History Model for the Plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The authors argue that, for the period beginning 5-7,000 BP and extending to ca. 1,000 BP presently identified cultural complexes within the defined region can all be related to two broad cultural traditions referred to as Alsask Mondak. The authors discuss the characteristics and spatial distribution of these two traditions through time. During the last 1,000 years, two additional cultural traditions are introduced into the southem and eastern portions of the study area: the Wymont Tradition and the Extended Coalescent Tradition. The authors discuss the presently known characteristics and spatial distributions of these two traditions as well.}, author = {BRUMLEY, John H. and Patrick J. RENNIE} } @Conference Paper {10258, title = {Coffin Hardware and Children{\textquoteright}s Burials in Nineteenth Century Ontario}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Evidence of the presence or absence and the form of coffin hardware on children{\textquoteright}s burials from the 19th century provides insight into the role and perception of children and into how death ritual may have differed in public and private environments. This study investigated coffin hardware handles from St. Thomas{\textquoteright} Anglican Church cemetery in Belleville, Ontario. Its aim was to understand any relationship between age and the use of coffin handles during the 19th century. Comparison of coffin handle ornamentation and handle size indicated that children usually had smaller coffin handles, but were generally provided as much decoration as other age groups. Because coffin hardware is much less commonly found in children{\textquoteright}s burials in family cemeteries, its presence in public areas may indicate that even in death, it was necessary to keep up appearances.}, author = {Danielle Budhoo and Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10259, title = {The Conflict between Cultural Resource Management and Economic Development on Reserve: A Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en Case Study}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In the summer of 2004, the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en experienced difficulties in establishing a balance between cultural heritage resource management (CHRM) and economic development. With the acquisition of federal funding necessary to complete a cultural interpretive centre, the Moricetown Band began the initial steps to construct the centre in the Moricetown Canyon, an area rich with sites dated to 6000 B.P. Unfortunately plans for the project did not include CHRM. Subsequently, the Office of the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en intervened and performed a salvage excavation that resulted in the discovery of thousands of artifacts and human remains. Accordingly, the project plans had to be changed leading to complications.Provincial and federal policies that govern CHRM on Reserve Lands failed to mandate the necessary steps that would have avoided this situation. As a result, due to their ongoing reactionary nature, lack of planning for CHRM, and insufficient community and hereditary consultation, the Moricetown Band has lost a significant portion of their initial funding for their project. Ironically, in the process to construct a cultural interpretive center, the Moricetown Band has destroyed significant amounts of their cultural heritage. It will also suggest potential steps for avoiding such situations in the future.}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10260, title = {Corr{\'e}lations entre les {\'e}v{\'e}nements pal{\'e}o{\'e}cologiques catastrophiques et la tradition orale autochtone dans la r\&eacu}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Obituaries {11429, title = {C. Moira Irvine (1941-1989)}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {225-226}, author = {Don Bunyan and R.G. Matson} } @Conference Paper {10271, title = {Changing Meanings, Changing Roles: Archaeometry of European and Native Materials from Early Contact Period Sites in the Far Northeast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The earliest phase of Aboriginal-European contact in the far Northeast remains to this day poorly understood. European documentary sources for the sixteenth and first decades of the seventeenth centuries are meager and sometimes contradictory with respect to aboriginal lifeways in the Maritimes, Maine and eastern Quebec region. Archaeology, combined with archaeometric analyses, can improve our knowledge of this elusive period in Northeast history. European materials are often incorporated alongside aboriginal materials on many Contact period sites in the Northeast. In some cases these materials are found in contexts of symbolic significance such as burials. In order to better understand the role that these European materials might play in aboriginal life and afterlife, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were conducted on European and Native materials from early Contact period sites in Maine and Quebec. Comparable materials from other contact and prehistoric sites in the greater Northeast were analyzed in order to provide baseline data. Despite the fundamental changes which aboriginal society underwent following European contact, the use of European equivalents to aboriginal materials seems to show continuity as well as change in how these materials are incorporated into the physical and symbolic life of aboriginal people during the earliest Contact period.}, author = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Conference Paper {10289, title = {CRM in the Ivory Tower}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Both in Canada and in the United States, the vast majority of university graduates in archaeology find employment in the CRM field. Notwithstanding this fact, very few universities offer more than a token CRM related course, and academic faculty shun the notion of applied training for students. Brian Fagan, quite appropriately, labels the situation An Academic Time Warp. Our paper provides a survey of CRM in the Ivory Tower highlighting on-going program developments in CRM at Sonoma State (California) and Simon Fraser universities.}, author = {David Burley and Margaret Purser} } @Conference Paper {10294, title = {The Ceramics from the Tara and Ireland Sites : Three Terminal Glen Meyer Components in the Burlington/Crawford Lake Area}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In the summer of 1990, two overlapping villages at the Tara Site and a third village at the Ireland Site, were completely excavated by the Ministry of Transportation, central Region in the Burlington area just southeast of the well-known Crawford Lake area. Analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these three sites indicates an ethnic affiliation with the Glen Meyer late in the 13th century. In light of these results, the hypothesis of a distinction between Glen Meyer and Pickering in the Early Ontario Iroquoian Period appears supported at the expense of clinal variation. Further implications oft his ethnic affiliation, however, are that the Bennett and Gunby sites, previously assigned to the late Pickering, are instead Uren Substage sites evolved from a Glen Meyer base. This conclusion would seriously undermine the basis of the Conquest Hypothesis . Finally, it can be noted that the presumed boundary between the Neutral and the Southern division Huron, located between the Crawford Lake area and the Credit River in the late prehistoric period, appears to have an ancestry in the early Late Woodland, coincident with the boundary between the Glen Meyer and Pickering.}, author = {Bursey, Jeff A.} } @Conference Paper {10311, title = {Comments on Mainland Origins of Preceramic Cultures of the Greater Antilles}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {For several decades it has been hypothesized that the early Preceramic cultures of the Greater Antilles might owe there origin to cultures of the Yucatan mainland. Currently this hypothesis has at least a tentative acceptance. However, no detailed comparative analysis of the relevant materials has been conducted. Here, significant differences between the assemblages of the two regions are pointed out. Other mainland origins have been suggested but some have not been investigated well archaeologically. Finally, a simulation investigating the possibility of discovering the Greater Antilles from various mainland regions and subsequent travel between the islands and the mainland is presented. The results show that chance discovery of the Greater Antilles from the Yucatan Peninsula is not as likely as from Northern South America. Despite the greater distance, navigation between Northern South America and the Greater Antilles requires less navigation skill than from the Yucatan Peninsula.}, author = {Callaghan, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10319, title = {Cultural Contact and Interaction Reflected in Fauna: The Huron of South Central Ontario}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper highlights changes to the subsistence patterns of Huron groups in south central Ontario during the prehistoric, protohistoric and historic periods. An analysis of the faunal material from a group of Huron sites from the Trent River Valley, Victoria County, has revealed that changing subsistence strategies can be related to the arrival of Europeans and the dispersal of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. These sites range in date from AD 1450 to 1615 and include both village and associated resource exploitation sites. Relating the changes in Huron subsistence strategies through time to the cultural forces/changes that motivated these shifts creates a more complete picture of the Huron confederacy at the time of European contact and in the periods preceding this contact.}, author = {Campbell, Jennifer L.} } @Conference Paper {10336, title = {Canine Diet at Namu, British Columbia: The Implications for Zooarchaeological Interpretation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of dog bone from the site of Namu on the central coast of British Columbia is used to verify transitions in human diet inferred from zooarchaeological evidence. Faunal evidence shows a specific sequence of changes including increasing use of shellfish and an increase, peak, and subsequent decline in the proportion of salmon in the diet. Unlike human skeletal remains, dog bones are available for the entire temporal sequence of fauna-bearing cultural deposits. The isotope content of dog bone can therefore provide an dine-scaled monitor of transitions in palaeo-diet. The results of this study show the value of using bone chemistry analysis in conjunction with zoo-archaeological analysis and interpretation.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10325, title = {The contexts of some early to mid Holocene sites on the Central Coast of British Columbia}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The contexts of some early to mid Holocene sites on the Central Coast of British Columbia. Core-testing of shell-midden sites in the Namu vicinity has revealed evidence of early to mid Holocene (10,000-5000 BP) occupation at three locations, in addition to the well-documented early occupation at Namu itself. All of these early sites occur on terraces that are greater than three metres in elevation, which contrasts with the lower elevations of initial occupation at more recent sites. Apart from elevation, the locational attributes of the early sites are highly varied, suggesting a diverse range of possible site functions. These few results from preliminary site testing highlight the potential effectiveness of core-testing for the investigation of early Holocene occupations, and point to a range of environmental and cultural factors relevant to the locations and discovery of early settlement in this region.}, author = {CANNON, A.} } @Obituaries {9933, title = {Charles E. Borden (1905{\textendash}1978)}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {233-239}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Symposium Papers {10961, title = {Cultural resource management and conservation archaeology in British Columbia: A case study}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {133-146}, author = {A. Charlton} } @article {13901, title = {Charles Abbott and the Trenton Gravels Reconsidered: Late Nineteenth-Century Exploration of Human Antiquity in the Americas}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {101-129}, abstract = {

The refutation of Charles Abbott{\textquoteright}s 1872 claim of having recovered Paleolithic artifacts in the Trenton Gravels is a key event in the early history of North American archaeology{\textemdash}with particularly important implications for the archaeology of the Northeast. This article re-examines the historical record, along with a portion of the Abbott Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Museum (Penn Museum), to argue that the case against Abbott was flawed. Thus, rather than a triumph of scientific rigour over the bumbling of an amateur, the triumph of William Henry Holmes over Abbott was more an expression of the dynamics of the emerging academic discipline of archaeology.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.2.101}, author = {Michael Chazan} } @Conference Paper {10378, title = {A Chain is not a Sequence: The Temporality of the Cha{\^\i}ne Op{\'e}ratoire}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Over the last ten years the concept of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has been widely adopted by North American lithic analysts. In the process the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has come to be viewed as largely synonymous with reduction sequence and an emphasis has been placed on the aspect of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire that recognizes the dynamic nature of stone tool production. This emphasis on the dynamic or sequential aspects of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has come at the cost of neglecting the importance the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire affords to the concepts that underlie technical processes. This paper will focus on the ambiguous temporality of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire . Recognizing the temporal complexity of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire is an important step in understanding the implications of this concept to a holistic approach to lithic analysis that includes the knowledge and skill of the knapper.}, author = {Chazan, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10397, title = {The Ceramic Figurines of The Karaja Indians: A Case Study in Stylistic Interpretation}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Karaja Indians of Brazil have manufactured figurines for the tourist market since the late 1950s. Drawing on earlier traditional contexts of artistic production, the figurines are now produced almost exclusively for the tourist market. This paper traces the shifting meanings associated with Karaja figurines, the impact of cultural brokerage in production and on traditional knowledge systems and the general processes associated with the commodification of this unique form of cultural expression. The implications for stylistic interpretation form the basis for the conclusions to this paper.}, author = {Churchill, Elizabeth and Anne English} } @Conference Paper {10398, title = {Cultural resource management and its relationships to archaeology}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Using a number of examples drawn from the Canadian scene as well as from selected foreign contexts, we will attempt an examination of various conflicting trends that can be taken as symptomatic of a growing series of malaises and contradictions identifiable at many levels of Canadian archaeology (sensu lato). More specifically, we will scrutinize and discuss the integrative mechanisms that are believed to underlie the current practice of archaeology.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10427, title = {The Classic Maya as Art Historical Subject:A Call for Re-Direction}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Why has the representational art of the Maya become the focus for so many archaeologists of vastly different fieldwork experience? And why are advances in analysis of social process, such as those provided by critical theories and post-structural methodologies, so rarely applied? Does nationalism preclude embrace of certain methodologies? Do some scholars retreat into increasingly fanciful and positivist reconstructions of ancient Maya society not despite the nightmare of repression and genocide that has befallen the living Maya but in reaction to it? Indeed, the efficacy of focusing on representation may derive from older Art Historical methodologies noted for their ability to separate objects from lived econornic and political realities in order to recontextualize thern in idealized and elite-defined settings. We must formulate a methodology which resists idealizing Ancient Maya society and which reckons with the impact of academic theorizing on current political situations.}, author = {Cohodas, Marvin} } @article {9536, title = {Causes of Toolkit Variation Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Test of Four Competing Hypotheses}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {1-19}, abstract = {

Variation in subsistence-related material culture is an important aspect of the archaeological and ethnographic records, but the factors that are responsible for it remain unclear. Here, we examine this issue by evaluating four factors that may affect the diversity and complexity of the food-getting tools employed by hunter-gatherer populations: 1) the nature of the food resources; 2) risk of resource failure; 3) residential mobility; and 4) population size. We apply step-wise multiple regression analysis to technological and ecological data for 20 hunter-gatherer populations from several regions of the world. The analyses support the hypothesis that risk of resource failure has a significant impact on toolkit diversity and complexity. The results do not support the hypothesis that the characteristics of the resources exploited for food influence toolkit structure, or that residential mobility affects toolkit diversity and complexity. They are also not in line with the hypothesis that population size has an impact on toolkit structure. While our analyses appear to strongly support the suggestion that resource failure risk is the primary influence on hunter-gatherer toolkit structure, we argue that it would be premature to discount the other factors at this stage, and outline the steps that we believe need to be taken next.

}, author = {Mark Collard and Michael Kemery and and Samantha Banks} } @article {9538, title = {Collaboration, Partnerships, and Relationships within a Corporate World}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {541-562}, abstract = {

Incorporating community involvement and collaboration in archaeological research is difficult in the best of situations, but is it even possible from within large corporate Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firms? Can archaeologists draw from established community-based participatory research (CBPR) and apply its principles to CRM archaeology? Given that commercial archaeology involves potentially multiple conflicting stakeholders, time and budget constraints, narrow work parameters, and many other intricacies, those of us seeking a more equitable approach have found the application of collaborative practices much more challenging. Using lessons learned during a major excavation project in British Columbia\’s Lower Mainland, we suggest methods and techniques for bridging the gap between the academic model of community-based participatory research and the more practical considerations required of consulting archaeology. These examples represent small steps in moving towards a future where CRM helps facilitate the development of sustainable community partnerships through collaborative praxis transforming archaeology (Atalay et al. 2014).

}, author = {Sean P. Connaughton and Mike Leon and James Herbert} } @article {11801, title = {Canadian Digital Archaeology: On Boundaries and Futures}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {038-045}, author = {Katherine Cook and Mary E. Compton} } @Conference Paper {10440, title = {Canoe Routes and Lithic Distributions}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The increased precipitation and colder weather over the last 5,000 years raised lake and river levels significantly improving their utility for human travel and transport. The birch bark canoe gave humans unparalleled access to food resources and larger cultural networks poorly understood today. On the Maritime Peninsula, bisected by large north to south flowing rivers whose headwaters flow from a common highland and whose east-west tributaries nearly intertwine, prehistoric people used birch bark canoes to establish a variety of routes also used by subsequent cultural groups as revealed by archaeological remains and the distribution of distinctive lithic materials.}, author = {David Cook} } @Conference Paper {10464, title = {Ceramics and Chronology of the Late Prehistoric Period: the Abitibi-Temiscamingue Case}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Since more than 10 years, the Abitibi-Temiscamingue region in Quebec has benefited from a well structured archaeological research programme. Among various discoveries, the notable presence of ceramic remains in a boreal context has been intruiging since the beginning of our researches. In effect, the discovery of this medium in important numbers, associated with other categories of archaeological remains, allows a refinement of the occupational chronology during the Late Prehistoric period of the region, and informs us quite precisely about the cultural affinities and the circulation direction of goods and ideas in the interaction networks. In this presentation, we will examine two phenomenas that we observed among some ceramic collections. It seems that the Algonquians living in the Abitibi-Temiscamingue region have, on two occasions, abandonned a ceramic tradition to adopt an other one which most likely came from outside the region. And this happened in a very short period of time. We suggest some working hypothesis to explain those facts.}, author = {C{\^o}t{\'e}, Marc and Leila Inksetter} } @Conference Paper {10466, title = {Changing House and Household Form during the Late Prehistoric Period on the Northern Northwest Coast / La transformation des habitations et de la comm}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeological evidence from two village sites in the Prince Rupert lower Skeena River area, the McNichol Creek site and the Clay Creek site, reveals significant increases in house size, as well as changes in construction technique, during the last 1500 years. Correlated with this increase in house size are changes in household form. Clearly, northern Northwest Coast households became larger and more complexly organized after 1500 BP, a period when many archaeologists argue that the ethnographic cultural pattern had become firmly established. We explore some of the implications of these changes in household organization.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Andrew Martindale} } @Conference Paper {10478, title = {Can mineralogy tell us about inequality? X-ray diffraction as an archaeological tool}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Current research at the Chalcolithic site of Tel Tsaf, Israel is focused on identifying the emergence of economic inequality. My PhD project employs a number of geology and geochemistry procedures. This paper is focused on the potential of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) in archaeological contexts. This technique is being used at Tel Tsaf to identify the mineralogy of wall and floor plaster, as well as mudbrick. It is hoped that comparing and contrasting composition can demonstrate variation in floor construction and quality of plaster. In addition, the composition of mud-bricks used to construct various architectural forms may indicate whether all the bricks were constructed using the same material and technique, or if there is variation in quality and composition of material across structures. These results may indicate either variation in use of space or an unequal access to resources.}, author = {Court, Emily M.} } @Conference Paper {10480, title = {Cultural Stability and Change During the Pre-Dorset Period in Labrador}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Site Nuasomak-2 is located on Nuasomak Island in the Okak region of the north-central Labrador coast. The site contains a minimum of 39 Pre-Dorset structures, mostly tent rings, on a series of raised beach terraces. Investigation of the site in 1987 indicated that Pre-Dorset occupation of the island had been nearly continuous from about 4000 B.P. to about 2500 B.P. The evidence suggests a long period of cultural stability, with little change in lithic technology, lasting to about 3000 B.P., at which time there was rapid change to a Dorset-like cultural form.}, author = {Cox, Steven L.} } @article {9547, title = {The Cape Flattery Fur Seal: An Extinct Species of Callorhinus in the Eastern North Pacific?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {152-174}, abstract = {

Fur seal skeletal remains have been found in many archaeological sites on the central Northwest Coast. Although these sites lie adjacent to the annual spring migration route of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) as they head north to the Bering Sea, evidence is mounting that the archaeological remains came from a non-migratory population. Although this is not a novel suggestion, new developments have dictated another look at the issue. Measurements of modern rookery-aged juveniles compared to archaeological fur seal remains from western Vancouver Island verify that un-weaned pups were harvested, while a virtually unknown historical document describes distinct differences in behaviour and pelage between the fur seals of Cape Flattery and C. ursinus. Although we suspect the former might have been a distinct species and deserves a full-scale taxonomic investigation, the evidence provided here nevertheless demonstrates conclusively that a locally-breeding, non-migratory population of fur seal was once well-established on the central Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Susan J. Crockford and S. Gay Frederick and and Rebecca J. Wigen} } @Conference Paper {10493, title = {Continuity and Change on the Northwest Coast: Insights from Cladistic Analyses of Perishable and Non-Perishable Artifacts}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {It is clear from wet site archaeological research and from ethnographic collections that artifacts made of wood and fiber regularly comprised over 90\% of the material culture of the populations in the Pacific Northwest prior to contact. Yet, because wood and fiber artifacts do not usually preserve well, they have not featured prominently in the efforts of archaeologists to shed light on the ancient history of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. Rather, archaeologists working in the region have relied heavily on stone, bone-antler and shell artifacts to generate their cultural historical hypotheses. In the study reported here we used cladistic tree-building methods from evolutionary biology to investigate whether the evolution of basketry artifacts mirrors that of non-perishable artifacts. Significantly, the tree derived from the stone, bone-antler and shell data differs from the trees derived from the basketry data. The former cluster sites by traditional phase time periods, whereas the latter cluster sites geographically. This suggests that there was a difference in the transmission of information regarding the manufacture and use of the two groups of artifacts. Ideas pertaining to the artifacts made of stone, bone-antler and shell seem to have been shared widely, whereas ideas associated with the artifacts made of basketry were not. There are several possible explanations for this difference, but ethnographic evidence suggests that it is probably primarily a result of the basketry artifacts playing a role in ethnic identity signaling in a way that the stone, bone-antler and shell artifacts did not.}, author = {Croes, Dale and Mark Collard and Katherine M. Kelly} } @Conference Paper {10498, title = {Cautionary Tales to Cultural Translations}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In this paper, I suggest that many of the challenges faced by emerging indigenous archaeologies parallel those encountered by ethnoarchaeology. Archaeology once eagerly anticipated the new perspectives that it assumed ethnoarchaeology would bring to archaeological interpretation. However, as ethnographic knowledge increasingly challenged many of the core tropes of archaeology{\textquoteright}s conceptual models, some archaeologists began to critique ethnoarchaeology for what it saw as the production of cautionary tales and trivial knowledge. I argue that at the core of this dispute is a fundamental misunderstanding about the role of "source-side" research in archaeological interpretation and suggest ways that both ethnoarchaeological and indigenous perspectives can contribute to a robust archaeological enterprise.}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @article {9549, title = {Ceramic Variation and Ethnic Holism: A Case Study from the "Younge-Early Ontario Iroquoian Border" in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {001-027}, abstract = {

Archaeologists have tended to assume that ethnic groups\&$\#$39; are holistic; that they form homogeneous, coherent, and discrete social entities. In Ontario, ethnic entities are identified archaeologically through decorative patterns that indicate ethnic affiliation. In this case study, I examine the degree that holism can be identified along the hypothesized \&$\#$39;Younge phase Western Basin-Early Ontario Iroquoian\&$\#$39; boundary through an analysis of ceramics from the Van Bree site. While ceramic material from Van Bree indicates that a distinct ethnic border probably separated the producers of Younge and Early Ontario \&$\#$39;Iroquois\&$\#$39; ceramics, it also suggests that these groups did not form holistic social entities that used decorative variation to symbolize their respective ethnic identities.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @Conference Paper {10507, title = {Culturally Induced Tooth Wear Patterns In Prehistoric Canadian West Coast People}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {This paper presents dental evidence for culturally induced patterns of tooth wear in precontact skeletons of the Prince Rupert Harbour region, British Columbia. In historic times the area was inhabited by the Coast Tsimshian. Two unrelated types of tooth wear were observed over and above that produced by the processes of mastication. In the mandibles of 12 people, including both sexes, the labial surfaces of anterior tooth crowns were polished. The dentine had been exposed in several instances. These wear patterns could be ascribed to the abrasive action of a stone labret. The second type of wear was evidenced by thin linear grooves on the occlusal surfaces of anterior teeth in five mandibles. All bone were those of females. This type of wear may have resulted from using the teeth to soften cedar bark fibres for the weaving of blankets. Among the historic Tsimshian, this art was the exclusive property of women.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @Conference Paper {10533, title = {Contract Archaeology in Nova Scotia:The Good,The Bad and The Ugly}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The paper will provide an overview of the changing nature of archaeology in Nova Scotia. As a long time player in provincial archaeology the author has witnessed the good, the bad and the ugly. The paper will deal with issues such as the conflicts which arise when an academic dabbling in a Free Market Enterprise. The question of whether nor not there are any benefits of an academic doing contract work beyond the obvious monetary rewards will be investigated. Although not a central theme there will be some discussion contrasting the contract business in Canada with that of the U.K. again looking at conflicts and benefits. One final issue will be a discussion on the growing and potentially dangerous use of contract archaeology as a political tool. These topics will be presented with case studies to illustrate various points.}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Conference Paper {10541, title = {Clovis Beveled Shafts: What{\textquoteright}s the Point?}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The function of cylindrical bone and ivory shafts frequently found associated with Clovis fluted points has been the subject of much discussion. Functions as foreshafts, levers for tightening binding, wedges to facilitate butchering, sled runners, and composite flintknapping devices, although appealing, in most cases seem more elaborate than their form suggests. The function as foreshafts or component parts of composite shafts, which may or may not have included stone or wood components can adequately account for the formal variation in most of these artifacts. Ethnographic examples of similar shaft construction in the arctic are considered an appropriate functional analogue.}, author = {DAWE, Bob} } @Conference Paper {10559, title = {Current Research in Beothuk Paleoethnobotany}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ongoing paleoethnobotanical research is providing new insights into Beothuk plant use and early Beothuk-European relations. This paper reports on plant remains recovered from Beothuk components at five sites across Newfoundland. In particular, charred grape seeds from Ferryland (CgAf-2) and Russell{\textquoteright}s Point (CiAj-1), Trinity Bay, suggest friendly contact between the Beothuk and Europeans on the Avalon Peninsula during the early 17th century.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @article {9561, title = {Canadian Institutions and Lower Central American Archaeology: An Historical Overview of Research along the Southern Mesoamerican Periphery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {51-66}, abstract = {

Canadian universities have played an important role in the founding and development of archaeological programs in lower Central America, especially with regard to the geocultural interface that exists at the southern periphery of Mesoamerica. These developments range from the establishment of basic culture history to more nuanced theoretical inquiries, particularly relating to concepts of social identity and ethnic affiliation. This paper presents a brief overview of the major contributions made by Canadian institutions and their affiliated researchers, with a focus on significant pioneering advances achieved in northeast Honduras, El Salvador, and Pacific Nicaragua.

}, author = {Carrie L. Dennett and Geoffrey G. McCafferty} } @article {12567, title = {Community-Sourced Archaeology and Relinquishing the Inception of Research}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {048-065}, abstract = {

Is archaeology of service beyond archaeologists? Part of a Mitacs Elevate Postdoctoral Fellowship developed in conjunction with Sustainable Archaeology at Western University and Timmins Martelle Heritage Consultants Inc., the Research Portal (www.insituated.com/research-portal) is a web-based platform capable of soliciting and communicating community-sourced research to potential academic partners. Designed to augment local capacities, foster relationships, and achieve socially meaningful and disseminated academic outcomes, the Portal inverts conventional community-based research conception. Non-academic organizations outline research objectives to which academic partners adapt or design research. Originally conceived to assist commercial archaeologists in promoting additional research related to commercial projects, the Portal{\textquoteright}s pilot implementation quickly expanded to include other heritage communities, including Indigenous communities, not-for-profits, and a municipal government. Demand for the inclusion of additional research sectors outside of heritage suggests that this archaeology-based initiative may have wider implications. This paper explores representations of conventional collaboration, and the presumptions and promise of a more service-oriented and community-driven academic mandate.

}, author = {Joshua Dent} } @article {12168, title = {Conceptual Boxes and Political Borders: Considering Provincial and Territorial Archaeological Site Inventories}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

Originating with the systematic analysis of Canada{\textquoteright}s eleven regional archaeological site inventory forms, this paper examines the types of information these forms collect and the inventories that aggregate this information. Identifying thematic groupings of data, analysis proceeds to narrow its focus on the culture-historical elements of site forms. Common terminologies are represented cross-jurisdictionally seguing into a discussion of the Taltheilei Tradition and its representation in six provincial and territorial inventories. The Taltheilei example draws out issues with historic and contemporary site inventory management such as the impact of changing terminologies and inconsistent data types but also speaks to the potential of inventories to inform {\textquotedblleft}big data{\textquotedblright} analyses of inter-jurisdictional site information. The development of one such analytical tool, the Canadian Archeological Inventory Survey Tool (CAIST), is presented in detail. In concluding, the paper explores the promise and perils of future archaeological site inventory management.

}, author = {Joshua Dent} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9257, title = {Continuity and Change in Cultural Adaptation to Mountain Environments: From Prehistory to Contemporary Threats}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {333-335}, editor = {Genevieve Dewar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9100, title = {Constructing Frames of Reference: An Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building Using Ethnographic and Environmental Data Sets}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {083-087}, editor = {Dena F. Dincauze} } @Conference Paper {10620, title = {Catequil{\textquoteright}s Lithics: Stone Tools from an Andean Complex Society}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Lithic artifacts are often largely or wholly ignored by archaeologists studying complex societies. While this situation is being rectified in many parts of the world, the Andean mountains of northern Peru remain one area where very few lithic analyses have been conducted. To this end, a comprehensive analysis was conducted of all lithic artifacts from four sites associated with the Oracle of Catequil, located on and around the mountain of Cerro Icchal near the village of San Jos{\'e} de Porc{\'o}n in La Libertad, Peru. The oracle, in use between 400 CE and the Spanish arrival in 1532 CE, is a sacred site of ancestor veneration and a place of pilgrimage. Through this analysis, I am able to show the relationships between the four different sites at Cerro Icchal, as well as show how this expedient tool assemblage fits into a general model for lithic design criteria in complex societies.}, author = {Jordan Downey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9249, title = {Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {236-239}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @article {9570, title = {A Comment on Methods for Identifying Quartzite Cobble Artifacts}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {127-131}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Conference Paper {10650, title = {Comparing Ancient Nomads of the Russian Steppes and Northern Plains}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Ancient Nomads Project generated the first comparison of ancient pastoral nomads of the Russian Steppes and ancient bison-hunting nomads of the Canadian Prairies. Results are being disseminated in exhibition and book form. The exhibition is organized around nine major themes: (1) culture history, (2) environment, (3) herds, (4) travel, (5) subsistence, (6) dwellings, (7) social life, (8) spiritual life, and (9) warfare and trade. The book expands on the same themes. The project revealed amazing similarities in lifestyle and environment, but also crucial differences due to wild versus domestic herds, pedestrian versus equestrian travel, stone-rich versus stone-poor landscapes, and sparse versus moderately dense populations. It uncovered similarities and differences in the approach to archaeology in the two regions {\textendash} comparable emphases on cultural resource management and culture history; but significant differences in focus {\textendash} camp sites and bison-kill sites in the Northern Plains, human burials in the Russian Steppes. Sharp differences also exist in public reactions to archaeology {\textendash} weak knowledge and variable interest in Canada; substantial knowledge and strong interest in Russia.}, author = {Ian Dyck and Ponomarenko, Elena} } @article {9574, title = {Canadian Prairies Archaeology, 1886{\textendash}1915: Reliance on External Interest and Expertise}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {179-204}, abstract = {

After launching an ambitious program of mid-continental Canadian archaeology in the late 1870s, members of the Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba suddenly withdrew from field archaeology after 1886. Under political and financial stress, they turned their primary attention to local Euro-Canadian history. The group declined through the turn of the century, but George Bryce and Charles Bell tried to keep interest in Manitoba archaeology alive by appealing to external organizations to take up the work. A number of outsiders did briefly get involved, people and organizations such as T.\ H. Lewis and Warren Upham from Minnesota, Henry L. Reynolds from the Bureau of American Ethnology in Washington, Henry Montgomery from the University of Toronto Museum, and organizers for the Archaeological Institute of America. Although the results were mixed, most of these outsiders made improvements to the region\’s archaeological record and its interpretation. The Manitoba Society\’s final success, on the eve of its own demise, was in helping to create an anthropology division within the National Museum of Canada in 1910. Subsequently, the National Museum commenced archeology in Manitoba in 1912 under W.\ B. Nickerson. Nickerson might have solidified the groundwork for a regional archaeology, but his work was aborted in 1915 and, together with earlier attempts, was all but forgotten.

}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10655, title = {Can{\textquoteright}t Find the Patch for the Trees: Optimal Foraging and the Boreal Forest}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {While Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) has been applied successfully in the study of contemporary hunter-gatherers in the Boreal Forest, its application archaeologically has proved somewhat more problematic. This paper reviews the basics of optimal foraging theory and then discusses the creation of habitat suitability for moose and caribou in the boreal forest of east-central Manitoba. The problems in using these suitability to define OFT patches becomes readily evident. When patches are difficult to identify, it makes the archaeological application of OFT very difficult. The paper concludes with suggestions as to why OFT has operationalization difficulties in archaeology, especially in the study area.}, author = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10666, title = {Cultural and Natural Scar Morphology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Accurate identification of origin for cultural and natural scars is becoming more important for forest management and legal evidence to help demonstrate Aboriginal Title under the Delgamuukw Decision. This paper examines the defining tree ring characteristics of natural and cultural scars on stem-round samples of cedar trees. The importance of taking multiple samples from different heights on the tree stem where there is doubt about origin is stressed. Using tree-ring analysis in combination with field observation will usually allow for absolute determination of cultural or natural origin.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10676, title = {Convergent Results From Divergent Methods: A Tripartite Zooarchaeological Analysis of the Maya Collapse in Guatemala}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {New zooarchaeological methods are challenging models of relationships between society and the environment. My use of multiple zooarchaeological techniques in the analysis of animal bones from sites in Guatemala creates overlapping tests of environmental and social models of the Classic "Maya collapse". Combined environmental reconstructions and isotopic analysis of land use reveal strong environmental stability throughout the occupation of the Petexbatun region. This result is supported by a reconstruction of dietary patterns through ecological statistics. However, detailed analyses of worked bone from the region describe changing systems of bone tool production, and suggest that "collapse" patterns are not a direct result of declining environmental conditions or dietary health, but instead reflect the shifting economic and political conditions of the period.}, author = {Emery, Kitty F.} } @Conference Paper {10686, title = {Changement de nature et de fonction de Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden : perspective diachronique d{\textquoteright}un site pal{\'e}oesquimau du Dors{\'e}tien \&agra}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {John C. Erwin} } @Conference Paper {10706, title = {Coping with the Growing Pains: CMTs as Archaeological Resources}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In 1997, the majority of permits issued in British Columbia by the Archaeology Branch were for forestry-related studies. In coastal regions, especially, culturally modified trees (CMTs) are the focal point of such studies. Until relatively recently, CMTs were not considered to be {\textquoteright}real{\textquoteright} archaeological resources, in the same sense as lithics, fish weirs, or petroglyphs, for example. This was primarily because it is often impossible to determine the precise date of modification of a CMT and, by extension, whether or not the CMT is protected under the Heritage Conservation Act. Without clear precedents as to how to deal with CMTs as archaeological resources, and in the absence of established standards of practice within the archaeological community, different individuals and consulting companies are dealing with CMTs in very different ways. This is creating confusion and discord among archaeologists, our forest industry clients, and the First Nations within whose traditional territories we are working.}, author = {FEDDEMA, Vicki} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9123, title = {Contributions to Plains Prehistory}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {209-210}, editor = {Gloria J. Fedirchuk} } @Conference Paper {10717, title = {Comment r{\'e}pertorier et conserver les p{\'e}troglyphes Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq du parc national Kejimkujik}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Les p{\'e}troglyphes du parc national Kejimkujik ont {\'e}t{\'e} ex{\'e}cut{\'e}s au si{\'e}cle dernier par des familles de Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq, des chasseurs et des guides, qui habitaient et travaillaient dans la r{\'e}gion du lac Kejimkujik. Ces gravures sur pierre {\'e}tablissent un lien historique direct avec la communaut{\'e} Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq d{\textquoteright}aujourd{\textquoteright}hui. Plus de quatre cents images illustrent ainsi les divers aspects de la culture : religion, moyens de subsistance, culture mat{\'e}rielle, noms et dates. Les images sont grav{\'e}es sur de l{\textquoteright}ardoise lisse, avec une pr{\'e}cision remarquable. Comme il est difficile de reconna{\^\i}tre les lignes grav{\'e}es des d{\'e}fauts de la pierre, il est pratiquement impossible de dresser un inventaire de ces gravures qui soit pr{\'e}cis et objectif L{\textquoteright}expos{\'e} d{\'e}crira bri{\'e}vement les gravures et expliquera les diff{\'e}rentes m{\'e}thodes utilis{\'e}es au cours des cent derni{\'e}res ann{\'e}es pour essayer de r{\'e}pertorier les p{\'e}troglyphes jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} la m{\'e}thode actuelle de moulage des gravures mise au point par la Division de la conservation du Service canadien des parcs (voir le r{\'e}sum{\'e} de M. Harrington).}, author = {Ferguson, Rob} } @Conference Paper {10724, title = {Contact Archaeology in Southern Ontario... and Other Oxymorons}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Interpreting the early contact archaeology in southern Ontario usually begins with the assumption that contact with Europeans was an entirely unique experience to Aboriginal people, the impact of which exacerbated by a "profound localism" assumed previously during the Late Woodland. Central to these contact era interpretations of Aboriginal archaeology has been the assumed dominance of European interests and motivations on events and Aboriginal behaviours. Yet these are assumptions that emerge from a distinct conceptual filter: one that sees archaeology interpreted through history. A revised conceptual filter that sees history interpreted through archaeology - archaeology being an oppositional dataset to written records rather than an assumed compliment to them - leads to a very different understanding of the archaeological record. This shift in emphasis and reorientation leave the concept of "contact" to be an oxymoron, and demonstrates archaeological patterns and Aboriginal behaviours to be remarkably consistent with the patterns and behaviours seen archaeologically in previous - and subsequent - centuries.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11044, title = {Cuneiform}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {349-351}, author = {Odette Boivin} } @Conference Paper {10749, title = {The Cache (DaEh-1) Site : Deciphering a Cultural Crossroads}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {L{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le-aux-Basques is a small island in the estuary of the St. Lawrence River located across from the mouth of the Saguenay River. Archival documents, historical accounts, and archaeological investigations reveal that the island was visited by numerous ethnic groups. Archaeological excavations conducted at the Cache (DaEh-1) site in 1992 uncovered components that include late Middle Woodland, 15th century, and mid-17th century aboriginal campsites. A diversity of non-local materials clearly indicate that this area in particular was an active cultural crossroads that not only linked the lower Great Lakes with western Europe but which also included. a north-south route that linked the Bay of Fundy with central and northern Qu{\'e}bec. And as would be expected, local marine resources were a major attraction to the island.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10748, title = {Champlain{\textquoteright}s Nation Neutre: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives of the Neutral Iroquoians}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Limited but tantalizing historical accounts and a century of intensive archaeological. investigation provide a wealth of information for reconstructing the cultural evolution of the Iroquoian group that occupied the southernmost region of Ontario. The nature of Neutral Iroquoian society in existence when Champlain, Daillon, Br{\'e}beuf, and Chaumonot were in southern Ontario differs significantly from the earlier phases of Neutral development. The environmental and cultural influences that moulded and re-shaped Neutral culture during the centuries before their dispersal between 1647 and 1651 will be examined, and a revised periodization of Neutral history, based on a range of cultural traits, will be presented.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @article {9591, title = {Copper Based Metal Testing as an Aid to Understanding Early European-Amerindian Interaction: Scratching the Surface}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {153-161}, abstract = {

A metallurgical analysis of 21 copper-based artifacts from 9 Iroquoian sites dating between A.D. 1550 and 1650, along with one sample of native copper from Algoma, suggests that a pattern is discernible in the changing metal content of these artifacts through time. The earliest samples tend to be predominantly copper, and may be difficult to distinguish from native copper, while the later ones are more likely to contain increasing amounts of other inclusions. It is suggested that this change reflects a changing industrial base in France in the late sixteenth century, and a shift from the exportation of high-quality goods to the mass production of cheaper goods specifically for the export trade.

}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald and Peter G. Ramsden} } @Conference Paper {10747, title = {Contact, Contraction, and the Little Ice Age}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The explanation of cultural developments for the Neutral Iroquoians of southern Ontario during the 16th and 17th centuries has been largely influenced by the fact that many of the changes occurred during the initial era of the European presence in eastern North America. Additional modifying factors can be attributed both directly and indirectly to other human and natural agencies through a re-evaluation of the available archaeological and ecological record.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10765, title = {A comparison of sea-levels and prehistoric cultural development on the west and east coasts}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In an earlier work I proposed that the prehistory of the north-west coast could be broadly divided into 2 basic sequential culture stages: (1) an early lithic Horizon which seemed to represent a relatively simple and generalized adaptation; and (2) a later shell-midden horizon which approximates the relatively complex and specialized culture pattern of the ethnographic Pacific coast. I attempted to explain the relatively radical and synchronous shift between these {\textquoteright}horizons{\textquoteright} all along the northwest coast, about 5000-4000 B.P., as an indirect result of the quasi-stabilization of regional relative sea-levels. The fundamental theoretical assumptions were: a. attainment of a specialized {\textquoteright}climax{\textquoteright} cultural adaptation is not possible until the natural ecosystem reaches and maintains an optimum steady state; b. equilibrium of coastal ecosystems is most directly governed by the lateral location of the shoreline, and its rate of movement, which in turn is a product of various factors affecting regional sea-level, and bottom topography. Although specifically intended as a model attempting to explain northwest coast culture change, the basic concept should be applicable to any maritime region. In this paper I will apply this model to the prehistory of the Atlantic region of Canada and adjacent northern New England. Local sea-level curves and prehistoric sequences will be compared and con- trasted to those of the northwest coast. It will be argued that northeastern Atlantic sea-levels have been significantly less stable than those of the northwest coast, particularly over the last 3-5000 years. This may be a fundamental indirect cause preventing the development of complex maritime oriented cultures in late coastal Algonquian prehistory.}, author = {K. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10771, title = {The Comnunity, Settlement and Subsistence Patterns of the Nootka Sound Area: A Diachronic Model}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {A detailed analysis of all available prehistoric and historic data relating to the Nootka Sound Area, Vancouver Island, British Columbia has made possible the formation of viable inferences leading to a developmental model of the cultures inhabiting the shore of the Sound from earliest times to present. Pertinent data have been drawn principally from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources describing, the inhabitants of Yuquot, a Nootkan village.}, author = {William J. Folan} } @Conference Paper {10819, title = {Cache Point and the Origins of Inuvialuit Culture: A Preliminary Report}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Although the recent culture history of the Mackenzie Delta region is becoming relatively well known, the origins of Inuvialuit lifeways remain obscure. This paper will present the results of three field seasons at the Cache Point site, on the East Channel of the Mackenzie River. Cache Point is the best-preserved early Neoeskimo archaeological site in the region, and as such, it offers a unique glimpse of early Inuvialuit beluga hunters. While analyses of architecture, artifacts, and fauna are ongoing, a preliminary picture of precontact social and economic organization is emerging, and will be outlined here.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10830, title = {A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DIETS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE ENLISTED MEN AT HISTORIC FORT YORK (AjGu-26), TORONTO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Archaeological excavations undertaken since 1987 at Fort York, a multi-component British Military site founded in 1793, have uncovered both a midden associated with Enlisted Men and a filled areaway adjacent to the ca. 1815 Brick Officers{\textquoteright} Mess. Faunal material from the midden and the Officers{\textquoteright} Mess was compared to determine if status differences could be detected within the faunal sample. Results suggest that there are notable differences in the subsistence patterns of the Officers and the Enlisted Men living under similar conditions. In addition, there is some indication that increases and decreases in the relative frequencies of key species within the Enlisted Men{\textquoteright}s sample can be linked to documented historical events.}, author = {Garden, Mary-Catherine E.} } @Conference Paper {10837, title = {Culture Contact and Syncretic Behaviour on the Lower Nass River, B.C.}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents some of the results of a recording and conservation project under taken by Okanagan University College at a little known, historic cemetery located at the mouth of the Nass River, 100 km north of Prince Rupert, B.C. The cemetery was established in conjunction with the founding of Kincolith Mission in 1867 by the London-based Church Missionary Society. With the introduction of Christianity and the rituals of Christian burial, traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a interment practices were deemed unacceptable. The ideals of Victorian England and the deeply held Judeo/Christian concept of a bond between the body and soul, even after death, necessitated a sanctioned resting place for those who had {\textquoteright}died in the faith{\textquoteright}. Accordingly, the Kincolith Cemetery was established as {\textquoteright}God{\textquoteright}s half-acre{\textquoteright} for the community, and it has functioned as such up to the present day. In traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society, descent and kin recognition are centered around matrilineal clans organized into larger phratries. At Kincolith, the resident missionaries began converting, baptizing, and re-naming individuals according to the protocol of the Church Missionary Society. A Victorian, patrilineal system of descent and kin reckoning was imposed on the residents of the community. Assuming that individuals are buried beside those whom they consider to be their kin, the distribution of grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery provides an opportunity to gauge the effect of this reorganization on traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society. In addition, grave markers are used as surrogate mortuary poles which display customary rights to rank and privilege. Many of the grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery embody traditional, high ranking, clan crest names in their construction, thus demonstrating and validating rights of possession and inheritance.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @article {13188, title = {Change and Continuity in Early Nineteenth-Century Foodways in Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s Lower Town}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {100-130}, abstract = {

Plant and insect remains found in a privy structure were analyzed to gain insight into foodways of Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s Lower Town inhabitants in the early nineteenth century. We use dietary practices as a window to examine how the population of the St. Roch neighbourhood responded to changes taking place in the decades that followed the instauration of the British regime and how these changes may have influenced different aspects of their food consumption practices. Through comparisons with assemblages from two French-regime sites as well as from three later nineteenth-century sites, we find that a certain continuity characterizes the plant consumption of Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s French-Canadian population. We address some of the challenges of this research, as it is difficult to distinguish between consumption as a choice related to identity versus more practical considerations such as availability and access.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.100}, author = {Sol{\`e}ne Mallet Gauthier and Allison Bain and Heather Trigg} } @Conference Paper {10853, title = {Counting Coup or Counting Calories - The Role of Whaling in Thule Origins and the Eastern Expansion}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In this paper we re-evaluate the archaeological evidence for whaling in Western Thule culture. We consider the extent to which whaling shaped Thule culture and what role, if any, whaling played in the Thule expansion into Canada. Implications for the nature of Dorset/Thule contact are also drawn out.}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Maribeth S. Murray} } @Conference Paper {10859, title = {Ceramic Variation and Population Dynamics: Interpretive Implications from a Single Selkirk Occupation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Theoretical studies of Selkirk ceramic variability have always emphasized a regional perspective when attempting to characterize prehistoric human interaction. However, though rarely considered by archaeologists, significant ceramic variability occurred within Selkirk occupations as well as between them. In fact, intra-site variability in style, manufacture and use of ceramics can reflect a wide variety of human interactions that are usually not detectable at the regional, inter-site level of interpretation. Some of these intra-site ceramic behaviours have profound implications for our understanding of regional Selkirk variability as reflected in the ceramic record. This paper will discuss some types of intra-site ceramic behaviour which are of potential import to regional interpretation of the Selkirk Composite, drawing upon specific data collected from Bushfield West, a large single component Selkirk camp-site located in central-eastern Saskatchewan.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10880, title = {Conception Bay Underwater Survey 1988}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Four harbours in Conception Bay, on the northern shore of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, became the target of a series of short surveys undertaken by avocational divers with the Newfoundland Marine Archaeology Society. A total of eleven underwater sites were identified at Brigus, Bay Roberts, Harbour Grace and Bristol{\textquoteright}s Hope. These sites have been registered and include shipwrecks, anchorage points, old wharves, midddens, and related shoreline activity areas. Documentary sources indicate that Conception Bay was known to Europeans in the 16th century and was the first area of English influence in Newfoundland in the early 17th century. The settled population gradually increased and strong mercantile interests were established in the 18th and 19th centuries. Archaeological surveys on land have produced limited historical data for the area and no systematic underwater archaeological surveys had been conducted until this time. The results of the underwater survey in Conception Bay will be discussed. This will include an assessment of the contribution made to the inventory of submerged cultural resources in Newfoundland waters, communications with historical societies and people in local communities to protect the marine heritage, and the experience provided to divers to become involved in archaeological surveys in the province.}, author = {Ginns, Janette M.} } @Conference Paper {10903, title = {Community Building and Archaeology: An Experience in Western Quebec}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {This paper presents a case study about a project to establish a public-archaeology programme in Pontiac High School in Western Quebec. In partnership with the schoolboard, the school, the local community development office, the Provincial Government and the municipality of the Village of Shawville, the {\textquoteright}Pontiac High Archaeology Corps{\textquoteright} was established to help develop a new {\textquoteright}heritage park{\textquoteright} on the grounds of a 19th century brickyard. The students{\textquoteright} role was to help conduct the evaluation excavations to determine the extent and nature of any remains, for much of the brickyard had been destroyed through nearly a century of farming. In this paper we present the {\textquoteright}Pontiac High Archaeology Corps{\textquoteright} and their on-going activities (which we help supervise) as a model for integrating archaeology into the community, and as a driver for social growth in small rural communities.}, author = {Graham, Shawn} } @Conference Paper {10907, title = {Chultunob at X-ual-canil, Belize}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {During the 1996 and 1997 field seasons, two chultunob were excavated at the site of X-ual-canil in the Cayo District of Belize, Central America. These sub-surface features have been the focus of discussion and curiosity since the initial investigation in Central America began. An attempt to determine the function of these features within the X-ual-canil site prompted the excavation of these chultunob. The purpose of our continuing excavations in the 1998 field season is to define the construction and usage pattern of the chultunob at this site. Unlike the chultun or cisterns of the Northern Maya Lowlands which were utilized as water catchment areas, the chultunob of the Southern Maya Lowlands appear to serve two functions: human burial and possibly storage chambers. This paper will discuss the excavation of these two chultunob, the associated artifacts and the osteology report. I will also briefly discuss the site of X-ual-canil and its association and connection to other sites in the Belize Valley.}, author = {GRAY, Nadine} } @article {11036, title = {The Comox Harbour Fish Trap Complex: A Large-Scale, Technologically Sophisticated Intertidal Fishery from British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {161-212}, abstract = {

Results of highly detailed mapping and radiocarbon dating at a vast and largely unknown intertidal fish trap complex indicate a large-scale, technologically sophisticated Aboriginal trap fishery operated at Comox Harbour, Vancouver Island, British Columbia between about 1,300 and 100 years ago. Two temporally and morphologically distinct trap types were utilized, and the shift from the Winged Heart trap type to the Winged Chevron trap type ca.\ 700\ B.P. appears abrupt and closely coincident with Little Ice Age climatic conditions and increased importance of salmon at Aboriginal village sites on west coast Vancouver Island, at Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) and south coast Alaska. Drawing comparisons from closely analogous historical and contemporary North American large-scale traps designed with knowledge of fish behaviour, the Winged Heart and Winged Chevron traps were likely designed to mass harvest herring and salmon, respectively. This study contributes to the wider consideration of marine adaptation on the Pacific Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Nancy A. Greene and David C. McGee and Roderick J. Heitzmann} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9006, title = {Community-Based Archaeology: Research with, by and for Indigenous and Local Communities}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {338-340}, editor = {Fran{\c c}ois Guindon} } @Conference Paper {10946, title = {Cobble choppers on the northwest coast: a re-examination}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Cobble choppers, seemingly ubiquitous stone tools found in archaeological sites all over the northwest coast of North America, were examined using a technological perspective combining attribute analysis with gross use-wear analysis. This analysis of material from the Crescent Beach site led to the development of two hypothetical models: 1) a manufacture/use/maintenance system and 2) a curation model. Both of these models suggest that cobble choppers have a long and complex use-life possibly involving shifts in form and function through a predetermined sequence. This paper outlines the two models and discusses some of their implications.}, author = {Haley, S.} } @Conference Paper {10952, title = {Current Palaeoethnobotanical Research in the Maritimes: New Information from the Clam Cove Site, Nova Scotia}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent palaeoethnobotanical research carried out at the Clam Cove site in the Minas Basin region of Nova Scotia has added new information to the study of Late Woodland hunter-gatherer groups in this area. Although this small midden site is considered to be in a marginal area, the large clam bed located near the site, and the modest compliment of plant and animal species made this location suitable as a temporary camp during lithic collection trips to Davidson{\textquoteright}s Cove, a quarry site across Scots Bay. Evidence of previously unknown species to the Clam Cove site, including beech (Fagus grandifolia), poplar (Populus sp.), strawberries (Fragaria sp.) and blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) have been recovered through flotation and charcoal analysis. This information will be compared to habitation sites in the area to gain insight into the movement of people during the Late Woodland.}, author = {Halwas, Sarah} } @article {9611, title = {The Cohoe Creek Site: A Late Moresby Tradition Shell Midden}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {199-221}, author = {Leonard C. Ham} } @Conference Paper {10954, title = {Cost/Benefit Analysis and Deep Test Protocol based on the Minnesota Deep Test Protocol Project}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {A recent study, funded by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, compared the results and costs of various methods for discovering and evaluating buried archaeological sites. These methods included remote sensing (magnetometry, resistivity, and GPR), small-diameter, solid-earth coring (GeoProbe), and backhoe trenching. This presentation compares the costs and benefits of the methods and discusses the protocol we propose for buried sites discovery and evaluation. Analysis of the data indicates that the implementation of a multi-disciplinary approach to the exploration for and evaluation of buried archaeological sites meets the goals of the investigative process in a cost effective fashion. Implementation of this protocol since its development continues to demonstrate its effectiveness.}, author = {Michael J. Hambacher and G. William Monaghan and Michael Kolb and Daniel R. Hayes and Kathryn Egan-Bruhy} } @article {9618, title = {The Clearwater Lake Punctate Pottery of P.G. Downes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {117-143}, abstract = {

Prentice G. Downes, an American teacher and historian/geographer, received some pottery and other artifacts from a local trapper while canoeing on Reindeer Lake in northern Saskatchewan in 1936 and 1937. In 1938, he published a brief comment on this pottery in American Antiquity, making this the first published report of what we now call Clearwater Lake Punctate Type of the Selkirk Composite. Downes\&$\#$39; information about the location of the site suggests it was found at Ochankugahe Island at the mouth of Wapus Bay, but this cannot be confirmed. Five Clearwater Lake Punctate vessels are represented in the collection. Downes\&$\#$39; pottery is used to assess the hypothesis that pottery from the Reindeer Lake area may be a regional variant of the Clearwater Lake Complex of the Selkirk Composite. The Downes collection demonstrates the research potential of small collections acquired many years ago.

}, author = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @article {9622, title = {Comments on "A Possible Fluteplayer Picotgraph Site Near Exshaw, Alberta"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {197-198}, author = {Kelley Hays-Gilpin} } @Symposium Papers {10977, title = {Comments: The Early Period in Northwest Coast Prehistory}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {229-231}, author = {James J. Hester} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9150, title = {Ceramic Makers{\textquoteright} Marks}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {345-347}, editor = {Tanya Higgins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9420, title = {Contributions to the Study of the Dorset Palaeo-Eskimos}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {113-116}, editor = {Lisa M. Hodgetts} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9216, title = {The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {316-318}, editor = {Donald H. Holly Jr.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13484, title = {Chipped Stone Technological Organization: Central Place Foraging and Exchange on the Northern Great Plains}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {203-205}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.203}, editor = {Ken Holyoke} } @article {11111, title = {Cultural Continuity in Maritime Woodland Period Domestic Architecture in the Quoddy Region}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {023-067}, abstract = {

Evidence of Maritime Woodland period (ca. 3150\–ca. 550 B.P.) domestic architecture from the Quoddy Region of New Brunswick and Maine has been identified and reported since the late nineteenth century. Here we summarize this evidence, reinterpret it in light of recent high-resolution studies of prehistoric (pre-contact) domestic features in Nova Scotia, and report a recent study addressing domestic architectural features in the Maine Quoddy Region. Overall, this evidence suggests an aboriginal architectural tradition, and continuity in the organization of domestic space, spanning the Maritime Woodland period and extending into the recent historic period. Within this tradition there is evidence for variability and change in the placement of structures and perhaps in the intensity and duration of occupation. We argue that domestic architecture may be a particularly salient focus through which to study cultural continuity and change in hunter-gatherer society, because it is an important arena for social reproduction, structured by the relationships among social actors.

}, author = {M. Gabriel Hrynick and David W. Black} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9371, title = {Collected Archaeological Papers (Melvin); Three Heritage Studies (Melvin) and Studies in West Patricia Archaeology}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @article {12861, title = {Canadians and the Founding of the Society for American Archaeology (1934{\textendash}1940s)}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {053-076}, abstract = {

In December of 1934 the Society for American Archaeology was officially constituted. In 1935, in an effort to grow the membership, professional archaeologists were asked to propose members who they endorsed to become affiliated with the SAA. The two professional archaeologists in Canada at that time, Diamond Jenness and William J. Wintemberg of the Dominion Museum, Ottawa, proposed names of individuals across Canada who were collectors, museum curators, and historians. A small number suggested for membership joined, but most did not. This was an interesting period in North American archaeology as professionals worked in committees to establish cultural and temporal frameworks of the archaeological past, establish excavation guidelines, and lobby against the sale of antiquities. Some Canadian avocationals who joined were positively impacted by their association with American archaeologists and their legacies continue through to today. The bottom line is that there were very few professional archaeologists in Canada following Wintemberg{\textquoteright}s death in 1941, and that lack coupled with WWII, meant that Canadians looking for professional support and guidance looked to the south of the border. The Society for American Archaeology was important for the growth and development of Canadian archaeology during this time.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.53}, author = {Mima Brown Kapches} } @Obituaries {11426, title = {Clyde C. Kennedy (1917-1987)}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {218-222}, author = {David Keenlyside} } @Obituaries {11430, title = {Charles Eyman (1933-1990)}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {235}, author = {David Kelley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9240, title = {Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Native Peoples and Archaeology in the United States}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {126-128}, editor = {Helen Kristmanson} } @article {9675, title = {Curiosities, Collectors and Housepits in Banff National Park: The First Protected Archaeological Site in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {47-81}, abstract = {

This paper considers the beginnings of archaeological research in Banff National Park and the prominent role played by a housepit site at the Banff Springs golf course. As the Rocky Mountains were first explored, Banff was a focus for early scientific activity, including archaeology. Foremost among the amateur collectors in the late 19th and early 20th century were Bill Peyto, guide and warden, and Norman Bethune Sanson, curator of the Banff Park Museum. Professional archaeologist Harlan I. Smith came to Banff in 1913 from the Victoria Memorial Museum in Ottawa to bring order to the Banff Park Museum collections. All three were involved in recording the housepit site, the first professional archaeological work in Alberta, resulting in the first formally protected archaeological site in Canada. While archaeologists have since discovered housepit sites in other parts of Banff NP, they are unknown elsewhere in the province or in the Rocky Mountains. Without the historic record, modern archaeologists would be unaware of a significant site that was ultimately destroyed, even though it was in a protected area.

}, author = {LANGEMANN, E. Gwyn and Sheila Greaves} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9303, title = {The Campus Site{\textemdash}A Prehistoric Camp at Fairbankz, Alaska}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {122-123}, editor = {Raymond LeBlanc} } @article {9682, title = {Coast Salish Interaction: A View from the Inlets}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {190-223}, abstract = {

Ethnographic and archaeological accounts document a complex web of socio-economic and religious networks among Coast Salish communities. While these accounts provide a general understanding of interactions among some Coast Salish groups, our knowledge of social relations among specific groups is uneven. In particular, we know little about social interactions among the people living in upper Burrard Inlet and Indian Arm (the \"Inlet Locality\"). We analyze faunal remains, plant remains, and lithics recovered from Late Phase (\ 1200-250_BP) deposits of the settlement of Say-Umiton (DhRr-18) and compare these results to data collected from the previously excavated sites of Tum-tu-may-whueton (Belcarra Park) and Whey-Ah-Wichen (Cates Park). In particular, we use the source and abundance of archaeological remains as a proxy for determining the degree of interaction among the inlet peoples and between the inlet peoples and other communities. Our results demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of resources recovered at these settlements were acquired locally and few resources were acquired from outside the Inlet Locality. This suggests that while the people of the Inlets were linked to broader socio-economic spheres, their interactions were firmly rooted in the Inlet Locality. These data support the idea that in the past, as today, the people of the Inlets formed a regional social network within the broad Coast Salish social continuum.

}, author = {Dana Lepofsky and Teresa Trost and Jesse Morin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11540, title = {Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers and Farmers}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {338-339}, editor = {Matthew A. Beaudoin} } @Symposium Papers {10998, title = {A consideration of the effects of the demise of bison on the subsistence economy of Fort Victoria: A late 19th century Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company Post}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {162-182}, author = {Timothy~C.~Losey and Gabriella~Prager} } @article {11539, title = {Collaborative Public Archaeology in Manitoba: The Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach Project at Brandon University}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {330-337}, abstract = {In collaboration with the Manitoba Archaeological Society (MAS) and Association of Manitoba Museums (AMM), the Department of Anthropology at Brandon University (BU) developed a project in support of rural museums in southwestern Manitoba. The project provided museums with identifications of their precontact artifacts, gave senior undergraduate archaeology students valuable career-related experience and produced a research-quality database of the material held by three rural museums. Student participants were enrolled in a six-week long summer course called 12:441 Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach that was offered for the first time in the summer of 2015. It was deemed a success by the students, participating museums and collaborating organizations. The approach may inspire other university, archaeological society, and museum association partnerships in different parts of Canada. For those interested, a more detailed description and discussion of this project is published in Manitoba Archaeological Journal, Volume 27 and available in the fall of 2017.}, author = {Mary E. Malainey and Gord Hill and Monique Brandt and Beryth Strong} } @article {9698, title = {Comparative Study of French, English, Spanish and Portuguese Terms Related to Prehistoric Pottery Decoration Techniques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {145-165}, abstract = {

This study constitutes an effort to standardize some French, English, Spanish and Portuguese terms related to the technical aspects of prehistoric ceramic decoration, the purpose being to facilitate understanding and comparison of data within the same language and from one language to another. First presented as a working document, this revised study now expresses the views of the Archaeology Work Group, Pan American Institute of Geography and History. The identification of problems, the will to find solutions and the objective contribution of each participant have enabled us to overcome linguistic barriers within the international community. This pooling of human and financial resources resulted in new perspectives on the skill, creativity and aesthetics of prehistoric potters.

}, author = {Roger Marois and Edward Jelks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9050, title = {Chaco and After in the Northern San Juan: Excavation at the Bluff Great House}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {313-316}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9186, title = {A Complex Culture of the British Columbia Plateau, Traditional Stl{\textquoteright}atl{\textquoteright}imx Resource Use}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {156-160}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @article {9708, title = {Canadian Contributions to Mesoamerican Gender Studies}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {67-81}, abstract = {

Fifty years ago archaeologists called for a more anthropological perspective on the archaeological past; 25 years later a handful of archaeologists began the investigation of an engendered past. Due to the rich archaeological, ethnohistorical, and art historical evidence available for the study of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, this region has been the subject of numerous gender studies. Scholars from the University of Calgary have been at the forefront of this movement, beginning with the 1989 Chacmool conference, The Archaeology of Gender, the first international gathering on the subject. The theme was recently revisited with the Que(e)rying Archaeology conference. This paper outlines Canadian contributions to the field of Mesoamerican gender.

}, author = {Geoffrey G. McCafferty and Sharisse D. McCafferty} } @Symposium Papers {10958, title = {Conservation archaeology in the Canadian Arctic}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {162-175}, author = {Allen~P.~McCartney} } @article {9716, title = {Changing Views of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History: Evidence of Population Replacement in Barkley sound}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {005-018}, abstract = {

Most reconstructions of Nuu-chah-nulth culture history, including the generalized West Coast culture type, are based primarily on the lengthy cultural sequence known from Yuquot, at the entrance to Nootka Sound. More recent work further to the south has raised questions about past interpretations. Excavations at Ch\&$\#$39;uumat\&$\#$39;a, in western Barkley Sound, revealed an occupational history spanning much the same time period as Yuquot. Materials from the earlier levels at this site most closely resemble those known from the Strait of Georgia, particularly in the Locarno Beach stage, suggesting a long period of occupation prior to Nuu-chah-nulth arrival.

}, author = {Alan D. McMillan} } @article {9722, title = {A component in the Scottsbluff Tradition: Excavations at the Niska Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {001-037}, abstract = {

The Niska site (DkNu-3) is situated in southwestern Saskatchewan, about midway between the towns of Ponteix and Aneroid. Cultivation and subsequent wind erosion have resulted in the disturbance and exposure of a substantial Paleo-Indian component here. A number of artifacts, obviously related to the Cody complex, were collected here in the 1970\&$\#$39;s and early 1980\&$\#$39;s by a local avocational archaeologist, Henri Liboiron. These tools included two stemmed projectile points, four Cody knives, and numerous endscrapers (several with lateral spurs). Testing of this site area by Saskatchewan Research Council archaeologists in 1982 resulted in the identification of some remaining areas of intact Paleo-Indian occupation. Since these archaeological remains appear to be of considerable significance and as they were in danger of disturbance due to cultivation and wind erosion, a small-scale excavation was conducted here in May of 1983. Two ares of in situ Paleo-Indian occupational remains were exposed. These remains were positioned within a well-defined paleosol in an area of aeolian sand deposits. Three projectile point stems were found in the course of excavation as well as six endscrapers, a combination perforator/concave uniface and much debitage. Like the tools, the latter was of fine-grained siliceous materials, including brown chalcedony (Knife River Flint), porcellanite and jasper. Faunal remains were numerous, albeit fragmentary; the latter condition a result of deliberate breakage by the site occupants, followed by deterioration through time. Those remains which could be identified to species were all bison. One of the excavation blocks exposed much of a well defined habitation area, centred on a concentration of burned and calcined bone fragments which is interpreted as a hearth location. A knapping area was situated on the north side of this hearth while an endscraper, a point stem fragment and many raw bone fragments on the south side of the hearth provide evidence of other activities there. Flecks and larger bits of a red paint material were scattered across the habitation area. Raw bone from this excavation block has been dated to 7,165 B.P. while a paleosol sample has dated at 7,000 B.P. These dates are considered to be at least a millenium too recent. While the Niska site assemblage is obviously within the \&$\#$39;Scottsbluff Tradition\&$\#$39;, the style of its projectile points differentiates it from described complexes such as Cody and Little Gem. Questions remain, therefore, regarding the dating of this Paleo-Indian component and its cultural relationship to other complexes in the Scottsbluff Tradition.

}, author = {David Meyer} } @article {9730, title = {Chert Sourcing and Palaeo-Eskimo Raw Material Use in the Interior of Southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {117-142}, abstract = {

In the eastern Canadian Arctic, a shift in toolstone selection strategies from Pre-Dorset (4500\–2800 B.P.) to Dorset (2500\– 1000 B.P.) has been interpreted as one line of evidence indicating culture change within the Palaeo-Eskimo continuum. Pre-Dorset toolmakers appear to have relied on readily available local cherts while Dorset toolmakers were more discriminating, frequently using scarce or non-local toolstones such as chalcedony from northern Labrador, crystal quartz, and nephrite, among others. Our recent analysis of a debitage assemblage from LeDx-42, a multi-component Palaeo-Eskimo site located in the interior of southern Baffin Island, aimed to see if similar raw material signatures could be isolated using a newly developed methodological approach for sourcing chert toolstone. One of our objectives in this preliminary study was to evaluate if diversity in chert selection strategies could be used as a proxy to assess possible links between cultural affiliation and activity areas within the site. This paper describes the sourcing protocol and discusses our results as they relate to the Palaeo-Eskimo exploitation of chert toolstone at LeDx-42.

}, author = {S. Brooke Milne and Robert W. Park and Anne C. Hamilton and Mostafa J. Fayek} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9300, title = {Crafting History in the Northern Plains: A Political Economy of the Heart River Region, 1400{\textendash}1750}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {354-358}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {12169, title = {Charcoal Analysis Reveals Dorset Use and Selection of Firewood at Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden, Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {24-39}, abstract = {

This paper reports Dorset (800\ BC{\textendash}AD\ 1300) firewood use and selection at the Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden site (EeBi-1), northwestern Newfoundland, Canada. Charcoal fragments from five semi-subterranean dwellings and one midden were predominantly fir (Abies sp.) and spruce (Picea sp.). These genera dominate the modern forest, contemporary driftwood accumulations, and the prehistoric tree pollen record for the region. These data suggest that Dorset collected firewood according to the principle of least effort from nearby sources.

}, author = {Jason Miszaniec and Trevor Bell} } @article {9737, title = {Classification and Typologies of Stone Celts in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {82-122}, abstract = {

This paper presents three typologies of stone celts from British Columbia based on morphology, mineralogy and culture historical affiliation. These typologies should aid archaeologists in classifying celts and understanding their regional patterns of distribution. This study is based on a large sample of celts (n\ =\ 1,374) from more than 139 archaeological sites across British Columbia. Mineralogical identification of celts was undertaken using Near-Infrared Spectrometry (NIR). Celt manufacturing technique was found to be closely associated with the raw material used. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Unexpectedly, the Canadian Plateau provided the best evidence for the use of a special type of very large nephrite/jade celts as prestige goods. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Celt abundance was found to vary markedly over the last 3,500 years in the Salish Sea region, with a notable dearth of celts contemporaneous to the depopulation of the Mid-Fraser region around 1000 B.P. This evidence underscores the importance of the appropriate scale of analysis when interpreting local patterns of cultural change.

}, author = {Jesse Morin} } @article {9736, title = {Cutting Edges and Salmon Skin: Variation in Salmon Processing Technology on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {281-318}, abstract = {

This article examines differences in prehistoric Northwest Coast technologies primarily by means of an experimental study in salmon butchering. Five prehistoric and ethnographic tool types-bifacial knives, cobble spalls, ground slate knives, ground mussel shell knives, and hafted microflakes-were replicated and then used to process quantities of salmon for drying. A design theory framework is used in conjunction with basic experimental methods in an attempt to understand and explain various constraints influencing dominance of each tool type in a particular region. It is hypothesized that some tools only functioned for one or a few of the discrete tasks required to properly process a salmon, and that combinations of such tools must have been used in the past to process salmon for preservation. It is further argued that the distribution of particular tool types was influenced by raw material availability, timing of salmon runs, and intensity of harvesting and preservation.

}, author = {Jesse Morin} } @article {9740, title = {Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database: Establishing Conventional Ages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {003-010}, abstract = {

A digital database of radiocarbon dates from Canadian archaeological and vertebrate paleontological sites addresses the need to correct some dates for the effects of isotopic fractionation. Such a correction, called normalization, was included by Stuiver and Polach (1977) in their definition of conventional age. The correction formulae proposed by Stuiver and Polach are evaluated in the light of approximately 800 measurements of delta 13C reported during the last two decades. The measurements provide good support for the formulae which are adopted, with minor modifications, to normalize ages in the Canadian database.

}, author = {Richard Morlan} } @article {9741, title = {Counts and Estimates of Taxonomic Abundance in Faunal Remains: Microtine Rodents from Bluefish Cave I}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {061-076}, abstract = {

Widely advertised theoretical and methodological deficiencies in counts of identified specimens (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI) have prompted a search for alternate methods of estimating taxonomic abundance in faunal remains. Most proposed alternatives have merely represented modifications or \&$\#$39;refinements\&$\#$39; of the MNI count outlined by Theodore White thirty years ago (White 1953). Modifications by Chaplin (1971) and Krantz (1968) are examined in this paper. Recently, an alternative, based on the Peterson index, has been proposed by Fieller and Turner (1982). Based on capture-recapture techniques used in the biological sciences, the Peterson index is superior to other proposed methods, because it is statistically well founded on the hypergeometric distribution and can be framed by data-based confidence intervals. Despite these advantages, the actual use of this estimate is limited by a number of practical exigencies that will undoubtedly force zooarchaeologists to continue to use NISP and MNI counts as abundance measurements of last resort. The assumptions and requirements for the use of the Peterson index, and the \&$\#$39;behaviour\&$\#$39; of this variable as compared with NISP and the methods of White, Chaplin, and Krantz, are illustrated with microtine rodent data from Bluefish Cave I, northern Yukon Territory.

}, author = {Richard E. Morlan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9311, title = {The Crane Site and the Palaeoeskimo Period in the Western Canadian Arctic}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {177-179}, editor = {David Morrison} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9354, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie de l{\textquoteright}Ungava oriental. C{\^o}te est, Killiniq, {\^\i}les Button, Labrador septentrional}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {191-193}, editor = {Murielle Nagy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9188, title = {The Cochrane Ranche Site}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {246-247}, editor = {Dianne Newell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9256, title = {Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {201-203}, editor = {George P. Nicholas} } @article {9764, title = {Cultural Continuity and Changing Subsistence Strategies During the Late Precontact Period in Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {053-073}, abstract = {

Previous research on Vickers Focus sites in the eastern sections of the Souris-Pembina Trench in southwestern Manitoba, conducted by the senior author, indicated a center-based settlement strategy supported by a combination of hunter-gatherer and small-scale horticultural practice. The Lowton site is the center for this cluster and contains numerous luxury items and exotic materials. Research conducted by both authors in the summers of 1995-1999 at the Makotchi-Ded Dontipi locale revealed a central-place clustering of Vickers Focus and Mortlach sites. The sites show a diversity of faunal remains covering both winter and warm season occupations and no apparent evidence of horticultural activity. These materials indicate functional subsistence activities and there is an absence of the exotic and ceremonial artifacts recovered in the eastern sites. While there is clearly cultural continuity from the Initial Middle Missouri presence at the Duthie Site, through subsequent Vickers Focus and Mortlach occupations, the material remains, and their distribution, indicate significant changes in the settlement and subsistence patterns of the Vickers Focus people through time and space.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Scott Hamilton} } @article {9759, title = {Ceramic Affiliations and the Case for Incipient Horticulture in Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {033-059}, abstract = {

The prevailing models of Late Prehistoric subsistence in southwestern Manitoba have been based upon the premise of a straightforward hunter/getherer economy relying upon the local ecology of the forest/parkland/plains biomes. In some cases, trade with the Middle Missouri Village Tribes has been incorporated as a \&$\#$39;risk reducing\&$\#$39; mechanism. These models propose a seasonal round exploiting the available natural subsistence resources at peaks of productivity and quality. Recent work at the Lovstrom and Johnas sites near Brandon on the Souris and Assiniboine Rivers, respectively, and at Lockport and Winnipeg on the Red River suggest that these models may be inadequate. The Lovstrom and Johnas sites indicate extended occupations by people using agricultural tools and whose ceramic affiliations appear to relate to groups in North Dakota and western Minnesota known to have practiced horticulture. Many of the distinctive ceramic traits which characterize vessels in these sites are not found in the usual Woodland assemblages recorded in south-western Manitoba. It seems probable that these sites represent an expansion into southern Manitoba by groups from the south who practised horticulture as a part of their normal subsistence strategy.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson} } @Symposium Papers {11002, title = {Canadian prehistory: The lower Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {96-121}, author = {William~C.~Noble} } @article {9777, title = {Compositional and Mineralogical Fingerprinting of 18th{\textendash}19th-Century Earthenware from Eastern Canadian Potworks and Archaeological Sites}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {175-196}, abstract = {

Redware pottery sherds from six 19th-century eastern Canadian potworks were analysed to determine their major-element chemical composition, mineralogy, and glazing. This was done in an attempt to trace individual pottery specimens to their factory source. The results indicate that whereas unsourced potsherds can be distinguished geochemically, none can yet be traced to a specific factory. Additional analyses of samples from eastern Canadian, New England, and Britain are required to identify the sources of the redware found in many 18th- and 19th-century Maritime archaeological sites.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and Walli Rainey} } @article {9776, title = {The Como-Hudson Factories (c. 1845{\textendash}77): Results of Geochemical Analyses for Qu{\'e}bec{\textquoteright}s First Known Glassworks}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {074-097}, abstract = {

Sherds from three mid-19th century glassworks in the Como-Hudson area, Qu{\'e}bec, were analysed for their major, minor, and selected trace element contents. The compositional data indicate that local sand is insufficiently silicious to have been used in its manufacture, and thus do not support historical evidence to the contrary. Although the major-element compositions of Como and Hudson glass overlap, they differ from some contemporary Ontario wares, particularly with regard to their CaO, Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 contents. However, the possibility that imported scrap glass (cullet) was used in some early glassworks requires that caution be exercised where the compositions of excavated sherds from factory sites are to be used for provenance studies.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9338, title = {Crossroads to Greenland: 3000 Years of Prehistory in the Eastern Arctic}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Robert W. Park} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9434, title = {Cultures in Contact. The European Impact on Native Cultural Institutions in Eastem North America, A.D. 1000-1800 (Fitzhugh) and Natives and Newcomers: Canada{\textquoteright}s "Heroic Age" Reconsidered}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {230-245}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9435, title = {The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas; Volume 1 North America, 2 parts}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {084-086}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @article {13798, title = {Change Detection Analysis Using Drone-Based Photogrammetry for Long-Term Archaeological Site Erosion Monitoring}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {49-64}, abstract = {

This paper presents a rapid, cost-effective, and non-specialist approach to long-term archaeological site monitoring that is repeatable and affordable. Advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry allow for the creation of multi-temporal three-dimensional (3D) models that permit accurate and in-depth analysis and quantification of landscape change through time. This paper presents a case study of aerial-based photogrammetric datasets using UAVs (i.e.,\ drones) to conduct change detection analysis for monitoring continued erosion threatening an Indigenous buffalo jump in Alberta, Canada. The results demonstrate which areas of the site experienced the most significant change over a period of four years. By bridging gaps between traditional field survey and satellite-scale observations of impacts to large archaeological site complexes, UAV monitoring programs may become increasingly important as anthropogenic climate change continues to threaten heritage sites in Canada.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.1.49}, author = {Kelsey Pennanen} } @article {9790, title = {Comments on David Meyer{\textquoteright}s "A Component in the Scottsbluff Tradition: Excavations at the Niska Site"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {167-169}, author = {Leo Pettipas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9193, title = {The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {171-173}, editor = {Peter E. Pope} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9223, title = {Chemical Analysis of Prehistoric Human Bone from Five Temporally Distinct Populations in Southern Ontario}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {166-168}, editor = {T. Douglas Price} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9229, title = {A Classification System for Glass Beads for the use of Field Archaeologists}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {169}, editor = {George L. Quimby} } @article {9807, title = {The Contributions of the University of Calgary to the Field of Maya Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {

Founded by Richard \“Scotty\” MacNeish and Dick Forbis in the early 1960s, the Department of Archaeology at the University of Calgary has been at the forefront of archaeological research since its inception. Designed by its architects to be the first department of anthropological archaeology in the world, both MacNeish and Forbis recruited like-minded scholars to join the faculty. Over time, the prehistory of the Maya region has become one of the program\’s strengths due to the significant contributions of former faculty members, such as Scotty MacNeish, Dave Kelley, and Peter Mathews. In this paper, I examine the prodigious influence of these scholars on the field of Maya Studies. I also highlight the ongoing research programs of current faculty members Geoffrey McCafferty and Kathryn Reese-Taylor, and their graduate students, as well as research associates Sharisse McCafferty and Karen Bassie-Sweet. Finally, I appraise the legacy that the University of Calgary continues to build within Maya archaeology.

}, author = {Reese-Taylor, Kathryn} } @article {9832, title = {Christian Island: A comparative analysis of osteological and archaeological evidence}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {121-162}, author = {Shelley~R.~Saunders and Dean~Knight and Michael~Gates} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9175, title = {Current Palaeoethnobotany}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {227-231}, editor = {C. Thomas Shay} } @article {12917, title = {Current Archaeology of the Huron-Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians: Introduction}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {109-120}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.109}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Alicia L. Hawkins and Louis Lesage} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13488, title = {The Compensations of Plunder: How China Lost Its Treasures}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {215-217}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.215}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9405, title = {Controversies in Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {122-124}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9291, title = {Cosmopolitan Archaeologies}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {347-350}, editor = {Robert Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9448, title = {Caribou Inuit Traders of the Kivalliq Nunavut, Canada}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {180-183}, editor = {Andrew M. Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9414, title = {The Cow Head Complex and the Recent Indian Period in Newfoundland, Labrador and the Quebec Lower North Shore}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {162-165}, editor = {Marianne Stopp} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9372, title = {The Cultural Landscapes of Port au Choix {\textendash} Precontact Hunter-Gatherers of Northwestern Newfoundland}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {358-360}, editor = {Marianne P. Stopp} } @article {9857, title = {Challenges to Critical Community-based Archaeological Practice in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {563-591}, abstract = {

The implementation of Indigenous, collaborative, and community-oriented approaches in archaeological research and practice is promoted by many archaeologists as the path to the decolonization of archaeology. Collaborative archaeology, however, may inadvertently cause harm because it can produce certain interpretations of the past that can effectively promote the Indigenous rights of one descendant community over other communities or silence the political voices of certain members within the same community. This paper presents two case studies of attempted community-oriented archaeology with different Indigenous groups in Canada, each of which encountered barriers and complications in the collaborative process. The authors conclude that community-based archaeology, despite its good intentions, has the potential to do harm to Indigenous rights and self-determination. For archaeologists who are intent on decolonizing archaeology in solidarity with Indigenous peoples, there may be situations where archaeologists should refrain from doing archaeology, support archaeology carried out by Indigenous archaeologists in their own communities and, where appropriate, become active politically in advocating for Indigenous rights and the decolonization of Canada.

}, author = {Kisha Supernant and Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9418, title = {Changing Times: British Columbia Archaeology in the 1980{\textquoteright}s}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {187-189}, editor = {Patricia D. Sutherland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9419, title = {Contact, Continuity and Collapse: The Norse Colonization of the North Atlantic}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {201-203}, editor = {Patricia D. Sutherland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9431, title = {Chasing Reality: Strife over Realism}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {346-349}, editor = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9439, title = {Cow Point: an Archaic cemetery in New Brunswick}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {240-241}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9290, title = {A Companion to Social Archaeology}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {166-169}, editor = {Colin Varley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11250, title = {Carl W. Blegen: Personal and Archaeological Narratives}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {348{\textendash}351}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {12919, title = {Compositional Analysis of Glass Beads from Huron-Wendat Contexts at the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette Mission Site, Quebec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {135-157}, abstract = {

Glass trade beads recovered during the 2018 excavations of the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette Mission Site (CeEu-11), the site of a c.\ 1673{\textendash}1697 Huron-Wendat village at L{\textquoteright}Ancienne-Lorette (Quebec), were analyzed using Laser Ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This minimally invasive analysis, conducted with permission from the Huron-Wendat Nation of Quebec, provides information about glass bead recipes that can be compared to other known samples from across eastern North America. This paper presents compositional analysis results for 78 artifacts (mainly simple, drawn varieties of blue and white beads) and compares the L{\textquoteright}Ancienne-Lorette glass bead compositions to those from other seventeenth-century Wendat archaeological sites in the Western Great Lakes and in Southern Ontario. These sites were occupied both prior to and after the ca. 1650 dispersal of Huron-Wendat people from Wendake. From this research, historic Wendat trade networks and population movements can be inferred.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.135}, author = {Heather Walder and St{\'e}phane No{\"e}l} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9170, title = {Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario, 1791{\textendash}1914}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {189-192}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @article {9655, title = {Context and Association in Canadian Shield Rock Art Systematics}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {077-084}, author = {James Patrick Whelan Jr.} } @Symposium Papers {10996, title = {Chilcotin Archaeology}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {042-043}, author = {Roscoe Wilmeth} } @article {9887, title = {A Coiled Basket Fragment and Other Organic Artifacts from the Keatley Creek Site, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {144-150}, abstract = {

Several unusual wood and plant artifactual remains were recovered from the Keatley Creek site in the Interior of British Columbia. The most important of these is a charred fragment of a coiled basket recovered from a Protohistoric Period ritual structure dated to 250 BP. This is the only archaeological example of coiled basketry from the Interior, and such examples are extremely rare on the Coast also. While it may have served as a cooking or water container, we also suggest that it may have been a prestige item, possibly used in ritual contexts. The other artifacts described include a section of a wooden shaft implement like a bow or hoop frame dated to 1410 BP, and a bifacial stone knife from a storage pit that still retained a bark wrapping probably dating to ca. 1000 BP.

}, author = {Karen L. Wittke and Brian Hayden and and Marie-Ange Lauwerys} } @article {9890, title = {Ceramic Vessels of the Wendat Confederacy: Indicators of Tribal Affiliation or Mobile Clans?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {40-72}, abstract = {

This paper constitutes a comparison of ceramic vessel types from 21 site collections representing different geographic clusters and taxonomic divisions of the Wendat (Huron) between the 15th and 17th centuries. Since these data were derived from previously published reports, the analysis necessarily involved the use of ceramic types rather than attributes. This proved expedient because it clarified the varying degree of foreign (non-Wendat) ware of which each collection was comprised. The observation that as much as a quarter to a half of the vessels of some collections were foreign, indicated that traditional comparisons of total site samples would tend to obscure local relationships. By focusing solely on Wendat ceramics, it was possible to identify homogeneity in the ceramic decoration of the 15th and 16th centuries that, with the addition of historical documentary and further archaeological evidence, is argued to reveal sub-group mobility between settlements, a situation that was apparently not perpetuated into the 17th century.

}, author = {Joyce M. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9461, title = {The Children of Aataentsic, a History of the Huron People to 1660}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {183-186}, editor = {James V. Wright} } @article {9891, title = {The Comparative Radiometric Dating of Two Prehistoric Ontario Iroquoian Villages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {057-068}, abstract = {

The three major conclusions of the paper are as follows: the reliability of bone collagen dates relative to wood charcoal dates is dependant upon the total removal of inorganic carbonates by the laboratory; a geographic variable relative to the extraction of old carbonates appears to exist since collagen dates were comparable to wood charcoal dates from the McIvor site but not the Nodwell site despite the fact that the same laboratory collagen extraction technique was used; and calibrated date intervals derived from dated tree-rings of known age appear to represent a more realistic structuring of archaeological time than mid-point dates with a one sigma probability range.

}, author = {James V. Wright} } @article {9895, title = {Contextualizing Ethics: Comments on Ethics in Canadian Archaeology by Robert Rosenswig}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {115-120}, author = {Alison Wylie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9465, title = {Canada{\textquoteright}s Stonehenge: Astounding Archaeological Discoveries in Canada, England, and Wales}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {128-130}, editor = {Eldon Yellowhorn} }