@Conference Paper {9975, title = {Bentley Street: Working With People Towards Heritage Preservation}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In late August 1997, word reached Archaeological Services New Brunswick that a known pre-contact site within the City of Saint John was scheduled for sale and development. A flurry of meetings with the city, the developer, the Native community and provincial authorities resulted in a delay of development proceedings. In October three weeks of archaeological work was conducted at the previously untested Bentley Street site. The results of the testing project were surprising to all parties including the archaeologist. Everyone agreed that there was indeed reason to step back from at least a portion of the proposed development area. This paper summarizes the history surrounding the Bentley Street situation, the results of the 1997 test and the efforts required to preserve a rare piece of New Brunswick heritage.}, author = {ALLEN} } @Conference Paper {9979, title = {Beyond Linnaean Taxonomy and Towards Alternative Animal Classification in Zooarchaeology}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Linnaean systematics is based on evolutionary histories, degrees of difference in reproductive biology and biomechanics among animals. The question of whether people in the past also divided their animal worlds along the same lines has not been critically evaluated in zooarchaeological research. Ingold asserts in The Perception of the Environment that meaningful taxonomy can only be attained once we understand how people negotiate their relationships with one another and with their environments. Though Ingold was referring to contemporary societies, this sentiment has not been adopted in zooarchaeological studies of human-animal interactions. Furthermore, the contextual-interpretive theoretical framework has been widely adopted among archaeologists working with traditional forms of material culture, but zooarchaeology continues to be practiced within the essentialist-positivist paradigm that upholds Linnaean taxonomy as immutable. In order to achieve meaningful interpretation of faunal assemblages, I propose that analysis should be founded on a contextually situated folk taxonomy that may or may not relate to our scientific notions of animal classification.}, author = {Adam Allentuck} } @article {13479, title = {Blazing the Trail: Geographic Information Systems Analysis of the Old North Trail}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {145-178}, abstract = {

The Old North Trail was the main north-to-south link running along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains, within the homeland of the Blackfoot people. While travelling along this trail, human groups stopped at resource patches and important landmarks, leaving evidence of their passing in the form of archaeological sites. This paper examines the historical and archaeological evidence for the Old North Trail and discusses use of leastcost path analysis within a geographic information system framework to model the route of the trail. Where differences exist between the location of least-cost paths and the course of the Old North Trail, the {\textquotedblleft}pull{\textquotedblright} factors that may have drawn human groups away from the most efficient route across the landscape will be explored. This analysis suggests there was a sacred dimension to this landscape, with features of ecological and ideological importance affecting human movement through the region.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.145}, author = {Lindsay Amundsen-Meyer} } @Conference Paper {10002, title = {Beyond the Acculturation Framework: Exploring Native and European Contact in the Northeast in New Ways}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The effects of Native and European contact on Native communities during the Early Contact Period (c. 1500- 1650 A.D.) in the Northeast has long been of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists. For many years, investigations into these effects have been contained within an acculturation framework. However this framework, as it has been employed, has often limited the acknowledgment of Native choice with respect to what European items and ideas were adopted into Native cultural practices and to what manner these items and ideas were used. I suggest that different theoretical constructs, such as practice theory and agency, may be more proficiently used to support future research into the effects of Native and European contact. This paper demonstrates one way that these constructs may be used, taking as an example the manner in which Wendat artisans manufactured copper and copper-alloy artifacts from European kettles that were traded into the Northeast region during this period.}, author = {Lisa ANSELMI} } @Conference Paper {10059, title = {B.C. Plateau and the Northwestern Plains Similarities: Towards a Temporal Model for the Interior Plateau}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Interior Plateau region of British Columbia has long been considered a distinct {\textquoteright}archaeological area{\textquoteright}. Comparisons of artifact styles from the neighboring Northwestern Plains region suggest interesting developmental relationships. The application of a temporal model is advanced as a means to culture-historical interpretation.}, author = {BALL, Bruce and Martin Magne} } @Conference Paper {10074, title = {BONE WEIGHT DATA AND THE INTERPRETATION OF INTRA-SITE AND INTER-SITE ECONOMIC PATTERNING: THEORY AND PRACTICE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {This paper has two aims. Firstly, it reviews zooarchaeological implications of the allometric relationship between dry bone weight and total weight in mammals, birds and fish. Secondly, it illustrates how weight data from bone (and other cultural inclusions) can serve as valuable indicators of intra-site and inter-site behavioural patterning. Univariate and multivariate techniques of statistical analysis are applied to data from Viking Age and medieval settlement sites in northern Scotland.}, author = {James H. Barrett and Trevor J. RINGROSE} } @Conference Paper {10080, title = {Beyond Disease: The Archaeological Significance of Parasites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Microscopic evidence of intestinal parasites have been recovered from 11 of 15 shell midden sites examined in the Namu region of the Central Coast. Eggs representing 4 genera and dating over 6000 years old were identified from midden sediment that had been excavated in auger samples. The paper will demonstrate that parasites are a valuable line of archaeological evidence, with broad interpretive value. Aside from health, the genera recovered are indicators of environmental conditions, site ecology, and food choice/preparation. Difference in the density and variety of parasites between sites is considered evidence of human population density, site use and seasonality.}, author = {Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Conference Paper {10088, title = {Bringing Archaeology to the Public: A Kingston Viewpoint}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Kingston{\textquoteright}s past is rich in historical detail, whether it be architectural, political or archaeological. The staff of the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation has drawn upon the archaeological collections from a variety of excavations, and Kingston{\textquoteright}s museum community to develop public access to the history and archaeology of the area. In addition to school workshops, the Foundation provides a well established summer archaeology program, and utilizes a variety of methods to bring archaeology to the public. These efforts have exposed both the process of archaeology, and an insight into the past, to the public.}, author = {Bazely, Susan M.} } @article {9492, title = {The Bradley Cemetery: A Moorehead Burial Tradition Site in Maine}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {003-028}, abstract = {

The Bradley Cemetery was a large Late Archaic, Moorehead Burial tradition site in Bradley, Maine. The site has a long history of amateur digging and collecting as well as limited professional investigations. A radiocarbon sample on birch bark directly associated with an artifact excavated in 1969 has provided a new date of 4,580\±120 years BP on this type of cemetery. The artifacts are similar to other cemeteries of this type; however, there is generally a lack of ground slate material.

}, author = {William R. Belcher and David Sanger and Bruce J. Bourque} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9020, title = {Basketry and Cordage from Hesquiat Harbour}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {062-065}, editor = {Marianne Berkey} } @Conference Paper {10151, title = {Bulk procurement and transportation in the Saint John River valley}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {While archaeologists studying stone tool assemblages have devoted considerable attention to relationships among technology, raw material procurement and mobility, most of this attention has focused on the influence of mobility upon technology, and not on the influence of technology upon mobility. This particular focus has led to some oversimplifications in the modeling of hunter-gatherer socio-ecology and mobility, and an emphasis on pedestrian movements. In turn, this emphasis has significantly influenced our treatment of efficiency, reduction for transport, and technological organization. In this paper I discuss my recent research into technology and lithic reduction on the Maritime Peninsula, and examine some of the implications of bulk transportation with watercraft for analyses of hunter-gatherer mobility, lithic technology, and patterning in the archaeological record.}, author = {Blair, Susan E.} } @Conference Paper {10159, title = {The Bilodeau Site Near Missisquoi Bay: Postmolds, Fishbones and Corn Ear Motif}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In 1990, during a survey, a Saint Lawrence Iroquoian pot sherd was found on the Bilodeau site. This site is located on the Pike River, five kilometres upstream from Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain. During the summer of 1991, the excavation of 30 square metres in the area of this find, revealed the presence of a fishing camp. More than 80 postrnolds were found, delimiting a small oval habitation. The analysis of the ceramics demonstrates the presence of the Saint Lawrence Iroquoians in the area around AD 1450. We will give here an overview of the findings and discuss the relations with Saint Lawrence Iroquoian data from southern Quebec.}, author = {Blais, Judith} } @Conference Paper {10172, title = {Broken Bottles and Bison Bones}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This presentation takes a look at the activities of the University of Calgary{\textquoteright}s Programme for Public Archaeology at Fish Creek Provincial Park during the 1999 field season. We discuss public involvement in the excavation of a prehistoric bison kill site and an early historic settlement site within the Calgary area (Fish Creek Provincial Park). Included in the discussion are programme promotion and publicity, the geo-topography of the Fish Creek area, as well as historic and prehistoric background information on both of the excavated sites. Also discussed is the continuation of the program through volunteer work in the lab and undergraduate analysis of the excavated material. We have realized that Public Archaeology is an area deserving further academic study and application. There are numerous archaeological programs that cater to the public within the United States, through university programs and programs offered by museums, but have found Canada, especially Alberta, generally lacking in such programs. The expansion of this Programme for Public Archaeology will lead to an increase in the visibility of students, and the Department of Archaeology within The University of Calgary on a community, provincial, and (hopefully) regional scale. As well, this programme may create new avenues for funding and a greater understanding of Alberta{\textquoteright}s cultural heritage resources.}, author = {Boland, Dale Elizabeth and Michelle Schatz and Christine Cluney} } @Conference Paper {10205, title = {Building a Geoarchaeological Framework for the Assiniboine Delta: Initial Results}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Rossendale Gully site lies in a small underfit valley on the southeastern Assiniboine Delta. Previous radiocarbon dates on buried organics from this site were important in establishing the deglacial chronology of southern Manitoba (Preston et al., 1955; Elson, 1967; Teller, 1989). A new coring program was initiated in order to: (1) reconstruct early Holocene vegetation dynamics following the final regression of glacial Lake Agassiz across the delta; (2) correlate the Rossendale sequence with other Campbell-level deposits; and (3) model the broad relationship between late Paleoindian land-use and the history of Lake Agassiz in this region. In July 2003, 14 cores were collected from the region using a hydraulic Geoprobe. The longest core obtained was 13.25 m. A preliminary stratigraphic sequence is identified, composed of >12 m of offshore silt interbedded with at least eleven cycles of turbidite deposition, locally overlain by an early Holocene organic unit at the Rossendale Gully site. In general, this sequence documents the final regression of Agassiz from an earlier highstand phase (radiocarbon dates pending), followed by the first colonization of the delta surface by wetland vegetation ~9.5 ka BP. This suggests that the southeastern delta was not available for human settlement until the late Paleoindian period.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10230, title = {Bison Carcass Utilization at Kill Sites from the Great Plains}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Quantitative measures of marrow and bone grease for bison have been produced by Emerson (1990) and Brink. Combined, these indices provide a new tool for the examination of faunal utilization at bison kill/butchery sites from the North American Plains. It is assumed that bones with the greatest amount of marrow and grease were preferentially processed. Testing this assumption for marrow at a number of bison kill sites reveals a large number of sites that conform to the prediction but a substantial number that contradict the expected pattern. Comparing bone grease content with faunal representation indicates a similar pattern of conformance with expectations at some sites but not others. Further analysis reveals that sites where optimal utilization of marrow is not evident are the same sites where maximum grease extraction was conducted. It is concluded that: (1) indices based on food quantity have the potential to elucidate seemingly contradictory patterns of faunal use, and (2) that subsequent stages of faunal utilization, such as grease rendering, can obliterate patterns of primary use, such as marrow extraction.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10272, title = {Butchery of a sheep in rural Tunisia (North Africa): repercussions for the study of patterns of bone disposal}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The process of killing and butchering a sheep in a small, rural village in Tunisia, is described from the perspective of marks produced on bone. Special attention is paid to patterns of bone disposal. Aside from the method of killing and bleeding the animal, which is done according to the rules of Hallel butchering, logical rules involving principles of least effort govern the processing of the carcass. The tools available, the manpower and the culinary traditions of the area also govern many of the decisions taken by the butcher. These data provide a basis for comparison with archaeozoological collections from similar cultural contexts, including late Roman and Byzantine settings in Tunisia.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10286, title = {The Beer that Made Milwaukee Jealous - Klondike Fashion}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Promoting itself as having the {\textquoteright}beer that made the Klondike famous and Milwaukee jealous{\textquoteright}, the O{\textquoteright}Brien Brewing and Malting Company opened the Klondike Brewery in 1904. Located in Lousetown across the Klondike River from Dawson City, O{\textquoteright}Brien{\textquoteright}s operation continued its production until prohibition of 1919. Archaeological survey and assessment of the brewery site in 1998 provides a range of data on brewery layout, its production line, equipment, and the cooperage. The present paper presents an overview and field report on this work.}, author = {David Burley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9044, title = {The Buffalo Lake Metis Site: A Late Nineteenth Century Settlement in the Parkland of Central Alberta}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {240-243}, editor = {David Burley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9055, title = {Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {318-320}, editor = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10343, title = {British Columbia{\textquoteright}s First Salvage Archaeology}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The idea that developers who are impacting archaeological remains should pay for the necessary archaeological research was first successfully implemented in British Columbia in 1951-52 by the late C.E. Borden. He successfully solicited funds from the Ministry of Education and the Alcan Aluminum Company for the archaeological exploration of the reservoir area soon to be flooded by construction of the Kinney dam on the Nechako River. Archaeological survey was undertaken in 1951 and excavation of key sites in 1952. Although the amount of funding seems very little by today{\textquoteright}s standards it was a significant amount for that time, and allowed Borden to arrive at a chronology for the region and draw certain cultural-historical conclusions. It also set in motion the development of the site designation system still used in most of Canada today, and the drafting of the Archaeological and Historic Sites Protection Act which eventually led to the present legislation and the evolution of the Archaeology Branch from earlier government bodies. In this paper I review the archaeological data from the excavations in the reservoir area.}, author = {CARLSON, Roy} } @Conference Paper {10402, title = {Beringian Paradoxes, Bottlenecks and Cul-de-sacs}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ever since Jose de Acosta pondered the issue, 400 years ago, it has been evident to most serious students that the geographical point of contiguity between Northeast Asia and Northwest North America had to have been the {\guillemotleft} passage oblig{\'e} {\guillemotright} for the initial colonisation of the New World. But ever since this {\guillemotleft} gateway {\guillemotright} has become known and studied under the label of Beringia, it has also been clear that its eastern reaches corresponded, in fact, paradoxically, and this for many millennia of the Upper and Final Pleistocene, to a large bio-geographical cul-de-sac, cut off by Laurentide and Cordilleran glacial ice from the more southern American continental regions. and actually corresponding to the easternmost extension of the vast Eurasian Mammoth Steppe Biome. Focusing on this and a variety other Beringian research paradoxes, and with special attention given to the pertinent questions of chronological and geographical scales, this paper will show that any productive investigation of prehistoric Beringian human bio-geography, at least with regards to its earliest moments, must view the latter as a very Far Eastern component of a complex series of interactive northern Eurasian adaptation processes whose roots can probably be traced back to the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition of Northern Asia and, by extension, to vast segments of Northern Eurasia.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Nicolas Rolland} } @article {9529, title = {Bluefish Cave I: A Late Pleistocene Eastern Beringian Cave Deposit in the North Yukon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {001-032}, abstract = {

This paper describes some of the preliminary results of a test excavation carried out at the Bluefish Caves site (northern Yukon Territory) during the summer of 1978. The data at hand allow us to suggest that the site was utilized by human groups at the end of the Pleistocene, between 13,000 and 10,000 B.P. The deposit is viewed as important mainly because of the primary (or nearly so) context of its constituants (lithic specimens, Pleistocene faunal elements, etc.) which is a rather unique situation for sites of that age in the boreal Cordillera.

}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10407, title = {Beringian Expectations: Noveau Regard on an Ancient Bone Technology}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Following a synthetic overview of the Bluefish Caves evidence, this paper will focus on the particular set of data that pertains to the presence of human population in easternmost Beringia during the late Wisconsinan/Full Glacial. More specifically relating to matters of bone technology, it will be examined with emphasis on the rapport that can be shown to exist between it and that which has been postulated by various workers, a few years ago, for Old Crow Flats. Discussion will be directed at demonstrating that a full appreciation of the significance of this Beringian technology is best achieved by viewing it in the context of a highly variable and very ancient palaeolithic, inter-hemisphere, and time-transgressive technological continuum.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10429, title = {A Boat, a View and Some Friends: A Critical Re-Evaluation of the Field Techniques Used to Survey and Record the Rock Art Sites of the Lake of the Wood}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The physical location of the pictographs has fundamentally influenced both how pictograph sites are found and interpreted. Unfortunately, fieldwork methods and analytical techniques used by archaeologists to survey archaeological sites reinforce how pictograph sites are considered. Archaeologists have developed a range of techniques to record these images, including tracing these images in red paint on wet rice paper and dot-for-dot reproduction of each image using clear plastic and coloured felt tip pens. However, even if precise recording techniques are employed both field and the analytical techniques continue to cause problems. Essentially these images are "trapped within a formula". New methods of recording the pictograph sites must acknowledge that this art, regardless of where it is found, is a form of communication and that its study is concerned about meaning. Similar images exist in other places, such as those found in the birch bark scrolls. Clearly, it is important to remain aware of the vast trans-media commonality of the imagery. Additional bodies of information from disciplines other than archaeology must be used in conjunction with a re-organization of how field data about these sites are collected and interpreted. The archaeologist must be aware of the tools, questions, and problems of other disciplines as well as their own. Yet rock art sites cannot be examined using the same techniques as applied to other archaeological sites. The theoretical approaches used and the questions asked may be the same, but the practical methods used to recover, catalogue and analyse the data are radically different from those that archaeologists apply to "traditional" archaeological sites. The area surrounding these images can perhaps be excavated, but the physical context will not provide information about the cultural context of the images themselves. This paper will critique the field techniques used by previous researchers in the Lake of the Woods area and commonly held views about how to survey and record these images. The sites in the Lake of the Woods area appear representative of those found in the archaeological surveys conducted on the rock art of the Canadian Shield. The individual pictograph sites associated with this lake vary in number and range of mages. It has been traditionally believed that the pictographs are found at the base of the vertical granitic rock walls, either immediately beside the water or several metres from the water{\textquoteright}s surface. Yet, my own fieldwork has demonstrated that rock art sites do not always exist in conjunction with a body of water. My own fieldwork has demonstrated that these sites were located sometimes away from the water{\textquoteright}s edge and occasionally found in caves. Yet, stereotypes about the physical location have fundamentally influenced how they have been found and interpreted. I intend to develop a new and more synthetic direct-historical approach to the interpretation of the rock art that overcomes some of the problems inherent in previous work. This approach will involve the investigation of the beliefs and traditions of the Ojibwa people in the expectation that these findings can be applied to the rock art. It will explicitly examine the images as complex dimensional media created in the context of their physical surroundings.}, author = {Colson, Alicia} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13800, title = {The Birth of Polynesia: An Archaeological Journey Through the Kingdom of Tonga}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {87-89}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.1.87}, editor = {Sean P. Connaughton} } @Conference Paper {10455, title = {Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Pour la plupart des pr{\'e}historiens d{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}rique du Nord, la revue American Antiquity repr{\'e}sente une source majeure d{\textquoteright}information, un mod{\'e}le du p{\'e}riodique arch{\'e}ologique. Or, ce n{\textquoteright}est qu{\textquoteright}une source dans un oc{\'e}an de publications dont l{\textquoteright}infiation tend {\`a} nous {\'e}chapper. Pour se tenir {\`a} jour dans ses lectures, chacun construit sa propre liste de titres {\`a} consulter selon son cr{\'e}neau et ses go{\^u}ts; mais nos choix souffrent de l{\textquoteright}absence d{\textquoteright}une vue d{\textquoteright}ensemble du march{\'e} de la publication p{\'e}riodique en arch{\'e}ologie. Plus de 200 titres de p{\'e}riodiques consacr{\'e}s enti{\'e}rement ou en bonne partie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie pr{\'e}historique font l{\textquoteright}objet de l{\textquoteright}analyse bibliom{\'e}trique pr{\'e}sent{\'e}e ici. Malgr{\'e} l{\textquoteright}abondance et la diversit{\'e} des formes et des contenus, il est possible d{\textquoteright}identifier un certain nombre de types de p{\'e}riodiques. On acc{\'e}de {\`a} l{\textquoteright}information qu{\textquoteright}ils contiennent par une litt{\'e}rature secondaire tout aussi abondante et vari{\'e}e. Un indice quantitatif permet de proposer un palmar{\'e}s de revues importantes et de sources secondaires majeures. La production canadienne dans le domaine re{\c c}oit une attention particuli{\'e}re.}, author = {Corbell, Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10454, title = {Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Most North American archaeologists consider American Antiquity as a primary source of information: it is a model for archaeological periodicals. But it is only one source in a sea of publications the inflation of which is considered by many to be out of control. To stay afloat, each of us builds his own list of relevant titles depending on his own research interests and taste. These choices are rarely made with an accurate overview of what is on the market of archaeological publishing. More than 200 periodicals devoted entirely or mostly to prehistoric archaeology are studied in the bibliometric analysis presented here. Despite abundance and variety of forms and contents, it is possible to identify different types of periodicals. Information is accessed through a secondary literature showing similar characteristies of abundance and variability. A quantitative index is used to build core lists of primary and secondary titles. Special attention is given to Canadian production.}, author = {Corbell, Pierre} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9347, title = {The Beckstead Site 1977}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {175-176}, editor = {Gary W. Crawford} } @Conference Paper {10503, title = {Black Island: A 4000 year old Aull{\^a}vik near Nain, Labrador}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {An aull{\^a}vik is a place occupied by Inuit on a regular, seasonal basis for purposes of resource gathering. Today Black Island is a vibrant contemporary aull{\^a}vik for Inuit from Nain who maintain their connection to the history and traditions of the island. The archaeological record further attests to the antiquity of this seasonal-use place with Historic Inuit, Dorset Palaeoeskimo, and Maritime Archaic sites. This paper will explore the continuity of seasonal, human occupation on the island through analyses of site locations, cultural features, and artifact collections.}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis and BAIKIE, Gary and Lena Onalik} } @article {9553, title = {The Big Bar Lake Burial: Middle Period Human Remains from the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {55-78}, abstract = {

Collaboration between anthropologists and the Canoe Creek and High Bar First Nations resulted in the excavation and identification of a radiocarbon-dated 5,000-year-old human burial, one of only six Middle Period burials now known from three Canadian Plateau sites. The burial appears to have been an isolated mortuary occurrence but with a pattern of body disposition similar to China Lake (EiRm-7) and Pritchard (EeQw-21). Osteological analysis indicated an elderly female (sex confirmed by molecular testing) with age-related pathological changes. A comprehensive comparative review of known Canadian Plateau human remains, included in this study, revealed an individual of relatively short stature with strongly developed upper limbs. Stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) pointed to a predominantly terrestrial diet likely based on hunting, with a moderate intake of marine protein, presumably salmon. Testing for mitochondrial DNA indicated haplogroup A, which is widespread in living Native Americans. Comparative mtDNA data suggest long-standing genetic continuity in the Pacific Northwest, but with evidence for a genetically diverse population in existence at 5000 BP.

}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and Alan D. McMillan and Ripan S. Malhi and Brian M. Kemp and Harold Harry and Scott Cousins} } @Conference Paper {10543, title = {Black Goo on a Rock: Linking Ethnohistory and Archaeology}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Historical accounts have documented the practice of applying grease onto certain lithic materials prior to flintknapping. At the Hugo Dosch Site (EgOl-1), southwestern Saskatchewan, archaeological excavations yielded several lithic artifacts buried in a Late Prehistoric component on which a thin black coating was observed. Several analytical approaches were employed to determine the nature of this substance. The results of these analyses indicate this material is an organic residue, of animal origin, and is probably a lipid. We suggest that animal fat was applied to the surface of a Swan River Chert cobble prior to the lithic reduction process. The presence of animal residues on finished lithic artifacts and on pottery is not uncommon, but the occurrence of such residues on unfinished artifacts in the early stages of the reduction process has so far received little attention. Our results present an intriguing link between ethnographic accounts and the archaeological record and further our understanding of the manufacture of lithic tools.}, author = {DAWE, Bob and BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Conference Paper {10556, title = {BEOTHUK PALAEOETHNOBOTANY: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {At present very little is known about Beothuk plant use. The best potential source of new information is through palaeoethnobotanical research. Since 1990, MUN students have been examining plant remains recovered from Beothuk components at Deer Lake Beach (BhDi-6), Boyd{\textquoteright}s Cove (DiAp-3) and Ferryland (CgAf-2). In the summer of 1995, hearth features in Beothuk housepits at the Beaches site (DeAk-4-1), Trinity Bay, were systematically sampled for palaeoethnobotanical study. This paper focuses on the objectives and results of the Beaches Project, updates our current knowledge of Beothuk plant use and relates the known distribution of Beothuk archaeological sites to recognized ecological regions on the island of Newfoundland.}, author = {Michael Deal and Aaron BUTT} } @article {9565, title = {The Birds of Summer: Lakeside Routes into Late Pleistocene New England}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {121-126}, author = {Dena F. Dincauze and Victoria Jacobson} } @article {13853, title = {Bringing in the Children: The Impact of Social Archaeology on Archaeological Studies of Childhood in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {209-231}, abstract = {

In this paper, I present a historical overview to evaluate methodological and theoretical contexts that have impacted the study of Indigenous childhood in archaeology in the Great Lakes region. Until recently, the study of childhood practice has been largely overlooked, and our understanding of childhood has been limited to bioarchaeological studies of ancestral remains to address questions of health, diet, and disease, with less focus on childhood practices. Rather than a paucity of empirical data, I suggest that it is a theoretical emphasis on cultural history and its legacy that has resulted in restrictive models. Recently, emerging scholars have contributed significantly to the development of methodological and theoretical frameworks and have begun asking broader questions about identity and knowledge production. In this paper, I highlight the impact social archaeology has had on the archaeological research of Indigenous childhood in the Great Lakes region. I follow by identifying trends and future directions of childhood studies that are currently being pursued in the Great Lakes region. Growing our understanding of childhood in the past not only fleshes out past actors in archaeological narratives but also enhances understanding of broader social and economic practices in the region and provides frameworks to contribute to the broader theoretical arguments taking place in the anthropology of childhood.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.2.209}, author = {Steven G. H. Dorland} } @Conference Paper {10612, title = {Burning Down the House: The Archaeological Manifestation of Fire on Historic Domestic Sites}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper will examine the manifestation of fire as found archaeologically at four historic domestic sites in Ontario. Each site has experienced a burning episode of varying significance in the property{\textquoteright}s history. Soil deposition, debris fields, heat alteration of artifacts, fire intensity and types of fire debris will be discussed and analyzed with the intent of developing a paradigm for identifying such deposits.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @article {14058, title = {Backdirt and Bureaucracy Revisited: An Analysis of Research Trends in New Brunswick{\textquoteright}s Archaeology Practice Using Historic Data}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, pages = {178-208}, abstract = {

Since the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation - Clean Environment Act came into force in 1987 and the subsequent development of an archaeology industry pertaining to environmental impact assessment{\textendash}related work, there has been a dramatic shift in the character of research conducted in archaeology in the province. A discipline that was once dominated by academic and problem-oriented research, archaeology in New Brunswick has become overshadowed by industry and the rise of cultural resource management (CRM) archaeology. The role of government archaeologists in the province has also shifted from coastal salvage and problem-oriented archaeology towards oversight of a growing CRM industry{\textemdash}an industry the New Brunswick government now both participates in and regulates. We use available archaeological permit data to track the volume of archaeological fieldwork conducted in the province over a 35-year period in an attempt to describe the current archaeological milieu in the region.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/47.2.178}, author = {Trevor C. Dow and M. Gabriel Hrynick and Kenneth R. Holyoke} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9104, title = {Bringing Back the Past: Historical Perspectives on Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {213-216}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9321, title = {Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {340-342}, editor = {Engelbrecht, William} } @Conference Paper {10680, title = {The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9): A Late Precontact Bison Processing and Habitation Site}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9) is a late precontact bison processing and habitation site located immediately south of the city of Saskatoon. The site is named for late the Bill Richards, a Saskatoon Archaeological Society member and avid avocational archaeologist. This site has been excavated extensively in the past. Both the Saskatoon Archaeological Society and the University of Saskatchewan collaborated on a field school in which substantial excavations were conducted. In the fall of 2004, Stantec Consulting Ltd. completed the final mitigatory excavations of the Bill Richards Site. A total of 105 square meters have been excavated at the site, with the final 30 in 2004. In addition to a great deal of highly fragmented, burned and calcined bone, the site exhibits predominantly Late Side-notched projectile points and Mortlach pottery. This presentation will discuss the final findings and conclusions of the Stantec Consulting Ltd. project and attempt to integrate those findings with information gained from previous excavations.}, author = {Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin and Steven C. Kasstan} } @Conference Paper {10684, title = {Beyond Disorder: Chaos in Culture Change}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Ecological and other biological concepts are employed commonly by archaeologists and anthropologists to explain cultural adaptation and change processes. Often, cultural evolution is compared to biological evolution, meaning speciation. Cultural systems dynamics, however, are related more realistically to ecosystem dynamics. Especially suitable is the application of non-linear dynamical systems theory to ecological and cultural systems changes. The result is a new emphasis on life history evolution rather than speciation only. Self-organized life systems maximize long-term survival by adjusting to non-linear external influences, such as climate, via punctuated or pulsating unrepeated system state changes. All macroscopic systems, cultural systems included, are non-reversible, time-dependent and, therefore, non-linear or dynamical, each with its own sequence of unrepeated states or trajectory, entropically drawn to states of increasing disorder. When plotted mathematically, dynamical systems trajectories behave as fractals, bifurcating and separating exponentially with unpredictable yet infinite repetition in finite space. This causes the trajectories to fold over and wind around loci called strange or chaotic attractors, the basis of chaos theory. Chaotic trajectories cut ordered paths through a morass of random influences. The result is simplicity within complexity, order within seeming disorder or chaos, a basic structure of self-organization common to systems which are subject to unpredictable, random influences. This recently proposed chaos paradigm in science is the result of a new search for non-regularities or unrepeated phenomena, rather than the traditional search for regularities only which relegates chaos to background {\textquoteright}noise.{\textquoteright} The new paradigm includes a new deterministic emphasis in science. This is in the form of a new causality in which the order within seeming disorder cuts a predetermined path through chaotic or non-regular influences, the structure of the macroscopic order determined by the confinement of the disorder within finite boundaries. The change process is fractal, the trajectories of change bifurcating exponentially until they reach the limits of their physical parameters. Should a trajectory break out of these parametric limits, the bifurcation process begins all over again. Each bifurcation point is, in effect, a decision point, determining the paths of the trajectories until they reach further bifurcation points. This is similar to the {\textquoteright}pulsating{\textquoteright} ecosystem change process newly proposed by Howard Odum, is related to Stephen J. Gould{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}punctuated equilibrium{\textquoteright} evolutionary theory and is based directly on chaos theory. It is a case of entropy sowing the seeds of its own demise - increasing randomization can result only in the chaotic order which springs from random behaviour, resulting in re-affirmation of the order to disorder to restructuring sequence. The suggested chaotic cultural order functions so that uncertainty alternates with certainty on a pulsating basis, with a new system state path partly determined by its former state, and partly by chance changes occurring during the chaotic or decision intervals. Thus, the deterministic nature of cultural systems changes is due to an ordered form of disorder which occurs on a pulsating basis, and which provides {\textquoteright}choice{\textquoteright} or trajectory alternatives. However, once a state emerges from a chaotic interval, its trajectory is predetermined by the system order until it collapses once more into a chaotic state.}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @Conference Paper {10702, title = {Boreal Forest Archaeological Potential Modeling: The Tommy Lakes Integrated Information Project}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The present archaeological potential model used by Government agencies in northeastern British Columbia for management and planning purposes relies almost exclusively on digital information generated from digitized terrain maps. While the model is an efficient method of assessing relative archaeological potential over large areas, modeling attributes have not been critically examined for accuracy. The existing model also lacks some important variables, and as a result, a refined model has been produced. It is presently being tested on the Tommy Lakes area of NE BC, and incorporates real-life information gathered on the project area (i.e. geomorphology, wildlife habitats, traditional ecological knowledge). While the identification of archaeological potential is a key purpose of this new model, it also aims to reduce the visual and physical impacts of forestry developments on heritage sites and cultural landscapes in the area through informed planning and management.}, author = {Favarque, R{\'e}mi N.R. and Vandy E. Bowyer and Andrew de Vries} } @article {9588, title = {Between Colonial and Indigenous Archaeologies: Legal and Extra-legal Ownership of the Archaeological Past in North America}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {154-190}, abstract = {

For over a century and a half, archaeologists have fought to protect the archaeological record from impacts caused by looting, antiquities trafficking, development, and other threats to the preservation of, in effect, the raw material of the archaeological enterprise. But as post-colonial sensibilities slowly permeate North American society, descendant communities have challenged the basis for both archaeologists to assert an exclusive stewardship of the archaeological record, and the state\&$\#$39;s authority to endow this exclusivity to archaeologists. This paper reviews the historical context from which archaeologists have obtained in legislation a privileged trust from the state to manage and protect the archaeological record in North America, and the challenges First Nations have made to being excluded from their ancestor\&$\#$39;s past. While the changing balance in the politics of archaeology in North America is undermining archaeologists\&$\#$39; exclusivity, it also offers opportunities for archaeology to become more inclusive and relevant in society.

}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10742, title = {Baseline Knowledge: Issues in Managing an Unknown Resource / Connaissances de base : la gestion d{\textquoteright}une ressource inconnue}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The key component in any resource management plain is to know something about the resource being managed. As part of the current integration of archaeology into forestry activities, archaeologists are being asked to create heritage management plans on huge tracts of land with often little or no baseline information. The first response is usually to fall back on analogy and to take plans from elsewhere and apply them to the study area. Often this is referred to as modeling although many attempts fall far short of the minimal definition of what constitutes a model. This paper discusses the need to develop minimal baseline knowledge of a region as a prerequisite of developing a heritage management plans. It goes further to suggest that it is both unscientific and unethical to develop plans without some level of baseline knowledge. Finally it discusses the components required for developing baseline knowledge of a region and ways these can be integrated into a developing resource management plan.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim} } @Conference Paper {10843, title = {Boulder Field Archaeology in Nunavik: Methodological and Interpretative Issues / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie des champs de blocs au Nunavik: Probl{\"e}}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Over the last 15 years, the Avataq Cultural Institute has identified and excavated a growing number of archaeological sites located in boulder fields, and most of these sites are Early Palaeoeskimo in origin. Traditional excavation methods and techniques had to be adapted to this particular setting. This paper will discuss briefly these methodological issues, as well as their impact on the interpretation of the archaeological remains.}, author = {Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10883, title = {British Columbia Provincial Heritage Database}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In British Columbia, recorded archaeological sites records are held in a provincial heritage inventory database. This database consists of approximately 28,000 site records and is increasing by about 1800 records a year. A recent provincial government initiative to update and maintain the database has allowed the review of site records and rebuilding of the supporting spatial and textual computer applications. The three goals of the record review are: to ensure that sites were correctly located at the 1:20,000 mapping scale; to plot larger sites as polygons instead of points; to add cultural resource management information to the map display. The resulting site and resource management data are presented in one application that combines relational database and geographic information functions. To date, the support system has been completed and 10\% of the records have been reviewed. The project will take an additional five years to complete.}, author = {Doug Glaum} } @Conference Paper {10925, title = {Bowhead Whaling and the Thule Eskimo Intrasite Structure: A Spatial Approach}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent attempts to model hunter-gatherer intrasite organization have stressed the correla tion between physical distance and relative level of interaction, that is, {\textquoteright}social distance. {\textquoteright} Since labour cooperation increases interaction, differences in the level of cooperation for subsistence tasks are expected to be reflected in the spatial organization of residential sites. Four spatial dimensions (habitation density, degree of site structure, site integration, and nearest neighbour distances) were examined for 18 Classic Thule Eskimo sites in the central Canadian Arctic. The 18 sites were grouped into three zones according to bowhead whale abundance, and thus the probable importance of the bowhead whale in the Thule diet at the respective sites. Expectations for the four spatial variables were then generated on the premise that the greater importance of bowhead whales in the diet, the greater the level of cooperation, and thus the closer the {\textquoteright}social distance.{\textquoteright} Results indicate that there are interpretable differences in the spatial organization of sites from the three zones. These differences will be discussed in relation to the importance of bowhead whaling in Thule diet, labour cooperation, and {\textquoteright}social distance.{\textquoteright} It is concluded that these factors must be considered in models for Classic Thule intrasite spatial organization.}, author = {Colin Grier and James M. Savelle} } @article {9620, title = {Bigger is Better?: Factors Determining Ontario Iroquois Site Sizes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {107-116}, abstract = {

Because so many other aspects of culture are closely related to community size, it is important to understand what determines community sizes. Yet this problem has been generally ignored in the literature, with archaeologists and ethnographers alike appearing to adhere to some form of \&$\#$39;instinctual gregarious\&$\#$39; model of human grouping behavior. This assumption is shown to be unreasonable on economic, administrative, and medical grounds. Instead, it is argued that the most adaptive community sizes under most circumstances are the smallest possible sizes. What then accounts for unusually large settlements such as found in Late Ontario Iroquoian times with over 1,000 persons? The two most likely explanations are: defense and monopolistic trade, with most empirical support and explanatory power accruing to the trade model.

}, author = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9185, title = {Belief in the Past: Theoretical Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {300-303}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9184, title = {The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {080-082}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @article {12566, title = {Broadening $\#$MeToo: Tracking Dynamics in Canadian Archaeology Through a Survey on Experiences Within the Discipline}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {020-047}, abstract = {

The $\#$MeToo movement has turned global attention to structural power differentials grounded in gender, race, sexual orientation, and other aspects of identity, leading archaeologists to confront injustice in different sectors of our discipline, with a focus on sexual harassment and sexual assault. In 2019, the Canadian Archaeological Association{\textquoteright}s Working Group on Equity and Diversity conducted a survey of Canadian archaeologists to identify the extent of both sexualized and non-sexualized forms of discrimination, exploitation, harassment, and violence in our field. Our survey yielded 564 responses from archaeologists representing a wide range of genders, ages, career stages, and sectors. The results indicate a large portion of Canadian archaeologists have had negative experiences in the course of their work and study. This first stage of analysis focuses on demographic trends among survey respondents and noteworthy differences in their experiences based on gender, career stage, and participation in the academic or cultural resource management sector.

}, author = {Lisa Hodgetts and Kisha Supernant and Natasha Lyons and John R. Welch} } @article {9656, title = {Before and After the Fire: Archaeological Investigations at a Little Passage/Beothuk Encampment in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {1-30}, abstract = {

Archaeological investigations indicate that the Beothuk had a significant presence in the Trinity Bay region of southeastern Newfoundland in the centuries prior to the arrival of European fishermen in the 16th century. The Beothuk presence in this area continued for over a century following contact, but in time diminished as European activity and settlement increased. Eventually the Beothuk were forced to abandon the region all together. This paper examines this process as it played out in Stock Cove, the location of a significant late {\textquotedblleft}prehistoric{\textquotedblright} and probable historic Beothuk campsite. Excavations in Stock Cove attest to the importance of this area to the Beothuk and their ancestors, and with its abandonment, a sense of what was lost.

}, author = {Donald H. Holly Jr. and Christopher B. Wolff and John C. Erwin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9220, title = {Bones of the Ancestors: The Archaeology and Osteobiography of the Moatfield Ossuary}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {179-182}, editor = {Mima Kapches} } @article {9681, title = {The Bezya Site: A Wedge-Shaped Core Assemblage from Northeastern Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {059-098}, abstract = {

The Bezya site (HhOv-73) is a wedge-shaped core, microblade and burin producing site located approximately 70 km north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta. The site was discovered in 1980 during an archaeological inventory of the former Alsands tar sands lease, an area characterized by a patchwork of muskeg, interspersed with various combinations of aspen, spruce and pine. An assemblage which includes microcores, microblades, a notched transverse burin, burin spalls, fluted and platform element preparation and rejuvenation ridge flakes, core tablets and edge modified and unmodified debitage was concentrated in a 16 square metre area at 10 to 60 cm below surface. Cross fitting suggests a high degree of assemblage coherence, despite the vertical and horizontal dispersion. A composite sample of charcoal from the main microblade producing zone yielded a date of 3900 B.P. Within Alberta, the assemblage exhibits technological and morphological similarities with surface finds of microcores from the Calgary area in southern Alberta. However, the collection has the most intriguing parallels in terms of methods of core production and core morphology with Campus = Denali microblade assemblages extending on a northwest axis through the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska.

}, author = {Raymond J. LeBlanc and John W. Ives} } @article {9685, title = {The Basques in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Adjacent Shores}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {213-266}, abstract = {

Basque seasonal activity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is known from 1517 to 1767. Basque sites show distinctive patterns of spatial distribution, structures, material culture, and type of activity. They follow a four-period chronology, where periods of relative equilibrium are separated by geopolitical watershed events. The distribution and nature of Basque sites vary according to these periods. For each period, we analyse a major site: Red Bay (1530\–1580), Anse {\`a} la Cave (1580\–1630), Petit-M{\'e}catina (1630\–1713), and Pabos (1713\–1760). The material culture found on these sites reflects the evolution of supply networks in the Basque Country: a single Gipuzkoan network gives way to two parallel networks based in the provinces of Lapurdi and Bizkaia. The longevity and resilience of the Basque presence are explained by a solid grounding in the Euro-Atlantic staple trades, and by the Basques\’ customary role in strengthening Franco-Spanish relations.

}, author = {Brad Loewen and Vincent Delmas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11407, title = {Breaking Ground: The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and the Unearthing of Tse-whit-zen Village}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {128-131}, editor = {Chelsea Meloche} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9101, title = {The Boss Hill Site (FdPe-4) Locality 2: Pre-Archaic Manifestations in the Parkland of Central Alberta, Canada}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {247-249}, editor = {David Meyer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9308, title = {Bone Modification}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {247-249}, editor = {Richard E. Morlan} } @inbook {11018, title = {Bone and Antler Tools from a Late Prehistoric Mackenzie Inuit Site}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {45-54}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of a technological analysis of bone and antler remains from the Trail River site, in the northern Yukon. The site was notable for the heavy concentration of by-products associated with the manufacture of antler artifacts. There was also some evidence for the production of bone tools. The analysis was undertaken to determine the function of the feature where the bone and antler assemblage was found. Recognition of two types of gear was substantiated by the analysis of manufacturing techniques performed on the associated by-products. Personal gear (e.g. arrowheads, knife handles), made from antler, was manufactured with considerable effort and skill. These tools would have been prepared in anticipation of future caribou hunting. Situational gear (e.g. awls, scrapers), made from bone obtained on site, was manufactured expediently and intended for immediate use.}, author = {Murielle Nagy}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13192, title = {Blurring Timescapes, Subverting Erasure. Remembering Ghosts on the Margins of History}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {138-140}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.138}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @article {9765, title = {Building the Contextual Milieu: An Approach to Data Collection and Interpretation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {10-47}, abstract = {

In this paper an integrated approach to archaeological data collection and interpretation is offered, based upon the fundamental idea that all archaeological materials were deposited in a complex, interactive, contextual milieu, comprised of the physical, biological and cultural aspects of a past environment. Further, it is apparent that these useful but arbitrary divisions of the contextual milieu were intimately interconnected and, while they can be readily separated for analytical purposes, this interconnection must be recognized to fully understand the context in which past societies operated. A brief discussion of the major aspects of the physical, biological and cultural environment and their significance for human populations is offered, followed by a discussion of evidence upon which our analyses relied. This paper provides a contextual interpretive framework using examples from the SCAPE Project to illustrate the utility of an applied theoretical approach to the collection and subsequent interpretation of archaeological data.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Scott Hamilton and Garry Running and Matthew Boyd} } @article {9771, title = {Beyond the Water{\textquoteright}s Edge: Towards a Social Archaeology of Landscape on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {1-27}, abstract = {

Recent research into the environmental history of the Northwest Coast has revealed the significant cultural impact that pre-contact and contact period Indigenous communities had on the surrounding landscape. Ethnobotanical, paleoenvironmental, ethnographic, and archaeological approaches have documented the degrees to which people managed ecosystems or otherwise altered the physical landscape in places once considered \"wilderness\" by newcomers. Less attention has been paid to the ways in which landscapes were socially constructed and how living and working in such places gave meaning to social life at a variety of scales. Drawing from ethnographic, environmental and archaeological evidence, and taking into account how changes in the land would have become entangled within the routines of working the landscape, this article examines and interprets some of the social distinctions that people might have constructed through these places in the past. Two case studies from the central Coast Salish region are examined: first, the social practices and landscape features associated with cedar bark-stripping; and second, gardening traditions in sub-alpine areas of the Coast and Cascade Mountains. The results of this study suggest that we cannot separate economic (or cultural) patterns from the social qualities that are implicated within the practice of landscape modification, and that working and living through such places was socially consequential and bound up with concepts of history, memory, and identity.

}, author = {Jeff Oliver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9134, title = {Becoming an Archaeologist: A Guide to Professional Pathways}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {363-365}, editor = {Krystal Osborn} } @article {11401, title = {Burin and Spall Use at an Inland Arctic Small Tool Tradition Site, Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {63-78}, abstract = {

Burins and burin spalls are among the most distinctive Arctic Small Tool tradition flaked stone items but questions remain about how and for what purposes they were used. A study of the burin spalls from a multi-component site located in the interior of Baffin Island, LdFa-1, reveals differences in use-wear from coastal sites that may reflect different activities, and demonstrates that burins and burin spall tools were likely expediently manufactured and discarded.

}, author = {Robert W. Park and S. Brooke Milne and Douglas R. Stenton} } @article {9787, title = {Burnt Knaps: a Micmac Site in Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {057-069}, abstract = {

Initial Micmac migration between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland is known to have occurred as early as the 17th century and continued, although often sporadically, over the following centuries. Resource depletion on the mainland, the conquest of Acadia by the English, and the demise of the Beothuck early in the 19th century are thought to be factors which encouraged migration. Burnt Knaps, an interior caribou hunting site, was occupied by Conne River Micmacs during the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the first Micmac site excavated in Newfoundland, and provides information concerning traditional dwellings, diet, and lifestyles.

}, author = {Gerald Penney and Heather Nicol} } @inbook {11020, title = {Bridges Across Time: The NOGAP Archaeology Project An Introduction}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {1-4}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {11039, title = {Below the Falls; An Ancient Cultural Landscape in the Centre of (Canada{\textquoteright}s National Capital Region) Gatineau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {257-293}, abstract = {

Recently discovered information clearly identifies Hull Landing in Gatineau as the location of a burial place first documented in 1843 and, since the late nineteenth century, believed to have been located across the river in Ottawa. It appears to have been chosen for the burial of generations of people beginning sometime between 4,500 and 4,900 years ago. That same location was the beginning of a major portage. Nearby was a place of great spiritual significance and power: the Chaudi{\`e}re Falls. The delta of the Gatineau River downstream from Hull Landing was a summer gathering place with a wealth of food and lithic resources. People travelled down the Gatineau, Rideau and Ottawa rivers to meet, trade and exchange information beginning some 4,600 years ago. When combined with additional archaeological evidence, accumulated over the past 170 years, it is now apparent that the north shore of the Ottawa River between the Chaudi{\`e}re Falls and the mouth of the Gatineau River constituted a cultural landscape that had been used for somewhere on the order of four to five millennia.

}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon and Randy Boswell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9367, title = {The Bruner-Colasanti Site: An Early Late Woodland Component, Essex County, Ontario}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @Symposium Papers {10960, title = {Bird medullary bone: A seasonal dating technique for faunal analysis}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {183-190}, author = {Anne~Meachem~Rick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9400, title = {The Body as Material Culture: A Theoretical Osteoarchaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {140-142}, editor = {Heather Robertson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9395, title = {Birds}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {286-288}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9406, title = {Burial Terminology: A Guide for Researchers}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {174-176}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9412, title = {Birds from the Ground: The Record of Archaeology in Ontario}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {145-147}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9851, title = {Boardwalk, Northern Northwest Coast, Canada{\textemdash}A New Face to an Old Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {205-233}, abstract = {

Recent excavations at the Boardwalk site in Prince Rupert Harbour provide new insights into subsistence, and into events in the Harbour, between 2200 and 950 B.P. Fish, especially salmon, were far more important than previously thought, while mammals and birds comprise less than 10 percent of the fauna. At 2200 B.P. Boardwalk was occupied primarily during fall and winter, with a subsistence based mainly on salmon, supplemented by land mammals and birds, but few sea mammals. About 2000 B.P., deposition ceased in parts of Boardwalk, followed by abandonment at other Harbour villages. These events coincided with evidence of climatic instability, increased human conflict, and growing status differentiation. By 1200 B.P., fauna increased sixfold at Boardwalk, and seasonal indicators provide a strong case for year-round occupation. Inhabitants took much greater advantage of marine resources, particularly sea mammals, and salmon was still a staple. Over time, despite instability and change in the Harbour, Boardwalk clearly held a unique position vis-{\`a}-vis other sites.

}, author = {STEWART, Kathlyn M. and Frances L. Stewart and Gary Coupland} } @article {9849, title = {The Boardwalk and Grassy Bay Sites: Patterns of Seasonality and Subsistence on the Northern Northwest Coast, B.C.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {039-060}, abstract = {

The northern Northwest coast has long been the focus of archaeological investigation, but while the material culture has been well documented, only recently has the time depth of exploitation and seasonality of coastal subsistence resources been investigated. Analysis was conducted of over 20,000 faunal specimens from the Boardwalk site, and over 2,000 specimens from the Grassy Bay site, both located on or near Prince Rupert Harbour, B.C. Analysis indicated that prehistoric subsistence patterns differ from those recorded for the Coast Tsimshian in historic times. Boardwalk was occupied back at least to 4200 BP, and was a large village with year-round occupation. Its inhabitants hunted a large variety of birds, and land and sea mammals. Grassy Bay was occupied from about 1615 to 620 BP, and was a predominantly seasonal summer camp, with inhabitants taking mainly the rhinoceros auklet, and in later levels, sea mammals. At about 1900 to 1600 BP, the appearance of the Grassy Bay site and at least two other Prince Rupert Harbour sites indicate an apparent population increase. These sites had a more seasonal subsistence focus than seen at Boardwalk. This trend towards more seasonal settlements apparently intensified, resulting in the large seasonal population movements recorded in historic times.

}, author = {Frances Stewart and Kathlyn Stewart} } @inbook {11011, title = {The Basket Case: Deciphering Subsistence Patterns in the Southwest Anderson Plain Region, N.W.T., in the Late Prehistoric Period}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {113-129}, abstract = {The analysis of 12 faunal samples collected in the southwest Anderson Plain demonstrates a clear dependence on caribou as a primary dietary mainstay in late prehistoric times. The secondary focus shifted seasonally between snowshoe hare, fish and waterfowl. This analysis has also identified a number of bone disposal techniques which included burning in the domestic fire, gathering and burial, and possibly disposing of the bones of certain species in a nearby lake or stream.}, author = {Leslie Still}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9296, title = {Be of Good Mind: Essays on the Coast Salish}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {281-284}, editor = {Kisha Supernant} } @article {11808, title = {Breaking Lipids to Enrich the Past: Looking Up to the Next 50 Years of Organic Residue Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {124-136}, author = {Karine Tach{\'e}} } @article {9499, title = {Balsam Lake Chert from the Upper Member of the Middle Ordovician Bobcaygeon Formation of Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {135-148}, abstract = {

Balsam Lake chert, a diagnostic lithic material characterized by its dark bluish-gray colour and peloidal texture, is of interest because of its use by native peoples of southern Ontario for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Archaeologists have found this material at various sites but its geological source has until now remained unknown. We have located two in situ sources of the chert in the upper member of the Bobcaygeon Formation on Balsam Lake. This chert is apparently, discontinuously bedded and restricted to one horizon, an important factor in tracing it elsewhere in the area and in locating Indian quarry and workshop sites.

}, author = {Peter H. von Bitter and Betty Eley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9344, title = {Bison Ethology and Native Settlement Patterns During the Old Women{\textquoteright}s Phase on the Northwestern Plains}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {350-355}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9133, title = {British Columbia Prehistory}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {248-250}, editor = {William Workman} }