@Conference Paper {10465, title = {Forest Planning and Archaeology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The BC forest industry and government agencies have experienced a four fold increase in bureaucratic process (paper pushing) over the last five years. At the same time as the implementation of the Forest Practices Code, there has been parallel increase in the legal, political and social profile of First Nations status, culture, heritage and archaeological resources. How does a Forest Licensee operating on Crown land deal with this process? The evolving approach towards addressing First Nations{\textquoteright} archaeological resources within forest management activities is reviewed. First Nations{\textquoteright} concerns, multi-levels of governments, Codes, Acts, Regulations, policies, licenses and contracts provide the bureaucracy. How do the right people get involved so that the {\textquoteright}on-the-ground{\textquoteright} archaeological resources are identified and protected? An effective and efficient approach towards getting archaeological assessments which can be incorporated into landscape-level forest development plans and block-specific prescriptions is required. Real people are involved in making it happen.}, author = {COULTER,} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9085, title = {An Earlier Population of Hesquiat Harbour, British Columbia}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {248-250}, author = {Cybulski} } @Conference Paper {10362, title = {Caribou in Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Territories: A First Look at the Oral History Sources}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The recent discovery of extensive deposits of ancient caribou droppings on Thandl\‰t and other mountains in the southern Yukon has shown biologists and other researchers that this species was once locally abundant in Champagne and Aishihik First Nations traditional territory. Elders and those familiar with our history, however, know that the Champagne and Aishihik people have a long history with caribou. As recent as just over a century ago, caribou were one of the most significant food and clothing sources. To contribute to the understanding of the species{\textquoteright} biology and recent history in CAFN traditional territory, oral history sources (old ethnographies, legends and stories, old and more recent interview transcripts) and archival documents have been examined. At least 9 different hunting fences, for example, are mentioned in the materials examined. These sources shed light on the former range and abundance of the species in the southern part of CAFN traditional territory, where caribou are now rare. While considerable more directed interview work with CAFN Elders is needed, the data examined to date begins to assemble a picture of people and caribou in not too distant times.}, author = {CHAMPAGNE and AISHIHIK FIRST NATIONS and Diane STRAND and Sheila Greer} } @Conference Paper {9975, title = {Bentley Street: Working With People Towards Heritage Preservation}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In late August 1997, word reached Archaeological Services New Brunswick that a known pre-contact site within the City of Saint John was scheduled for sale and development. A flurry of meetings with the city, the developer, the Native community and provincial authorities resulted in a delay of development proceedings. In October three weeks of archaeological work was conducted at the previously untested Bentley Street site. The results of the testing project were surprising to all parties including the archaeologist. Everyone agreed that there was indeed reason to step back from at least a portion of the proposed development area. This paper summarizes the history surrounding the Bentley Street situation, the results of the 1997 test and the efforts required to preserve a rare piece of New Brunswick heritage.}, author = {ALLEN} } @Conference Paper {9984, title = {Chinookan Cellars}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ethnohistoric accounts describe Chinookan people storing valuables in the spaces beneath the sleeping platforms in their houses. Paul Kane{\textquoteright}s painting of the interior of a Chinookan house shows such spaces also being used for sleeping. Excavations of a relatively large number of precontact and contact era Chinookan houses along the Lower Columbia River reveal that, in addition to the space between the platform and the floor, extensive subfloor storage pits existed beneath the sleeping platforms. In some structures, the pits are located immediately below the sleeping platforms, while in others, they merge into a substantial cellar. There is also variation within large, multi-room structures as to whether all rooms have these features. The scale of subfloor features may vary with vulnerability to flooding. Intra-house variation in these features, however, may reflect the status of the household members. Contents of these features varies markedly from stored valuables to fully articulated wapiti limbs.}, author = {AMES} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9045, title = {Marpole, Anthropological Reconstructions of a Prehistoric Northwest Coast Culture Type}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {187-191}, editor = {Donald N. Abbott} } @Conference Paper {9943, title = {Implications for Museums}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The new form of Indian-run cultural recovery programmes commonly anticipates the creation of Band museums on the home reserve. So long as these are properly constituted on sound museological principles the major {\textquoteright}professional{\textquoteright} museums - and university departments which maintain permanent collections - can hardly object. Indeed, these developments conform with recent trends for the larger central institutions to cease competing for collections but rather to encourage and assist local museums specializing in the story of their own communities. Mutual cooperation between large and small museums is a definite advantage to the research interests of the former as archaeologists, for example, have always insisted that full and accurate information is infinitely more valuable than mere objects. In this field major research museums may more and more emphasize their functions as resource and data centres at some expense to their traditional roles centred about collections of {\textquoteright}significant objects{\textquoteright}.}, author = {Don Abbott} } @Conference Paper {9945, title = {The Petersen Site (33T9) and New Perspectives on the Parker Festooned Ceramic Type in the Lower Great Lakes}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Excavations at the Petersen Site (330T9), located in north-central Ohio, have been under way for the past four years, yielding a wealth of information pertaining to the cultural manifestation believed to be ancestral to the historic Totontaratonhronon. Among the most illuminating of all the site{\textquoteright}s wealth has been the ceramic assemblage, which is dominated by over several hundred vessels of the ceramic type Parker Festooned, a hallmark of the Wolf phase. Comparison of this assemblage with those from several sites in the western Lake Erie region has demonstrated a clear seriation for the Parker Festooned type, from its inception to its decline, and to its partial expression in later types of the same cultural tradition. The latter observation have resulted in a hitherto unprecedented understanding of the temporal, spacial, and stylistic dynamics of the Parker Festooned type. From this, a revised type definition is offered, integrating these new understandings and shedding light on seriation problems which have plagued western Great Lakes researchers for decades.}, author = {Abel, Tirnothy J.} } @article {12925, title = {Rethinking the Iroquoian Occupation of Northern New York}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {283-302}, abstract = {

Recent Bayesian modeling of new high-precision AMS dates has caused a revision of the Iroquoian chronology of northern New York. The Iroquoian occupation is now estimated to date between AD\ 1425{\textendash}1520, with no good evidence for developmental precursors in the region. The more than 50 village components in the region must now fit into almost half the temporal span as previously believed. All the settlement clusters now seem to have been contemporary and dual village settlement for some of the clusters now seems likely. For the ceramic seriation to remain true, one of the cluster sequences must be chronologically reversed, having significant implications for its culture history. Finally, while their dispersal from northern New York remains complex, it must be rethought considering the new chronology.

}, author = {Timothy J. Abel} } @Conference Paper {9944, title = {The Protohistoric Transition in the Southwestern Lake Erie Region}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper follows the interpretation of the protohistoric period in the southwestern Lake Erie Basin from Fitting{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}cultural blank{\textquoteright} to the present, tracing advancements in understanding brought about by new archaeological data and new methods of metal artifact analysis. Early in the 1980s, metal artifacts from the protohistoric Indian Hills site were subjected to atomic absorption and x-ray diffraction spectrometry which was used to distinguish copper and brass samples. A decade later, more samples from Indian Hills and newly discovered components were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, and initial attempts were made to separate European from native coppers. Most recently, X-ray flourescence has been applied to metal artifacts from both prehistoric and historic components in the region, revealing trends from native to European metal use. A current model of the protohistoric transition within the Sandusky tradition is offered.}, author = {Timothy J. Abel and Adrian L. Burke and Stothers, David M.} } @Conference Paper {9946, title = {Aboriginal Rights and Cultural Contact: Paradigm or Platitude? / Droits des Autochtones et contact culturel : paradigme ou lieu commun?}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Aboriginal rights fundamentally rest on the notion of traditional use. A series of recent Supreme Court of Canada decisions have underscored this relationship and, in doing so, have forced the question of what constitutes culture contact and what forms of evidence, including archaeological, may assist in the legal determination of aboriginal rights. According to the courts, to qualify as an aboriginal right an activity must be an element of a practice, custom or tradition integral (i.e. a central and significant part) to the distinctive culture of the aboriginal group claiming the right prior to contact with European societies. Date of contact is assumed to be the point at which aboriginal contact with European society was sufficient to have influence on aboriginal culture. This paper critically explores the concept of culture contact as an agency of change by asking the question what constitutes culture contact?}, author = {Steven Acheson} } @Conference Paper {9949, title = {The Whys and Wherefores of Haida Settlement Distribution: An Examination of Biophysical Influences on Human Settlement in Southern Haida Gwaii}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Previous analyses of settlement data from Gwaii Haanas revealed noticeable differences in the size and number of settlements for the region. Large multi-lineage villages were unlikely to have existed at earlier times on Haida Gwaii and much smaller, widely dispersed settlements were probably the rule for the late pre-contact period. Previous settlement analyses correlated settlement size and location, number and size of houses, the presence or absence of an historical component for all identified {\textquoteright}village{\textquoteright} sites, combined with consideration of Haida oral traditions and family histories. In this paper we build on previous approaches by integrating an analysis of biophysical variables in relation to settlements and other site types in Gwaii Haanas. The quality of the inventory data, the extensive GIS mapping of marine-edge variables, and the fact these data entirely cover Kunghit territory, provides for an analysis rarely possible in coastal settlement archaeology.}, author = {Steven Acheson and Alexander P. Mackie and Ian D. Sumpter} } @article {9471, title = {The Clonard Bay Point: Evidence of Lanceolate Bifaces in the Queen Charlotte Islands}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {141-148}, author = {Steven Acheson} } @Conference Paper {9948, title = {Plotting Archaeologists or Plotting Sites? An Evaluation of Survey Objectives and Techniques in Selected Areas of British Columbia}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper evaluates how differing project objectives and methodological approaches affect the results of archaeological site surveys. The discussion considers the role of contemporary enviromnental and logistical criteria, as well as theoretical biases, in archaeological interpretation. Two culturally and geographically distinct localities, Meares Island and a section of the Fraser Canyon, British Columbia, arc compared. Analysis dernonstrates the failure of many archaeologists to address these factors in archaeological survey. Explicit recognition of such constraints will generate a more critical and ultimately more constructive means of interpreting archaeological site data.}, author = {Acheson, Steven R. and Diana E. French} } @Conference Paper {9947, title = {{\textquoteright}The Thin Edge . . .{\textquoteright}: Evidence for Pre-contact Metal Use and Working on the Northwest Coast}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {There is considerable archaeological evidence for the widespread distribution and use of metal on the Northwest Coast. Despite this, the contemporary literature is relatively silent on the possibility for incipient metallurgy within the region. What is clear, based on both early historical records and surviving ethnographic specimens, is that First Nation peoples had remarkable knowledge of and skill in metal working from the outset of culture contact. This paper reviews some of the evidence for metal use on the Northwest Coast, including an unusual specimen from the southern Queen Charlotte Islands, and implications for the existence of a metal working tradition prior to historical contact.}, author = {Acheson, Steven R.} } @Symposium Papers {10957, title = {Early Cultural Complexes on the Northern Northwest Coast}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {195-209}, abstract = {The occupation of the northern sector of the Northwest Coast during the Early Period (circa 10,000-5,000 BP) is represented by a scattering of sites on the mainland and the off shore islands of the Alexander Archipelago. Definition of the cultural phase (s) is thus far limited to lithic inventories. Information, thus far available, indicates a considerable amount of contact among groups on the coast and continuing relations with interior groups on the mainland. Characterization of the coastal adaptations during this time period will be based mainly on data from archaeological and geological investigations, and from radiocarbon dating of sites in the Icy Strait-Lynn Canal region.}, author = {R.E. Ackerman and T.D. Hamilton and R. Stuckenrath} } @Conference Paper {9950, title = {Analogy and Technology: The Problfm of Microblade Use}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Discoveries of microblades in sites in the Pacific Northwest, Alaska, and Canada have prompted investigators to consider the modes of microblade production. Primary emphasis has been on the identification of microcore types for use as spatial and temporal indicators. As a tentative venture into the problematic area of microblade use, a three fold approach has been taken in this paper: (1) ethnographic analogy - a study of side and end hafted tools from selected ethnographic collections, (2) experimental - use of microblades as end and side hafted tools in working wood and bone, and (3) archeological - analysis of wear patterns on a collection of microblades from a site in southeastern Alaska.}, author = {Robert E. Ackerman} } @Conference Paper {9951, title = {{\textquoteright}A Great Collection of Indian Relics{\textquoteright} from a Destroyed Late Archaic and Early Woodland Mortuary Centre in Eastern Ontario}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the 1930{\textquoteright}s a burial mound and associated domestic sites on the old Wattam farm, near Verona,Ontario, were dug in the search for Indian Relics.A newspaper report from the period indicates that numerous bodies had been buried at this location, and a wide variety of artifacts were discovered during the spadework.Although the burial mound has been totally destroyed and the majority of the Wattam collection is now dispersed, approximately one third of the artifacts are still available for study. Contrary to the picture of intertribal warfare and battles suggested by the newspaper report, analysis of the remaining artifacts indicates a more peaceable and long term use of the area.Artifacts associated with Terminal Archaic Red Ochre, and Early Woodland Meadowood and Middlesex burial complexes have been recognized indicating that this Shield edge site operated as a significant mortuary center over a broad time span.A variety of more utilitarian items from these periods indicates that considerable non-mortuary activity also took place in the area. The findings from the Wattam farm are discussed in the context of, and compared with, mortuary and domestic sites from the surrounding area.}, author = {Adams, Nick} } @Conference Paper {9955, title = {Site Survey in Grasslands National Park: Site Prediction and Usability Models}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {When surveys produce 1100 prehistorie sites and very little information about them, archaeological analysis becomes a problem. This paper reviews the site information from Grasslands National Park and presents conclusions on how the data can be used in predicting site locations and site relationships. It also demonstrates how cultural resource management principles can be applied to best manage the sites.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Conference Paper {9954, title = {Getting to Grass}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Grasslands National Park is considering stocking Bison to replicate long term historical grazing patterns instead of current range management practices. This has led to several avenues of research that are focused on grazing habits of bison and their relationship to the park. With over 3000 recorded archaeological sites in the park, potential exists for archaeological data to contribute to the development of that understanding. However, since most recorded sites are simply surface indications and no excavated material or dates have been collected, it is a challenge to find avenues of research that can provide significant information. This presentation summarizes some recent experiments their results where attempts to mine existing data have been undertaken. One experiment was to relate archaeological distribution patterns to deep stratigraphic patterns. This work is progressing conjunction with Drs. Elena and Serguei Ponomarenko. A second experiment was to look at radiocarbon dated sites in the region to search out patterns of bison utilization. Some of the results and data gaps identified in these experiments will be discussed.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9312, title = {Forager-Traders in South and Southeast Asia: Long Term Histories}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {366-369}, editor = {Ron Adams} } @Conference Paper {9953, title = {Niaqulik, History meeting Archaeology}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Recent salvage excavation of a pair of 20th century sod houses in Ivvavik National Park at Niaqulik, have provided some interesting insights into the interrelationship between archaeology and traditional knowledge. The two houses, both very simply constructed in a traditional style, have provided enough information to make interpretations on who built them, when they were used, and how they fit into the bigger picture of Inuvialuit settlement at the Niaqulik site. This paper will present the results of the excavations and demonstrate how it can be fitted into the North Slope Inuvialuit Oral History project of Murielle Nagy (1994) to integrate the two projects into a more comprehensive understanding of recent history on the shores of the Beaufort Sea.}, author = {Adams, Gary} } @Conference Paper {9952, title = {Northwestern Plains Prehistory Database: A New CRM Tool}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Over the past two years, Parks Canada has commissioned Western Heritage Services Inc. to design and produce a tool to access and analyze Northwestern Plains prehistory through direct access to data. The project was conceived as a management and research tool that would allow users to identify resources within the study area that would relate to a wide variety of questions and management needs. The final product has the capacity to call up information on archaeological sites, historic records, cultural and natural features, and oral traditions, then sort and display textual or cartographic information. This report will outline objectives of the project, summarize how the database works, and discuss some examples of how it will be put to use.}, author = {Adams, Gary and James FINNIGAN} } @article {9472, title = {Old World Prehistory and Early Canadian Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {001-017}, abstract = {

Scottish prehistory and Canadian archaeology and ethnology were interdependent for key figures in the history of archaeology, such as Sir Daniel Wilson. One way to assess the nature and extent of interconnectedness of intellectual traditions between the Old and New Worlds is to look to the parallel establishment of national museums, and key questions emerge. The present study therefore looks to (a) ways in which Scottish and wider European impulses have influenced early Canadian archaeological and ethnological collections, such as that of the Geological Survey of Canada, and (b) the extent to which Canadian material culture shaped conceptions of the British and Irish past. Grappling with these topics leads us to be critical of simple colonialist models of ideas and influences emanating outwards from a central core.

}, author = {Kristj{\'a}n Ahronson} } @Conference Paper {9956, title = {Scotland, Prehistory, chloroform and cave sites: A legacy of thought}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The idea that caves held significance in later prehistoric and early medieval landscapes has long been mooted, and, in the case of northern Britain, has been driven by the dedicated interests of key figures in the history of archaeology, such as Sir Daniel Wilson and Sir James Young Simpson. These two men were multi-faceted scholars of great significance. In his seminal 1851 publication Arch{\ae}ology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, Wilson coined {\textquoteright}Prehistory{\textquoteright} and brought important ideas from Scandinavian scholarship to Britain and later to Canada. Simpson, in turn, is most widely known for his discovery and advocacy of how to successfully apply chloroform; however, he was also a leader for Scotland{\textquoteright}s archaeological community, bringing a wealth of wide-ranging knowledge and fresh perspectives to the field. Following on from Wilson and Simpson, a century and a half of research in Scotland identified cave sites as an aspect of early medieval settlement, and relates these places to the flowering of Gaelic monasticism. Nonetheless, there is a wider context for these sites and the fundamental similarities between early Christian communities across Britain and Ireland are at odds with this northern distribution. By considering the origins of our ideas for early medieval Britain, this paper targets the question of whether our perception of cave use may be skewed by the long history of Scottish interest in the topic. Given his prominence and long career at the University of Toronto, an unresolved question is to what extent Wilson{\textquoteright}s ideas affected his perception of cave sites in Canada.}, author = {Kristj{\'a}n Ahronson} } @Conference Paper {9957, title = {Archaeological Fiction And Fact / Fiction et r{\'e}alit{\'e} arch{\'e}ologiques}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In the last 30 years, but at an accelerating rate throughout the 90s, a new genre of literature {\textendash}archaeological fiction{\textendash} has become prevalent in bookstores across North America. In these books, authors attempt to reconstruct the lives of past peoples through a fictional narrative, but use an essential base of archaeological data to accomplish this task. However, very few of these authors are archaeologists. This has important ramifications in terms of the accuracy of the material presented, since for a large segment of the general public, these novels and certain sensationalistic TV documentaries are the only contact these people will ever have with archaeology. Questions to be addressed will include: (1) How much archaeological fiction is actually being read by the general public; and (2) How do different groups of people (i.e. literary critics, professional archaeologists, the reading public, ect.) feel about archaeological fiction in general? By answering these questions, and by doing a breif survey of the overall factual accuracy of the literature, I will address the third, and most important question: How well is archaeological fiction actually educating the public about archaeology, and what can be done to increase this level of information?}, author = {AITCHISON, Sarah} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13189, title = {Playing with Things: Engaging with Moche Sex Pots}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {131-132}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.131}, editor = {Aleksa K. Alaica} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11943, title = {The Oxford Handbook of Zooarchaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {287-293}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12172, title = {Clovis Mammoth Butchery. The Lange/Ferguson Site and Associated Bone Tool Technology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {094-097}, editor = {Benjamin Albouy} } @Conference Paper {9960, title = {A Working Woman Needs a Good Toolkit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In response to increased interest in gender issues in archaeology, this paper looks at the action spheres in which women are engaged as tool makers and tool users in hunting-gathering societies. Based on ethnoarchaeological research in northern British Columbia, this paper examines the roles of men and women in subarctic hunting-gathering communities, the kinds of activities they are involved in and the kinds of tools they require for varions tasks. Direct observations on women{\textquoteright}s tool making and tool using behaviour help to define the contexts in which the results or remains of these activities are visible in the archaeological record. This research indicates that knowledge obtained from ethnographic and oral history sources can provide new insights and perspectives for interpreting the patterning seen in artifact assemblages and their distribution in archaeological sites.}, author = {Albright, Sylvia} } @Conference Paper {9959, title = {Exploring Evidence of Womens Rituals and Ceremonies in the Thompson River Region of British Columbia}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper explores the archaeological evidence for women{\textquoteright}s life cycle rituals and ceremonies among the Nlaka{\textquoteright}pamux, based on archaeological and ethnographic data from the Thompson River Region of British Columbia. Research indicates that there are distinct differences between men{\textquoteright}s and women{\textquoteright}s ritual sites in terms of site locations, material evidence and images produced on pictograph panels.}, author = {Albright, Sylvia} } @Conference Paper {9958, title = {Ethnoarchaeological investigations of Tahltan fish camps on the Stikine River, northern British Columbia}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Through the combined use of ethnographic information and archaeological data it has been possible to reconstruct the behavioral patterns related to the formation of prehistoric fishing sites on the Upper Stikine River. In the yearly round of seasonal activities traditionally engaged in by the Tahltan people, Summer fishing villages located along major salmon producing streams were occupied for longer periods of time, by larger groups of people, than other seasonally occupied sites. The intensity and range of activities carried out at these sites render them more visible in terms of archaeological remains. A thorough understanding of the behavioural processes involved in the formation of these sites is considered essential for interpreting their significance within the overall pattern of subsistence strategies and reconstructing cultural history in this area.}, author = {Albright, S.} } @Conference Paper {9961, title = {Factors responsible for polish on flint woodworking tools}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Woodworking can produce a distinctive polish on the working edge of a stone tool. However the amount of polish varies according to the type of wood modified. Controlled tool-use experiments are used to delineate the chemical and physical properties of wood which cause this differential polish.}, author = {Alexander, D.} } @Conference Paper {9962, title = {The Zacoalco-Sayula Pilot Project}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Zacoalco-Sayula basin is situated near Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. It represents the westernmost enclosed-drainage basin located in the Mexican Volcanic Belt. The region is famous for its paleontological deposits with a remarkable Pleistocene component. The Regional Museum of Guadalajara has among its collections, bone and lithic artifacts belonging to the paleoindian period, the majority reported to have been collected in the fossil gravels of the beaches of Zacoalco- Sayula. The Zacoalco-Sayula Pilot Project 1983(ZSPP)directed by R. Forbis and M. Aliphat, carried out seminal research on the geology, geomorphology, botany and archaeology of the possible context of previous finds (faunal and artifacts), through an interdisciplinary approach that helped to define potential localities for further research and excavation.}, author = {Aliphat, Mario M.} } @Conference Paper {9964, title = {Thule culture adaptation to Eastern Arctic wood availability}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The availability of wood in the Eastern Arctic differs from that in the Western Arctic. The present study contributes to showing how the Thule people, in their eastern migration, adapted their needs and techniques to the new wood availibility patterns they encountered. Wood is more rarely found than in the West; the arrival of driftwood in the East is less predictable and more irregular. The low species diversity in driftwood accumulations makes it more difficult to determine the choices Thule people made during the various stages of wood processing. We sought to identificy and determine the mechanical characteristics of the collected materials in order to understand their selection for specific functions. However, it remains to be understood how far these technical choices were conditionned by ressource accessibility alone.}, author = {ALIX, Claire} } @Conference Paper {9963, title = {TAKING WOOD TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THULE CULTURE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Besides J.L. Giddings{\textquoteright} work on driftwood, mostly oriented on tree-ring dating(Giddings 1940-60), C.Arnold is the only archaeologist to have stressed the importance of wood for our understanding of Thule culture (Arnold 1994). Except for these, and for D. Lyaendecker{\textquoteright}s identifying wood from Baffin Island sites (Meta Incognita Project, Smithsonian Institution), nobody has yet attempted to construct a data base on woods from the American and Canadian Arctic. The reference frame presented will, in the long view, allow us to serve and upgrade our interpretation of archaeological remains. Woods from eight chosen sites add new information even on initial Thule migrations: importance and role of that material. Located along the North Alaskan coast and the Canadian archipelago and excavated at sundry times from the fifties through the eighties, these sites are dated back to the initial stages of Thule culture (Early Thule and Ruin Island phase). The endeavour through the present wood artifact analyses is stayed on cross-linking a). wood availability, collecting patterns, species selection, b). artifact function and needs, and c). artifact manufacture (wood working). Its aim is to get a glimpse on the technical level or traceable behaviour of Thule people. The artifact analyses, including large series of species identification of wooden artifacts found on each site, are concomitantly supplemented and hopefully supported by means of trial runs of neutron activation analyses (in collaboration with C. Stimmell, University of Toronto): the end purpose is to elaborate a methodology to differentiate driftwood from non-driftwood, in order to better understand the collecting patterns of woody materials (local collecting, exchange, special journeys). The preliminary results from an initial testing of driftwood, green wood, dead wood and archaeological wood allow us to assess the types of complexities entailed and more over the {\textquoteright}polluting agents{\textquoteright} that need be taken into account when interpreting data. All told, the results are promising and exciting.}, author = {ALIX, Claire and Carole Stimmell} } @Conference Paper {9965, title = {Utilisation du bois dans l{\textquoteright}Arctique : le bois de gr{\'e}ve hier et aujourd{\textquoteright}hui}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {ALIX, Claire} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9385, title = {The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who Greeted Columbus}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Louis Allaire} } @article {9687, title = {Mapping and excavations at the Fortress of the Kitselas Canyon, B.C.}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {048-055}, author = {Louis Allaire and George~F.~MacDonald} } @Conference Paper {9966, title = {Reaching Out by Looking In: Interactive Burial}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {There is a clear need for archaeology to reach out to the public. Controversy surrounding the archaeology of human remains continues to cultivate misunderstandings between archaeologists, aboriginal groups, and the public. The following is a proposal for an interactive burial, which will be an innovative and informative tool for interfacing with the public about various perspectives, issues, and questions related to burial archaeology. The interactive CD ROM introduces the basic units and methods of human skeletal analysis and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each analytical method. Five self-directed fictional burial excavations allow the user to explore various aspects of burial archaeology, including context, preservation, research, and repatriation. Respect for multiple perspectives concerning human remains is emphasized, and other ideas are presented as legitimate and equitable. Highlights include the contribution archaeology makes to the forward progress of knowledge and to a greater understanding of the human condition.}, author = {Allard, Travis and Laurie Shead} } @Conference Paper {9974, title = {Ceramic Variability and Social Identity: Applying Ideas about Technical Choices and Chaine Operatoire to Iroquoian Pottery}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Ethnoarchaeological research has provided many insights into understanding the causes of ceramic variability in the archaeological record. Among these are those that focus on technical choices and manufacturing processes in relation to social boundaries. The ability to examine what was formerly termed function and style in a more unified way through a consideration of technological style provides new insight into the ways variability in ceramics relates to social and group identities and the process of marking social boundaries (whether intentional or not). Analysis of ceramics from two contemporary early historic Seneca village sites provides a database within which to apply results from several ethnoarchaeological studies. Patterns of technological variability as evidenced in vessel morphology, construction, and decorative techniques are analyzed for evidence of the use of material culture as an expression of social boundaries. While insights into Iroquoian ceramic variability and its causes are gained, problems in identifying appropriate interpretations remain and are discussed.}, author = {Kathleen M. Sydoriak Allen} } @Conference Paper {9969, title = {Akikpautik in the Reconciliation of Worldviews about Archaeological Research}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {This presentation provides a case study about Akikpautik, an ancient Indigenous sacred site, fishing and sugaring location on the Ottawa River at Chaudi{\'e}re Falls. Nineteenth century development has left substantial industrial period archaeological remains on the cultural landscape here, proof of abrupt alteration of the former use of the land and water. The author, as historian and practitioner of Indigenous Archaeology (IA), is working extensively with revered spiritual leader, Dr. Elder William Commanda of Kitigan Zibi, a dynamic descendant of a long line of distinguished ancestors. In search of details about the history and context of Akikpautik, IA is useful. It recognizes both the strengths and limitations of conventional archaeological research, but is open to gleaning site documentary evidence from such sources as wampum, oral tradition, nuances of linguistics and the relationship between the land under study and traditional sacred ceremonies and gatherings. One result of using IA in researching Akikpautik may be growth toward a reconciliation of differing worldviews about the scope of Stage 1 archaeological research, the pre-excavation stage which treats detailed documentary research of the land.}, author = {Allen, William} } @Conference Paper {9978, title = {What Was Lost? A Response From the Northeastern Sector of the Micmac Culture Area}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper will briefly examine archaeological. data that has been gathered from northeastern New Brunswick during the last 20 years. A lot of this data gathering has been done in cooperation with and with assistance from the Red Bank Indian Band, Northumberland County, N.B. A prehistoric Micmac way of life will be suggested for the Miramichi, Nipisiguit and Restigouche River districts (an area encompassing about 1/4 to 1/5 of the total geographic area occupied by the Micmac at the time of contact). There is a clear concentration on anadromous fishing. A semi-permanent village lifestyle is suggested. This interpretation differs significantly from a generalized Woodland economy that was recorded for the Micmac during the historic fur trade.}, author = {Allen, Pat} } @Conference Paper {9973, title = {Canadians in Carthage: Explorations at Bir Ftouha}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In 1992, as part of the ongoing international UNESCO campaign to save Carthage, a team from the University of Alberta led by Dr. J.J. Rossiter undertook a small excavation at the suburban site of Bir Ftouha. Two separate areas of Bir Ftouha had been previously explored by Delattre and P. Gaukler. Delattre published a plan of a triple-apsed room containing a number of sarcophagi. A so-called baptismal font and bath building were also found, although their precise location was never published. Gaukler{\textquoteright}s findings of an early Christian basilica were even more sketchily recorded, as no plan or adequate description of the building or its whereabouts was ever published. Despite their close proximity, there seems to have been little interest in determining the nature of the relationship between the two sites. The 1992 project aimed to further investigate this area. A magnetometer survey carried out by a University of Alberta team in 1991 had shown two areas of disturbance: one located near the bath-house complex and another approximately 60 m to the east. Several trenches placed near the bath-house complex revealed part of a building wall and a series of floor surfaces. The latest phase of these features has been tentatively dated to the late 6th or early 7th centuries A.D. Due to limited resources and time, a more thorough exploration of this building was not possible in 1992. Of particular interest in the 1992 excavations were an extensive series of midden pits. The pits contained a dense mixture of pottery and organic remains. The pottery, consisting of local coarse wares, cooking wares, and Islamic glazed wares, bas been provisionally dated to the 9th-11th centuries A.D., or the Early Islamic period. The faunal remains, studied by Michael MacKinnon, suggest that sheep, goat, and cattle formed a significant part of the diet of the inhabitants of the site in its later periods. The ceramic and faunal material is especially important as there has been very little information available about the early Islamic period in Carthage. Further study may suggest that there is greater continuity between the Late Roman and the Early Islamic periods than previously believed.}, author = {ALLEN, Tana} } @Conference Paper {9968, title = {SOME PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN EARLY NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORIC SITES AND OTHER INTERESTING STUFF}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {This talk will present a collage of interesting unpublished sites that are on record with the New Brunswick Archaeological Services Branch. All of the sites or artifacts were reported by private land owners or members of the general public. The sites have been visited and recorded as a routine part of our Branch mandate. While most individually reported sites/artifacts can be attributed to a specific historical period or cultural group, some present more questions than they answer.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Conference Paper {9977, title = {The Malden Gorget, A Cannel Coal Canadian Treasure}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Cannel coal is one of the rarest materials in the Canadian pre-contact archaeological record. Delicately incised symbols on the few known artifacts reveal themes that may shed light on ancient spirituality. Conservation of this vulnerable surface detail is necessary to ensure availability of the nuances of symbol design for long term study. At the 2004 CAA conference in Winnipeg Aboriginal leaders and archaeologists from coast to coast examined the Malden Gorget, a cannel coal constricted centre gorget from southern Essex County, Ontario. The presentation in 2005 provides a report on findings about the significance of the artifact based on recommendations from the Winnipeg consultations. The result is a unique case history of the crucial importance of conservation of inscriptions left by ancient ancestors on a cannel coal artifact.}, author = {Allen, Bill} } @Conference Paper {9972, title = {The Oxbow Site Revisited}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the 1978 and 1979 field seasons, a large area of the deeply stratified Oxbow site from the Miramichi River district of New Brunswick was excavated in 10 cm arbitrary levels. A chronological framework for the Ceramic Period in northeastem New Brunswick was formulated by separating the data recorded into Early, Middle and Late Ceran{\`u}c Period indicators. Some early dates and some surprising artifact associations lead some to quesfion the excavation method. In 1984 additional excavations at the site were conducted by natural/cultural levels. The 1984 data from the earliest, middle and most recent cultural levels were found to compare most favourably with the previously published chronological framework. The reinforced framework will be presented with commentary.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Conference Paper {9967, title = {No Longer a Terra Incognita}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In the past year several new sites in the central Georgian Bay region of the southern Canadian Shield have been registered in the Ontario database. This region, particularly the interior of the region, previously had numerous Borden blocks with absolutely no registrations. This paper will provide a brief overview of some of the sites and show how, from these modest beginnings, a framework is emerging about possible new issues to be included in the study of the context in which the region{\textquoteright}s Archaic peoples and post contact Anishnabeg fishers lived. The presentation will include data about possible correlations of some Archaic sites with ancient lake levels and observations about the importance of the wind and long sight lines, rock features of some sacred sites and reasons for the choice of certain interior travel routes. Slides of LandSat imagery, artifacts and sites will be presented.}, author = {Allen, Bill} } @Conference Paper {9976, title = {Les belles plages de la phase Algoma}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Allen, Bill} } @Conference Paper {9971, title = {In Search of Commodore Walker}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In 1763, shortly following the last events of the Acadian Expulsion in Nova Scotia, former British privateer Commodore George Walker settled on the tip of Alston Point, Nepisiguit Harbour, in Baie des Chaleurs near modern Bathurst, New Brunswick. From all accounts, Walker carried on a thriving fishing, trading and shipbuilding station at Alston Point until the place was destroyed in 1777. Currently, beach erosion, recreational and other human activities have buried, altered or destroyed much of the Points heritage potential. In 2003, the Province of New Brunswick, the City of Bathurst, and the University of Maine, sponsored a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey and archaeological testing project to verify the Walker connection. In one area, GPR identified an unusually compact buried soil horizon that proved to be cultural. Testing in 2005 identified two cultural levels one of which had mid 18th century ceramics associated with bone food refuse. Combined, the geophysical and archaeological test results appear to have located an undisturbed portion of George Walker{\textquoteright}s 18th century establishment.}, author = {Patricia Allen and Alice R. Kelley and Frances L. Stewart and Dominique B{\'e}rub{\'e}} } @Conference Paper {9970, title = {Commodore George Walker at Nepisiguit: Protecting and Preserving An Extraordinary Fragment of 18th C Maritime History}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For nearly two decades Commodore George Walker was one of the most publicly acclaimed British privateer sea Captains of the mid-18th century. His exploits during war and peace ranged from the Mediterranean to the North Sea to the coasts of North America. In 1763, his ship laden with salt and fishing implements, Walker was determined to start a new life in the trade and fishing industries of Nova Scotia. By 1768 he was successful in establishing a fishing station, shipbuilding site and trading post at Alston Point, Nepisiguit (now Bathurst , New Brunswick). Walker{\textquoteright}s trade encompassed the entire Bay of Chaleur and his company shipped a variety of salt fish to the Mediterranean, London and West Indies markets. Through his personality and honest business dealings Walker won the respect of the Acadians, the Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the few other British who inhabited the Bay. By 1777 war with the revolting colonies saw American Privateers plundering all coastal establishments in British territory. In July of 1778 American raiders destroy the homes and stores of George Walker. The Alston Point property, including the suggested area of the 18th C Walker trading establishment, has recently been declared a Protected Historic site by the Province of New Brunswick.}, author = {Patricia Allen} } @Conference Paper {9979, title = {Beyond Linnaean Taxonomy and Towards Alternative Animal Classification in Zooarchaeology}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Linnaean systematics is based on evolutionary histories, degrees of difference in reproductive biology and biomechanics among animals. The question of whether people in the past also divided their animal worlds along the same lines has not been critically evaluated in zooarchaeological research. Ingold asserts in The Perception of the Environment that meaningful taxonomy can only be attained once we understand how people negotiate their relationships with one another and with their environments. Though Ingold was referring to contemporary societies, this sentiment has not been adopted in zooarchaeological studies of human-animal interactions. Furthermore, the contextual-interpretive theoretical framework has been widely adopted among archaeologists working with traditional forms of material culture, but zooarchaeology continues to be practiced within the essentialist-positivist paradigm that upholds Linnaean taxonomy as immutable. In order to achieve meaningful interpretation of faunal assemblages, I propose that analysis should be founded on a contextually situated folk taxonomy that may or may not relate to our scientific notions of animal classification.}, author = {Adam Allentuck} } @Conference Paper {9981, title = {A Home away from Home : the Use of Ranchos by the Chachi Indians and its Implications for Archaeological Research}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In 1992, as part of an ethnoarchaeological investigation with the Chachi Indians of tropical Northwestern Ecuador, information was collected on the use of small, isolated, but semi-permanent dwellings called ranchos. Located deep in the forest, they are at least an hour walk from the main family houses which congregate along the shores of navigable rivers. Prehistoric occupations have been identified in these distant areas. The semi-permanent nature of these field houses and their seasonal use, calls into question the usual archaeological methods used to determine settlement patterns and population estimates.}, author = {Allum, Claire} } @Conference Paper {9980, title = {Des champs de p{\'e}trole du Canada {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie : la tomographie sismique, outil de recherche arch{\'e}ologique de demai}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Allum, Claire} } @Conference Paper {9982, title = {Magnetization Dating of Kirkstead Abbey, Lincolnshire, England: Evidence for Reuse of Roman and Saxon Masonry}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {When rocks containing ferromagnetic minerals are exposed to weak magnetic fields they may gradually acquire a viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) over time. VRM present in limestone and basalt has successfully been used to date medieval buildings relatively, which has led to the development of VRM dating. In conjunction with historical records, pertaining to these medieval buildings, several chronometric curves have been developed in Britain for different limestones. The depositional origin of a limestone will affect its magnetic mineralogy, and thus individual chronometric curves must be established. One such chronometric curve has been developed from VRM dating of the local Jurassic limestone for Bardney and Barlings Abbeys of Lincolnshire, England. Kirkstead Abbey of Lincolnshire, England, is constructed from limestone of the same origin as the two abbeys above, although no previous dating of this building has been attempted. In this discussion, VRM dating results are presented for Kirkstead Abbey. Historical records and the established chronometric VRM dating curve for Bardney and Barlings Abbeys indicate that Kirkstead Abbey was established around AD 1000 - 1200 and likely incorporated reused Roman and Saxon masonry. The chronometric VRM dating curve for Bardney and Barlings Abbeys is evaluated, based on the results obtained from Kirkstead Abbey. It is suggested that further study, with collection of empirical data, is needed for continued development of VRM dating aimed at understanding the underlying causes for VRM development in archaeologically important rocks.}, author = {Almqvist, Bjarne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9361, title = {Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communities on the Plateau of Northwestern North America}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {289-292}, editor = {Ken Ames} } @Conference Paper {9983, title = {Towards a general model of social differentiation among foragers}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {I have recently proposed a model for the development of rank on the northwest coast of North America that rests on the postulate that social hierarchies arise as a result of increasing constraints on systemic responses to environmental changes. Applying that model to data from both the west and east coasts produces results which support a conclusion that social differentiation must be regarded not only as a result of change, but as a process as well, equal in importance to population growth, sedentarization and subsistence intensification.}, author = {Ames, K.} } @article {9474, title = {8,000 Years of Technological Change in the Gulf of Georgia: Is There a Major Transition at 4850 cal B.P.?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {32-63}, abstract = {

Over the past 8,000 years on the southwest coast of British Columbia there is a transition from assemblages dominated by chipped stone to assemblages that include more ground and polished stone, bone, and antler. In this study, we combine the plentiful data being produced by archaeological consultants and archived in provincial reports with that of more traditional academic sources to assess the nature of the documented transition and specifically determine if there is a major transition ca. 4850 cal B.P. as suggested by Moss et al. (2007). Our results show that not only is there a major transition between 5000 and 4500 cal B.P. but the long-standing conception of a gradual replacement of assemblages dominated by chipped stone to ones dominated by ground stone and faunal tools is inaccurate.

}, author = {Christopher J. H. Ames and Andr{\'e} Costopoulos and Colin D. Wren} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9454, title = {A History of Archaeological Thought (Second Edition) (Bruce~G.~Trigger) and The Archaeology of Bruce~Trigger}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {128-134}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @article {9475, title = {Why We Need an Alternative Approach to the Study of Modern Human Behaviour}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {021-047}, abstract = {

In this paper we review recent developments in the debate over the emergence of modern human behaviour (MHB) to show that despite considerable diversity among competing models, the identification of given material traits still underpins almost all current perspectives. This approach, however, allows assumptions over the biological relationship between archaic and modern humans to permeate the definitions of MHB and, as a result, has effectively stultified archaeology\’s potential contribution to the issue. We suggest that the concept of MHB as currently defined is flawed. It must either be redefined in strictly behavioural terms before reincorporation into the debate over modern human origins or, more productively, discarded all together to avoid the harsh and unrealistic dichotomy it creates between a modern and non-modern archaeological record.

}, author = {Christopher J. H. Ames and Julien Riel-Salvatore and Benjamin R. Collins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9124, title = {Haida Gwaii: Human History and Environment from the Time of Loon to the Time of the Iron People}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {302-306}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9052, title = {Structured Worlds: The Archaeology of Hunter-Gatherer Thought and Action}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {337-339}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @article {9473, title = {Rope Bridges and Cables: A Synthesis of Prince Rupert Harbour Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {140-178}, abstract = {

Prince Rupert Harbour is a flagship region in Northwest Coast prehistory with resonance across the archaeological world as an epitome of the development of hunter-gatherer-fisher social and political complexity. It is so because of the harbour\’s extraordinary archaeological record, its long history of archaeological research, and most importantly, the Coast Tsimshian people and their deep and abiding commitment to their history and their oral record of it, the adawx. There is however a chasm between history as narrated archaeologically and as narrated by Coast Tsimshian scholars. A crucial on-going effort of archaeological research in the harbour has been to build bridges of inference to span that chasm. We review the history of archaeology in Prince Rupert Harbour to argue that a synthesis of this divergence is possible. However it requires resolving three recurring challenges to spanning this divide: 1) sampling issues, 2) the diversity of theoretical approaches in archaeology and 3) the complexity of the historical subject, the scope of which is visible to us via the adawx. These challenges face archaeologists working anywhere but may be most pressing where archaeologists and Native scholars are actively working to span the divide.

}, author = {Kenneth M. Ames and Andrew Martindale} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9340, title = {Chiefdoms and Other Archaeological Delusions}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {115-118}, editor = {Kenneth M. Ames} } @Conference Paper {9985, title = {Camps and Sites in Settlement Pattern Reconstruction: The Nunamiut Case}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {As archaeologists have devoted increasing attention to settlement patterns of hunting peoples, one class of variables which seem to have been neglected concerns patterns of re-occupation of individual sites. This paper presents the results of an initial attempt to analyze site re-occupation patterns of one group{\textendash}the Nunamiut Eskimos of northem Alaska. A total of 257 habitation camps (occupations) at 130 different sites are examined in relation to several environmental and temporal categories. These occupations span the period between 1898 and 1959 and were recorded through ethnographic techniques. Two questions are asked: What were the major factors influencing site re-occupation? In what ways, if any, would the archaeologist be misled in reconstructing this settlement system on the basis of site counts alone? The answers to these questions are considered in terms of their implications for settlement pattern analysis.}, author = {Amsden, C.W.} } @article {13479, title = {Blazing the Trail: Geographic Information Systems Analysis of the Old North Trail}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {145-178}, abstract = {

The Old North Trail was the main north-to-south link running along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains, within the homeland of the Blackfoot people. While travelling along this trail, human groups stopped at resource patches and important landmarks, leaving evidence of their passing in the form of archaeological sites. This paper examines the historical and archaeological evidence for the Old North Trail and discusses use of leastcost path analysis within a geographic information system framework to model the route of the trail. Where differences exist between the location of least-cost paths and the course of the Old North Trail, the {\textquotedblleft}pull{\textquotedblright} factors that may have drawn human groups away from the most efficient route across the landscape will be explored. This analysis suggests there was a sacred dimension to this landscape, with features of ecological and ideological importance affecting human movement through the region.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.145}, author = {Lindsay Amundsen-Meyer} } @article {9476, title = {Nature versus Culture: A Comparison of Blackfoot and Kayap{\'o} Resource Management}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {219-247}, abstract = {

Smith (2011a) proposed a model of environmental engineering which includes six discrete categories of resource management believed to be universal within small-scale, pre-industrial societies. Through examination of the resource management practices of the Kayap{\'o} in the Amazon Basin and the Blackfoot on the Northwestern Plains, this paper will test the validity of Smith\’s model. The evidence presented will show that, with slight variations due to differences in mobility, Smith\’s model is largely appropriate. Additionally, although the management and use of \“wild\” or semi-domesticated resources is often seen as a step on the road to agriculture, resource management and the domestication of landscape can, in fact, be a specifically chosen subsistence strategy in and of itself. This type of resource management can also continue after agriculture has been adopted by a group, particularly if wild species continue to be an important part of a group\’s subsistence regime.

}, author = {Lindsay M. Amundsen-Meyer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9231, title = {Thinking About Cultural Resource Management: Essays from the Edge}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {151-153}, editor = {L.J. (Butch) Amundson} } @Conference Paper {9987, title = {The Napaw Sipik Site (FiMq-2): A River House Complex Occupation in Eastern Saskatchewan}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Napaw Sipik Site, (FiMq-2) is a campsite near the Man River in eastern Saskatchewan, where Highway 55 between Nipawin and The Pas now crosses the river. The artifacts, features and apparent brief and singular nature of the occupation suggest a seasonal base camp placed to exploit a specific set of resources including but likely not restricted to the lithic raw materials in the cobbles of the Man River channel. If Areas 2 and 3 were occupied simultaneously, we can infer a multiple family habitation as indicated by the variety of activities reflected in the assemblage and the possible presence of a lodge. Area 2 was occupied between A.D. 830 and 910 (Beta-168249). Napaw Sipik is, therefore, a contemporary of the earliest components of Meyer{\textquoteright}s (2002) River House Complex (A.D. 900 to 1300). Like other sites of the River House Complex, Napaw Sipik contains net-impressed and Laurel type (Rollans et. al. 1993) pottery, triangular flake and Late Side-notched points and lacks Avonlea points. The results of this study and future research opportunities with this collection or excavations outside the impact zone, may provide evidence to rise to Meyer{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}significant interpretive challenges{\textquoteright} regarding the inclusion of Avonlea style pottery in some River House assemblages (Meyer 2002). Of particular is that the Napaw Sipik site in the centre of Meyer{\textquoteright}s River House culture area and ideally located to provide evidence to questions of the movement of forest and prairie peoples around the turn of the last millennium.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie (Butch)} } @Conference Paper {9986, title = {Occupation planoenne tardive au site de St. Louis, FfNk-7, dans le centre de la Saskatchewan}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {L.J. (Butch) Amundson and David Meyer} } @Conference Paper {9990, title = {A Snapshot in Time: The As-Found Recording of the Leonard Homestead in Southwestern Saskatchewan}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In November 2004, Stantec archaeologists conducted an as-found recording of the Leonard homestead (EaNu-21) near Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Initial observations indicated the homestead had perhaps been abandoned in the early 1940s, its owners departed, leaving personal items behind. Our detailed return visit, including extensive mapping and photography along with a thorough examination of the artefacts, revealed another story. The later life of an elderly bachelor and his association with the former owners is told through the material culture dating from the 1930s through to the early 1960s.Through the use of technologies such as electronic 3-point provenience mapping and geographical information systems (GIS), we were able to reconstruct the physical dimensions of the house. Dendrochronological analyses provided us with building repair and addition construction information. A digital photographic artefact catalogue was created to represent artifacts not collected (n=242).The reconstruction of the physical structures and the study of the artefactual remains enables us to more fully understand family and farming life on the Saskatchewan prairies.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie J. (Butch) and Belinda Riehl-Fitzsimmons} } @Conference Paper {9989, title = {Submerged Cabin (GiMo-1) Investigation at Neil Island, Churchill River, Saskatchewan}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In September 2004, a team of archaeologists and divers visited Neil Island on the Churchill River in eastern Saskatchewan, on behalf of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation. Cree Elders at Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan had long told stories of the inundation of several cabins, after construction of the Island Falls Dam in 1930. In the spring of 2004, Dale Russell gathered these oral histories and, using archival documents, maps and photographs, was able to suggest where we might find submerged evidence of these cabins as well as the remains of cabins not submerged by the flood. Using Dale{\textquoteright}s evidence we chose the dive location just off the west shore of Neil Island and testing locations on the island for the land-based study. We recovered two axe-notched logs, four rough-hewn planks and a copper and tin kettle from the lake, exactly where the oral tradition indicated we would. The testing on the island also revealed evidence of the reported cabin. Fresh from retrieving this evidence, we attended a feast with eight Elders of Sandy Bay, who filled us in on the details of who lived on the island and what life was like at the time. Tree-ring analyses suggest that one of the notched logs was cut down in 1918, further adding to the veracity of the oral tradition.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie J. (Butch) and Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin} } @Conference Paper {9988, title = {Defining a Cultural Landscape of Stone Features in the Neutral Hills of Saskatchewan / D{\'e}termination d{\textquoteright}un paysage culturel d{\textquoteright}objets d}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {During an oilfield survey in 1996 we encountered 33 stone features sites in a 436 ha area (one site per 13 ha). The sites are composed of solitary stone cairns, multiple stone cairns, solitary stone circles, multiple stone circles and combinations of stone cairns and stone circles. Some of the stone cairns are eccentric in form. Others are arranged in rows and broad arcs. Stone cairns occupy the highest hills while stone circles are more common on saddles between hills. Some sites may be related to bison rubbing stones. This area poses questions about the definition of a cultural landscape and the challenges of resource management in the context of oilfield development.}, author = {Amundson, Leslie J.} } @Conference Paper {9991, title = {Archaeological Potential Modelling in North Eastern British Columbia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Archaeological Potential Modelling through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is increasingly gaining popularity in the archaeological and business communities as an efficient cost-effective way to manage and protect the cultural heritage. However, since for the most part the variables used are environmental (e.g. aspect, slope, elevation, distance to water) the greatest challenge that the modeller faces is related to the quality of data entered to produce the digital surfaces on which the spatial analysis will be based.}, author = {Anaya-Hernandez, Armando} } @Conference Paper {9992, title = {The Third Dimension in Archaeological Spatial Analysis: Vertical Definition of Occupation Layers at the Stampede Site, DjOn-26}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations typically involve the meticulous recording of artefacts in three dimensions for the generation of both horizontal and vertical profiles. In situations where site stratigraphy is complex, the distinction between individual occupation levels can be difficult. Periodic flooding at the Stampede site in Cypress Hills, Alberta, has resulted in vertical separation between occupation levels, offering a rare opportunity to evaluate the distribution of archaeological materials in three dimensions. While occupation levels are clearly distinguishable throughout the site, vertical separation remains difficult in some areas. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to a three-dimensional intra-site spatial analysis of artefact and bone distributions from three occupation layers at the site. The K-means statistical clustering method is used to identify and interpret the vertical distribution of archaeological materials from three closely spaced occupation layers in paleosols 6, 7 and 8. The results of this analysis demonstrate the utility of the combined application of K-means cluster analysis and GIS as a means of testing the integrity of archaeological levels when the slope is minimal. However, post-depositional disturbances such as wall slumping have had considerable impact on the natural distribution of artefacts, posing an interesting problem for spatial investigations. Continued research and future spatial analysis will require careful consideration of the problems identified in this research.}, author = {Anderson, Kirsten and Gerald Oetelaar} } @article {9477, title = {Pre-Dorset Technological Organization and Land Use in Southwestern Hudson Bay}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {224-249}, abstract = {

This paper uses lithic analysis to investigate late Pre-Dorset stone-tool reduction strategies and land-use patterns in the islands of southwestern Hudson Bay in order to improve our understanding of Pre-Dorset lifeways in this \"peripheral\" region. We examine debitage and formal stone tools from the Burton Rock site (IeKn-12) to explore how the \"atypical\" large stone woodworking tools at the site were integrated within the more \"typical\" Pre-Dorset small tool technology. Our analysis suggests that, contrary to our expectation, both chert and pyroclastic rock were in short supply, and the use of pyroclastic rock for the large tools likely relates to nodule size rather than overall availability of the raw materials. Formal tools from Burton Rock are also compared to those from the nearby and roughly contemporaneous Seahorse Gully site in order to determine whether activities at Burton Rock were typical of late Pre-Dorset sites in the area. Tools for processing hard organics and for hunting predominate at both sites, indicating a similar range of activities and suggesting a high degree of consistency in the use of these islands in late Pre-Dorset times.

}, author = {Jacob M. Anderson and Lisa M. Hodgetts} } @Conference Paper {9996, title = {Hers and His: Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Artifact Assemblages in a Structured Domestic Context}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In an earlier study, one of us developed and tested a model on the structure and symbolism associated with the organization and use of space inside tipis. Although the spatial arrangement and distribution of portable artifacts was used to infer a segregation of space based on gender, the nature and distribution of the assemblages were not explored to any great extent. The objective of the present study is to compare and contrast the nature and spatial distribution of tools and debris through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These data will be used to evaluate the spaces previously identified as the women{\textquoteright}s and men{\textquoteright}s halves of the lodge. The results of the analysis provide interesting insights on the distribution of lithic implements used and maintained by men and women occupying the lodge. The assemblage of debitage and bone fragments also provides new information on the nature of activities performed in this structured domestic context.}, author = {Anderson, Kirsten L. and Gerald A. Oetelaar} } @Symposium Papers {10970, title = {Athapaskans in the Kobuk Arctic Woodlands, Alaska?}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {003-012}, author = {Douglas~D.~Anderson} } @Conference Paper {9995, title = {The Study of Skeletal Populations}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The evidence provided by the skeletons may contribute greatly to our understanding of the people who inhabited an archaeological site. Two particular aspects of study will be discussed and illustrated: 1. The incidence of inherited skeletal variations may be used to establish the biological relationship of populations and to determine microevolutionary trends. 2. The pattern of bone and tooth disease bears a close relationship to diet and other ecological factors.}, author = {Anderson, J.E.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13481, title = {Understanding Chipped Stone Tools~}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {194-195}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.194}, editor = {Arthur W. Anderson} } @Conference Paper {9994, title = {Pour une d{\'e}finition plus pr{\'e}cise des niveaux culturels {\`a} Karabi Tamchin : approche quantitative de l{\textquoteright}analyse spatiale verti}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Anderson, Kirsten and Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {9993, title = {Lake Agassiz Archaeology in Saskatchewan}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {During 1965, 1966 and 1967, the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, has been conducting an environmentally-oriented archaeological research program involving survey-reconnaissance and test-excavation of prehistoric cultural deposits in areas of Saskatchewan that were contiguous to glacial Lake Agassiz. These studies have been generously supported by the National Museum of Canada and the National Research Council, and carried out under the supervision of Dr. Zenon S. Pohorecky, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. Developing from Laurentide meltwater ponding with the late Wisconsin retreat stage about 12,000 years ago, glacial Lake Agassiz reached its maximum extent about 2000 years later, inundating a considerable area of Manitoba, and lesser areas of Saskatchewan, Ontario, Minnesota, North and South Dakota. During this maximum period (10,000 years ago), a channel of the lake literally cut Saskatchewan in half, extending from the Porcupine Hills in the east to the Clearwater River in the west. By 8000 years ago, Agassiz flood waters had receded from most of Saskatchewan, leaving remnants of its past in the form of beaches, shore scarps and other lacustrine deposits, The geographical area of our interest involves approximately one-third of the land area of Saskatchewan, and includes not only the actual lacustrine deposits, but drainage basins relatable to Lake Agassiz. To the end of the 1967 field season the focus of our archaeological activities has been toward east-central Saskatchewan. In the south, survey-reconnaissance and test-excavation has been conducted in the following regions: Kamsack, Porcupine Hills, Hudson Bay, Pasquia Hills, Porcupine Plaine-Bjorkdale, Tisdale, Melfort, Carrot River, Nipawin, Cumberland House andPrince Albert. Brief investigations of more northerly areas have resulted inthe excavation of the single-component Kitsakie Site on Dominion Island inLac La Ronge and the recording of several other ceramic sites on DeschambaultLake. These regions have yielded some 600 archaeological sites, includingflint quarries and primary lithic industrial centers (located on the outer shorelines of Lake Agassiz), secondary workshop sites (usually located outside the Agassiz lake basin), temporary and semi-permanent campsites of a seasonal nature, and what we have termed {\textquoteright}Prehistoric Highways{\textquoteright} or local migration routes. A relatively rich historic Indian burial was salvaged from a site located along the Red Deer River east of the town of Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan. The palaeo-cultural materials that have been derived from 3 seasons of investigation of the lake shorelines and areas peripheral to the outer lake margins are complex and involve a considerable temporal span. No less than 25 cultural complexes appear to be represented, tentatively spanning the period from approximately 12,000-11,000 years ago to the present. From its initiation, this research program has been environmentally oriented. It is our view that a sound interpretation of the palaeo-cultural record is dependent in large part on the eventual reconstruction of the correlative palaeo-environments. Through such a correlation, it may be possible at least partially to determine the {\textquoteright}cultural choices{\textquoteright} that were available to these early aboriginals, and to understand more fully the cultural dynamics of the human groups who inhabited this area.}, author = {Anderson, Dennis E.} } @Conference Paper {9997, title = {Independence II and Early Dorset in North- and Northeast Greenland}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper will present some data on the occurrence of Late Pre-Dorset/Early Dorset in North and Northeast Greenland as elucidated by fieldwork during recent years. It has been one of several questions whether the data reveal one or several migrations and/or cultural meetings between a Late Pre-Dorset group and an Early Dorset group. The material does not yet answer such questions, although there may be some indications that two or more groups are responsible for the roughly contemporaneous material found in this High Arctic area. The paper will present spatial data on this period (the Independence II period) and discuss some of the traits which indicate the presence of different traditions.}, author = {Andreasen, Claus} } @Conference Paper {10000, title = {King Edward Spit-West: small sites and the late prehistoric occupation of the Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon Territory}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Previous investigation into late prehistoric Athapaskan occupation of the Old Crow Flats region, northern Yukon Territory, has centered on large riverside sites. These localities provided the occupants a subsistence centered on caribou interception at river crossings and fishing, and represent warm season inhabitation. Recent excavations at King Edward Spit-West (MkVm-1), a small, late prehistoric campsite, located in an upland environment approximately 30 Km. from the nearest river is discussed. With the aid of 19th century explorers accounts and ethnographic documentation, the occupation of MkVm-1 is examined in light of the late prehistoric subsistence cycle and seasonal utilization of resources,}, author = {Andrews, T.} } @Conference Paper {9999, title = {Ida (Down the Middle): Dogrib Traditional Knowledge and Heritage Resources Inventories}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent archaeological research conducted by the Prince of Wales Northem Heritage Centre has concentrated largely on completing heritage resource inventories of various regions of the Northwest Territories for which the archaeological record is poorly understood. Collaborative research with local communities has proven to be an effective way for eliciting information pertinent to past use of these landscapes. This paper discusses initial results of a three year inventory project conducted in collaboration with the communities of Rae Lakes and Rae, which used Dogrib traditions (oral narrative, subsistence strategies and place names) relating to a canoe and dog sled trail as a basis for determining field reconnaissance strategies.}, author = {ANDREWS, Tom} } @article {13185, title = {Using retroReveal as a Complement to DStretch for Enhancing Red Ochre Pictographs}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {001-015}, abstract = {

The web-based program retro-Reveal has been used primarily for providing improved visibility of documents with faint text, including stamps, currency, music, and so forth. It has yet to be used to its full potential by archaeologists interested in rock art. The plugin DStretch, used on the ImageJ platform, has been the standard for enhancement of faint red ochre rock art images. We introduce retroReveal as a supplement to photographic investigation through comparison of images from four rock art sites in Alberta, Canada. Processing photographs with the two techniques typically yields comparable results, but often with slight differences. In a few cases, retroReveal makes certain features more apparent than is the case with DStretch; in other instances, the opposite is true. Other positive and negative aspects of the two techniques are discussed. Experiments with black pictographs indicate that retroReveal does not perform satisfactorily with these images. Overall, our results indicate that retroReveal should be added to the toolkit for illuminating painted rock art images.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.1}, author = {Thomas D. Andrews and Jack W. Brink} } @Conference Paper {9998, title = {Native Claims and the Future of Archaeological Research in the N. W. T}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The recent enactment of settlement legislation for the Gwich{\textquoteright}in, Inuvialuit and Nunavut land claim areas has altered the political reality of archaeological research in the Northwest Territories, requiring new relationships between researchers and claimant groups. This paper surveys the settlement legislation as it pertains to heritage resource management and through an examination of recent collaborative research projects constructive avenues for future research.}, author = {Thomas D. Andrews and Charles D. Arnold and Margaret M. BERTULLI} } @Conference Paper {10001, title = {Conceptions of Coast Salish Warfare}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For the lives of Northwest Coast peoples throughout their prehistory and history, warfare was a common occurrence. Images of warfare feature prominently in contemporary conceptions of Northwest Coast cultures, however, these mostly regard the northern groups, like the Haida, Tlingit, or Kwakwaka{\textquoteright}wakw. The Coast Salish often are portrayed not as warriors, but as victims, subject to the preying of northern raiders, such as the infamous Lekwiltok. In this paper, I discuss these conceptions and posit that current conceptions about the nature of Coast Salish warfare result mostly from a late historic peak in Coast Salish life, a window of fascinating detail, but one that is fogged by the substantial changes in the decades prior to historic chronicles, particularly the differing effects of disease and the access to firearms. Moreover, such views ignore substantial archaeological and ethnographic evidence regarding warfare among the Coast Salish. For this discussion, I integrate the evidence from archaeology, ethnography, and ethnohistory for a more coherent conception of Coast Salish warfare.}, author = {Bill Angelbeck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9163, title = {The Origins of War: Violence in Prehistory}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {101-104}, editor = {Bill Angelbeck} } @article {9478, title = {From Paradigms to Practices: Pursuing Horizontal and Long-Term Relationships with Indigenous Peoples for Archaeological Heritage Management}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {519-540}, abstract = {

Despite paradigmatic statements arguing for a collaborative archaeology, little agreement exists concerning how it should be practiced. In our experience, the relationships between archaeologists and the communities we serve are multi-faceted, and often develop under significant constraints concerning project goals and methodologies. Recognizing this, here we focus on the nature of relationships on the ground between archaeologists and indigenous communities. We argue that two principles should guide our practices. First, archaeologists should pursue horizontal relationships with First Nations that build and expand egalitarian contexts within the otherwise hierarchical political structures of modern nation states. Second, it is through building long-term relationships with communities, and the negotiations these require, that horizontal relations can best be established. Both can help improve archaeological practice. We outline two cases of collaboration involving Coast Salish and Interior Salish groups to illustrate our approach.

}, author = {Bill Angelbeck and Colin Grier} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12783, title = {Sex and Death on the Western Emigrant Trail: The Biology of Three American Tragedies}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {262{\textendash}264}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.262}, editor = {Leon Angelo, Camille G.} } @Conference Paper {10003, title = {Copper-alloy Artifacts Recovered from Huron Sites: A Chronological Look at Native Manufacturing Techniques}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of the manufacturing techniques used to create copper-alloy artifacts recovered from a series of attributed Huron archaeological sites in Southern Ontario. An examination of these pieces yields evidence for the chronological development of a series of metalworking techniques which built upon skills employed in the manufacture of other types of objects.}, author = {Lisa ANSELMI} } @Conference Paper {10002, title = {Beyond the Acculturation Framework: Exploring Native and European Contact in the Northeast in New Ways}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The effects of Native and European contact on Native communities during the Early Contact Period (c. 1500- 1650 A.D.) in the Northeast has long been of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists. For many years, investigations into these effects have been contained within an acculturation framework. However this framework, as it has been employed, has often limited the acknowledgment of Native choice with respect to what European items and ideas were adopted into Native cultural practices and to what manner these items and ideas were used. I suggest that different theoretical constructs, such as practice theory and agency, may be more proficiently used to support future research into the effects of Native and European contact. This paper demonstrates one way that these constructs may be used, taking as an example the manner in which Wendat artisans manufactured copper and copper-alloy artifacts from European kettles that were traded into the Northeast region during this period.}, author = {Lisa ANSELMI} } @Conference Paper {10004, title = {St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 and an Examination of Groswater and Labrador Early Dorset Relationships in Labrador}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 in the Nain region of Labrador, was initially described as a Groswater site undergoing influence from Early Dorset. This paper intends to explore the relationship between the Groswater and Early Dorset in Labrador around 2500 B.P. By reviewing a number of lines of evidence from tool types, raw materials, site locations and overlapping dates this paper looks at the type of relationship the Groswater and Early Dorset may have had, and specifically where St. John{\textquoteright}s Harbour 5 fits in that relationship.}, author = {Anton, Elaine} } @Conference Paper {10005, title = {Archaeology in the Public Service / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie dans la fonction publique}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Indians working in the public service need not be restricted to the Department of Indian Affairs. My work with Parks Canada has been involved with interpreting the cultural heritage of native people. In my career in the civil service I have become acquainted with various heritage sites across the country. This has allowed me to continue to work on Indian issues that relate to cultural resource management.}, author = {ANTONE, Paul} } @Conference Paper {10006, title = {Late and Terminal Dorset in High Arctic Greenland}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In 1996, 1997 and 1998 the Danish National Museum conducted fieldwork in the Thule District, Greenland. One of the major goals of the research was to highlight the centuries around 1000 AD, focusing on {\textquoteright}the Gateway to Greenland{\textquoteright}. Excavations on three different Late/Terminal Dorset sites in Hatherton Bay, Inglefield Land leads us to believe that contact among Dorset and Thule groups, and Dorset and the Norsemen took place in the area. Furthermore a total excavation of a so-called {\textquoteright}longhouse{\textquoteright} from the Dorset culture has led to a re-evaluation of the function of the structure.}, author = {Appelt, Martin} } @Conference Paper {10008, title = {Late Dorset in the High Arctic - Maintaining Contacts}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In recent years, archaeological fieldwork has considerably expanded our empirical basis on late Dorset, with new material from excavations and surveys in the general regions south and north of the Hudson Strait, in central High Arctic Canada, and in the Smith Sound area. Important questions have been raised among other things on the nature of interaction between both local and regional late Dorset groups, as well as between late Dorset groups and other ethnic groups (the Thule people and the Norsemen). The focus of the present paper will be on the late Dorset expansion into the High Arctic and the factors that lead to this expansion. It will be suggested that the expansion should be seen as a conscious choice among groups of individuals responding to a number of {\textquoteright}pull{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}push{\textquoteright} factors. It will furthermore be argued that the relatively dispersed local and regional groups in the High Arctic for a number of social, economic, and psychological reasons made a strong effort to maintain contact with each other and the more southerly Dorset groups. The considerations presented in the paper will be of a preliminary character and mainly raised to suggest one of the ways research may take in the coming years.}, author = {Appelt, Martin} } @Conference Paper {10007, title = {Trade and Exchange in the Nuuk-Area, West-Greenland}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {From the early historical sources on Greenland it is apparent that long-distance trade and exchange were important strategically means to on the one hand ensure a wide access to geographically restricted resources and on the other to maintain and develop social ties that among others were crucial in times of need. The Steatite Objects Analyses Project (S.O.A.P.) 2005 - 2007 focuses on the two main articles that were traded out of the Nuuk-area in early historical times, namely steatite and caribou skin. During the project we will highlight the "life-histories" of both these products and the social systems and circumstances that brought the products to life. With the knowledge gained from the combination of archaeological, historical and geochemical analyses of the historical material we will then try to move back in time to analyse the likely palaeo-Eskimo exchange systems along Greenland{\textquoteright}s West coast.}, author = {Appelt, Martin and Mikkel Myrup} } @Conference Paper {10010, title = {Correlations between Oral Traditions and Archaeology during the Middle Period on the Northern Mainland Coast of British Columbia}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Middle Period (3500 - 1500 BP) was a crucial one in the culture history of the Prince Rupert area with major developments occurring in almost all aspects of life. Although several attempts have been made to account for these changes, as yet no consensus has been reached on the causal factors involved and their relative weight. To advance the discussion, several researchers have begun to work with the rich body of oral traditions passed down by the indigenous groups of the region. When carefully analyzed, oral traditions provide a record of past events that were of enduring cultural importance. As such, they form a natural complement to the archaeological record. The challenge lies in the process of integrating the two sources of historical information within an absolute chronological framework. This paper offers an update on the process with particular attention to settlement data recently gathered within the Dundas Island Group.}, author = {David ARCHER} } @Conference Paper {10009, title = {NEW EVIDENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RANKED SOCIETY IN THE PRINCE RUPERT AREA}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {An archaeological survey of the Prince Rupert area, conducted between 1982 and 1991, led to the discovery of a number of new, pristine village sites. Analysis of the house depressions at these sites suggests that the idea of inherited rank emerged on the north coast of British Columbia around AD 100, which is 600 years later than previous estimates. This paper presents a summary of the new data and examines their implications for the development of cultural complexity on the northern Northwest Coast.}, author = {David ARCHER} } @Conference Paper {10011, title = {Early Holocene landscapes on the North Coast of BC}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The recent discovery of a raised beach deposit at Port Simpson on the north coast of B.C. provides some new information on changes in sea level during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. This paper describes the new evidence and places it within the existing sea level chronology for the Prince Rupert area. The implications for early human settlement in the area are then briefly examined.}, author = {ARCHER, D.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9315, title = {Archaeological Investigation of Cape Addington Rockshelter: Human Occupation of the Rugged Seacoast on the Outer Prince of Wales Archipelago, Alaska}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {105-108}, editor = {David J. W. Archer} } @Conference Paper {10012, title = {Agents as Cultural Motivators}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In this presentation, I shall discuss the concept of agents, in groups or as individuals, as motivators for cultural change. I shall propose an ideological scheme that is fit for understanding the cultural influence that an agent may have expressed in the archaeological record. I will infer that by understanding the agent within the context of a macro-system, yet simultaneously being subject to unique microcosmic biases, he or she may have been able to express and diffuse non-discursive information into a social system that may have influenced its cultural representations. Furthermore, I will explore the need for a methodological approach, involving a stylistic and spatial analysis of cultural materials, from which we may attempt to understand the extent of an agent{\textquoteright}s diffused biases.}, author = {Ardanaz, Jordan J.} } @Conference Paper {10013, title = {An Archaeological Reconnaissance at Hebron, Labrador}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of a brief archaeological reconnaissance of the Hebron Mission (1830-1959) site conducted in 1990. Arguably among the preeminent {\textquoteright}historical{\textquoteright} properties along Canada{\textquoteright}s Atlantic coast, the site also contains extensive remains of pre-missionary activity by Thule and Dorset occupants.}, author = {Arendt, Beatrix and Stephen Loring} } @article {9480, title = {The Return to Hopedale: Excavations at Anniowaktook Island, Hopedale, Labrador}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {302-330}, abstract = {

The Hopedale region in Labrador, Canada has a rich history of human activity. Some of the earliest archaeological research on Inuit of this region was conducted by American archaeologist Junius Bird in 1935; however, few researchers have returned to the region to expand on his work. This paper provides a summary of recent excavations conducted at an eighteenth century Inuit sod house settlement Bird identified on Anniowaktook Island (GgCi-02) just east of Hopedale. The region was considered a central trading area among Inuit. Excavations were expected to identify items indicative of this trade with the increasing prevalence of European traders along the coast. Instead, artifact assemblages at Anniowaktook reveal a smaller than expected collection of trade items, and a surprisingly high density of metal materials. The types and quantity of materials amassed suggest Anniowaktook Inuit were making different consumption choices to acquire materials for tool manufacture which were not traditionally part of the trade system.

}, author = {Arendt, Beatrix} } @Conference Paper {10014, title = {(TITLE UNAVAILABLE)}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {No abstract submitted}, author = {ARMITAGE, Peter and Daniel ASHINI} } @Conference Paper {10015, title = {Artifact Conservation in the Beaufort Sea}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Artifact conservation has been an essential component of the archaeological work undertaken by the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Center in the Beaufort Sea Region. Since 1983, conservators and archaeologists have worked together in the field and in the laboratory to develop procedures which minimize physical alteration of artifacts following their excavation from frozen sites. Our experience demonstrates the need for archaeologists to learn about artifact conservation as part of their academic training, and for conservators to gain first-hand experience with archaeological sites.}, author = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10019, title = {Cultural Pattern Observations from EbPi-108 and EgPn-564, Two Alberta Plains Late Period Tipi Ring Sites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Two recent studies at tipi ring sites in southwestern Alberta include comparison of the excavation of five ring features from EbPi-108 and a single ring feature site at EgPn-564. Spatial plots of materials at EbPi-108 have reviewed gender and ideological aspects through consideration of models proposed by Gerald Oetelaar in recent years. However, these and other cultural patterns are reconsidered by observation of variable occupation patterns apparent between the multi-ring and multi-component EbPi-108 site relative to a single ring and single component site at EgPn-564. Aspects of seasonality, landscape, and geomorphic processes are brought to bear on the interpretative models oriented about social and ideological schemes. The objective is to build and re-orient extant tipi ring interpretive model concepts towards a more flexible and broader interpretive framework that can be applied to more complex multi-ring and multi-occupation sites.}, author = {Arnold, Elizabeth R. and Ramsay, Charles and Allyson Ramsay} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9272, title = {The Paleoeskimo Occupations at Port Refuge, High Arctic Canada}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {181-182}, editor = {Charles D. Arnold} } @article {9483, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {119-120}, author = {Charles D. Arnold} } @inbook {11006, title = {Archaeological Investigations on Richards Island}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {85-93}, abstract = {This paper presents an overview of archaeological excavations that have been carried out by the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre at three localities on Richards Island, in the outer delta of the Mackenzie River. Further research that is planned to analyze the Richards Island archaeological data is discussed.}, author = {Charles D. Arnold}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9110, title = {The Eskimos and Aleuts}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {245-246}, editor = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10018, title = {An Early Thule Archaeological Site on Banks Island, N.W.T.}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In an article published in 1963, William Taylor presented a series of linked hypotheses on the origin of the Canadian Thule culture. The central idea expressed in these hypotheses was that Thule did not appear full-blown in the Canadian Arctic, but instead developed out of an earlier Birnirk phase that had extended along the Beaufort Sea coast as far as Amundsen Gulf by A.D. 900. Excavations on southem Banks Island carried out in 1980 and 1981 provided evidence which supports this idea. This paper examines the archaeological evidence from the Nelson River site, with particular emphasis on the technological repertory represented by the artifact assemblage.}, author = {Charles D. Arnold} } @article {9482, title = {An Analysis of Thule Pottery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {001-021}, abstract = {

This paper reviews evidence for the origin, distribution, and varieties of Thule pottery. Information obtained from the analysis of a sample of Thule pottery is interpreted in light of ethnographic descriptions of pottery manufacture in the Arctic. The results of the study provide a basis for evaluating various ideas that have been put forward concerning the distribution of this cultural trait.

}, author = {Charles D. Arnold and Carole Stimmel} } @inbook {11005, title = {Archaeological Field Training in the NOGAP Area}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {7-13}, abstract = {Northern Native people have a long-standing interest in their archaeological heritage, but seldom have had opportunities to participate in archaeological studies. The Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre received NOGAP funding in 1985 and 1986 to help resolve that problem by preparing and providing archaeological field training programs in the hydrocarbon development area. We have found that the key to effective training for people who lack an academic background is to make archaeology relevant. This paper summarizes our approach to archaeological field training, and identifies other ways that Native people can participate in archaeological studies. Benefits which archaeological projects can derive from participation by Native peoples are also discussed.}, author = {Charles D. Arnold and Christopher C. Hanks}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10017, title = {Structure and symbolism in activity areas of Northern Great Plains tipi rings: a method application at EbPi-108, a Late Plains occupation near Nanton,}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The spatial organization of activity areas, structure and symbolism in the organization and use of space of tipi rings at a multi ring site and multi component site, EbPi-108 in southern Alberta is examined and offers a test of the model as developed by Oetelaar (2000). The organization of fixed features including walls, entrances, hearths and altars provides a spatial and cultural context for the material culture recovered from tipi rings. Mechanical and symbolic aspects of the spatial organization can then be considered through an examination of distribution patterns of this refuse. Spatial analysis software plots sets of material culture data to reveal activity areas and helps to interpret their possible social and symbolic relationships. While the majority of spatial patterns support the model, there continues to be some ambiguity with some material culture classes such as lithic refuse in consideration of gender divisions. Additionally, evidence of status distinctions is weak for all types of material culture.}, author = {Arnold, Elizabeth and RAMSAY, Charles L. and RAMSAY, Allyson M.} } @article {9481, title = {Artifact Conservation in Beaufort Sea Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {045-053}, abstract = {

Artifact conservation has been an essential component of the archaeological work undertaken by the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre in the Beaufort Sea Region. Since 1983, conservators and archaeologists have worked together in the field and in the laboratory to develop procedures which minimize physical alteration of artifacts following their excavation from frozen sites. Our experience demonstrates the need for archaeologists to learn about artifact conservation as part of their academic training, and for conservators to gain first-hand experience with archaeological excavations.

}, author = {Charles D. Arnold and Rosalie Scott} } @Conference Paper {10016, title = {A consideration of some aspects of Thule pottery}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {To date, there have been only casual assessments of the significance of pottery in Thule culture sites of arctic Canada. This paper reviews evidence for the origins, distributions, and varieties of Thule pottery. Information obtained from the analysis of a sample of Thule pottery is interpreted in light of ethnographic descriptions of pottery manufacture in the Arctic. The results of the study provide a basis for evaluating various ideas that have been put forward with regard to the distribution of this cultural trait.}, author = {Arnold, C.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9002, title = {Thule Culture in Western Coronation Gulf, N.W.T.}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {108-110}, editor = {Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10024, title = {Images et contextes, quelques r{\'e}flexions {\`a} propos du site Nisula (DeEh-1)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Le site Nisula (DeEh-1), le premier site de peintures rupestres {\`a} avoir {\'e}t{\'e} d{\'e}couvert {\`a} l{\textquoteright}est du Qu{\'e}bec, a fait l{\textquoteright}objet d{\textquoteright}analyses pr{\'e}liminaires en septembre 1992. Quelques dizaines de pictogrammes y ont {\'e}t{\'e} relev{\'e}s, dont une quinzaine {\`a} caract{\'e}re figuratif (motifs anthropomorphes et zoomorphes). Malgr{\'e} le fait qu{\textquoteright}il est actuellement impossible d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablir l{\textquoteright}anciennet{\'e} de ce site, une {\'e}tude comparative de quelques-uns de ces motifs figuratifs permet de reconna{\^\i}tre des caract{\'e}ristiques formelles similaires {\`a} celles de certains sites pr{\'e}historiques du Bouclier canadien. Peut-on alors consid{\'e}rer qu{\textquoteright}un ou plusieurs groupes culturels autochtones aient pu utiliser des symboles visuels sp{\'e}cifiques pour diffuser certains concepts id{\'e}ologiques fondamentaux {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur d{\textquoteright}un vaste territoire? Et {\`a} qui {\'e}tait adress{\'e} le message iconographique? En prenant le cas particulier du site Nisula, l{\textquoteright}auteur tente d{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuer dans quelle mesure il est possible de r{\'e}aliser une {\'e}tude du contexte d{\textquoteright}exposition des pictogrammes.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10023, title = {Kaapehpeshapischinikanuuch,a rock outcrop on Nemaska Lake where paintings have been left forever... Multidisciplinary analysis of a unique pictograph}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper presents some results of the 1998 and 1999 fieldworks of PETRARQ, a multidisciplinary research project on Quebec rock art sites. It deals with a newly pictograph site located in Cree territory, one of the biggest rock art sites in Eastern Subarctic. Considering its archaeological and iconographic components, as well as the stories that have been told about it by Cree elders, this site should belong to a larger Algonquian ideological sphere which has covered a huge area within the Canadian Shield in the past. Moreover its toponymic reference, {\textquoteright}Kaapehpeshapischinikanuuch{\textquoteright}, reveals that it might have been part of the Algonquian sacred landscape for many centuries.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault and Pascale Vaillancourt} } @Conference Paper {10022, title = {These faces are still looking at us, but are they laughing at us?...Stylistic and Proxemic Analysis of the Dorset Petroglyphs of Qajartalik, Nunavik}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Kangirsujuaq region, Nunavik, is a unique area where prehistoric rock-art sites can be found in the Canadian Arctic. In fact only four petroglyph sites have been identified so far, all located along the north-east coast of Ungava peninsula. One of those sites, Qajartalik (JhEv-1), was first studied during the 1960{\textquoteright}s by the anthropologist B. Saladin-d{\textquoteright}Anglure, who counted 94 different petroglyphs and interpreted them as being a Dorset production. Comparing their formal elements, Saladin-d{\textquoteright}Anglure identified two distinct types, and a few sub-types. Neither this typology nor the methodology applied were ever critically re-examined thereafter (e.g. Ta{\c c}on 1993), leaving some discrepancies in the archaeological interpretation of the site. Recent research has led to a reassessment these petroglyphs, and also to the discovery of more than 80 new motifs. At first sight, all depict human-like heads facing on. However, a close examination allows to distinguish at least seven different types of faces. Moreover facial details are sometimes explicit enough that one can interpret some distinct expressions - suggesting astonishment, sorrowness and so on - from one engraved figure to another. Without doing any psychological interpretation, this paper will present a proxemic analysis, along with a typological one, which could help to get better insights into the mimicry that Dorset people could have used for non-verbal communications in some specific contexts.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10021, title = {On the threshold of archaeological theory? Theorizing rock-art research in Canada}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Rock-art research has never been part of the intellectual mainstream in Canadian archaeology, although some discoveries and experiments have had important impacts on the international scientific scene during the last four decades. During the 1970{\textquoteright}s and 1980{\textquoteright}s, considered by some as a golden-age for rock-art research, hundreds of rock-art sites were reported throughout the country, and many were analysed according to scientific procedure proper to archaeological methods. However, the theoretical framework for interpreting the meaning content of those sites was not always explicit, and even sometimes lacking, due in part to the fact that no absolute dating methods could be applied for helping archaeologist to put this type of data in a more secure cultural timeframe. The last decade (the 1990{\textquoteright}s) has been a period of important changes in rock-art research in different parts of the world, thanks to the application of absolute-dating methods (especially through AMS) to rock-art sites, the interest for cognitive sciences and conservation issues, and, for some countries, efforts made for collaborating more closely with Native communities. Paradoxically, there has been a decrease of interest, as well as of means and resources, for studying rock-art sites in various part of Canada, in particular in the Provinces within the Canadian Shield. My paper will show how a more important consideration of current theories produced by specialists in that field around the world could help to revive this interest in rock art among Canadian archaeologists, and how current and future research projects held in Canada will allow to better contribute to theoretical debates here and abroad.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10025, title = {Current Research on Quebec Rock-Art Sites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Until the 1990{\textquoteright}s only a few sites had been studied in the Quebec part of the Canadian Shield. This situation started to change when I set up a multi-disciplinary project named PETRARQ, which aimed at reassessing our methods for studying rock-art sites in the Province. Since then, new decorated panels have been identified within some already known sites, and the six new painted and three engraved sites have been discovered altogether in the boreal forest alone, north of the St. Lawrence Valley. These results suggest that rock-art is not a mere epiphenomenon in Quebec but is part of a larger cognitive and visual symbolic system proper to Algonquian groups who have been inhabiting the Canadian Shield for millennia. This paper intends to shed new lights on this old phenomenon in Quebec compared to the rest of the Shield.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault} } @Conference Paper {10020, title = {New discoveries at the Kiinatugarvik site (JhEv-1)}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The 2001 field season at the Qajartalik (site JhEv-1) soapstone quarry allow the discovery of new evidence suggesting a use of the site over several centuries. The authors will discuss these discoveries which shed new light on soapstone use in relation with highly symbolic visual manifestations.}, author = {Daniel Arsenault and Am{\'e}lie Langlais} } @Conference Paper {10028, title = {Subsurface Imaging of the Linear Mounds}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This presentation will present preliminary results of ground penetrating radar investigations at Linear Mounds National Historic Site of Canada, in southwestern Manitoba. The objectives of the project were to use remote sensing technology to gather data on the construction of the earthworks, and to document disturbances in the burial mounds associated with early archaeological explorations.}, author = {Arthurs, David} } @Conference Paper {10027, title = {Remapping the Historic Caribou Fences of Vuntut National Park}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The historic caribou fences lying on the southern slopes of the British Mountains, in the northern Yukon, are some of the most impressive and evocative archaeological features of the western Subarctic. To provide data for their interpretation and presentation, and to assist in the management of these fragile cultural resources, the seven wooden caribou fences of Vuntut National Park of Canada are being remapped.This presentation will compare and contrast the fences that have been investigated to date, and discuss the challenges of recording and managing these landscape-scale structures.}, author = {Arthurs, David} } @Conference Paper {10026, title = {Manitou Mounds in Rainy River Prehistory{\textendash}A Preliminary Interpretation}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {1975 saw the completion of a highly successful three-year archaeological survey, conducted by the Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation at Manitou Mounds Park Reserve, on the Rainy River in northwestern Ontario. A total of 30 habitation and special activity sites and six of the prehistoric burial mounds now known in the area have been located and intensive test excavations conducted in seven site areas. Preliminary results indicate that the sites were occupied seasonally over a period of perhaps 3000 years by a number of northern peoples, to take advantage of the varied natural resources peculiar to the Rainy River district, and the strategic location of the area with respect to major cross-continental trade routes, through prehistory and during the Fur Trade era.}, author = {Arthurs, D.} } @Conference Paper {10029, title = {Cultural Property and the Question of Underlying Title}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In asking the question {\textquoteright}who owns the cultural property found at a site,{\textquoteright} it is useful to ask {\textquoteright}who owns the ground itself.{\textquoteright} By ownership in this sense I mean {\textquoteright}jurisdiction.{\textquoteright} It leads to questions about underlying title, sovereignty and treaty rights. In this discussion, I will direct my attention to the question of underlying title as a means to determine ownership of cultural property. I will look at some difficulties this approach creates for accurate determination of ownership and advance possible solutions, both for the long-terrn and the present.}, author = {ASCH, Michael} } @article {11418, title = {CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (Revised Edition 1971-72)}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {4}, year = {1972}, pages = {125-132}, author = {Canadian Archaeological Association} } @article {11413, title = {Constitution and By-Laws of the Canadian Archaeological Association}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {001-004}, author = {Canadian Archaeological Association} } @Conference Paper {10030, title = {Methodological Alternative: New Perspective in the Archaeological Record}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {What is sought in this article is present a series of new and different applications that had not been carried out up to now in the archaeological investigation, concretely in the systems of the archaeological record, using Geographic Information Systems[GIS in Archaeology] and terrestrial digital photogrammetry, understanding for it the branch of the photogrammetry that uses as data of entrance terrestrial pictures, not aerial. The necessity that we have of registering all archaeological evidence in the different field works that we develop takes us to an enormous storing of data of diverse nature, but that they have a common nexus. That point of union, most of the times, are merely spatial. In our current investigations we give an excellent importance to the fact that a certain archaeological material is located here or there regarding some well-known point. The same raisin with the archaeological and geological levels. The space situation can give us, many times, more information than the own materials or levels. For example we can know how those materials have arrived up to place where we discover them, if it has been for the man{\textquoteright}s action or of some animal one or simply for causes of the own Nature. If we analyze this way, individually, one at one, the materials or levels can fall in the error of make a partial reading and allow us to take for the theory that more we need it, usually the easiest interpretation. This can be avoid relating some levels with other, the materials of oneself level, and even the diverse materials of all the archaeological levels. This whole lattice needs of the necessary tools for, only not to pick up the data but storing them in such way ,that we can carry out complex questions to the record and responds us quickly and effectiveness. That structures the entrance data well to give an exit corresponding to the objectives that we mark ourselves in the research that we are carrying out. As it is already known by everybody, the GIS carry out that function: introduction, structuration and exit of data. We also know that the entrance of data is not only one of the most expensive tasks. Also the selection of data according to the ends or objectives that we pursue. I have been able to check that it is not enough a tool that manages a geographical potent database. This has to be supplemented with an instrument or method that it allows to capture the data required. Here it is where the Photogrammetry is introduced, as a group of methods and operations that allow the making of topographical maps and planes. In this case we will center in the application of the Terrestrial Photogrammetry, because the pictures used are obtained in the settlement. And we will see the stereogrammetry, application of stereoscopic pictures. This is a field that works with 3D models that helps us to maintain the necessary space relationship among different study objects. The whole exhibition will be supplemented with examples carried out indifferent Spanish archaeological settlements ( El Mir{\'o}n Cave, Cantabria, Torralba y Ambrona, Soria) where in some, they stay the traditional records systems and in other, they begin to introduce innovations.}, author = {ASTORQUI, A.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11046, title = {Transforming Archaeology: Activist Practices and Prospects}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {359-362}, editor = {Marina La Salle and Rich Hutchings} } @article {9484, title = {L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie rupestre du Bouclier canadien: Potentiel arch{\'e}om{\'e}trique}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {051-074}, abstract = {

Different types of mineral deposits, principally silicas, oxalates and carbonates, have been observed at many rock art sites throughout the world. Such mineral deposits are often layered and can be dated because they contain a great variety of datable materials. Recent technological advances have expanded the analysis of such components related to rock art. This paper looks at several theoretical and technical notions that enable the dating of silica skin accretions associated with rock art in the Canadian Shield. The dating of these accretions gives the age of certain rock art sites because the rock may have been covered with layers of silica before and after the creation of paintings and engravings. Certain characteristics of silica films can thus reflect the temporal framework and also the climatic conditions present when they were formed. They are thus a source of geological, archaeological and paleoenvironmental information.

}, author = {Maxime Aubert and Alan Watchman and Daniel Arsenault and and Louis Gagnon} } @article {11812, title = {On the {\textquotedblleft}Instrumentalisation{\textquotedblright} of Archaeology as a Tool of Colonialism}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {165-171}, author = {R{\'e}ginald Auger} } @Conference Paper {10033, title = {ARCHEOLOGIE A L{\textquoteright}ILE KODLUNARN: CAMP DE BASE DE MARTIN FROBISHER 1577-1578}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Les exploits de Martin Frobisher (1576-. 1578) dans sa poursuite de la d{\'e}couverte du passage du nord-ouest n{\textquoteright}ont d{\textquoteright}{\'e}gal que son habilet{\'e} {\`a} convaincre ses cr{\'e}anciers de lui fournir les fonds n{\'e}cessaires {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement d{\textquoteright}une colonie de 400 mineurs sur l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le Kodlunarn. Au cours des trois ann{\'e}es cons{\'e}cutives que Frobisher dirigea ses exp{\'e}ditions dans l{\textquoteright}Arctique, la premi{\'e}re visait {\`a} d{\'e}couvrir la route vers la Chine, alors que les deux autres avaient pour objectif l{\textquoteright}exploitation de minerais dans le but d{\textquoteright}en extraire l{\textquoteright}or qu{\textquoteright}ils devaient contenir. Cette entreprise pour la moins audacieuse r{\'e}sulta en l{\textquoteright}implantation de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement industriel anglais le plus ancien au Nouveau Monde. Cette communication vise donc {\`a} d{\'e}montrer le potentiel arch{\'e}ologique du poste de transformation des minerais construit sur l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le Kodlunarn. Nous pr{\'e}sentons les r{\'e}sultats de la reconnaissance arch{\'e}ologique de l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le Kodlunarn et des sondages pratiqu{\'e}s sur le fourneau d{\textquoteright}essai, la forge, la rampe de lancement des navires et de l{\textquoteright}analyse de la collecte de surface dans une zone d{\textquoteright}{\'e}rosion. Bien que tr{\'e}s pr{\'e}liminaires, les donn{\'e}es architecturales, les t{\'e}moins arch{\'e}ologiques et l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}om{\'e}trie apportent des {\'e}l{\'e}ments d{\textquoteright}explication {\`a} des questions d{\textquoteright}aspect technologique reli{\'e}es {\`a} l{\textquoteright}entreprise de Frobisher. Enfin, il est {\`a} noter que les probl{\'e}matiques de cette {\'e}tude n{\textquoteright}ont jamais {\'e}t{\'e} soulev{\'e}es dans les {\'e}tudes utilisant un cadre traditionel dans l{\textquoteright}analyse des documents historiques.}, author = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10032, title = {THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KODLUNARN ISLAND: MARTIN FROBISHER{\textquoteright}S BASE CAMP OF 1577-1578}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Few European enterprises in the history of the New World discovery rival Martin Frobisher{\textquoteright}s (1576-1578) exploits in search of the Northwest Passage. For three summers Frobisher led expeditions into the Canadian Arctic, first seeking a route to Cathay and when that eluded him, mining tons of black ore for gold. Frobisher{\textquoteright}s mining enterprises resulted in the implantation of the earliest industrial English establishment in the New World. This presentation highlights the archaeological potentiel of Frobisher{\textquoteright}s base camp on Kodlunarn Island. It discusses the results of the 1990 survey of the Island, limited testing of the assay office, the smithy, the ship trench and the material recovered from the eroding bank in front of the site. This preliminary archaeological reconnaissance provides us with architectural, artifactual and archaeometric data which will help in answering a host of anthropological and historical questions related to technological aspects of the Frobisher endeavour and left unexplained in the previous literature.}, author = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10036, title = {16th Century English Venture to Baffin Island: Evidence From Martin Frobisher {\textquoteright}s Expeditions}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Martin Frobisher{\textquoteright}s expeditions (1576-1578) to the Eastern Arctic sought initially to find a route to Cathay and when that proved to be less lucrative than the gold the English could bring back, the Company of Cathay was funded in order to mine tons of supposedly gold-bearing black ores. The enterprise resulted in the implantation of the earliest, though short-lived, industrial English establishment in the New World. This presentation highlights The archaeological potential of Frobisher{\textquoteright}s base camp on Kodlunarn Island, and discusses the results and preliminary analysis of the data from the 1990-1991 limited testing on the island. The overview of the limited archaeological research carried out so far provides us with architectural, artifactual and archaeometric data which will help in answering a host of anthropological and historical questions related to technological aspects of the Frobisher endeavour.}, author = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10031, title = {A STUDY OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SOD HOUSES IN SOUTHERN LABRADOR}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Unlike the written documents which support an Inuit presence in the Strait of Belle Isle from as early as the sixteenth century, the Inuit presence is archaeologicaly noticeable only at the end of the eighteenth century. After a review of the history of the Labrador Inuit/European contacts, we discuss the results of the archaeological research, which focused on sod houses located on both shores of the Strait. The evidence from two type sites is described in detail in order to highlight the degree of architectural and material cultural similarity that existed between Labrador Inuit and Europeans. The similarities observed between the two ethnic groups show how complex it is to tell them apart, because of acculturation which worked both ways. It appears that the Inuit were attracted by the increased European fishing activities in the area. Finally, this research reveals that the first European settlers of the Strait of Belle Isle were building sod houses very similar to what we know of the nineteenth century Labrador Inuit.}, author = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10035, title = {The Initial Study of the Kodlunarn Island Artifacts and their Potential for Future Research}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The first voyage of Martin Frobisher to the Eastern Arctic (1576) aimed at the discovery of the Northwest Passage but as it was customary the expedition brought back minerals to show that a new land had been discovered. Following the assaying of the ore the expedition had taken, one assayer was convinced it contained gold and silver. The lure of a gain was so strong that two other voyages were undertaken in 1577-1578 in order to mine supposedly precious -metal bearing ores. As the Frobisher expeditions left traces on Kodlunarn Island an archaeological research programme was planned in order to, investigate the technology used to extract the minerals, their assaying, and the logistics of provisioning an Arctic expedition in Elizabethan time. In addition to the above aims, another component of our programme studies the impact of the Frobisher voyages on the southeastern Baffin Inuit. This paper discusses the research which has taken place at the Frobisher base camp since 1990 and presents the result of the analysis carried out on the recovered material. The excavation, albeit very limited, shows that the Kodlunarri Island site provides a unique time capsule which has potential for documenting that aspect of the Elizabethan voyages of exploration which is left out from the official accounts.}, author = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10034, title = {ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE FROBISHER VOYAGES: 1990}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The archaeological remains of Martin Frobisher{\textquoteright}s sixteenth century expeditions searching for a northern route to Cathay and mining gold ore in Frobisher Bay, southeastern Baffin Island, were investigated by a joint Canadian-American team in August 1990. The four-week survey by archaeologists, geologists, and historians was the first of a planned multi-year community-based project which will involve local participation in field excavation and oral history reconstruction. The primary focus of the study is the earliest documented European voyages to the North American Arctic and their impact on early Inuit cultures during a period of significant climatic change, the Little Ice Age. Eventually this material will be compared to the later culture contact experienced in the whaling period. During the 1990 season, 46 archaeological sites were located including several Frobisher sites and Inuit contact period sites. The sites suggest a considerable amount of artifactual and faunal evidence for European-Inuit contact exists in outer Frobisher Bay and that Inuit interaction with the Frobisher expeditions and material remains was more extensive than suggested in the historic accounts. The sites also should permit study of broader issues including the effect of environmental conditions on resource availability during the Little Ice Age and the indirect effects of European contact on Eastern Arctic Inuit political,economic, and demographic systems.}, author = {R. Auger and William Fitzhugh and Lynda Gullison and Anne Henshaw} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9014, title = {Les t{\'e}moins arch{\'e}ologiques du fort Chambly}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {249-250}, editor = {R. Auger} } @Conference Paper {10037, title = {The Metepenagiag Heritage Park project, Part I}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Metepenagiag Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq Nation is undertaking the development of Metepenagiag Heritage Park (MHP) with the primary objective of protecting and presenting the national significance of Augustine Mound and Oxbow National Historic Sites of Canada - two of the most outstanding archaeological sites in Eastern Canada. This presentation will explore the history and development of the park, and the relationships that have developed between archaeologists and the community of Metepenagiag.}, author = {Augustine, Madeline} } @Conference Paper {10038, title = {The Wilcox Lake Site (AlGu-17): An Early Middle Iroquoian Component in the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Wilcox Lake site (AlGu-17) is a 1.2 hectare early Middle Iroquoian village situated in a public park along the elevated eastern shore of a large kettle lake in the Oak Ridges Interlobate Moraine physiographic region, approximately 35 km north of Toronto. Between 1989 and 1990, 383 square metres of the site were excavated by Archaeological Services Inc. in advance of the installation of a playground unit and washroom sewer line in the park. The available evidence indicates a year-round village occupation dating to between ca. A.D. 1280-1320. The Wilcox Lake site is beginning to provide data on a previously unknown regional expression of the Early to Middle Iroquoian transition. Although the ceramic sample is meagre, preliminary inter-site comparisons are made with the Uren, Boys, Bennett, and Barrie ceramic assemblages.}, author = {Austin, Shaun} } @article {9485, title = {Maritime Archaic and Recent Indian Evidence from Cape Cove Beach, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

Data from three Newfoundland sites excavated in l979 are reconsidered. Cape Cove 1 contains a ca. 4500 year old Maritime Archaic living area, as well as one dating to some time around 3600 B.P. Material recovered from Cape Cove 2 bears a close resemblance to a Recent Indian manifestation known as The Beaches complex. Cape Cove 3 seems to have been occupied, at various times, by groups associated with each of the three known complexes of the Recent Indian period \– Cow Head, Beaches, and Little Passage.

}, author = {Shaun J. Austin} } @Conference Paper {10039, title = {Dining on the Prairies: An Examination of a Typical Winter Diet of Southern Alberta{\textquoteright}s First Peoples at the Time of Contact}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {It is commonly thought in the archaeological community that Native diet prior to contact was inadequate, especially during lean times (i.e. winter). The purpose of this paper is to examine the nutritional quality of a pre contact diet using a combination of ethnohistoric, ethnoarchaeological and chemical research. Upon contacting a Southern Alberta Blood camp in late winter 1841, Rundle was served a meal of berry soup, dried prairie turnips, buffalo tongue, berry pemmican, dried berries, and buffalo fat. As part of this research, the recipes for the dishes served at this meal were obtained from a local member of the Tsuu t{\'\i}ina Nation (who still practices traditional cooking) as well as from some historic sources. Each of the ingredients represented in the dishes were then analyzed for nutritional content using Kuhnlein and Turner (1991) and my own analysis. These nutritional values were, in turn, compared to modern Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for the average North American. The results indicate that the typical Native meal, even during lean times, is every bit as healthy if not more so, than that recommended by the RDA.}, author = {AYRES, Candace and Gerald Oetelaar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11122, title = {The Archaeology of French and Indian War Frontier Forts}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {226-229}, editor = {John Triggs} } @Conference Paper {10042, title = {Heritage Resource Impact Assessment: Cultural Resource Management in Manitoba}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Heritage Resource Impact Assessments (HRIAs) have been carried out in Manitoba, albeit informally, since the inception of the Historic Resources Branch in 1974. The HRIA process was formalized in 1986 with the proclamation of the Heritage Resources Act, which not only contains; provisions for protecting Heritage resources on provincially designated Heritage Sites, but also protects resources on sites where the Minister only has {\textquoteright}reason to believe{\textquoteright} that they are present and will be adversely impacted by development or other activities. The Archaeology Section of the Branch coordinates initial HRIA screening for impacts to architectural, historical and archaeological resources. Field personnel examine any project with potential to require a developer to conduct a HRIA. Permits for field activities are issued, HRIA reports are reviewed and monitoring of project impacts are also functions of the Branch. HRIA Guidelines, in the form of seven self-contained {\textquoteright}modules{\textquoteright}, are available for use by the developer and the archaeological consultant in carrying our HRLAs.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M.} } @Conference Paper {10041, title = {NONINTRUSIVE IDENTIFICATION OF BURIAL SITES THROUGH GROUND CONDUCTIVITY SURVEYING TECHNIQUES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Often, if a heritage resource impact assessment or an archacological research project is conducted on a site containing human remains, the research design is abandoned or modified drastically and field activities become mere reactions to the unexpected occurrence. However, recent ground conductivity studies by Manitoba{\textquoteright}s provincial Historic Resources Branch have enabled staff to determine unmarked grave locations without disrupting the underlying burials. This technique is particularly useful in situations where Native burials are known or thought likely to be present, as it identifies specific lands which can be avoided during construction and monitored in the future. The paper discusses research at three historic cemeteries where two models of ground conductivity meters were used, the EM-31 and the EM-38. The former reads a maximum depth of 6m, white the latter penetrates only one quarter of that depth. Studies were conducted at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s Anglican Church at Middlechurch, north of Winnipeg, and at the abandoned cemeteries associated with two former Native residential schools at Elkhorn and Brandon, Manitoba. Data generated at Middlechurch, where studies were conducted over a two-year period and Branch archaeologists tested anomalies, provided a foundation for subsequent research and interpretation of the residential school cemetery sites. The paper concludes with a comparison of the EM-31 and the EM-38 meters and discusses the logistical problems of using each machine, as well as their potentiel for archaeological applications.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M. and K. David McLeod} } @Conference Paper {10040, title = {Archaeological Investigations of Cemeteries and Burial Sites: Heritage Mysteries Without Good Plots / Fouilles arch{\'e}ologiques dans les cimeti\&e}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Cemeteries and burial sites are cultural features that transcend time and ethnicity. A community{\textquoteright}s regard for its dead members, revealed in the treatment of their remains, may be observed long after the persons and the community have ceased to exist. Individual resting places are not only sacred spaces, but often the only physical remains of a former community. Over the past decade, the Historic Resources Branch of Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Citizenship has examined a number of cemeteries and burial sites using an electromagnetic surveying technique. This non-obtrusive technology, generally implemented as a part of a heritage resource impact assessment, provides locational data for cemetery restoration projects and First Nations band councils who are developing land management procedures. This paper discusses the techniques, results and future of electromagnetic surveying in the context of historic archaeology.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M. and K. David McLeod} } @Conference Paper {10043, title = {Electromagnetic Ground Conductivity at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s-Middlechurch: A Heritage Resource Management Study in a Historic Cemetery}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Archaeological applications for electromagnetic ground conductivity survey were presented by the authors at the 24th Annual Conference in St. John{\textquoteright}s, Newfoundland. At that time, the results and preliminary conclusions from studies at three historic cemeteries in southern Manitoba were discussed. Historic Resources Branch archaeologists have been able to test the validity of their interpretations of the electromagnetic ground conductivity survey data at St. Paul{\textquoteright}s-Middlechurch Cemetery. The estimated 650 burials at this Anglican church cemetery located north of Winnipeg, Manitoba, date from ca. 1850 to the present. Investigations have combined archival research, electromagnetic ground conductivity survey and archaeological excavation to produce locational information for unmarked grave sites.}, author = {Badertscher, Patricia M. and K. David McLeod} } @Conference Paper {10047, title = {AIRPORT IMPACT ARCHAEOLOGY IN NUNAVIK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Environmental impact studies engendered by the Northern Quebec Airports Improvement Project included the systematic archaeological inventory of the environs of 11 Inuit villages and the salvage excavation of sites threatened by project construction work. This field programme, carried out between 1984 and 1988, was planned and implemented through the collaboration of the Ministry of Transport of Quebec, the Avataq Cultural Institute and the local Inuit communities concerned. In all 233 sites were inventoried and four sites were salvage excavated. The organisation and results of these impact mitigation activities are described and the implications of the programme regarding the management of archaeological resources in Nunavik are discussed.}, author = {Badgley, Ian} } @Conference Paper {10046, title = {Variation in Dorset Semi-subterranean dwellings at DIA.4 (JfEl-4)}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The 1978 and 1979 Tuvaaluk programme excavations at the DIA.4 site revealed 13 complete or partially definable Dorset semi-subterranean dwellings. The majority of these dwellings are interpreted as having been subject to successive re-occupations, several of which were accompanied by alterations in the form of the earlier structure and the re-organization of internal features. Stratigraphic relationships and radiocarbon dating allow the chronological ordering of these occupations and permit the examination of dwelling variation through time. Certain implications concerning occupation of the site and Dorset architectural techniques are discussed.}, author = {Badgley, I.} } @Conference Paper {10045, title = {On the History of Northern Qu{\'e}bec Archaeology}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Abstract Unavailable}, author = {Badgley, Ian} } @Conference Paper {10044, title = {Pre-Dorset Settlement Patterns in Nunavik}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Archaeological rescarch carried out over the years in Nunavik has resulted in the inventory of a large number of Pre-Dorset sites. Sites of this culture are particularly numerous along sections of the east coast of Hudson Bay and occur in high density in several localities, including Kuujjuaraapik and the Inukjuak-Witch Bay area. The majority are located in boulder fields situated at high altitudes. Pre-Dorset sites known in the Ungava Bay region are more widely dispersed and, for the most, occupy raised gravel beach ridges. This paper reviews and compares the settlement pattern data obtained from these Early Palaeoeskimo sites. Marked contrasts in the physical settings and composition of the Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay sites indicate different patterns of occupation in each region. As well, differences in the lithic tool assemblages recovered from the sites tend to suggest 2 regional variants of the Pre-Dorset culture in Nunavik, both of which appear to have been of different geographical origin.}, author = {Badgley, Ian} } @Conference Paper {10048, title = {GLIMPSES OF NEO-ESKIMO OCCUPATION OF THE NUNAINGOK SITE, NUNAVIK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Archaeological field schools for Inuit conducted in 1987 and 1988 at the Nunaingok site, extreme northeastern Quebec-Labrador, were centred on the excavation of a sod qarmat and an associated midden. Preliminary results of the excavations indicate that the dwelling was repeatedly occupied by historic Inuit and clarify the seasonality of occupation. As well, data recovered from underlying Thule culture deposits shed new light on prehistoric Neo-Eskimo occupation of the site.}, author = {Badgley, Ian} } @Conference Paper {10050, title = {Labrador Culture, Heritage and the Inuit Land Claim in Labrador / La culture, le patrimoine et la revendication territoriale des Inuits au Labrador}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Recently the Inuit of northern Labrador began negotiating a comprehensive land claim with the government of Newfoundland and Labrador. One aspect of these negotiations was the concern expressed in the Inuit community that our cultural heritage deserved protection. Therefore, archaeologists were contracted to survey our traditional lands and to identify heritage sites. Their research was successful in discovering previously unknown sites. In addition, several Inuit were hired to accompany the archaeologists and to gain experience in field methods.}, author = {BAIKIE, Gary} } @Conference Paper {10049, title = {MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, ARCHAEOLOGY AND ABORIGINAL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN LABRADOR}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The recent avalanche of mineral exploration in northern Labrador has generated significant challenges for archaeologists and aboriginal people, who share a common interest in mitigating the impacts of these developments on cultural resources. Exploration is proceeding rapidly in an environment marked by strong pressures for investment and job creation as well as unsettled Inuit and Innu land claims. Archaeologists involved in impact assessments must confront the social and political responsibilities inherent in working at the interface between development interests and aboriginal concerns. This paper will recount the problems experienced during the past year and outline proposals for the conduct of future research based on collaboration between archaeologists and Inuit}, author = {BAIKIE, Gary and/et Bryan HOOD} } @Conference Paper {10051, title = {Archaeoentomological and Archaeoparasitological remains from the Hunt Site, Qu{\'e}bec City (1850-1900)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The latter of half of the nineteenth century was a period of many changes in the daily lives of city dwellers. For North Americans, health inspectors and permanent boards of health were instituted, and connections to water and sewer systems became widely available for the first time. The domestic sanitary movement, promoting cleanliness of the home and person as a means to be spared epidemic diseases such as smallpox and cholera, was also on the rise. Water and sewer connections combined with the promotion of personal, domestic, and municipal sanitation and hygiene should have improved life in urban centres, though the image of the nineteenth century city provided by documents and artifacts is just the opposite. Preserved insect and parasite remains were studied to elucidate further details about the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the Hunt Site in Qu{\'e}bec City between 1850-1900. The results, based on the study of a latrine system amongst other structures will be presented in this discussion.}, author = {Allison Bain} } @Conference Paper {10052, title = {Life in Rats Nest Cave: a View from Paleoentomology}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {A fossil insect assemblage was investigated from.Rats Nest cave in Grotto mountain near Banff, Alberta. Ten families of beetles (Coleoptera) were identified along with flies (Diptera) and ants (Hymenoptera). Analysis of the insect remains indicated a damp, dung-filled microenvironment within the cave as well as the open gravelly areas around the cave entrance. The assemblage was dated to approximately 2000 B.P. which is also reflected by the floral and faunal remains as they are similar to the ecology of the region today. A brief discussion of this method of environmental reconstruction will be presented as well as its potential application to archaeological investigations.}, author = {Allison Bain} } @Conference Paper {10054, title = {The Geochemical Fingerprint Of Major Lithic (Glass-Rich Dacite) Quarries}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {A major lithic mining site in the Cache Creek area, British Columbia, yielded rocks with a dull black appearance and distinctive working characteristics. This material has been referred to as glassy basalt in the literature but petrographic and geochemical analysis (46 major and trace elements) show it is dacite with a high glass content. Attempts to correlate this material with artefacts from a site in the southern Okanagan revealed a second dacite with a different geochemical fingerprint. At least one other dacite quarry site may exist. These preliminary results indicate that dacite was a common stone tool material in the BC interior perhaps acting as a substitute for rhyolitic obsidian which is less common in the area.}, author = {Baker, J. and L.M. Mallory-Greenough and J.D. Greenough} } @Conference Paper {10053, title = {Cultural Resource Management Archaeology in Maine: A View from the University of Maine at Farmington}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Since 1984 the University of Maine Archaeology Research Center has completed nearly 30 Cultural Resource Management assessments in the state of Maine. These projects have been mandated by state and federal statutes and have been completed for both private and public concerns primarily in previously understudied interior settings of Maine. This work is not simply "rescue{\textquoteright} or "salvage" archaeology but is research-oriented. As a result of these investigations, data from more than 500 archaeological sites (prehistoric aboriginal, historic aboriginal, and Euroamerican) or at least one-fifth of all of the recorded sites in Maine has been recovered and is undergoing assessment. This data will permit us to clarify and expand existing models of aboriginal occupation and utilization of the interior of Maine as well as allow us to pose new ones. An example of the wealth of information recovered during Archaeology Research Center investigations is drawn from the Androscoggin River valley located in western Maine and will be discussed in this presentation.}, author = {Baker, Thomas R.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12173, title = {Lumi{\`e}res sous la ville: quand l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie raconte Montr{\'e}al}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {098-099}, editor = {Nadia Charest} } @Conference Paper {10055, title = {Using a Geographic Information System to Predict Archaeological Resource Sensitivity at the Development Planning Stage}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Environmental Management Associates is a diversified enviromnental consulting company. With the heightened awareness regarding the environment, our clients are frequendy requesting that considerable effort be expended at the project planning stage in determining the environmental and cultural resource sensitivity of various areas. A Geographic Information System is used to predict the potential for varions re-sources, thereby allowing the client to choose the least sensitive options for detailed assessment. This paper examines how GIS bas been used to establish the archaeological resource sensitivity using an example from a valley in the Canadian Rockies. Completing this project involved examining known sites for common characteristics. Subsequently, the study area was modelled in 3D to determine slope and aspect and water bodies were buffed at 100 and 200 metres. Certain landforms such as alluvial fans known to have sites associated with them were also given a high potential rating. The attributes were weighted and the scores were summed to determine overall site potential. Because this valley has generally high sensitivity for both environmental and cultural resources throughout, the proponent will be able to focus further states of the route selection process on areas where the overall sensitivity is most manageable.}, author = {Balcom, Rebecca J. and Rick F. Courtney} } @Conference Paper {10057, title = {A regional approach to the study of diet during the first Century of the Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company fur trade}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company Archives contain a wealth of information}, author = {Balcom, R.} } @Conference Paper {10056, title = {Historic Sites Excavation, Oldman River Dam}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Prior to inundation by the Oldman River Dam Reservoir, Environmental Management Associates (now Golder Associates) completed mitigative investigations at six sites representing a time span from 1885 to 1935. These sites were selected for excavation on the basis of historical data and visual observation. A summary of the results of the mitigation is followed by a critique of the methods employed at the assessment and mitigation stages.}, author = {BALCOM, Rebecca} } @Conference Paper {10058, title = {THE PTERRIBLE PTARMIGAN AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN BIRD OSTEOLOGY}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {This paper presents preliminary results of comparative osteological studies of two very difficult groups of birds: smaller members of the order Passeriformes (perching birds) and the subfamily Tetraoninae (grouse and ptarmigan). Despite their small size, some passerine bones can often be distinguished on the basis of morphological characters. Using modern reference specimens, selected elements of species whose present distribution includes the Canadian prairies have been examined. The amounts of variation within and between taxa have been compared to determine the most reliable osteological characters. The most distinctive postcranial element is the humerus, with the carpometacarpus, ulna, proximal corocoid, proximal femur and quadrate also providing reliable characters for identifying passerine remains. On the other hand, the bones of most species of grouse and ptarmigan have proven virtually impossible to distinguish on the basis of morphological features. Osteometric studies conducted on modern reference specimens show a great deal of overlap in the total length of complete bones, although this measurement can in some cases reduce the number of possibilities and occasionally point to a single species. Thus in areas where more than one tetraonid species occurs, or may have occurred, identification of these bones should be made with extreme caution.}, author = {Balkwill, Darlene} } @inbook {11026, title = {Siglit Subsistence: Preliminary Report on Faunal Remains From a Large Midden at the Gupuk Site (NiTs-1), Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T.}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {95-116}, abstract = {A large quantity of well-preserved faunal material was excavated from a midden at the Mackenzie Delta site of Gupuk (NiTs-1), thought to have been the main village of the Siglit branch of the Mackenzie Inuit. The analysis of almost 38 000 non-cetacean bones and teeth recovered during the 1986 field season has revealed that Siglit subsistence was based on a wide variety of terrestrial, marine, riverine and lacustrine animals. Fish bones are very abundant, comprising over 67\% of the of the assemblage; the most abundant fish are burbot, inconnu and whitefish. The diversity of fish sizes indicates use of a number of fishing techniques, with netting probably the most important. Caribou, moose, seal, waterfowl, ptarmigan and grouse, and several small game species, especially muskrat, also played important roles in subsistence.}, author = {Darlene McCuaig Balkwill and Anne Meachem Rick}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10060, title = {Some results from the study of small archaeological sites}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Results from two separate studies carried out on small sites are presented. The importance of small, limited activity sites in hunter-gatherer systems is well known from a number of recent ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological studies. However, it is these kinds of sites which continue to receive little attention in archaeological projects, both at the pure research and applied levels. To underline the potential and importance of these site types we present results from studies undertaken on two separate projects, one of which was strictly research oriented and the other a CRM contract project.}, author = {Ball, B. and B. Spurling} } @Conference Paper {10059, title = {B.C. Plateau and the Northwestern Plains Similarities: Towards a Temporal Model for the Interior Plateau}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Interior Plateau region of British Columbia has long been considered a distinct {\textquoteright}archaeological area{\textquoteright}. Comparisons of artifact styles from the neighboring Northwestern Plains region suggest interesting developmental relationships. The application of a temporal model is advanced as a means to culture-historical interpretation.}, author = {BALL, Bruce and Martin Magne} } @article {9487, title = {Cost Effectiveness and Time Management Evaluation of Intensive Recovery Techniques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {075-097}, abstract = {

An evaluation of intensive recovery techniques is provided under the scrutiny of time management. This paper first reviews the potential biases inherent in coarse sieving using mammal remains from the Great Basin as an example. The example illustrates quantitatively how the importance of smaller taxa in the assemblage increases as a function of decreasing sieve size. Next the results of a multiple mesh sieving experiment are presented using data recovered from the Ross Site, a multi-component camp site through 12.7, 6.35, 1.59 and 0.85 mm sieves and the frequencies of vertebrate faunal remains, gastropods, insect eggs, plant seeds, and cultural lithics were tabulated. Regression equations describing the percent loss and recovery for both lithics and bones are given. Discussion concerning the recognition rates for tub-water separation, wet sieving, wet froth flotation, and simple flotation are evaluated. This detailed review leads to the conclusian that the simple flotation apparatus of P.J. Watson (17.6 man hours/cubic metre) and the Cambridge froth flotation machine (27.2 man hours/cubic metre) are the most cost effective. This performance could be further enhanced through the use of chemicals. Sorting rates, as gleaned from the literature for a variety of deposits, are also presented. Bearing in mind the considerable variation in site contents we are able to generalize, for the purposes of time management in mitigation, that 100 to 150 man hours are required to sort one cubic metre of processed material.

}, author = {Bruce F. Ball and Peter T. Bobrowsky} } @Conference Paper {10061, title = {The Arrowstone Quarry Site: A Major Quarry In The BC Southern Interior}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The Arrowstone Quarry Site is a large prehistoric site recently recorded in the Arrowstone Hills of south central British Columbia. The site is located in mountainous hills near the town of Cache Creek, northeast of Vancouver. This is an important find and represents interest on a number of different levels. Extending over several kilometres of hillside area, the site displays a variety of resource extraction activities and appears to have been utilized over significant periods of time. The Arrowstone Quarry Site is described and compared to other known quarry sites found throughout North America. Artifacts of similar raw material are known from many sites found throughout the interior regions of British Columbia. This is an important source that had been, for many years, well known, but ironically it remained somewhat of a mystery since its location and nature remained unknown.}, author = {Bruce F. Ball} } @Conference Paper {10063, title = {A METHOD FOR ASSESSING PREHISTORIC SITE POTENTAL IN REGIONAL STUDIES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Archaeologists are increasingly involved in environmental planning studies required as a precondition of development. A major component of these studies is the identification of prehistoric archaeological site locations that may be affected by the proposed undertakings. The challenge to archaeologists is to identify, with limited field reconnaissance, location(s) that are most likely to have significant material remains. The method developed and described is intentionally generic, and may be applied in any regional study, although the specific data used would vary. A contextuel approach incorporating both ecological and cultural data is advocated for assessing archaeological potentiel. Relevant ecological and cultural features of the environment are mapped and overlaid to assess potential. The opportunities and limitations posed by the scales of ecological data are illustrated, and examples of the databases available for such studies in Ontario are described. The importance of specific cultural adaptation and land use hypotheses in relation to the ecological context is emphasized. Cultural data (ethnographic and archaeological) relating to patterns of land use and resource exploitation are incorporated. Using examples from studies undertaken in Ontario, an approach to classifying high potential areas in a regional context is presented.}, author = {Balmer, Ann L. and John H. Peters} } @Conference Paper {10062, title = {An Illustration of Prehistoric Site Potential Mapping in Regional Studies}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper presents a case study to illustrate the practical application of a method for prehistoric site potential mapping in regional studies described by the authors in 1991. The study area is located in the Canadian Shield of north central Ontario. The method described emphasizes a contextual approach incorporating both ecological and cultural data for assessing archaeological potential. Cultural data (ethnographic, ethnohistorical, archaeological) are reviewed to derive general settlement and land-use models. Enviromnental attributes associated with the settlement and land-use patterns are selected and mapped at a scale of 1:50,000 using a GIS. Specific examples of the mapped attributes will be reviewed. The individual mapped attributes are then overlaid to identify the range of environmental situations. The resulting patterns are analyzed to provide a ranking of areas of archaeological potential.}, author = {Balmer, Ann and John Peters} } @Conference Paper {10064, title = {Small Site Archaeology on the Northern Northwest Coast: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement and Resource Procurement in Prince Rupert Harbour}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For the most part, archaeological research on the Northwest Coast has concentrated on the excavation and interpretation of large village sites. While the focus on villages has yielded significant insights into resource distribution, we know very little about the locations where resources were obtained. Although it is likely that some resource procurement took place at villages, the abundance of small, non-village midden sites in Prince Rupert Harbour suggests that foods and raw materials were also obtained from resource procurement sites in the surrounding microenvironments. However, we have a very limited understanding of the structure, variation and distribution of procurement sites in Prince Rupert Harbour, and of their role in settlement, subsistence and social organisation. This paper presents preliminary results from archaeological investigations at three small midden sites in Prince Rupert, with an emphasis on site function and season of use. Initial results suggest some specialization of resource use and possibly year-round occupation of the harbour area.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10066, title = {There{\textquoteright}s a Time and a Place: Ground Stone Tool Technology and Intersite Variability on the Northern Northwest Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Despite their ubiquitous use in pre-contact Northwest Coast societies, ground stone tools are an underused source of information regarding technology, subsistence and social relations. The examination of ground stone tool assemblages from archaeological sites can help to inform us as to the organization of household procurement and production on the Northwest Coast. Furthermore, experimental research into the methods of manufacture of ground stone tools can aid in the recognition of stages of manufacture and debitage in archaeological contexts. This paper presents anlysis to date of the distribution of ground stone tool assemblages across eight sites in the Prince Rupert Harbour area. In order to better understand the distribution of resource procurement and production at different sites, ground stone tool assemblage from village sites and camp sites are analysed. Homogeneity and heterogeneity among toolkits are discussed in the context of site function. In addition, experimental results of ground slate tool production are discussed in relation to archaeological data.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10065, title = {Shell Remains and Prehistoric Shellfishing in Prince Rupert Harbour, Northern British Columbia.}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Although vertebrate remains such as those of salmon, sea otter, deer and sea birds are relatively abundant in midden sites in Prince Rupert Harbour, invertebrate remains are by far the dominant fauna at sites in this area, and shell remains are often the primary component of midden deposits. However, invertebrate remains at sites around Prince Rupert have received little attention, and prehistoric shellfishing as an important and organised economic activity in the harbour area has not been considered. Emphasising in this paper the capacity of shell remains to inform us about settlement, subsistence, and household organisation on the Northwest Coast, I discuss ethnographic and ethnohistoric information on aboriginal shellfishing practices in Prince Rupert Harbour and in other areas on the Coast, and I present and discuss new (preliminary) data on size, abundance and variability of shell remains from column samples at four prehistoric middens in Prince Rupert Harbour.}, author = {Banahan, Joan} } @Conference Paper {10068, title = {PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY TREATED CHERTS FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {This paper presents the preliminary results of macroscopic analysis of various cryptocrystalline raw materials from southern Ontario. Individual chert samples, gathered from known chert outcrops as summarized by Eley and Von Bitter (1989), were experimentally burned in hearths for controlled periods of time. Samples were then compared to corresponding control groups for form, colour, transparency, luster, change in hardness, and cleavage. Preliminary results suggest there is sufficient variability in macroscopic characteristics after burning to caution against subjective field indentifications.}, author = {Bandow, James B. and Heide Bohaker and Frank Albanese} } @Conference Paper {10067, title = {Reflections On Water: Streamlining Predictive Modeling in Ontario}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {With the introduction of heritage legislation in Ontario over the last three decades, the growth of Cultural Resource Management, and the resulting trend towards implementation of regional archaeological master plans, several predictive models have been produced for use in archaeological planning. Yet, there is a reluctance on the part of Ontario archaeologists to incorporate these methodologies into a standard cohesive long term strategy. Rather, archaeologists continue to rely on simple {\textquoteright}distance to water{\textquoteright} criterion when determining high, medium, and low archaeological site potential. Why? The reason may lie both in the orthodox nature of government bureaucracy and in the inadequacy of deploying difficult to use models that continue to be untested, without validation, or any other form of nullification. As such, some regional master plans become obsolete: the implementation schedule does not meet the needs of the client. Is this a question of theory or scale? This paper will review and address the utility of predictive modelling in Ontario. An alternative approach is suggested combining several attributes of deductive spatial models employed elsewhere with technological solutions to the problem of low resolution of inductive approaches. These new methodologies would incorporate known aspects of culture history alongside environmental variables and contemporary social realities.}, author = {Bandow, James B. and Jacqueline Fisher} } @Conference Paper {10069, title = {Un paysage n{\'e}olithique dynamique au Wadi Ziqlab, en Nord-Jordanie}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {E.B. Banning} } @Conference Paper {10070, title = {The Morley Maya Model and its Enduring Influence}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In the interest of current critical approaches within culture studies, I will examine the writings of Sylvanus Griswold Morley, an American archaeologist who for forty years dominated Maya archaeology through activities associated with the Carnegie Institute of Washington and through the publication of his monumental synthesis on Maya Civilization: The Ancient Maya. This paper will investigate Morleys contribution through identification of the models on which he constructed a particular view of the ancient Maya, the social, political, economic, and academic circumstances out of which such models arose, and the personal agendas which they were used to fulfill. In assessing this model, I will cite both areas in which it achieved lasting success, and sorne of the avenues of inquiry which it marginalized. Looking at Morleys model from a contemporary perspective, I will explore some of the ways in which it continues to influence archaeological interpretation, and thereby to suggest more responsible post-structural and post-colonial alternatives.}, author = {Bardsley, Sandra} } @Conference Paper {10071, title = {Dorset Inner Bay Settlement And Subsistence as Seen Through Rattling Brook 1 (DgAt-1).}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Dorset Palaeo-Eskimo warm season sites are poorly understood. This paper focuses on the investigation of a Dorset summer season site, known as Rattling Brook 1, located in the inner region of Notre Dame Bay, NL. Recent excavations of both a structure and the surrounding features of the site, situated at the mouth of Rattling Brook, will be used to examine the settlement and subsistence patterns of the Dorset Palaeo-Eskimo in eastern NL. Specifically, this paper will investigate their use of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a resource. The paper will also identify the purpose and timeframe of Dorset occupation at Rattling Brook and the reasons for considering this a warm season site. To date, Dorset research in Newfoundland has not been able to identify the full seasonal round of the Dorset. Therefore, the research undertaken at Rattling Brook is capable of expanding our understanding of not only the Dorset, but also seasonal movements.}, author = {Barnable, K. Stuart} } @Conference Paper {10072, title = {Potential for Deeply Buried Archaeological Sites in Ontario based on the Glacial History.}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {During the last deglaciation of Ontario, events occurred that resulted in transgression of lake levels and the possible deposition of lake sediments over pre-existing landscapes. These transgressions were the result of glacier re-advances, changes in the routing of glacier meltwater and isostatic rebound. Glacier re-advance could result in the direct burial of archaeology sites by till or blocking meltwater drainage passageways resulting in flooding of surfaces in front of the glacier that were previously exposed. The Arkona-Whittlesey, Kirkfield-Main Algonquin and the Nipissing Great Lakes transgressions are examples of these types of transgressions. Glacier re-advance to the Marks and Dog Lake moraines (Marquette advance) is an example where there is a possibility that a habitable pre-existing landscape was overridden and covered with till and areas immediately in front of the ice were rapidly flooded by ponding meltwater. The value of using a hillshaded digital elevation model (DEM) to find potential areas to explore for buried archaeology sites is examined.}, author = {Peter J. Barnett} } @Conference Paper {10074, title = {BONE WEIGHT DATA AND THE INTERPRETATION OF INTRA-SITE AND INTER-SITE ECONOMIC PATTERNING: THEORY AND PRACTICE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {This paper has two aims. Firstly, it reviews zooarchaeological implications of the allometric relationship between dry bone weight and total weight in mammals, birds and fish. Secondly, it illustrates how weight data from bone (and other cultural inclusions) can serve as valuable indicators of intra-site and inter-site behavioural patterning. Univariate and multivariate techniques of statistical analysis are applied to data from Viking Age and medieval settlement sites in northern Scotland.}, author = {James H. Barrett and Trevor J. RINGROSE} } @Conference Paper {10073, title = {COLONIZATION FROM WITHIN: THE {\textquoteright}PERIPHERALIZATION{\textquoteright} OF VIKING AGE ORKNEY}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In the 11th century the autonomous Viking Age {\textquoteright}chiefdom{\textquoteright} of Orkney was transformed into a periphery of medieval Christian Europe. This paper integrates archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence to investigate the cultural processes that caused this transformation. It contrasts the role of external economic pressures and internal dialectical forces. I suggest that the efforts of a single lineage to consolidate secular and symbolic power may have been the catalyst of socioeconomic change. Earls such as Thorfinnr Sigurdarson sought to marginalize their competitors through recourse to pragmatic and symbolic support from the royal and ecclesiastical elite of neighbouring states. While their strategy was successful in the short term, it probably had an irreversible impact on the character of Orcadian society. This study provides a glimpse of wider processes underlying the transformation from {\textquoteright}Dark Age{\textquoteright} to medieval Europe. Moreover, it provides a model of {\textquoteright}colonization{\textquoteright} without population movement which may prove relevant to episodes of culture-contact elsewhere in the North Atlantic region.}, author = {James H. Barrett} } @Conference Paper {10075, title = {FARMERS AND FISHERMEN IN NORSE ORKNEY: WILD FOOD RESOURCES IN AN AGRICULTURAL ISLAND ECONOMY}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The remains of fishes and other wild foods from Earl{\textquoteright}s Bu, a high status Norse site in Orkney, Scotland, are compared to the evidence for agricultural food resources. Wild foods were probably a significant dietary supplement at Earl{\textquoteright}s Bu. Similar data have been reported from other Norse sites in the region. These raise questions regarding the usefulness of economic categories such as forager and farmer.}, author = {Barrett, James} } @Conference Paper {10077, title = {Ossements et contextes : le pal{\'e}o-ADN et l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des maladies dans le pass{\'e}}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Jodi Lynn Barta} } @Conference Paper {10076, title = {Addressing Issues of Cultural Continuity on the Central Northwest Coast using Ancient Dogs and DNA}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The distribution patterns of modern Aboriginal language families, combined with variations in the archaeological record, suggest a complex pattern of human migration and interaction along the Northwest Coast of North America before European contact. The spiritual connection between modern Aboriginal populations and their ancestors makes large-scale genetic analysis of ancient human remains inappropriate, but dogs may be useful as proxies of human population continuity over time because they are products of and participants in human cultures. This paper will present the results obtained from the extraction, amplification, and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient Northwest Coast dogs. These data are used to try to elucidate patterns of genetic continuity/change over the course of 6000 years on the central Northwest Coast.}, author = {Jodi Lynn Barta} } @article {11400, title = {Dog Days on the Plains: A Preliminary aDNA Analysis of Canid Bones from Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {46-62}, abstract = {

Dogs were an important component of lifeways on the Northern Plains until the reintroduction of the horse following European contact. There has been little investigation into the variability of domestic canids on the Prairies and the potential of that variability as a proxy for identifying relationships between culture-historic entities. Distinguishing between sympatric canids using morphological characteristics can be challenging with degraded specimens that have high intra-specific variability, and where wolf-dog hybridization can result in transitional morphologies. Here, we present preliminary ancient DNA data on archaeological canids recovered from FM Ranch (EfPk-1) and Cluny (EePf-1) in Alberta, as well as from Lake Midden (EfNg-1) in Saskatchewan. Using the mitochondrial control region, we taxonomically reclassify zooarchaeological remains, find potential evidence of European dogs in a protocontact component, and identify preliminary indications of a distinct dog population at the Cluny site that may be of interest for determining the origin of the One Gun phase.

}, author = {Bj{\o}rn Peare Bartholdy and Tyler James Murchie and Krystyna Hacking and Christine Verwoerd} } @Conference Paper {10078, title = {Cultural Resources Management for U.S. Water Pollution Control Facilities in New York State, 1976-98}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The presentation will begin with a description of the evolution of cultural resources management techniques and practices in the New York State Construction Grants Program. Management of these resources is achieved by integrating federal environmental and historic preservation reviews into one effective process for the identification, evaluation and protection of historic properties. Successful and problematic case studies will be presented. These will include: the use of remote sensing in identifying an urban historic archaeological district; integration of data on factory complexes into exhibits at the treatment plant and in the local school; protective measures for a 200 acre prehistoric and settlers{\textquoteright} site; unique problems posed by accidental discovery on two separate construction sites of cemeteries (one Native American, the other Colonial).}, author = {Basa, Louise A.} } @Conference Paper {10079, title = {THE PICTS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS IN CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The period of time under consideration in this paper falls between the 7th century and the 12/13th centuries AD, and encompasses the geographical area at the northern-most point of Mainland Britain. The evidence available for study for the Pictish and succeeding Viking and Late Norse populations in Caithness, and less commonly, in Sutherland, falls into several categories. Specific place-name types can be identified; they are few in the pre-Viking period but widespread and dense in distribution following the Scandinavian arrival. Several isolated finds of artefacts have been recorded in the past, and there are a limited number of new finds to be considered. The settlement evidence, although somewhat fugitive for the Pictish era, can be perhaps more easily recognised in the later Viking or Late Norse period, and certainly recent excavation has concentrated on this aspect. Evidence from burials will also be presented, and the distinctive Pictish graves will be considered in addition to the rich, accompanied Viking graves. Remaining lacunae in our knowledge will be highlighted and a way forward suggested.}, author = {BATEY, Colleen} } @Conference Paper {10082, title = {Canine Health and Human Analogy: Dogs as Surrogate Indicators of Human Health Status}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Dog remains are familiar components of zooarchaeological assemblages. Traditionally, they are quantified and recorded in similar ways to other forms of faunal evidence. Yet most faunal remains are vestiges of past meals, and equate to little more than a sorted roster of menu items. Dogs, however, represent a unique form of cultural evidence that may more fully inform both archaeologists and physical anthropologists alike. Considering that dogs were bred, fed, cared for, trained by and spent their lifetime in the company of humans, their contribution to the archaeological record is more cultural than strictly biological. I propose that dogs have, therefore, been underutilised as alternative lines of supporting evidence in relation to such disparate issues as health in past human communities. This paper will contrast and compare the results of the paleopathological analysis of domestic canid remains from two distinct regions of Canada: the Northwest Coast and south-central Ontario. Results suggest that dog remains share skeletal stresses similar to those found in contemporaneous human populations. Furthermore, such evidence may illustrate other forms of stress not easily recognized on human skeletal remains. It is therefore suggested that dogs be considered as independent indicators of health status in past human communities.}, author = {Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Conference Paper {10081, title = {Vers une d{\'e}finition des normes de l{\textquoteright}analyse des arch{\'e}oparasites}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Rhonda R. Bathurst} } @Conference Paper {10080, title = {Beyond Disease: The Archaeological Significance of Parasites}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Microscopic evidence of intestinal parasites have been recovered from 11 of 15 shell midden sites examined in the Namu region of the Central Coast. Eggs representing 4 genera and dating over 6000 years old were identified from midden sediment that had been excavated in auger samples. The paper will demonstrate that parasites are a valuable line of archaeological evidence, with broad interpretive value. Aside from health, the genera recovered are indicators of environmental conditions, site ecology, and food choice/preparation. Difference in the density and variety of parasites between sites is considered evidence of human population density, site use and seasonality.}, author = {Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Conference Paper {10083, title = {Investigating health and mortality in the Hamilton Cemetery: The impact of progressive inclusion}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The issue of burial representativeness is central to any attempt to reconstruct patterns of life and death in the past. Building on the work of Cannon (1995), we examine the impact of progressive inclusion on efforts to study the impact of industrialization and urbanization through the demographic distribution of mortality. To address this issue, we used a sample of 400 gravestones yielding a total of 881 individuals in the Hamilton Cemetery in Hamilton, Ontario. The data were sorted according to birth cohorts and analyzed by age and sex.}, author = {Heather Battles and Sarah Buchanen-Berrigan and Stacey Hallman and Martyna Janjua} } @Conference Paper {10084, title = {Folsom Mobility and Subsistence Strategies on the Southern Plains: A View from Lake Theo}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Folsom groups have been characterized as having residential and logistical mobility incorporating extremely large foraging territories. The Lake Theo site, located on the Southern Plains, provides a unique perspective to examine aspects of mobility and subsistence practices. Lake Theo is a bison kill and processing site located at the edge of a creek and situated within 1km of a high-quality chert source. Extensive utilization of the bison is indicated by cut marks, helical fractures, and long bone segments. This evidence points to secondary butchering after meat retrieval, and specifically marrow processing. Folsom groups focused on hunting bison, and therefore, subsistence strategies were based on bison migration routes and availability of other critical resources (toolstone and water). Representing a fall kill, Lake Theo was a favorable site due to its proximity to a lithic resource, water, and location along a bison fall migration route. Risk management, then, is considered the operative factor in the organization of Folsom technology and subsistence procurement.}, author = {BAXEVANIS, Susan and Briggs BUCHANAN and Eileen JOHNSON} } @Conference Paper {10086, title = {Shamanka II : un nouveau cimeti{\'e}re n{\'e}olithique sur le lac Ba{\"\i}kal}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Vladimir Bazaliiski and Andrzej WEBER} } @Conference Paper {10085, title = {Lokomotiv, Usta Ida and Shamanka Cemeteries: Mortuary Ritual and Culture Historical Context}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Lokomotiv and Ust{\textquoteright}-Ida, two Middle Holocene cemeteries from the Angara valley, dated to the Kitoi and Servo-Glazkovo cultures, respectively, have already seen much research. Human osteological and stable isotope data from these sites have helped to formulate the initial models of Cis-Baikal hunter-gatherer adaptations. These two collections will also play a pivotal role in this multidisciplinary project with regard to the examination of the mortuary ritual and social organization in addition to subsistence, diet and health. Shamanka, on Lake Baikal, is a recently discovered cemetery with both Kitoi and Glazkovo graves. Since it shows excellent potential, both with regard to preservation and number of graves, it is being considered as subject of the projects next excavation campaign. The paper will review the major archaeological characteristics of all three cemeteries.}, author = {Bazaliiski, Vladamir} } @Conference Paper {10087, title = {An Historical and Archaeological View of the Molly Brant Property}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the summer of 1988 the field investigation component of the {\textquoteright}Kingston Archaeological Master Plan Study{\textquoteright} was carried out. A survey along the upper portion of the Great Cataraqui River shoreline, just south of Belle Island, revealed evidence of the final abode of the Mohawk Matriarch, Molly Brant. A review of this initial assessment under the terms of the Kingston Archaeological Master Plan Study will be presented.}, author = {Bazely, Susan M. and Earl Moorhead} } @Conference Paper {10088, title = {Bringing Archaeology to the Public: A Kingston Viewpoint}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Kingston{\textquoteright}s past is rich in historical detail, whether it be architectural, political or archaeological. The staff of the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation has drawn upon the archaeological collections from a variety of excavations, and Kingston{\textquoteright}s museum community to develop public access to the history and archaeology of the area. In addition to school workshops, the Foundation provides a well established summer archaeology program, and utilizes a variety of methods to bring archaeology to the public. These efforts have exposed both the process of archaeology, and an insight into the past, to the public.}, author = {Bazely, Susan M.} } @Conference Paper {10089, title = {GIS at Khuzir Nuge XIV: The Use of GIS in Mortuary Archeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In October of 1998 the Baikal Archeological Project decided that the Khuzir-Nuge XIV site located on the west side of Lake Baikal in Siberia would benefit by being organized into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of this project was to bring together large amounts of tabular, spatial, pictorial and text data collected by a number of field workers in a format that was easily accessible for analysis and presentation. For Khuzir-Nuge XIV, ArcView was used because of its capabilities to link different data sets from the project. The application also represented the data visually, quickly and easily. Using the GIS will allow project researchers to undertake faster and more accurate analysis of features within the site. It will also provide an immediate visual aide, which would not be possible without the data organization provided by this approach.}, author = {Beames, Katherine} } @Conference Paper {10090, title = {New Initiative in Federal Shipwreck Legislation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {After several years of lobbying efforts by underwater archaeological groups throughout Canada, the Department of Communications has recently embarked upon a review of Federal Shipwreck Legislation. In particular, Part X of the Canada Shipping Act may be significantly revised. The new underwater archaeological legislation should be heritage based, providing an enforcement mechanism to protect and possibly enhance Canada{\textquoteright}s rich but fragile maritime heritage lying under water. British, American and Australian shipwreck legislation will provide models for this new federal initiative. Such heritage based legislation should protect for future generations our cultural resources lying underwater while enhancing our ability to learn about our past, and providing new recreational opportunities. This initiative is an exciting development for the diving, heritage and archaeological communities.}, author = {Beasley, Thomas B} } @article {9488, title = {The Kw{\"a}day D{\"a}n Ts{\textquoteright}{\'\i}nchi Discovery from a Glacier in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {129-147}, abstract = {

Glaciers and icefields in Northern North America have been exhibiting progressive retreat over the past several decades. One by-product of this phenomenon is the exposing of evidence for past human use of high altitude areas hidden by ice cover until recent years. The discovery in August, 1999, of well preserved remains of a young man, who perished over 550 years ago on an icefield in Northwestern British Columbia, is presented in this paper, along with initial descriptions and discussions of dating, the artifacts, human biology, and the procedures for stabilization and preservation. The paper also provides an outline of the variety of integrated research studies now underway relating to the goal of understanding who this person was, and the events immediately preceding and following his death.

}, author = {Owen Beattie and Brian Apland and Erik W. Blake and James A. Cosgrove and Sarah Gaunt and Sheila Greer and Alexander P. Mackie and Kjerstin E. Mackie and Dan Straathof and Valerie Thorp and Peter M. Troffe} } @Conference Paper {10091, title = {Patterns of cranial deformation on the prehistoric south coast of British Columbia}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {An analysis of 115 human skeletons from prehistoric sites located in the Gulf of Georgia region of British Columbia suggests the introduction of cranial deformation at around 2000 B.C. After this date., the patterns and extent of deformation change from a probable non-intentional form resulting from cradle board use to forms that are intentionally produced and possibly cosmetic in nature, By very recent prehistoric periods, cranial deformation is seen to be a universal feature among the inhabitants of Georgia Strait.}, author = {Beattie, O.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9287, title = {The Native Peoples of Canada: An Annotated Bibliography of Population Biology, Health and Illness}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {264-266}, editor = {Owen Beattie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9396, title = {Found! Human Remains {\textendash} A Field Manual for the Recovery of the Recent Human Skeleton}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {191-192}, editor = {Owen Beattie} } @Conference Paper {10092, title = {La recherche arch{\'e}ologique : outil de gestion ou moyen de destruction?}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La pratique de la fouille arch{\'e}ologique sans la justification d{\textquoteright}une menace imminente - et fort s{\'e}rieuse - est souvent consid{\'e}r{\'e}e comme {\'e}tant une activit{\'e} destructrice. Cependant, la fouille alli{\'e}e aux autres outils de gestion des ressources culturelles constitue peut-{\^e}tre le moyen privil{\'e}gi{\'e} pour assurer la meilleure conservation possible de documents irrempla{\c c}ables et le plus souvent sans d{\'e}fense. Cette communication est l{\textquoteright}occasion de s{\textquoteright}interroger sur la validit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}une approche trop souvent r{\'e}active tant en ce qui a trait {\`a} la conservation des ressources qu{\textquoteright}{\`a} la connaissance du pass{\'e}.}, author = {Beaudet, Pierre and Monique {\'e}lie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9319, title = {The Archaeology of Consumer Culture}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {188-189}, editor = {Matthew A. Beaudoin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12549, title = {Challenging Colonial Narratives: Nineteenth-Century Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {259-261}, editor = {Jeff Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9018, title = {Flag Fen: Prehistoric Fenland Centre}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {149-150}, editor = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9392, title = {Across a Great Divide: Continuity and Change in Native North American Societies, 1400{\textendash}1900}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {265-268}, editor = {Matthew A. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10096, title = {Dissecting a signal for the Little Ice Age from environmental and historical data from central Saskatchewan.}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {We are currently investigating whether the Little Ice Age (LIA) had a significant impact on landscapes of central Saskatchewan. Cooler temperatures and higher precipitation may have affected the composition and extent of vegetation types and the frequency and intensity of landscape-level processes, such as fire. By extension, changes in the characteristics of the landscape may have influenced the subsistence strategies of people living in these regions. Climate signals are available from proxy palaeoenvironmental indicators, phenological indicators, and documentary sources, especially Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company journals, for the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries, the interval that encompasses the height of the Little Ice Age. Most palaeoenvironmental records rarely yield data on the temporal scale (at least sub-decadal) relevant to human activities. In contrast, documentary sources yield a plethora of observational information related to climate, such as timing of break-up and freeze-up on major waterways. With judicious interpretation, these data can be compared to modern data for the same events. The comparison and integration of data from such different sources highlights interesting perceptual and interpretational issues.}, author = {Beaudoin, A. B. and D. Meyer and J. D. Gillespie and D. Russell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9017, title = {The Fisher Site: Archaeological, Geological and Paleobotanical Studies at an Early Paleo-Indian Site in Southern Ontario, Canada}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {066-072}, editor = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10100, title = {How can we find evidence of people in postglacial palaeoenvironmental records from Alberta?}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {There are well over 100 palaeoenvironmental records from Alberta, spanning the range of the postglacial. Yet, of all the factors that are used to account for vegetation changes in these records, human agency is rarely invoked. Underlying much of the analysis is an implicit assumption that the contemporary landscape is {\textquoteright}natural{\textquoteright} and the product of natural processes. Consciously or not, people are considered to be outside these natural processes. Human agency is only used as an explanation for vegetation changes in the Late Holocene, following EuroCanadian settlement. Perhaps this mirrors another implicit assumption, that only settlement and agriculture, with concomitant land clearance, can leave a signal in the vegetation record. Records will need to be sampled at much higher resolution than hitherto to detect the more subtle changes in vegetation likely to arise from the activity of hunter-gatherers. Fire history appears one of the most promising lines of investigation. Indeed there is considerable urgency in disentangling anthropogenic and climatic signals in the fire records from the perspective of land-managers concerned with reinstating {\textquoteright}natural{\textquoteright} fire regimes in areas such as National Parks. There has also been remarkably little palaeoethnobotanical research in Alberta, although work at Saskatoon Mountain shows that there is great potential in favourable preservation locales. Perhaps this arises from palaeoethnobotanists{\textquoteright} concentration on cultigens, which are unlikely to be present in Alberta. The challenge for both these disciplines will be to devise criteria for the recognition of plant use and vegetation modification by people where exotics are not present as an indicator of human presence.}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Conference Paper {10095, title = {Of Mud and Men: History of the Fletcher Site (DjOw-1), Southern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Situated in the most arid region of the Canadian prairies, water has always played an important role at the Fletcher Site (DjOw-1). Water, the digging of a dugout, was involved in the site{\textquoteright}s recognition, and water, in the form of a lake and its associated resources, probably attracted Paleoindians to the locale around 9000 years ago. Indeed, waterlogged conditions at depth have preserved a fine record of plant and other macroremains from the early Holocene. The record supports a view of early Holocene water availability on the plains that forms a strong contrast with today. Since Forbis and his team worked there almost forty years ago, Fletcher has remained one of the most important Paleoindian sites in western Canada and it continues to contribute to our understanding of human occupation on the prairies.}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9057, title = {The Archaeology of Hybrid Material Culture}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {592-594}, editor = {Matthew A. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10099, title = {Macroremains from the Fletcher Site (DjOw-1), Southern Alberta, and Implications for Early Postglacial Landscapes on the Canadian Plains}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Fine fraction analysis of matrix samples from Cody-complex levels of the Fletcher site (DjOw-1) has yielded abundant macroremains including seeds, plant fragments, mollusc shells, bird{\textquoteright}s egg-shell, insects, ostracodes, and faunal remains, dated around 9,300 yr. BP. Identified seeds include those from aquatic (Potamogeton, Zannichellia palustris) and wetland (Scirpus) taxa that suggest the presence of permanent, if somewhat brackish, water. At present, the area has few sources of permanent water on upland surfaces, especially in mid-summer. Other identified macroremains include Scirpus validus/autus, Ranunculus sceleratus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Hippuris vulgaris, Boraginaceae, Chenopodium spp., Graminae, Polygonum, Cyperaceae undiff., Typha latifolia seeds, and Rumex periaths. Molluscs include the aquatic taxa: Gyrsaulus spp., Promenetus exacuous, Armiger crista, Lymnaeidae, Physa, Pisidium, and Helisoma. The assemblage also includes a few specimens from land snails (Vallonia, Succinea, and Vertigo). Above the Cody-complex levels, there is a transition to clastic (windblown?) sediment which is essentially sterile. This sediment infilled the wetland hollow. The Fletcher site record is one of a series of new palaeoenvironmental records that also includes the Jenner and Weber Dugouts (constructed for cattle watering) in Southeastern Alberta. These sites have yielded wood, including aspen, dated between 10,150 and 9,800 yr. BP. Together, these three records are providing a more complete picture of early postglacial landscapes (ca. 11,000-9,000 yr. BP) in southern Alberta and indicate considerable differences from present landscapes. In particular, they suggest that early postglacial landscapes were well-watered, despite indications of climatic aridity from elsewhere. Water may have been derived from melting residual ice and permafrost contributions to groundwater. The Fletcher site shows that there may have been more (fresher) water sources on the Canadian Plains in the early postglacial than at any time since. Perennial water and productive wetlands may have been attractive for human occupants, especially in summer. This suggests that Paleoindian occupation patterns and land-use on the Canadian Plains may be quite different to those of later occupants.}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9016, title = {American Beginnings: The Prehistory and Palaeoecology of Beringia}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {314-317}, editor = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10094, title = {Mapping the Past: A Database of Pollen Records for the Northern Plains}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {One component of SCAPE highlights Holocene landscapes and vegetation from the northern plains. Pollen records yield information about past vegetation and, by inference, climate and resources. As of January 8 2001, 149 palaeoenvironmental records have been identified from the SCAPE study area. Of these records, 102 deal with pollen; others focus on diatoms, ostracodes, geochemistry, pigments, or plant macroremains. Comparison of the pollen records has to take into account species-dependent response to environmental changes, variable plant migration rates, and local factors (e.g., substrate type) affecting plant distributions. Variable chronologic control is also an important consideration in extracting time-stratified patterns from these data. However, this database will be useful for generating regional pictures of landscape change, and recontructing vegetation at the five Holocene time-slices that are the principal focus of SCAPE.}, author = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @article {9490, title = {A Compendium and Evaluation of Postglacial Pollen Records in Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {092-112}, author = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10098, title = {The Landscape Context for Early Postglacial Paleoindian Occupation on the Northern Plains}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Recently, palaeoenvironmental records, including new plant macrofossil evidence, from the Northern Plains (Alberta and Saskatchewan) have yielded information on the early postglacial landscapes (ca. 11,000-9,000 yr. BP) occupied by Paleoindians. Although coverage is patchy, the records suggest general patterns of vegetation and landscape development that provide the basis for a testable model. Specifically: 1) a recently-completed plant macrofossil record from the Andrews site, southern Saskatchewan, contains white spruce cones and needles at a level radiocarbon-dated from sprucewood to 10,200 yr. BP, 2) in Southeastern Alberta, the Jenner and Webb sites have yielded wood, including aspen, dated between 10,150 and 9,800 yr. BP, 3) in south central Alberta, the Fletcher site (DjOw-1), has produced seeds from wetland and aquatic plants dated around 9,300 yr. BP. Already-published pollen records from northern Montana show predominantly open, probably arid, landscapes between 12,000-10,000 yr. BP. Based on these observations, we propose the following scenario for a transect moving away from the Laurentide ice margin, extending from southern Saskatchewan, through southern Alberta to northern Montana, around 11,000-9,000 yr. BP: a) abundant residual ice and proglacial lakes, b) a belt of open spruce forest in newly deglaciated terrain beyond the ice margin, c) hummocky terrain with abundant kettles and melting ice,supporting perennial wetlands, surrounded by aspen, d) perennial wetlands probably surrounded by open grasslands, perhaps with some aspen in particularly sheltered or moist locations, e) grassland changing to open parkland terrain in the foothills. This transect roughly follows a trend of moisture-availability. Around 10,000-9,000 yr. BP, several records show a transition to clastic (windblown?) sediment that infilled wetland hollows. By this time, any residual buried ice and permafrost had melted. Further drying and sediment redistribution occurred during the Hypsithermal. Subsequent moisture increases, associated with cooler Late Holocene conditions were insufficient to produce permanent water bodies in these locales. This model suggests that there may have been more water sources on the Plains in the early Holocene than at any time since. Despite indications of climatic aridity, the Plains landscapes were probably well watered. Perennial water may have made these productive areas and attractive for human occupants, especially in summer. This model has implications for Paleoindian lifeways and occupation patterns in the Northern Plains.}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne and Catherine YANSA and Robert E. VANCE} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9015, title = {Archaeomalacology: Molluscs in Former Environments of Human Behaviour}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {103-107}, editor = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9099, title = {The Palynology of Archaeological Sites}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {227-230}, editor = {Alwynne B. Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10093, title = {Formule statistique multidimensionnelle pour d{\'e}finir les ensembles de v{\'e}g{\'e}tation dans la zone {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du pr}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {BEAUDOIN, Alwynne and Timothy Panas} } @article {9489, title = {Attributing Cultural Affiliation to Sod Structures in Labrador: A Labrador M{\'e}tis Example from North River}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {148-173}, abstract = {

The Labrador landscape is littered with the remnants of sod structures that cannot be readily associated with a specific ethnic group because of the rapid adoption of this type of dwelling by Labrador Inuit, Europeans, and culturally-mixed families. Sod structures occupied by culturally-mixed families of Labrador Inuit and Europeans, which are today known as Labrador M{\'e}tis, have not been studied in detail. This paper outlines the excavation and analysis of one such structure: site FkBg\–24, a nineteenth-century Labrador M{\'e}tis sod structure. The results were compared with contemporaneous Labrador Inuit and European sites in order to assess distinguishing features of Labrador M{\'e}tis families and to formulate an initial archaeological definition that can be used to identify Labrador M{\'e}tis sod structures.

}, author = {Matthew A. Beaudoin and Richard L. Josephs and Lisa K. Rankin} } @Conference Paper {10097, title = {Sod House Structure Architecture of the 19th Century Labrador M{\'e}tis}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The use of sods in house structure construction was common throughout the Labrador coast since the Labrador Inuit first entered the region. Since sod house structures are well suited for this environment, they were quickly adapted and used by a wide variety of different cultures and groups throughout Labrador. The use of sod structures by Inuit, seasonal fishers and permanent European settlers has littered the coast with sod house remains. This paper will discuss how the architecture of a recently excavated 19th century Labrador M{\'e}tis sod house structure compares and contrasts to those of the other cultural groups in the region. Differences in the architectural features, house layout and methods of construction are apparent, and outlining these differences is the preliminary step in creating an archaeological definition of the Labrador M{\'e}tis that could be used to help determine cultural affiliation of sod house structures on the Labrador Coast.}, author = {Matthew Beaudoin} } @Conference Paper {10101, title = {Pedological research and its application to Boreal Forest archaeology Pedological research has much to offer in the evaluation of toil disturbances in}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, author = {Beaudry, M.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9309, title = {The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {190-193}, editor = {Kiara Beaulieu} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9444, title = {The Archaeology of Colonialism: Intimate Encounters and Sexual Effects}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {168-171}, editor = {Kiara Beaulieu} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9382, title = {An Archaeology of Asian Transnationalism}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {595-597}, editor = {Kiara Beaulieu} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9368, title = {Archaeology in the Making: Conversations through a Discipline}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {329-332}, editor = {Kiara Beaulieu} } @Conference Paper {10102, title = {Comment les documents lient l{\textquoteright}histoire {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie : l{\textquoteright}exemple de Red Bay}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Ce propos a pour but d{\textquoteright}illustrer un autre exemple de la compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} de l{\textquoteright}histoire {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie. Cette compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} s{\textquoteright}est refl{\'e}t{\'e}e dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de documents notari{\'e}s bisca{\"\i}ens du 16e si{\'e}cle pour le projet du baleinier de Red Bay. La documentation provient de diff{\'e}rents fonds d{\textquoteright}archives de la province basque de Gipuzkoa en Espagne. {\`a} cette {\'e}poque, la renomm{\'e}e des constructeurs de bateaux de la c{\^o}te bisca{\"\i}enne n{\textquoteright}{\'e}tait pas {\`a} faire. Toutefois, jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} r{\'e}cemment, aucune {\'e}tude approfondie de leurs m{\'e}thodes de construction n{\textquoteright}avait {\'e}t{\'e} entreprise. Les fouilles men{\'e}es {\`a} Red Bay donneront essor {\`a} plusieurs sujets de recherche dont celui-ci. Voici les r{\'e}sultats obtenus dans le cadre de la construction navale. Un examen minutieux de chacun des documents par sujet nous permit de r{\'e}unir des d{\'e}tails tr{\'e}s int{\'e}ressants sur la traite du bois, le gr{\'e}ement, l{\textquoteright}architecture et la construction navale. Ces pr{\'e}cisions nous donn{\'e}rent une meilleure compr{\'e}hension du r{\^o}le des divers acteurs impliqu{\'e}s dans cette industrie. Elles nous donn{\'e}rent aussi une compr{\'e}hension am{\'e}lior{\'e}e de la provenance et des lieux de transformation des mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res, des modes de transport, des divers m{\'e}tiers impliqu{\'e}s, des lieux de construction, etc. En ce qui a trait {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie, l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de ces documents nous {\'e}claira sur la m{\'e}thode de construction des bateaux par le biais de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des m{\'e}tiers, les outils employ{\'e}s, les noms des diverses pi{\'e}ces de bois, des {\'e}l{\'e}ments du gr{\'e}ement, leur fonction et localisation, donn{\'e}es importantes pour permettre la reconstitution fid{\'e}le de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}pave. Ceci n{\textquoteright}est qu{\textquoteright}un {\'e}chantillon des possibilit{\'e}s offertes par l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de ces documents. En effet, ces derniers regorgent d{\textquoteright}informations de toutes sortes. Pour terminer, notre expos{\'e} vous en d{\'e}voilera les principaux th{\'e}mes.}, author = {Beauvais, Suzanne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9120, title = {The Archaeology of Kinship: Advancing Interpretation and Contributions to Theory}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {138-141}, editor = {Susan J. Beckwith} } @Conference Paper {10103, title = {The Archaeological Process in British Columbia: Help or Hindrance to First Nations?}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In the last decade, Native communities have expressed dissatisfaction with the handling of native cultural heritage and archaeology in BC. In response, the Archaeology Branch, university researchers and consultants have taken steps to accommodate these concerns. This paper will examine some of the concerns as well as the measures taken by archaeologists and assess whether they align with native needs and perceptions. Based on this examination, some predictions for professional archaeology and First Nations are made.}, author = {BEDARD, Beth} } @article {9491, title = {A Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris L.) of Probable Pleistocene Age from Old Crow, Yukon Territory, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {161-168}, abstract = {

A complete right dentary of a domestic dog, Canis familiaris L., recovered from Old Crow Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada, may represent one of the earliest known domestic dogs. The oldest known dog remains have been dated to approximately 12,000 BP. Although the Old Crow specimen has not been radiocarbon-dated, it is inferred to be Pleistocene in age on the basis of its stratigraphic position and staining.

}, author = {B.F. Beebe} } @Conference Paper {10104, title = {La r{\'e}gion Mezcala-Balsas et son int{\'e}gration {\`a} la M{\'e}soam{\'e}rique pr{\'e}hispanique}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Dans le cadre de cette pr{\'e}sentation, nous aborderons l{\textquoteright}histoire pr{\'e}hispanique de la r{\'e}gion Mezeala-Balsas au Guerrero du point de vue particuli{\'e}rement de sa position p{\'e}riph{\'e}rique par rapport aux principaux centres de d{\'e}veloppement et de pouvoir en M{\'e}soam{\'e}rique et notamment {\`a} la r{\'e}gion voisine des hauts-plateaux du Mexique central. {\`a} partir des donn{\'e}es arch{\'e}ologiques et ethnohistoriques issues de recherches men{\'e}es en la r{\'e}gion Mezeala-Balsas, nous tenterons de cerner les caract{\'e}ristiques internes et le d{\'e}veloppement de cette r{\'e}gion et d{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuer la nature des m{\'e}canismes qui ont permis le maintien {\`a} long terme de son int{\'e}grit{\'e} culturelle tout en favorisant sa participation et son int{\'e}gration {\`a} la M{\'e}soam{\'e}rique pr{\'e}hispanique. Notre propos se veut une r{\'e}flexion th{\'e}orique quant au caract{\'e}re profond{\'e}ment m{\'e}soam{\'e}ricain de ces soci{\'e}t{\'e}s p{\'e}riph{\'e}riques du Guerrero pr{\'e}hispanique et de la n{\'e}cessit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}une meilleure compr{\'e}hension de ces processus r{\'e}gionaux d{\textquoteright}adaptation dont la diversit{\'e} et l{\textquoteright}articulation fondent le concept de M{\'e}soarn{\'e}rique.}, author = {B{\'e}langer, Christian} } @Conference Paper {10106, title = {Taphonomic Processes and Reconstruction of Maritime Behavior: A Case Study from the Roque Island Archipelago, Maine (USA).}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A large sample of faunal remains from a shell midden on Great Spruce Island in the Roque Island Archipelago along the Downeast Coast of Maine (USA) has allowed several avenues of study to be implemented. This faunal assemblage represents a unique collection of terrestrial and marine species ranging from large sea mammals (unidentified whale) to large ungulates to small fish remains. This collection offers a unique opportunity to examine a seasonal occupation of an insular environment by the First Peoples of northern New England during the Ceramic (Woodland) period of 3,000 to roughly 1,000 years B.P. However, although a reconstruction of the maritime adaptation will be attempted, several distinct taphonomic issues are present within this assemblage. The sample consists of bulk unit gross-screened samples as well as fine-screened samples. Each of these yields different results as small bones, such as fish vertebrae of tom cod (Microgadus tomcod) tend to be under-represented in the bulk samples. Taphonomic processes include carnivore activity, excavation strategies, inherent preservation issues related to the bone density and varying soil pH throughout the midden. Shell middens in northern New England are not uniform deposits of shell and several lenses and strata on low or non-shell are present that create a significantly different preservational environment.}, author = {William R. Belcher} } @Conference Paper {10105, title = {Stratigraphic Considerations of Housepit Construction Along The Maine Coast}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Housepit remains are common in the Maine-Maritime region. Many have been recognized along the coastal zone of Maine and New Brunswick. Housepits present problems in the qualitative interpretation of stratigraphy. Aboriginal digging activities disturb, destroy and reorganize pre-existing strata. By digging into subsoil, no pre-existing strata would be damaged; however, subsoil could be re-deposited over other strata. Excavation of a pit into pre-existing shell midden or a pre-existing housepit disturbs cultural strata and their associated artifacts. To conceptualize digging activities, the term {\textquoteright}Building Episode{\textquoteright} is used. Building Episodes consist of cultural and natural events leading to the development of archaeological remains referred to as housepits. Examples of building episodes and their implications for shell midden deposition are drawn from the Knox site, East Penobscot Bay.}, author = {William R. Belcher} } @article {9492, title = {The Bradley Cemetery: A Moorehead Burial Tradition Site in Maine}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {003-028}, abstract = {

The Bradley Cemetery was a large Late Archaic, Moorehead Burial tradition site in Bradley, Maine. The site has a long history of amateur digging and collecting as well as limited professional investigations. A radiocarbon sample on birch bark directly associated with an artifact excavated in 1969 has provided a new date of 4,580\±120 years BP on this type of cemetery. The artifacts are similar to other cemeteries of this type; however, there is generally a lack of ground slate material.

}, author = {William R. Belcher and David Sanger and Bruce J. Bourque} } @Conference Paper {10107, title = {Contexte environnemental et impacts environnementaux sur l{\textquoteright}occupation pr{\'e}historique de Port au Choix, c{\^o}te nord-ouest de Terre-Neuv}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Trevor Bell and Joyce Macpherson and Renouf, M.A.P.} } @article {9493, title = {An Empirical Study of Probability Sampling Design}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {105-123}, abstract = {

This paper presents preliminary results of an empirical study of probability sampling designs based on the study of seven attributes of collared rimsherds from six totally or almost totally excavated middens investigated during the 1975 rescue excavations at the Draper site. The results of this study suggest that the current practice of arbitrary selections of sampling designs and sampling fractions are inappropriate and recommendations for a more appropriate method of selecting sampling designs and fraction are presented.

}, author = {David R. Bellhouse and William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10109, title = {A Re-Analysis of the Late Side-Notched Projectile Point typology for the Northeastern Plains}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Since the inception of the Late Side-notched projectile point system in the 1960{\textquoteright}s by R.S. MacNeish, R. Forbis, and T. Kehoe, researchers have applied this typology to projectile points recovered from sites on the Northern Plains. These types have been used as relative temporal markers for different cultures on the Northern Plains. J. Ives and T. Peck re-evaluated the Late Side-notched projectile point system in the mid 1990{\textquoteright}s using sites from the Northwestern Plains. The result of this research was the development of two distinct point classes called Cayley series and Mortlach group. These classes represent temporal and geographic distribution of cultures residing on the Northwestern Plains. The traditional model for the Late Side-notched points and this new classification does not encompass projectile points from Blackduck sites on the Northeastern Plains. This presentation offers an analysis of side notched projectile points from selected Northeastern Plains sites including Brockinton, Stott and Hokanson. This evaluation serves to support the notion offered by Peck and Ives that some side notched points do not correspond with the existing typology particularly regarding the stylistic differences of points from Blackduck sites. Late Side-notched projectile point classification needs to be re-evaluated as a temporal and geographic marker for Late Precontact cultures occupying the Northern Plains region.}, author = {Belsham, Leanne and Andrea Richards} } @Conference Paper {10108, title = {Macroscopic and attribute analysis of the lithic assemblage for the Jackson Site (DiMe-17)}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {A number of techniques used to study stone, have been applied to the lithic assemblage the Jackson Site, a Vickers occupation dated circa 330{\textpm}60 B.P. An analysis using macroscopic properties and attributes for each tool and debitage class has been completed to determine tool and flake types and manufacturing techniques. Individual flake analysis, the examination of rock types, both local and exotic material use, and the use of heat treatment were employed in the research. Previous researchers have used the application of ultraviolet light to differentiate between Knife River flint and chalcedony and this technique has been evaluated. The results from the flake and tool analysis have been applied to a spatial study of the kill, midden, and habitation zones, of this kill/processing site in the Lauder Sandhills. By using lithic analysis, secondary utilization of the site is evident. Preliminary results are discussed in this presentation.}, author = {Belsham, Leanne} } @Conference Paper {10110, title = {The Evolution of Archaeology in British Columbia: an Industrial User{\textquoteright}s Perspective}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Archaeology and the forest industry in BC were rapidly forced together by legislation in the mid 90{\textquoteright}s. The Forest Practices Code requires forest companies to search out and secure the services of archaeologists to ensure operations (harvesting and silviculture) are carried out in a manner that will avoid damage or uncontrolled alteration of cultural sites. Methodologies, standard practices, relations with local First Nations, and corresponding costs have varied substantially from project to project and from Archaeologist to Archaeologist. To meet legislative requirements, forest companies have been forced to accept these variations in order to continue to service the timber requirements of the various facilities. Legislative accreditation ensures membership standards (academic and practical experience) code of conduct, client responsibility, and appropriate discipline procedures. The end result would be a more cost-effective and professional service that would meet the needs of the client and local First Nations groups, and would protect important cultural resources.}, author = {Bennett, Brad} } @Conference Paper {10111, title = {Proton magnetometer results from the early Jomon Yagi site, Hokkaido}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A proton magnetometer survey of Yagi, a large early Jomon community of southwestern Hokkaido, was carried out by an international crew during the 1978 and 1979 field seasons. The survey, as part of the archaeological research at the Yagi site, was an attempt to identify distinct features and their areal variations in order to guide subsequent excavation. Extrapoloation from the correlations of the excavation results and their magnetic anomalies to areas not tested by excavation permits suggestions about the distribution of subsurface features and cultural debris within the Yagi site. This paper presents the theory of magnetic survey as applied in this situation together with the results of the survey at Yagi and an interpretation of the Yagi magnetometer data.}, author = {Bennett, C.} } @Conference Paper {10113, title = {The Smuland Creek Site (GdQn-1) and Implications for Palaeoindian Site Prospection in the Peace Region of Northwestern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {CRM survey of a pipeline corridor stretching across uplands to the southeast of Grande Prairie resulted in the discovery of the Smuland Creek site. Preliminary testing yielded an artifact assemblage diagnostic of earliest prehistoric times in the Peace Region. The elevation of the site lies within the range of strandline features associated with the uppermost and earliest levels of Glacial Lake Peace (Bessborough Stage). Further survey in the immediate area resulted in the identification of an upland beach ridge that yielded additional prehistoric artifacts but no diagnostics. Previous archaeological research in the area has recognized potential associations between palaeoindian sites and younger phases of Glacial Lake Peace development (Clayhurst Stage). The new discoveries present evidence for earlier human presence in the region that may be associated with older, upland glacial lake features. The merits of this hypothesis are examined, and the implications for palaeoindian site prospection and predictive modeling in the region are discussed.}, author = {Bereziuk, Darryl A. and Gordon M. Moore} } @Conference Paper {10112, title = {The Deer Mountain Locality: Evidence for Long Term Prehistoric Lithic Resource Extraction in the Swan Hills of North-Central Alberta}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Cultural Resource Management (CRM) survey of proposed forest harvest developments in the Swan Hills has resulted in the discovery of the Deer Mountain Locality. Preliminary investigation has resulted in the discovery of 12 prehistoric sites centered upon Deer Mountain, a distinctive upland feature situated along the Grizzly Ridge escarpment. Both habitations as well as lithic procurement and reduction sites are represented. The recovered lithic assemblages are noteworthy for exhibiting high quality lithic raw materials that include abundant quartzites, some chert and a novel material type identified as {\textquoteright}Grizzly Ridge Silicified Wood{\textquoteright}. The target geological source of the {\textquoteright}opalized{\textquoteright} wood raw material has been tentatively identified along the nearby escarpment slopes. This local raw material comprises up to 90\% of some lithic assemblages. Previous archaeological research conducted in north-central Alberta has tended to relegate the Swan Hills as a {\textquoteright}hinterland{\textquoteright} area largely devoid of focused prehistoric human activity. The new discoveries present evidence for intensive prehistoric human habitation and lithic resource extraction within uppermost elevations of the Swan Hills. A description of the nature and context of prehistoric assemblages recovered from Deer Mountain and other nearby sites will be accompanied by an examination of pertinent geological factors that may have stimulated repeated human occupation of the area. Based upon these preliminary findings, an hypothesis is forwarded suggesting that this pattern of prehistoric human settlement was initiated during Early Prehistoric times, eventually leading to the establishment of local populations into wide-ranging prehistoric trade networks that extended as far as the Northern Plains}, author = {Bereziuk, D. A.} } @Conference Paper {10115, title = {L{\textquoteright}excavation et la conservation des mat{\'e}riaux gorg{\'e}s d{\textquoteright}eau: une symbiose parfois difficile, souvent compliqu{\'e}e et toujo}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Of all the different types of conservation treatment, objects made of waterlogged materials constitute one of the most frustrating and difficult to treat, albeit the most gratifying when success is achieved. Using some samples of work done in the province of Qu{\'e}bec, the author will try to outline the guiding factors well as the moral and ethical responsibilities behind the relationship between excavation and conservation, and the lack of liaison between the two disciplines.}, author = {Bergeron, Andr{\'e}} } @Conference Paper {10114, title = {Arch{\'e}ologie ET conservation, une mission impossible?}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {D{\textquoteright}un point de vue strictement professionnel, la pratique de l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie diff{\'e}re sensiblement de celle de la restauration. Ces deux disciplines pr{\'e}sentent toutefois des analogies importantes, ainsi qu{\textquoteright}un d{\'e}nominateur commun: la culture mat{\'e}rielle mise au jour par l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologue. La perspective d{\textquoteright}examen de l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et de la conservation-restauration n{\textquoteright}est pas la m{\^e}me. Pourtant l{\textquoteright}interaction qui peut en r{\'e}sulter est b{\'e}n{\'e}fique sous plusieurs aspects, surtout lorsque l{\textquoteright}on pense {\`a} la mise en valeur. M{\^e}me si la situation s{\textquoteright}est am{\'e}lior{\'e}e depuis 15 ans, il existe encore aujourd{\textquoteright}hui beaucoup de probl{\'e}mes {\`a} solutionner et de nombreuses zones grises. Cette communication tentera d{\textquoteright}effectuer un bilan de cette relation entre l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et la conservation, avec quelques suggestions pour l{\textquoteright}approfondir et l{\textquoteright}am{\'e}liorer.}, author = {Bergeron, Andr{\'e}} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9020, title = {Basketry and Cordage from Hesquiat Harbour}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {062-065}, editor = {Marianne Berkey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11541, title = {Les Choix Alimentaires {\`a} Qu{\'e}bec au XVIIIe Si{\`e}cle : {\'E}tude Zooarch{\'e}ologique d{\textquoteright}un Assemblage Faunique Provenant des Latrines Ouest du Palais de l{\textquoteright}Intendant (CeEt-30) vers 1722{\textendash}1775}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {340-342}, editor = {Lauriane Bourgeon} } @Conference Paper {10119, title = {Diagnostic Features of Marpole Baskets}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Artifacts with numerous techno-stylistic attributes have great diagnostic potential, but recognizing the relevant features can pose a considerable challenge. Recent research in the Coast Salish area of the Northwest Coast identifies decorative patterns typical of patterns from the Marpole Phase (400 BC - AD 500). Zig-zag and chevron motifs are especially characteristic and often occur as part of rim construction and reinforcement wrappings. Replication of these attributes on a Marpole Phase stone bowl, as well as purely decorative imitation reinforcements, strengthen the conclusions indicated by inter-site comparisons.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10123, title = {WET SITES: REDISCOVERING FORGOTTEN FINDS AND FINDING OVERLOOKED DEPOSITS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Detailed background research provides essential direction for locating wet-site resources in the field, since they are seldom detectable by normal survey procedures. A search of field notes, unpublished manuscripts, artifact records and collections in selected repositories documented 28 wet-site components in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, where previously only eight were on record. The data indicate likely locations for additional water-saturated archaeological deposits in this region, including former sloughs and creek beds up to 2.5m below present-day alluvial surfaces, and modern intertidal river beaches in front of terrestrial habitation sites.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10118, title = {L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie en Colombie-Britannique( le statut des femmes}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {De r{\'e}centes {\'e}tudes r{\'e}alis{\'e}es en Europe, en Australie et aux {\'e}tats-Unis r{\'e}v{\'e}lent que les femmes et les hommes s{\textquoteright}int{\'e}ressent de mani{\'e}re diff{\'e}rente {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et que la d{\'e}finition du succ{\'e}s professionnel s{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablit par rapport {\`a} l{\textquoteright}homme. Cet article d{\'e}crit, {\`a} partir de documents et d{\textquoteright}exp{\'e}riences v{\'e}cues, les diff{\'e}rences dues au sexe dans les perspectives et les r{\'e}alisations de l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie en ColombieBritannique au cours du temps. Il pr{\'e}sente les probl{\'e}mes engendr{\'e}s par l{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuation du statut, de la contribution et des r{\'e}sultats obtenus.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick and Sandra K. Zacharias} } @Conference Paper {10122, title = {Wet-Site Investigations on the Northern Northwest Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Exploratory excavations in June 1999 added wooden fishing implements, fragments of a net, a ground slate point, and faunal remains to an assemblage of 5,000-year-old twined basketry that had been previously rescued from eroding intertidal deposits at a site in southeastern Alaska. The water-saturated deposits have also preserved remnants of a 2,000-year-old fish trap feature. Although the sample is too small to draw conclusions with confidence, stylistic characteristics and functional interpretations of the finds support reconstructions of intensive salmon fishing and cultural continuity in the Northern Tlingit area for the past five millennia.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10117, title = {The Status of Women in British Columbia Archaeology}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Recent studies in Europe, Australia, and the United States show that women and men participate diff{\'e}rently in archaeology and that the definition of professional success is androcentric. This paper documents gender-related differences in opportunities and achievements in British Columbia archaeology over time, using documentary sources and life experiences. Problems in measuring status, contribution, and achievement are addressed.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick and Sandra K. Zacharias} } @Conference Paper {10121, title = {The Scowlitz Wet Site}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent investigations of the waterlogged component at Scowlitz (DhR1-16W) in the Fraser valley of southwestern British Columbia, illustrate the socio-political complexities of the process of doing archaeology. Aboriginal administrators, individual band members, university educators, students, volunteers, wet-site archaeologists, conservators, and government managers see the project from different, intersecting perspectives. The concerned parties do not have the same goals for research, resource management, and public awareness. Thus, the methods as well as the results of the archaeological investigations reflect multiple, sometimes conflicting, lines of thinking. This paper attempts to mirror reality through simultaneous consideration of disparate viewpoints.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @article {9494, title = {Status of Women in British Columbia Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {079-086}, abstract = {

Recent studies in Europe, Australia, and the United States show that women and men participate differently in archaeology and that the definition o f professional success is androcentric. This paper documents gender-related differences in opportunities and achievements in British Columbia archaeology through time. Problems in measuring status, contribution, and achievement are addressed.

}, author = {Kathryn Bernick and Sandra K. Zacharias} } @Conference Paper {10116, title = {A Stitch In Time: Recovering The Antiquity Of A Coast Salish Basket Type}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Basketry artifacts, which comprise some of the more culturally distinctive archaeological finds on the Northwest Coast, have been of little use in the Coast Salish area for tracking continuity into modern times. The introduction of coiled basketry very early in the post-contact era combined with a dearth of archaeological specimens from the past 1,500 years obscure the heuristic potential of basketry. New insight is provided by a waterlogged specimen made entirely in cross-stitch wrapping that was found at a site (DhRq 19) in the Fraser estuary. Dated to 900{\textpm}100 BP, it is technologically analogous to baskets made with exotic materials (raffia) by Coast Salish basket-makers in Washington state.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10120, title = {Identifying Anthropogenic Deposits in Alluvial Settings}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Environmental processes that shaped the landscape throughout antiquity and continue to do so today also affected the archaeological record. This is particularly apparent in alluvial settings. Excavations at the Scowlitz Wet Site (DhRl-16W) in the Fraser Valley illustrate that not all culture-bearing deposits represent in situ materials buried by accumulated sediments. A review of previous investigations at the Sunken Village site (35MU4) in the lower Columbia River region suggests that lack of attention to hydrological processes led to misinterpretation of cut-bank exposures and auger-test results. Addressing cultural questions with data from dynamic environments requires a research strategy that gives primacy to geoarchaeological reconstruction and determination of the stable landforms at the time of occupation.}, author = {Kathryn Bernick} } @Conference Paper {10124, title = {L{\textquoteright}h{\'e}ritage du Corossol, Vaisseau du Roi}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Il y a trois cents ans, en novembre 1693, une violente temp{\^e}te frappait une flotte de sept navires partie de Qu{\'e}bec pour la France. Les navires, sous le commandement de Le Moyne d{\textquoteright}Iberville, furent dispers{\'e}s et le Corossol, l{\textquoteright}un des six Vaisseaux du Roi {\`a} tenter la travers{\'e}e, fit naufrage au {\guillemotleft} lieu appel{\'e} les Sept-{\^\i}les dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent {\guillemotright}. Seuls quelques matelots surv{\'e}curent au d{\'e}sastre. En octobre 1990, des plongeurs amateurs remont{\'e}rent {\`a} la surface des canons retrouv{\'e}s {\`a} l{\textquoteright}entr{\'e}e du port de Sept-{\^\i}les. Une intervention rapide des autorit{\'e}s permit de monter une prospection arch{\'e}ologique avant que le site ne soit davantage perturb{\'e}. Aucun vestige de la coque ne fut retrouv{\'e} et il semble que le navire ait {\'e}t{\'e} en grande partie d{\'e}truit. Toutefois, les objets retrouv{\'e}s tendent {\`a} confirmer que cette {\'e}pave soit bien celle du Corossol. Ce site pr{\'e}sente un cas int{\'e}ressant de probl{\'e}mes qui ont trait {\`a} la pr{\'e}servation du patrimoine submerg{\'e} et des dilemmes qui d{\'e}coulent de leur gestion.}, author = {Bernier, Marc-Andr{\'e}} } @Conference Paper {10125, title = {Lake Baikal Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Evolutionary Theory}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Behavioral or evolutionary ecology differs from the usual anthropological perspective in its focus on individuals rather than cultures. The motives, goals, and strategies of individuals are amenable to direct observation and analysis. It is unclear, by contrast, whether any culture as a whole has definable motives, goals, and strategies at all. In the Lake Baikal region of Siberia, we have access to a unique data set of discrete individuals from numerous mortuary sites. The ability to acquire detailed information about the life history of these individuals, in combination with the environmental and ecological history of the region, provides us with an archaeological opportunity to apply this perspective in unparalleled detail.}, author = {Bettinger, Robert L.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9097, title = {Subsistence and Culture in the Western Canadian Arctic: A Multicontextual Approach}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {129-132}, author = {Matthew W. Betts}, editor = {Susan Dermarkar} } @article {11935, title = {The Pierce-Embree Site: A Palaeoindian Findspot from Southwestern Nova Scotia}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {255-262}, abstract = {

The Pierce-Embree site is a recently discovered Palaeoindian findspot from southwestern Nova Scotia. Located on the Sable River Estuary, it is a formerly inland location which is now on the shore of a long inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. The site where the artifacts were deposited is now apparently destroyed because of sea-level rise and associated inundation/erosion. The fluted point and the spall-scraper recovered from the site are stylistically similar to artifacts dating to the Early and Middle Palaeoindian periods (12,900{\textendash}11,600 cal BP). This discover y highlights the alarming impact of erosion on the archaeological record of Nova Scotia{\textquoteright}s South Shore, and underlines the importance of community engagement and outreach when conducting survey projects.

}, author = {Matthew Betts and M. Gabriel Hrynick and Alexandre Pelletier- Michaud} } @Conference Paper {10126, title = {{\'e}volution des {\'e}conomies de subsistance inuites dans le delta du Mackenzie, Territoires du Nord-Ouest}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Matthew Betts and T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10128, title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Materials: Successes and Failures}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The small sample size of AMS radiocarbon dating has changed fundamentally the preferred archaeological material requirements. In addition to the charcoal, wood and large bone samples, commonly used for conventional radiocarbon dating by beta-ray counting, a large number of different materials such as steel, ivory, silk, small bone fragments, antlers, narwhal tusks, seeds, pine and spruce needles, food remains, mud brick and walls, egg shells, paper and parchment, ropes, copper tools, etc., are now commonly dated. A decade of experience bas shown that a careful selection of these materials on the basis of their archaeological use or function as well as the careful chemical extraction and purification of the appropriate fractions has improved the accuracy and reliability of the dating results and has solved archaeological problems which could not be solved by conventional radiocarbon dating. These successes and some of the spectacular failures have created new insights into the suitability of some materials and the limitations imposed by sample contamination.}, author = {Beukens, R.P.} } @Conference Paper {10127, title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Ontario Cultural Materials}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The opportunity of using small samples sizes and a variety of material types has improved the research opportunities for those investigators employing radiocarbon analyses as an aspect of their investigative programmes. The solutions to problems of chemistry are still of utmost importance to the reliability of the dating results. The final dendro-corrected result must also be seen in perspective as a probability statement. These issues are discussed within the framework of ISOTRACE results on a suite of samples from Ontario spanning the time range 7000 B.P. to A.D. 1650 and will examine radiocarbon results from the sites of Renshaw, Ball, Warminster, Ossossane, Mienburg, Kirch, Benson and others.}, author = {Beukens, R.P. and L. A. Pavlish and Farquhar, R. M.} } @Conference Paper {10130, title = {An Evaluation of Radiocarbon Analysis of Organic Tempering Agents in Ceramics}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {With the advent of the AMS approach to Radiocarbon dating in which individual atoms are counted, a great many more items became dating candidates as only milligram size samples were required. The Radiocarbon analysis of ceramic materials was high on this list and the success of the analysis of charred food remains in pottery is well documented. However, the analysis of organic tempering agents in ceramic materials has been plagued by many difficulties which are not immediately apparent to the analyst. This talk will discuss why these difficulties are intrinsic to the material, based on case histories of a variety of samples.}, author = {BEUKENS, Roelf} } @Conference Paper {10129, title = {THE RADIOCARBON DATING OF SMALL UNCONVENTIONAL SAMPLES BY AMS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The advent of AMS Radiocarbon dating has made possible the analysis of small unconventional samples, such has cultigens, foraminifera and small gastropods, fibres etc. The success of these analyses is contingent upon knowledge of the organic constituents and their appropriate chemical processing. The lessons learned from the successes and particularly the failures will be discussed.}, author = {BEUKENS, Roelf} } @Conference Paper {10131, title = {A Dorset surface habitation at DIA.73 (JfEl-30)}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper focuses on the analysis of a Dorset surface habitation on Diana Island, northwestern Ungava Bay. Analysis centres primarily on architectural remains and the lithic collection. These data are then compared with similar Dorset structures elsewhere.}, author = {Bibeau, P.} } @Conference Paper {10132, title = {Spatial behaviour among prehistoric Arctic hunters}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Four study hypotheses about spatial patterns in the archaeological site distribution on Aston Bay, Somerset Island, NWT are presented. These identify variables assumed to have affected site location choice made by early Arctic small tool tradition, Dorset Culture and Thule culture groups. The study indicates differences in spatial behaviour among the three prehistoric groups, adding to understanding of changing adaptation to the Arctic environment through time. The study also yields the conclusions that a regional approach coupled with systematic data collection and quantitative analysis reveals subtle variability in the Arctic archaeological record, and that anthropology provides the explanatory theory for interpretation of prehistoric spatial behaviour.}, author = {E. Bielawski} } @article {9495, title = {Spatial Behaviour of Prehistoric Arctic Hunters: Analysis of the Site Distribution on Aston Bay, Somerset Island, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {033-045}, abstract = {

Cultural and spatial analyses of prehistoric sites on Aston Bay suggest that behaviour was spatially patterned, and that the pattern changed through time. Early Arctic Small Tool tradition people were exploring adaptational possibilities, wintering on the coast and travelling inland during the summer. Dorset people, in contrast, used the coast as a stop on their journies between the sea ice and the interior. Thule people found the area relatively unsuitable for occupation. The relevance of the study for method and theory is discussed.

}, author = {E. Bielawski} } @Conference Paper {10133, title = {A Search for the Public Interest in the Cultural Resource Management Industry in Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The growth of consulting archaeology in Ontario over the past twenty-five years has resulted in a situation where professional practitioners now undertake hundreds of projects each year. New sites are revealed every day in the cities and neighbourhoods that we live in and the vast majority of these rediscoveries occur without receiving a ripple of acknowledgement in the community. This raises questions about accountability, and it has been suggested that archaeologists have an obligation to public education and outreach. The results of a recent survey undertaken among archaeological practitioners in Southern Ontario suggests that the current system of cultural resource management in this province is lacking in policies and practices that permit meaningful communication with the public.}, author = {Jennifer Birch} } @article {11249, title = {Chronological Modeling and Insights on European- St. Lawrence Iroquoian Interaction from the Roebuck Site, Ontario}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {332{\textendash}347}, abstract = {

Advances in laboratory methods and chronological modeling have greatly refined the practice of radiocarbon dating, permitting more precise age-estimates for archaeological sites and materials than have been previously possible. This report presents new AMS dates on maize and bone collagen from a European-worked needle case from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian Roebuck site. Those dates are then re-presented within a series of Bayesian models to illustrate the benefits of chronological frameworks which include prior information. The results produce an estimate of Roebuck\’s occupation as beginning cal A.D. 1474\–1568 and ending cal A.D. 1524\–1587 (2 sigma), placing the needle case in the very early protohistoric period.

}, author = {Jennifer Birch and Carley A. Crann and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9496, title = {Rethinking the Archaeological Application of Iroquoian Kinship}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {194-213}, abstract = {

Kinship is the primary idiom through which social and political relationships are constructed and maintained in Northern Iroquoian societies. As such, kinship terminology has often been invoked in explanations for organizational changes observed archaeologically. However, if overly generalized models of Iroquoian kinship are employed to explain the archaeological record we risk masking the variable and contingent nature of social relationships as they existed in practice. In this paper I will discuss the historical construction of Iroquoian kinship by cultural anthropologists and how archaeologists have applied the resulting models. I will also explore how the terms matrilineage and clan have been used to describe household and village organization and offer alternative suggestions for how kinship-based relationships might be more productively employed (and not employed) in archaeological interpretations.

}, author = {Jennifer Birch} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9302, title = {Archaeology, Society and Identity in Modern Japan}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {108-110}, editor = {Jennifer Birch} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9021, title = {Warfare in Cultural Context: Practice, Agency and the Archaeology of Violence}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {106-109}, editor = {Jennifer Birch} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11049, title = {From Prehistoric Villages to Cities: Settlement Aggregation and Community Transformation}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {371-374}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Conference Paper {10134, title = {Rethinking the Archaeological Application of Iroquoian Kinship}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Kinship is the primary idiom through which social and political relationships are constructed and maintained in Northern Iroquoian societies. As such, it has often been invoked in explanations for organizational changes observed archaeologically. However, if overly generalized models of Iroquoian kinship are employed to explain the archaeological record we risk masking the variable and contingent nature of social relationships as they existed in practice. In this paper I discuss the historical construction of Iroquoian kinship by anthropologists and how archaeologists have applied the resulting models. I discuss how the terms matrilineage and clan have been used to describe household and village organization and offer alternative suggestions for how kinship-based relationships might be more productively employed (and not employed) in archaeological interpretations of Iroquoian society.}, author = {Jennifer Birch} } @article {9497, title = {The Lands Edge Also: Culture History and Seasonality at the Partridge Island Shell Midden}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {017-037}, abstract = {

The inter-relationships among stratigraphy, seasonality and culture history at the Partridge Island site, a prehistoric shell midden located in the Quoddy region of southern New Brunswick, dating between 2400 and 1550 B.P. are described and discussed. It is concluded that Early and Middle Woodland cultural components are represented at the site, and that distinct faunal assemblages, restricted to particular layers and representing particular seasons of occupation, are present at the site.

}, author = {Jennifer C. Bishop and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10135, title = {GIS and Artifact Classification at Urban Sites in Central Mexico}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Artifact classification and spatial analysis traditionally are distinct procedures. In large settlements containing considerable socioeconomic and ethic differentiation, however, artifact classificatory taxa developed without regard for context may be meaningful over only limited areas of the site. The analytical facilities available in different GISs allow one to integrate analyses of artifact characteristics more tightly with analyses of spatial context. This procedure has enhanced our ability to meaningfully classify maize-grinding tool in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico.}, author = {BISKOWSKI, Martin F.} } @article {9498, title = {Teaching Complexity and Ambiguity in an Introductory World Prehistory Course}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {001-020}, abstract = {

Teaching an introductory-level archaeology and world prehistory course in a university is challenging because the instructor must balance the need for comprehensive coverage against the risk of superficiality that would impede student understanding of the discipline. This paper is a personal account of the use of an interactive role-playing laboratory exercise to teach archaeological field and laboratory methods in a context of hypothesis testing. The interaction between theory and research design, and the potential influence of the archaeologists\’ intellectual history on interpretation are strongly emphasized. The topics explored are the \“Neanderthal problem\” and the origins of complex cognition, interrelated issues which are subject to currently unresolved debate. This exercise has demonstrated that first-year students are capable of understanding and manipulating complex and occasionally conflicting data to produce an effective scientific argument. Although this has been a successful pedagogical technique, the labor cost to the instructor and the teaching assistants is very high.

}, author = {Michael S. Bisson} } @Conference Paper {10138, title = {Middle Archaic Sites and Artifacts from Charlotte County, New Brunswick}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaic archaeology in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, has long been essentially unexplored. Of the more than 200 registered archaeological sites in the county, fewer than 5\% are located more than 500 metres from a marine shoreline; and, as a result of shoreline erosion, the coastal archaeological record is effectively truncated at 2500 B.P. Thus, archaeological research has focused on the Maritime Woodland and Historic period coastal sites. However, over the years, occasional Middle Archaic artifacts have been recovered from offshore in scallop drags. More recently, archaeological sites located on lake margins in the interior of the county have yielded Middle Archaic assemblages. Here we summarize the current state of Archaic archaeology in Charlotte County.}, author = {BLACK, David and Brent D. Suttie} } @Conference Paper {10142, title = {Kineo-Traveler Mountain Porphyry and Sea Mink Bones}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {For several decades, naturalists and historians have questioned whether the Sea Mink, Mustela macrodon, an extinct species whose distribution is centered on the coast of Maine, also lived in the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. A recent find of Sea Mink bones, associated with the Late Maritime Woodland component at the Weir site, Bliss Islands, helps to answer this question. The association of the bones with artifacts made from Kineo-Traveler Mountain porphyry, an exotic lithic material from central Maine, suggests these remains do not represent Sea Mink living in the Quoddy Region. Rather, they probably represent artifacts brought by Native people from Maine to New Brunswick about 1000-1200 years ago.}, author = {David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10137, title = {Seasonality of Modern and Archaeological Soft-Shelled Clams From the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Recently, there has been some controversy regarding interpretations; of the seasonality of prehistoric shellfishing on the Northeast coast of North America. In this paper, a study of the seasonality of soft-shelled clams, Mya arenaria, the most common archaeological shellfish in northern New England and Maritime provinces sites, is reported. Eighty-eight modern clams from the Quoddy region, and 266 archaeological clams from 9 prehistoric sites in the insular Quoddy region, were thin-sectioned, and their growth patterns analyzed. A model of the annual growth cycle of the clams is presented. The seasonality of prehistoric shellfishing is interpreted in light of this model. In the insular Quoddy region, shellfishing appears to have been predominantly a spring/early summer activity; however, there is evidence for seasonality differences among sites and for changes in seasonality through time.}, author = {David W. Black and Annette Wilkins} } @Conference Paper {10146, title = {History, Geology and Archaeology of the Washademoak Lake Chert Source, Queens County, New Brunswick}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Belyeas Cove on Washademoak Lake, Queens County, is the only primary bedrock source of chert in New Brunswick known to have been exploited by Native people. The Washademoak Lake chert source was documented in the nineteenth century, but until recently received little attention from archaeologists or geologists in the twentieth century. Here we present preliminary accounts of the history, archaeology and geology of the source. Washademoak multi-coloured chert is found as lenses and nodules which occur in a limestone breccia within the Pennsylvanian-aged Cumberland Group (McLeod et al. 1994a). Native people living in the lower St. John River Valley used this chert to make flaked stone tools during the Woodland period. At present little is known about use of the chert during other periods, or of its distribution beyond the lower St. John Valley.}, author = {David W. Black and Lucy A. Wilson} } @Conference Paper {10141, title = {Maritime Peninsula Lithic Material Acquisition and Exchange: Looking Through the Bliss Island Lens}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {During the past two decades, exploring patterns of lithic material acquisition and exchange has become a significant focus of prehistoric archaeological research on the Maritime Peninsula. Studies have determined sources of specific lithic materials, as well as local and subregional exploitation patterns of those materials. Progress also is being made in tracing distributions of specific exotic materials, and defining suites of lithic materials within specific periods and subregions. Although the details are only now beginning to emerge, it appears that, through time, Native people participated in a series of lithic material acquisition and exchange systems. These systems varied in scale and duration; they sometimes developed within the Maritime Peninsula, and sometimes intersected it from outside. Here we examine variability in the lithic material assemblages of a single point in the Maritimes landscape-the Bliss Islands group, Quoddy Region, N.B.-produced through Native participation in lithic material acquisition and exchange systems from the Terminal Archaic through the Late Maritime Woodland.}, author = {David W. Black and Elissa L. Atkinson and Elizabeth N. Gorman} } @Conference Paper {10136, title = {The George Frederick Clarke Artifact Collection: Canoe and Portage Connections}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Dr. George Frederick Clarke (1883{\textendash}1974), a dentist and author, and an avocational archaeologist and historian, wrote the first book-length work devoted largely to the pre-contact archaeology of New Brunswick, and was awarded an honorary PhD by the University of New Brunswick. In 2006, his collection of 2700 artifacts and associated notes and records were donated to UNB by the Clarke family. Dr. Clarke{\textquoteright}s archaeological activities coincided with a time when little professional archaeological work was being conducted in the province, and many of the sites he found and explored were submerged, subsequently, beneath the head-ponds of hydro-electric dams. Thus, his work is important for its potential contributions to constructing regional archaeological history and for its place in the history of Canadian archaeology. One potential contribution is the light the Clarke collection may shed on the portage route between the headwaters of the Tobique and Miramichi river systems, which spans the traditional territories of the Wolastoqiyik and the Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq.}, author = {David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10145, title = {PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE AND SEASONALITY IN THE INSULAR QUODDY REGION: BIOCHEMICAL, ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE APPROACHES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Prehistoric subsistence and seasonality in the insular Quoddy region, New Brunswick, are being studied through stable isotope analyses of carbonized encrustations on ceramic vessels, niche width analyses of vertebrate and invertebrate faunal assemblages, and season-of death analyses of soft-shelled clams and mammal teeth. This paper presents results to date from the application of these techniques. Data are drawn from nine sites (15 cultural/stratigraphic components) dating ca. 2400 BP to ca. 400 BP. Warm season occupations of insular locations, focused on the exploitation of littoral resources, predominate; however, there is evidence for changes in the intensity and scheduling of resource exploitation, and in the specific resources exploited, during this period.}, author = {Black, David B.} } @Conference Paper {10140, title = {{\textquoteright}Strata as a Complex Patchwork": Stratification and Stratigraphic Analysis of the Weir Site}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The Weir site, located on the Bliss Islands in the insular Quoddy region of southern New Brunswick, is a large deep, complexly and distinctly stratified shell midden in an unusually intact state of preservation. The site was occupied from ca. 2400 B.P. to ca. 1200 B.P. An excavated area of 22m2 contains 15 major layers and features, most of which are internally stratified. The site has been analyzed using the techniques developed by Edward Harris, Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. In this paper the stratigraphy of the site is summarized, and some general issues in the stratigraphic analysis of anthropogenic deposits, such as shell middens, are addressed.}, author = {David W. Black and Becky A. Southern and Pamela E. Kaufman} } @Conference Paper {10144, title = {Rum Beach and the Susquehanna Tradition in the Quoddy Region, Charlotte County, New Brunswick}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In 1972, Dena Dincause defined the {\textquoteright}Atlantic phase{\textquoteright} as the earliest part of the Susquehanna tradition in southern New England, based, in part, on artifacts from an intertidal archaeological site in Massachusetts. In 1993, an intertidal site was recorded at Rum Beach on the Bliss Islands, Quoddy Region, Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Here I describe the Rum Beach site (BgDq24) and artifacts recovered from it, present evidence that the site represents a late Susquehanna tradition occupation of the Bliss Islands, and consider the implications of the site for understanding and further exploring the Terminal Archaic/Maritime Woodland transition in the Quoddy Region.}, author = {David W. Black} } @article {9500, title = {Rum Beach and the Susquehanna Tradition in the Quoddy Region, Charlotte County, New Brunswick}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {089-106}, abstract = {

In 1972, Dena Dincause defined the Atlantic phase as the earliest part of the Susquehanna tradition in southern New England, based, in part, on artifacts from an intertidal archaeological site in Massachusetts. In 1993, an intertidal site was recorded at Rum Beach on the Bliss Islands, Quoddy Region, Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Here I describe the Rum Beach site (BgDq24) and artifacts recovered from it, present evidence that the site represents a late Susquehanna tradition occupation of the Bliss Islands, and consider the implications of the site for understanding and further exploring the transition from Terminal Archaic to Maritime Woodland cultures in the Quoddy Region.

}, author = {David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10139, title = {SOURCES OF EXOTIC LITHICS FROM LATE WOODLAND COMPONENTS ON THE BLISS ISLANDS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The Bliss Islands archaeological site inventory includes three Late Maritime Woodland (CP4-CP5) components dating ca. 1,050-1,350 BP (ca. AD 600-900), which contain significant amounts of exotic flaked lithic artifacts and debitage. We have conducted hand-specimen examinations and thin-sectioned selected lithics to identify the materials represented, and have compared them to samples from known sources on the Maritime Peninsula, to determine the sources of the exotic lithics. Our research shows that, at least on the Bliss Islands, the use of most exotic lithics is restricted to a relatively brief period. We conclude that native people living on the islands at that time acquired lithic materials that originated from widely separated sources in northern interior Maine, interior New Brunswick, the Minas Basin of Nova Scotia, and, perhaps, from Prince Edward Island and Quebec}, author = {BLACK, David and Lucy Wilson and Shianne L. MACDONALD} } @Conference Paper {10143, title = {Sources g{\'e}ologiques et distributions arch{\'e}ologiques de chert translucide au Nouveau-Brunswick}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {David W. Black and Blair, Susan E. and Brent D. Suttie} } @Conference Paper {10147, title = {Here{\textquoteright}s Looking at You: Ancient Maya Mirrors, Part 2 (Iconographic and Epigraphic Instances of Iron Ore Mosaic Mirrors in Ancient Maya Art)}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The most prominent occurrence of ancient Maya iron-ore mirrors beyond those excavated archaeologically arises in their depiction in artistic works. The images on painted polychrome ceramics demonstrate mirrors functioning as principal objects in the royal court. Within this elite context, the iconographic evidence demonstrates that the mirrors were meant to be gazed into, but exactly what this gazing indicates is a much more elusive consideration. A consistent patterning of depictions provides the basis for a typology of physical mirror styles. Furthermore, the contexts in which mirrors are represented relative to the associated human actors in the painted scenes suggests possible renderings of the emic function of these objects in ancient Maya religion and socio-political environments. Supplementing the iconographic evidence, the analysis of hieroglyphs associated with the luminescent qualities of mirrors will work towards an interpretive model of a reflective surface complex of ancient Maya cosmology.}, author = {Marc G. Blainey and Healy, Paul F.} } @Conference Paper {10156, title = {Inside the Jemseg Crossing Project}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Oral traditions and widely disseminated anecdotes often develop around large, complex excavation projects. In some cases, however, important stories are less widely circulated. In this paper, we will present an insider{\textquoteright}s view of some of the key events of the Jemseg Crossing Archaeology Project. This project was both contentious and innovative. It involved unprecedented levels of cooperation between the Province of New Brunswick, and Wolastoqiyik individuals and communities, and has been the largest mitigation project in Atlantic Canada to date. A key to the many successes of this project was the diplomacy, support and vision of Dr. Chris Turnbull.}, author = {Susan Blair and Christopher R. Blair} } @Conference Paper {10151, title = {Bulk procurement and transportation in the Saint John River valley}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {While archaeologists studying stone tool assemblages have devoted considerable attention to relationships among technology, raw material procurement and mobility, most of this attention has focused on the influence of mobility upon technology, and not on the influence of technology upon mobility. This particular focus has led to some oversimplifications in the modeling of hunter-gatherer socio-ecology and mobility, and an emphasis on pedestrian movements. In turn, this emphasis has significantly influenced our treatment of efficiency, reduction for transport, and technological organization. In this paper I discuss my recent research into technology and lithic reduction on the Maritime Peninsula, and examine some of the implications of bulk transportation with watercraft for analyses of hunter-gatherer mobility, lithic technology, and patterning in the archaeological record.}, author = {Blair, Susan E.} } @Conference Paper {10155, title = {THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT OF GRAND MANAN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE GRAND MANAN ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT, PHASE II}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The Grand Manan Archaeology Project was conducted during the summer of 1995, and entailed collections research, survey and excavations conducted in the Grand Manan Archipelago, in southwestern New Brunswick. Research into private and public (museum) collections revealed traces of settlement extending back into the Archaic period. Extensive foot surveys and the partial excavation of two prehistoric archaeological sites augmented this information. The Newton{\textquoteright}s Point site (BeDq-11), a shell-free coastal site, produced lithic debitage and cultural material dating to the Late Maritime Woodland period (approximately 1,000 years ago). The identification of imported (exotic) and local materials suggests the role that Grand Manan played in the regional trade networks that developed during the Late Woodland period. The Baird site (BdDq-3) is an extensive, shallow shell-bearing site composed of several Maritime Woodland and historic period components. In addition, several previously unrecorded prehistoric archaeological sites were identified, but not excavated. This paper will present preliminary results of the Grand Manan Archaeology Project, and discuss the implications of this research for regional culture history.}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10150, title = {Looking for Bliss: Excavations at an Early Loyalist Site in the Insular Quoddy Region, New Brunswick}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper presents preliminary results of historic archaeology conducted as part of the Bliss Islands Archaeology Project, phase III. In spite of Black{\textquoteright}s concerns about the state of preservation of historic materials, and his pessimism regarding the likelihood of finding historic artifacts pre-dating 1850, last summer the authors surveyed and tested the Bliss Islands in search of early historic period occupations. Black{\textquoteright}s concerns were laid to rest when testing revealed the remains of a distinctly stratified, virtually undisturbed, early loyalist occupation dating ca 1783-1803. The site (BgDr-66) is believed to be part of the homestead of Samuel Bliss, the Loyalist Lieutenant : for whom. the islands are named. It is adjacent to one of the most attractive natural harbours in the region, and overlooks the West Isles and the marine approaches to Passamaquoddy Bay. Bliss specifically requested a land grant, of these islands from the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. With the support of Archaeological Services of New Brunswick, and a SSHRC grant to Black, University of New Brunswick fieldschool students excavated 20 m2 of the site under the authors{\textquoteright} direction. A diverse assemblage of ceramic, metal and glass artifacts, construction materials and faunal remains, totalling ca. 15,000 specimens, was recovered. This material will form the basis for Blair{\textquoteright}s M.A. thesis in Material History at UNB.}, author = {Christopher R. Blair and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10154, title = {Ordering the End of the Preceramic in the Maritime Peninsula: A Bayesian Analysis of Radiometric Dates}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Recent research in the estuary of the St. John River valley, of south-central New Brunswick, Canada, has expanded our knowledge of human settlement and behaviour during the Terminal Archaic (Preceramic) and Maritime Woodland (Ceramic) period. When this new information is added to a sequence provided by previously excavated sites (especially Fulton Island BlDn-12 and Cow Point BlDn-2), the result is a suite of 31 radiometric dates ranging from the Late Archaic (3980{\textpm}70 uncal bp) to the Middle Maritime Woodland period (1590{\textpm}40 uncal bp). Bayesian statistics can provide insight into relationships between these dates and our models for diachronic patterning in the archaeological record. Using results generated by BCal (a calibration and statistics software program administered by Dr. C. Buck on the University of Sheffield mainframe), I will discuss these relationships and what they suggest about continuity in the archaeological record, both within the lower St. John River sequence, and in terms of broader regional archaeological manifestations during this period of ambiguity in the regional archaeological record.}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10149, title = {Feeling the Elephant: Early Maritime Woodland Components from South Central New Brunswick}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Recent research in the Maritime Peninsula has begun to weave together a coherent sequence that extends through most of the Holocene. However, the period from 3100 to 2200 years ago (the Early Maritime Woodland period) remains poorly understood, and has been represented primarily by chronologically suggestive surface finds, unique mortuary sites, and very few, small habitation sites. In New Brunswick, these finds have suggested broad macroregional linkages with complexes in Great Lakes basin and the central US, including such nebulous archaeological entities as {\textquoteright}Meadowood{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}Adena{\textquoteright}, and {\textquoteright}Middlesex{\textquoteright}. This speculation has led some to characterize Early Woodland research as the proverbial blind men describing an elephant. To the one handling the trunk it is like a snake; to the one handling the leg it is like a tree, and to the one handling the tail it is like a stick... While this period remains enigmatic, recent excavations of sites in the Maritime Peninsula have presented researchers with new opportunities. The Jemseg Crossing site in south central New Brunswick affords one such opportunity. A partial mitigation of this site produced over 50 habitation features, most of which date to between 3100 and 2000 years ago. Preliminary analysis suggest that three phases can be distinguished within this period: a small early aceramic component (ca. 3100 to 2800 bp), a middle component (ca. 2800 to 2400 bp), reminiscent of Great Lakes Early Woodland complexes, and a late component (ca. 2400 to 2000 bp) showing local elaboration. This paper will describe the material from these periods and discuss changes and continuities in the patterning of technology, raw material procurement and settlement with an eye to developing a local framework and integrating it into a larger regional setting.}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10158, title = {L{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution du peuplement et de la technologie entre l{\textquoteright}Archa{\"\i}que terminal et le Sylvicole maritimien moyen dans la r{\'e}gio}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10153, title = {Public Archaeology at the Enclosure Provincial Park}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In recent years, the Archaeology Branch of the province of New Brunswick bas been actively pursuing a policy to develop an awareness of archaeology in the public, both at a local level and through tourism. This has been accomplished through a number of programs. This paper will discuss their development and implementation. A prime example of such programming is the Enclosure Provincial Park project. The Enclosure Provincial Park, on the Miramichi River, was the site of excavations in 1990 and 1991. These excavations revealed evidence of habitation in the 18th and 19th centuries by Acadian, Planter, Loyalist and later settlers. During both of these field seasons the public and the local community were involved in all activities at the site through volunteer programs, site tours, interpretation, and community events. This project and others like it are attempting to invest local groups in archaeology by developing direct links between people and the archaeological past. This paper will discuss this and other projects in terms of the shift from private to public archaeological research, and in practical terms, examining benefits and pitfalls of the potential for public involvement in both the excavation process and the narration of the archaeological record.}, author = {Susan Blair} } @Conference Paper {10148, title = {YHE NORTHEAST POINT SITE: A SINGLE COMPONENT OCCUPATION WITHOUT MIDDENS, ON THE BLISS ISLANDS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Northeast Point Site (BgDq-7) is the only known non-shell midden prehistoric site on the Bliss Islands. This site type is unusual in the Quoddy region, and thus, Northeast Point offers insights into aspects of prehistory different from those represented in shell midden sites. The site apparently represents a short-term, single component occupation dating to ca. 1400 BP. Organic preservation is poor; however, lithic artifacts and debitage occur at higher densities than in any of the other components sampled on the islands. This paper describes the location, structure and contents of the site, and discusses how interpretations of it have changed since its discovery in 1981.}, author = {Christopher R. Blair and BLACK, David} } @Conference Paper {10157, title = {Introduction to "Nurturing Archaeology in the Maritimes" and the Career of Chris Turnbull}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {When Dr. Christopher Turnbull began his tenure as Provincial Archaeologist for New Brunswick in 1972, there was little in the way of archaeological policy, legislation, infrastructure, or research in the province. He personally assumed a mandate to build the best archaeological program in the country, and for the next 30 years, he pursued this goal with imagination, dedication and passion. He developed systematic, strong relationships with First Nations communities and individuals. He nurtured archaeological researchers, both within government, and within Canadian Universities. He created a structure and organization for the effective administration of heritage resource management. All this he accomplished with little acclaim or recognition. In this session we will review these accomplishments, and reflect on the significant impact that Chris Turnbull has had on Canadian archaeology.}, author = {Susan Blair and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10152, title = {Developing a Database for Evaluating and Exploiting Archaeological Site Information from Charlotte County, New Brunswick}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {During the past two years, the authors have been using the computer program PARADOX to develop a database for standardizing and organizing information concerning archaeological sites in Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Basic information was drawn from the Canadian Heritage information Network and has been supplemented by information from the records of Archaeological Services of New Brunswick, from published and unpublished reports, and from the authors{\textquoteright} field reconnaissance. In its present form, the database consists of 37 fields containing descriptive, locational, geomorphological, chronological and excavation information on 195 formally recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites. The database has been designed as a research tool; examples of the types of questions that can be generated and addressed through the database are illustrated.}, author = {Blair, Susan E. and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10159, title = {The Bilodeau Site Near Missisquoi Bay: Postmolds, Fishbones and Corn Ear Motif}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In 1990, during a survey, a Saint Lawrence Iroquoian pot sherd was found on the Bilodeau site. This site is located on the Pike River, five kilometres upstream from Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain. During the summer of 1991, the excavation of 30 square metres in the area of this find, revealed the presence of a fishing camp. More than 80 postrnolds were found, delimiting a small oval habitation. The analysis of the ceramics demonstrates the presence of the Saint Lawrence Iroquoians in the area around AD 1450. We will give here an overview of the findings and discuss the relations with Saint Lawrence Iroquoian data from southern Quebec.}, author = {Blais, Judith} } @Conference Paper {10160, title = {Mounds for the Ancestors: Ancient Burial Practices in the Coast Salish Region}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The construction of large-scale, permanent, and highly visible mortuary features has long been supposed to reflect the social and political dimensions of ancient societies. An example of such a mortuary tradition is the earthen burial mound and stone cairn complex which developed between 1500 and 500 years ago in the present-day Coast Salish region of the Northwest Coast. We suggest that this complex developed as a strategy to: (1) mark hereditary claims to economically important locations, (2) connect far-flung political networks of elites, and (3) differentiate between distinct social strata at the local level. Comparisons with similar mortuary complexes in other parts of the world suggest that cemeteries with visible mortuary monuments were often used to compensate for high settlement mobility, proximity to intensively used communication routes, and increased competition for settlement space and valued resources.}, author = {Michael BLAKE and Douglas R. BROWN} } @Conference Paper {10161, title = {The Prehistoric and Ethnographic Uses of Freshwater Bivalves on the Interior Plateau}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Three types of edible freshwater bivalves, Margaritifera margaritifera, Anodonta sp., and Goneidea angulata are present in archaeological sites on the Interior Plateau. Ethnographers report that mussels were rarely eaten, but archaeological evidence indicates that at one time large quantifies were gathered for food. Some hypotheses regarding the collecting and eating of freshwater mussels are offered: (1) The increase in mussel use as shown in several excavated sites seems to correspond to the start of the Altithermal at about 6000 B.C. During the medithermal, mussels became more difficult to obtain as their numbers diminished; (2) If Anodonta replaced Margaritifera as the predominant species, the taboo against shellfish eating might be explained by a preference for Margaritifera; and (3)During late prehistoric and early historic times mussels were collected towards the end of the winter when stored food supplies became exhausted.}, author = {Michael BLAKE} } @Conference Paper {10163, title = {Topographic Landscape Modeling at the Stampede Site (DjOn-26), Cypress Hills, Alberta.}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Mazama tephra is used as a stratigraphic marker to reconstruct the natural landscape of the Stampede Site; circa 6800 yrs BP. Mazama tephra was deposited throughout southern Alberta during the Hypsithermal, a period when the climate of the Northwestern Plains was warmer and drier than present day. Because the geomorphic systems of the Cypress Hills are sensitive to climatic changes landscape reconstruction during this time interval is critical in furthering our understanding of natural landscape formation and human occupation at the Stampede Site. Geoarchaeological techniques utilized in developing this topographic landscape reconstruction model as well as the results of this study will be presented.}, author = {Blakey, Janet} } @Conference Paper {10162, title = {Re-Visiting Cultural Historical Models for the Central Alberta Parklands: A Case Study from Genesee}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In this presentation traditional Cultural Historical Landuse models for the Central Alberta Parklands are evaluated in the light of recent archaeological and paleoenvironmental investigations Lifeways of Canada has undertaken in Genesee in 2003 and 2004. Previous archaeological studies of the Parkland environment have placed an emphasis on the transitional nature of the region located between the open grassland Prairies to the south and the closed Boreal Forest to the north. In this sense the cultural history of the region is seen to be inextricably linked with fluctuations in climate and environment over the last 10,000 years or more. This approach has greatly influenced interpretations generated from the Genesee Historical Resource studies, which still stands as one of the most inclusive studies of cultural resources found in the Parklands of Alberta. Recent investigations at Genesee have allowed staff from Lifeways of Canada to return to this study area twenty years after the fact, and readdress the question of how accurate this Parklands land use model is.}, author = {Blakey, Janet and Brian Vivian and Murray Lobb} } @Conference Paper {10164, title = {{\`a} la red{\'e}couverte des paysages du pass{\'e} : cartographie des anciens lits de rivi{\'e}re, des chutes, des plages et des grottes}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Steve Blasco and Andrew Promaine and Jim Shearer and Mike Lewis and Bill Fox} } @Conference Paper {10165, title = {Documentary Context and its Importance: Preliminary Research Into a Nineteenth Century Toronto China Merchant}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Most documents, according to Robert Schuyler, give us direct insight into emic phenomena and indirect views of behaviour (etic). This paper will examine how these two dimensions have been considered and incorporated into research on one of Torontos most prominent nineteenth century China merchants, Glover Harrison, and his King Street shop {\textquoteright}China Hall{\textquoteright}. A cracked maker{\textquoteright}s mark uncovered during the 1990 excavation of {\textquoteright}Gore Vale{\textquoteright} in Trinity Bellwoods Park initiated an often unique search for this obscure cont-ributor to Toronto{\textquoteright}s commercial history.}, author = {Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10167, title = {Community Archaeology at Bonnechere Provincial Park and Murphy{\textquoteright}s Point Provincial Park}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The evolution and results of a one-week integrated educational archaeology opportunity at Bonnechere Provincial Park in 2001 will be discussed and evaluated. This unique experiential program served as the catalyst for an even more structured and focussed approach at Murphy{\textquoteright}s Point Provincial Park in 2004 and 2005. Various complimentary program components will be highlighted and critiqued. These will be incorporated into a proposal for a "new community archaeology", and its pertinence to elementary school classes.}, author = {Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10166, title = {Access to Archaeology: The Ontario Archaeological Society{\textquoteright}s Education Resource Kits}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In 1991, the Ontario archaeological Society received an Access to Archaeology Programme grant from the Federal Department of Communications to develop a series of education resource kits for schools. A most positive and productive alliance between the Region of Peel Museum and the OAS resulted in a series of kits which feature an overview of Aboriginal prehistory and contact with Europeans, as understood from archaeological investigation. The kits are distributed to schools and other groups by participating local Ontario museums in partnership with the OAS. This paper will outline the various phases which led to the official launch of the {\textquoteright}Discovering Ontario Archaeology{\textquoteright} kit in 1992: design and assembly; promotion and administration; and distribution and maintenance. A {\textquoteright}DOA{\textquoteright} kit, complete with reproduction artifacts, cultural booklets, teachers{\textquoteright} directory, activity sheets and lesson plans will be available for examination during the duration of the CAA annual meeting.}, author = {Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10168, title = {Fire and Acid: Implications of South Italian Pastoralism for the Archaeobotanical Record}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Collections of ovicaprid faecal pellets from 4 flocks in diverse environments were undertaken over a year in semi-arid Basilicata, southern Italy. During the initial months of ethnographic field research, I became increasingly aware of the impact of sheep and goats on the landscape, particularly the flora. A number of informants indicated that one particular plant or another had been brought into pastures by their flock. This information and my observations of flocks moving in their daily pasture rounds across the highly varied mosaic of vegetational zones, led me to collect sheep and goat faecal pellets to investigate their contents for evidence of ovicaprids{\textquoteright} roles in disseminating plants across environments. It also seemed probable that the effect of the ruminant digestive process on seeds is pivotal to understanding the composition of the local flora. Research undertaken by L. Salamone and E. Gambacorta at the Universit{\`a} degli Studi della Basilicata, and of L. Costantini (IsMEO, Rome) in Baluchistan provide supporting evidence of a mutualistic relationship between plants whose reproduction is largely dependent upon being consumed and digested, and the ovicaprids which consume them. This does not mean that {\textquoteright}coevolution leads to obligate mutualisms{\textquoteright} (Blumler 1996:28), but rather that those seeds which survive and benefit from the digestive process have been selected for through grazing by ruminants, in addition to drought and fire. The goal of the faecal pellet analysis is to test the hypothesis that a number of pasture plant species, characterized by their resistance to ruminant digestion and a consequent enhancement of their reproductive success, have been selected for under sustained grazing pressure by ovicaprids. The current study is restricted to investigating which seeds survive intact in the faecal pellets, while a forthcoming study shall investigate the viability of these seeds. Finally, preliminary results from this study are compared to the archaeobotanical record in the area, with a brief discussion of the implications of these results.}, author = {BOAG, Franca} } @Conference Paper {10170, title = {A postscript on maximization of artifact recovery: methodological musings on multiple mesh}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In this paper we present results of a screening study which sought to investigate the effects of using different sized meshes for the recovery of archaeological data. The implications of using various sizes of screen mesh on types and frequencies of archaeological material are discussed within the confines of statistical sampling procedures. That the quality of results from archaeological excavations and the direction of interpretations of prehistory are closely linked with the methodology is difficult to question, yet the variety of opinions regarding which of the data recovery techniques is most accurate is considerable. Statistical sampling serves to elucidate this situation and provide some structure to the kind of archaeological interpretation that is based on retrieval systems. The goal of proper sampling centers on obtaining statistically valid samples of sites, features, or artifacts existing within a defined sampling universe. In all cases, properly executed sampling schemes assume that information recovery is complete. This working assumption can be accepted if the item in question can be recovered in total. This study examines the practical validity of these highly structured approaches to archaeological interpretation.}, author = {Bobrowsky, P. and Ball, B.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9023, title = {Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {251-252}, editor = {Peter T. Bobrowsky} } @Conference Paper {10169, title = {Intra and Inter-Assemblage Comparisons of Faunal Data Using Graphic and Moment Statistics}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {All unbiased faunal assemblages can be shown to be lognormally distributed. This phenomenon is not unique to faunal remains, and it can be shown that this type of distribution is a common property of many other elements including artifacts and sediments. In fact, geologists have recognized for sometime that most sedimentary deposits show a lognormal distribution, but that each distribution can show minor variations. For example, modality, mean grain sizes, etc. can vary from sample to sample. Several parameters can be identified as characterizing individual sediment assemblages and quantitative descriptive measures have been developed to summarize these parameters. These measures include: median, mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis. The measures can be obtained through conventional moment statistical calculations or by graphic plotting methods. Both of these approaches have proven to be very useful in geologic studies and now occupy routine positions in geologic research. By analogy, the same parameters exist for faunal assemblages and, therefore, the same descriptors can be used to compare various faunal samples. This study illustrates the importance of using the above measures with historic faunal data from north-central Alberta.}, author = {Peter T. Bobrowsky} } @Conference Paper {10171, title = {Armageddon in zooarchaeology, I: taphonomy}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Zooarchaeologists are now focusing part of their research interests toward recognizing variations in patterns of bone distribution and morphology in both natural and cultural deposits. Field observations and experimental studies are widely used by researchers to identify those factors which variably affect recoverable skeletal remains and to recognize those similarities and differences which are manifest in the bone remains themselves. In this study we introduce the need for establishing a rigorous quantitative approach to taphonomic studies by examining variations in attritional states of a single element. Qualitative and quantitative characterizations of a sample of scapulae from Banks Island, N.W.T. form an explanatory base. Results of this study are discussed in terms of existing accomplishments in taphonomy and purported goals of the discipline.}, author = {Bobrowsky, P. and J. Curtin} } @article {11933, title = {M{\'e}thodologie appliqu{\'e}e aux d{\'e}chets de fabrication en os : Reconstruire les chaines op{\'e}ratoires par l{\textquoteright}approche technologique / Methodology applied to bone manufacturing waste: Reconstructing the chaine op{\'e}ratoire using a technological approach}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {210-239}, abstract = {

This article presents the technological approach applied to the bone industry by using the principles of mental refitting developed by Aline Averbouh (2001). The main purpose of this study is to present methodological guidelines for the classification of bone refuse and by-products with examples drawn from the analysis of bones worked by St. Lawrence Iroquoians at the Mailhot-Curran site, Saint-Anicet, Quebec. This will provide an empirical model adapted to the analysis of the chaines op{\'e}ratoires and to distinct categories of bone refuse, blanks, roughouts, and also finished objects. Ultimately, our aim is to demonstrate the relevance of considering bone refuse in the reconstruction of technological sequences, as well as in the understanding of socioeconomic and cultural systems.

}, author = {Marie-{\`E}ve Boisvert} } @Conference Paper {10174, title = {The Glenn Family Homestead: Nineteenth Century Settlers and Public Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations at the Glenns{\textquoteright} first cabin have been open to university students and the general public for three seasons. Excavations around the building{\textquoteright}s perimeter and, more recently, through the living floor have helped to reveal the character of the buildings{\textquoteright} occupants and their use of the site since the 1870s. Public excavations and interpretations are considered for their validity and scientific relevance with regard to finds at the site. Other outreach efforts stemming from this site see the inclusion of historic archaeology in lessons to schoolchildren and the importance of context to historical interpretations in proposed reconstruction efforts.}, author = {Boland, Dale Elizabeth} } @Conference Paper {10173, title = {Arch{\'e}ologie du sous-sol : La cave {\`a} charbon et {\`a} vins de la maison Lougheed de Calgary}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Boland, Dale Elizabeth} } @Conference Paper {10172, title = {Broken Bottles and Bison Bones}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This presentation takes a look at the activities of the University of Calgary{\textquoteright}s Programme for Public Archaeology at Fish Creek Provincial Park during the 1999 field season. We discuss public involvement in the excavation of a prehistoric bison kill site and an early historic settlement site within the Calgary area (Fish Creek Provincial Park). Included in the discussion are programme promotion and publicity, the geo-topography of the Fish Creek area, as well as historic and prehistoric background information on both of the excavated sites. Also discussed is the continuation of the program through volunteer work in the lab and undergraduate analysis of the excavated material. We have realized that Public Archaeology is an area deserving further academic study and application. There are numerous archaeological programs that cater to the public within the United States, through university programs and programs offered by museums, but have found Canada, especially Alberta, generally lacking in such programs. The expansion of this Programme for Public Archaeology will lead to an increase in the visibility of students, and the Department of Archaeology within The University of Calgary on a community, provincial, and (hopefully) regional scale. As well, this programme may create new avenues for funding and a greater understanding of Alberta{\textquoteright}s cultural heritage resources.}, author = {Boland, Dale Elizabeth and Michelle Schatz and Christine Cluney} } @Conference Paper {10179, title = {A Preliminary Predictive Model for the Western Lake Nipigon Watershed}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Centre for Archaeological Resource Prediction (CARP) at Lakehead University is entering the third year of a three year research program conducted for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. A predictive model of prehistoric activity location is being developed for an area centering on Black Sturgeon Lake, southwest of Lake Nipigon. Using geographic information system software, a 2400 km2 block of land has been digitized to a scale of 30m x 30m. Primary data layers include a digital elevation model, stream order, slope, aspect, rapids and waterfalls, eskers, drainage, and geology. In addition, other data layers are being developed as a result of concurrent research into traditional boreal forest land uses. By examining the ethnographic and historic literature, an attempt is being made to reconstruct the traditional land use patterns of the prehistoric inhabitants of the region. The different activities conducted by native people and the resources targeted by some of these activities are being translated into digital cartographic data which in turn is being used in the creation of a preliminary model of prehistoric activity location.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10183, title = {I Know Exactly Where I am: Using GPS in Archaeology}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In February and March of 1992, a global positioning system device (GPS) was evaluated for use by arch-aeologists in the heavy bush of northern Ontario. Archacological site locations were visited in and around the City of Thunder Bay. Locational readings were taken using the GPS device and these readings were compared with existing site records. The GPS was evaluated in a variety of terrain and vegetation settings for accuracy of the locational readings, ease of use and (important for archaeologists) durability.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10178, title = {A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT IN THE SOURIS RIVER BASIN, SASKATCHEWAN}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {This research presents the results of the development of a predictive model for prehistoric settlement along the Souris River in southeastern Saskatchewan. The predictive model was developed using a visual possibility statement approach using a Geographic Information System. It was then tested with field survey and then subjected to subsequent revisions. The final predictive model accounts for between 77\% and 87\% of the sites in the study area. This paper presents a predictive model for the Souris River Basin in its final form with a discussion of the difficulties encountered in its development.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10182, title = {Archaeology by Prescription: Ensuring the Protection of Cultural Resources through Forest Management Planning}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The protection of known cultural values poses few problems in forest management planning. Known sites are easy to protect because once they are located, they tend not to move around too much. As long as the location of the value can be placed on a map, an appropriate reserve can be identified to ensure its protection. Difficulties arise when protecting presumed values; that is, values predicted to exist through modelling efforts, but for which no physical evidence has been verified and no exact locations identified. Current archaeological predictive models applied in Ontario can result in up to 18\% of a forest management unit as high archaeological potential, which in some cases can equal more than 150,000 hectares of unverified cultural value. This paper will introduce a discussion of methods for protecting cultural values which may not necessarily require complete avoidance of the value by the forest industry. It also discusses a range of cultural values currently being protected in Ontario, including the protection of social values as perceived and identified by native communities. Finally, this paper will discuss how it is imperative that all this information must be packaged in a manner that can be understood and implemented by forest planners, and in a language and format compatible with forest planning terminology and scheduling.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10177, title = {Explaining Prehistoric Activity Location in Northern Ontario}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper presents the preliminary results of a research project developing models of prehistoric land use. It stems from an associated research project where predictive models of prehistoric activity locations are being developed in an area of northern Ontario. Presently, the Centre for Archaeological Resource Prediction (CARP) at Lakehead University is conducting the research for this predictive modelling project where the development of predictive models of prehistoric activity location is the predominant research focus of this projet. These models however allow other aspects of prehistoric archaeological research to be investigated. While a predictive model of prehistoric activity location is a useful device for identifying potential archaeological sites, the methodology employed to develop a model can also be used to generate explanations why sites are located where they are. Previous archaeological research in the Black Sturgeon Lake area of northern Ontario has resulted in the identification of numerous archaeological sites ranging in age from historic to late Palaeo-Indian. Presently, a predictive model of prehistoric activity location is being developed for an area centering on Black Sturgeon Lake. using MAP II, a raster GIS, a 2400 km2 block of land has been digitized to a scale of 30m x 30m. Primary data layers include a digital elevation model, major water resources, minor rivers, minor lakes, and surficial geology. In addition, other data layers are being developed as a result of concurrent research into traditional boreal land uses. By examining the ethnographic and historic literature, many of the traditional uses of the boreal forest are being reconstructed. The different activities conducted by native people and the resources targeted by some of these activities are being translated into digital cartographie data. For example, Rogers (1966) describes the Mistassini Cree as congregating in large groups during the summer. The major activity at the time was fishing and later in the summer, berry collecting. One can confirm associations of existing archaeological sites with good fishing locations (through examination of fish productivity maps available through government agencies). Additionally, favourable berry picking areas can be identified. Blueberries tend to grow in specific areas. One variety can be found in predominantly moist woods, swamps and clearing while another variety grows in open, disturbed clearing. Using a GIS, areas with these characteristics can be identified in the study area and their association site locations can be evaluated. This paper will present the reconstruction of many of these land use activities. It is suggested that in addition to predicting where archaeological sites might be located, it is reasonable to expect that a model of catchment areas can be developed. Correlation of these catchment areas with specific site types may provide insight into the settlement system for the Black Sturgeon Lake area, and by extension the boreal forest north of Lake Superior.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA and Linda Larcombe} } @Conference Paper {10181, title = {Applying Predictive Models to 45 Million Hectares of Ontario}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) identifies and protects cultural resources through the forest management planning process. The problem that presents itself to cultural resource managers in northern Ontario, as well as much of the rest of the Canadian boreal forest, is one where the resources are known to exist, but their exact locations are unknown. So how does one manage a resource that we know exists but we don{\textquoteright}t know where it is? In the late 1980s, MNR identified archaeological predictive modelling as a means of addressing this situation and, given available knowledge, providing the best statement regarding the likelihood of archaeological resource existence. The MNR sponsored three years of research and development that led to a first generation predictive model. This was followed by three years of pilot projects which served to expand the applied base of the model from the original research and development area in northwestern Ontario and also to develop various means by which existing Ontario government digital databases can be incorporated into the archaeological predictive modelling process. The MNR is now at a stage where it is ready to employ archaeological predictive models as a cultural resource management tool in all new forest management plans - an area encompassing 45 million hectares of forested land.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10185, title = {A Predictive Model of Prehistoric Activity Location for Thunder Bay District, Ontario}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper will summarize in fifteen minutes, three years of research conducted for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources by the Centre for Archaeological Resource Prediction, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay. The result of this research is a predictive model of prehistoric activity location that combines two of the traditional methods for developing predictive models. An {\textquoteright}inductive archaeologist{\textquoteright}s model{\textquoteright} and a {\textquoteright}deductive cultural model{\textquoteright} are combined to develop maps presuming favourable locations for the existence of archaeological sites. Three examples of this model{\textquoteright}s application will be presented and avenues of future work will be discussed.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10176, title = {GIS-BASED HERITAGE RESOURCE PREDICTIVE MODELLING IN NORTHERN ONTARIO: A PILOT PROJECT}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {In 1990, Lakehead University began a pilot project studying the feasibility of developing predictive models of prehistoric settlement locations. More than 250,000 square kilometres of forest is leased for logging activities and virtually none of that land has been subjected to archaeological analysis. The project will organize its land base according to the Borden system to facilitate correspondence with archaeological management units. This has resulted in individual map sheets of 18.5km x 12km in size (608 rows x 397 columns per digital map). Each cell in the digital database represents 30m x 30m. This cell resolution allows for detailed mapping of the natural resource and archaeological database. In addition, LANDSAT TM data can be incorporated directly into this database. At the present time, two Borden blocks have been digitized: DhJf and DhJe. A variety of data layers have been generated including elevation, water resources, surface geology, drainage, transportation and utility corridors, and known archaeological sites. A preliminary predictive model has been generated but has not yet been subjected to field verification.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA and Scott Hamikon} } @Conference Paper {10180, title = {Visual Possibility Statements: A Preliminary Study into Predictive Modelling Using a Macintosh-Based Geographic Information System-Map II}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {This paper will present the preliminary results of an investigation into the prediction of possible areas of site location based upon known locations of prehistoric sites in British Columbia{\textquoteright}s Thompson River Valley. A Macintosh-based Geographic Information System (GIS) called MAP 11 was employed to examine an area of approximately 725 square kilometers of the Thompson River between Spence{\textquoteright}s Bridge and Ashcroft. Archaeological information concerning known site locations, functions and temporal associations and {\textquoteright}natural variables{\textquoteright} such as elevation and hydrology were each stored on a different digital {\textquoteright}map{\textquoteright}. Using the GIS to essentially {\textquoteright}add{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}subtract{\textquoteright} these separate maps, an attempt was made to determine if associations exist between areas of site location and these {\textquoteright}natural variables{\textquoteright}. The GIS was subsequently employed to identify localities exhibiting potential for these same associations. The resulting maps (labelled visual possibility statements) have the potential for providing insight into undiscovered areas of site locations.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10184, title = {Helping Out the Foresters: Predicting Heritage Resource Localities}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In June 1991, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Centre for Archaeological Resource Prediction at Lakehead University initiated a research project to develop predictive models of prehistoric settlement location in the boreal forest north of Thunder Bay, Ontario. A GIS based predictive-modelling approach will be developed using a wide variety of sources including existing archaeological data, new archaeological survey data, informant data, ethnographic/historic data and geographical/geomorphological data. This paper will present the results of the first year of this project.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA and Scott Hamilton} } @Conference Paper {10175, title = {Addressing Archaeological Predictive Modelling / Les mod{\'e}les de pr{\'e}vision arch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In February 1997, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) hosted a workshop that brought together a diverse group of archaeologists and professionals. The focus of this workshop was the use of predictive modelling as a resource management tool and the most appropriate way in which that tool could be used in a boreal forest environment. Discussions were topic specific and did not focus on the use of a specific computer technology. Although it was clear that GIS is an important tool for conducting predictive modelling, discussions did not focus on that technology. Rather discussions and presentations focussed on modelling issues. The technology was secondary. The result of this workshop was not a series of papers that trumpeted one{\textquoteright}s mastery of a particular analytical module in a specific GIS package. Rather it was about addressing archaeological predictive modelling: the types of data one should consider; the means by which one could verify a model (statistical as well as survey approaches); incorporating non-geographical data into models (social data); and the means by which one can take a model and apply it to the real world. GIS and technology figure into it, but are not the focus of it. This paper will summarize the results of that workshop and put it into the context of the MNR{\textquoteright}s archaeological predictive modelling program.}, author = {Luke DALLA BONA} } @Conference Paper {10186, title = {Traitement des zones {\`a} faible potentiel dans les mod{\'e}les pr{\'e}dictifs utilis{\'e}s dans la r{\'e}gion des sables bitumineux}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Tara Bond} } @Conference Paper {10187, title = {Souplesse du r{\^o}le assign{\'e} {\`a} chacun des sexes et intervention sociale en arch{\'e}ologie pal{\'e}oesquimaude ancienne}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Sarah Bonesteel} } @Conference Paper {10188, title = {Orientations actuelles et futures en arch{\'e}ologie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}Universit{\'e} McMaster}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Sarah Bonesteel and S.Brooke Milne and Christine Cluney and Bathurst, Rhonda and Meghan Burchell and Peter Bangarth} } @article {9501, title = {Integrating Faunal Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {109-133}, abstract = {

One of the most important sources of information for reconstructing man\&$\#$39;s adaptive response to prehistoric environments is the faunal remains found in archaeological sites. This paper develops the view that faunal remains are not randomly distributed in archaeological sites; they may reflect patterned human behavior and may covary with other classes of archaeological data. A computer based data banking system is presented which may be used as a rapid organizational tool for isolating patterns in large and small quantities of faunal data. The interpretation of variance calls for the use of an interdisciplinary approach which entails a high degree of interaction between specialists throughout the project during the planning stages and during the interpretation of analytical results. Case example analyses of data from the Passamaquoddy Bay Archaeological Research Project, New Brunswick, are presented. The study is concluded with the suggestion that the acceptance of data banking methods and standardized systematics may provide the key for shifting the focus of faunal analysis research. These methods may permit analysts to change their focus from site specific studies to the consideration of cross-culture comparative questions regarding man\&$\#$39;s utilization of the faunal resource.

}, author = {Robson Bonnichsen and David Sanger} } @Conference Paper {10189, title = {New Techniques for Recovering and Analyzing Ancient Human and Animal Hair}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Human and animal hair appears to be an important source of information that is routinely overlooked at some archaeological and paleontological sites. Hair has the potential to make contributions to our understanding of paleoecology, paleontology, and human prehistory. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the techniques and values of hair recovery by using a case study from the Mammoth Meadow site, southwestern Montana. Archaeological research conducted at the Mammoth Meadow site (24BE559) has led to the discovery of a deeply stratified workshop-habitation site with a Holocene and late Pleistocene archaeological record, which contains numerous flaked stone artifacts, animal bones, and features that date from the time of white contact to the end of the Pleistocene. A human and animal hair record occurs below a tephra lens that has been identified as Glacier Peak volcanic ash that is dated 11,000 yrs B.P. at a number of localities in the western United States. Hair and other organic remains including plant debris, fish scales, and feathers, occur in anaerobic silt and clay deposits at and below the water table. By using a process of pre-soaking sediments in sodium hexametaphosphate, it has been possible to disaggregate the hair from silts and clays and to use screen washing and flotation techniques to routinely collect human and animal hair. At the Center for the Study of the First Americans a series of related studies have been initiated. R. Ervin Taylor, U.C. Riverside is attempting to date hair keratin by AMS C-14 method. Drawing on Oregon State University Fish and Wildlife Department study skin collection, which contains over 8,000 specimens, Kate Rendich is: (1) developing comparative control samples of hair mounted on slides; (2) mounting hairs from, Mammoth Meadow; (3) using a video-digital imagery system to compare the known samples with unknown specimens. AdditionaIly, Walt Rearn, Agricultural Chemistry and Katherine Field, Microbiology, are attempting to determine if DNA can routinely be extracted from ancient hair. Results of these related projects will be reported at the conference.}, author = {Robson Bonnichsen and Katherine FIELD and Walter REAM and Ervin TAYLOR and Kate RENDICH} } @Conference Paper {10191, title = {The Circle Unfolds: Towards an Understanding of the Traditional Cosmology of the Piik_ni and Sioux Peoples / {\textquoteright}Le cercle r{\'e}v{\'e}l\&eacu}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {For many North American Native people, the circle represents the cycle of life. It is a symbol of infinity and interconnectedness. However, this belief transcends the boundaries of the physical world; its inception lies within the spiritual world. As such, there exists a reciprocal relationship between the spiritual and the terrestrial worlds and such a relationship is reflected by the American Indian through certain actions and rituals. It is my intent in this paper to examine the idea of numerical symbolism, and especially interpretations of the number 4, within the context of the sweat and the Sun Dance ceremonies of the Piik_ni and Siouan peoples and how such symbolism provides evidence of a connection for these people between themselves and their cosmos.}, author = {BOSCH, Katherine A.} } @Conference Paper {10190, title = {The 2001 Mackenzie River Delta Heritage Resource Survey}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper is an overview of the Mackenzie River Delta Heritage Resource Survey undertaken by Inuvialuit Environmental \& Geotechnical and Bison Historical Services in 2001. The main objective of the survey was to provide a greater understanding of known and potential heritage site distribution patterns on both Crown and Inuvialuit Private Lands within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in order to aid industry with planning and route selection. Traditional knowledge research from the communities of Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, and Aklavik was integrated with archival research to form the foundation for the field portion of the survey. The field portion of the survey consisted of a systematic aerial and ground reconnaissance of potentially sensitive terrain in areas where various natural gas exploration and development activities were planned for the winter 2001/2002 season. The Mackenzie River Delta Heritage Resource Survey resulted in the identification of 175 new sites, and the successful geo-location of 84 previously documented sites.}, author = {Bosch, Katherine and Don HANNA} } @article {11040, title = {The Archaeological Legacy of Dr. Edward Van Cortlandt}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {294-326}, abstract = {

The discovery of unambiguous evidence identifying the location of an ancient aboriginal burial ground on the shore of the Ottawa River in the core of Canada{\textquoteright}s capital region has opened important new lines of inquiry relevant to the origins of Canadian archaeology, the formation of the country{\textquoteright}s first museums and the role played by the Ottawa physician and antiquarian Dr.\ Edward Van Cortlandt in the early investigation and exhibition of Canada{\textquoteright}s prehistoric past.

}, author = {Randy Boswell and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10192, title = {The Anthropology of Underwater Archaeological Sites}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The study of culture through the study of archaeological materials must be the goal of underwater archaeology as it is in terrestrial archaeology. This paper sets forth a taxonomic system for underwater sites based on cultural activities related to these sites{\textquoteright} creation. The system, therefore, presupposes a goal beyond the study of artifacts in isolation from the culture which produced them.}, author = {Botwick, Brad and Gary BREWER} } @Conference Paper {10193, title = {A Dugout Canoe from Northeastern New Brunswick}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {A remarkably well-preserved dugout canoe was recently recovered from a coastal context near Val Comeau in Northeastern New Brunswick. Details of the canoe and the peculiar circumstances of its discovery are presented. Two radiocarbon dates ranging between 440 and 400 B.P. date the canoe to the early historic period. Also discussed are the implications of such a unique find within local and broader regional contexts.}, author = {Bourgeois, Vincent} } @Conference Paper {10196, title = {A Late Archaic Sequence for southern Maine the Small Stemmed Point tradition, the Laurentian tradition, the Moorehead phase and the Susquehanna tradit}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Archaeological research at several sites in southern and central Maine are summarized, and comparisons are made to the Archaic strata of the Turner Farm site. These data allow new insights into the relationships among long-standing constructs such as the Small stemmed point tradition, the Laurentian tradition, the Moorehead phase, and the Susquehanna tradition. They also clarify relationships with the Maritime Archaic tradition of Newfoundland and Labrador.}, author = {Bruce J. Bourque} } @Conference Paper {10195, title = {Radiocarbon Dating and the Little Gap}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The period between the end of the Susquehanna tradition and the appearance of Vintette I pottery in Maine remains a stark void in comparison to the millennia before and after it. One approach to understanding what may have been going on during the little gap is to examine the radiocarbon-dated components that appear to fall within its limits. Such an examination appears to offer little evidence that the gap is being narrowed by these new data.}, author = {Bourque, Bruce} } @Conference Paper {10194, title = {DIETARY RECONSTRUCTION OF PREHISTORIC MARITIME PEOPLES OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA: FAUNAL VS. STABLE ISOTOPIC APPROACHES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {We present dietary reconstructions for seven coastal archaeological populations from Northeastern North America based upon stable isotopic ratios in human bone, including 13C/15C (collagen), 15N/14N (collagen) and 13C (apatite)/13C (collagen). These reconstructions are compared to others based largely upon faunal remains, but also upon palaeoenvironmental models. The populations range geographically from L{\textquoteright}Anse Amour, Labrador, to Casco Bay, Maine, and in age from 7,500 B.P. to the early seventeenth century. Comparisons are made to Northeastern interior populations of comparable age. Our main goal is to estimate the importance of marine protein in the diets of these groups, and to use these estimates to assess current notions about maritime adaptations along the northwest Atlantic littoral. The relevance of these results for the ongoing discussion about postdepositional diagenesis of bone is considered.}, author = {Bruce J. Bourque and Harold W. Krueger} } @Conference Paper {10197, title = {A Model for Midden Formation at the Turner Farm Site}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {During the past two decades, archaeological excavations on the central Maine coast have examined numerous shell midden sites. Normally, excavators have made detailed observations on midden structure, including stratigraphic and plan drawings. In general, however, the sites sampled represent a small number of components dating after c. 2,500 B.P. and the areas opened at the larger, more complex ones have not exceeded 5\% of the n-tidden surface area. The Turner Farm site represents a qualitatively different case. Its numerous components, which date between c. 5,000 B.P. and the early historic period, present a uniquely long sequence of generally well stratified deposits. Furthermore, excavations carried out there between 1971 and 1978 were extensive, opening a total of 25\% of the midden{\textquoteright}s surface area. Therefore, the Turner Farm excavation allows observations on long term midden formation processes that are not possible from smaller excavations at younger sites. These include factors influencing relative shell abundance, degree of shell fracturing, discreteness of horizontal patterning and post-depositional movement of artifacts.}, author = {Bourque, Bruce} } @Conference Paper {10198, title = {Early Archaic Nettling Settlement Patterns in North-Central Ohio}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Since Stan Wortner discovered the Nettling site north of Lake Erie in 1965, extensive survey has shown that initial Early Archaic (ca. 9000 BP) Palmer-like Nettling points occur over an area of about 70,000 km2, centered roughly on modem Lake Erie. Four base camps, each at least as intense as the Nettling site itself, each of which have yielded at least 200 points and 200 endscrapers, have been identified within a 10, 000 km2 tract in north-central Ohio, south of the western end of Lake Erie. They are 1) the Trapp locality at the upper rapids of the Sandusky River, 2) the Chapman locality on the Sandusky River near the mouth of Sycamore Creek, 3) the Demuth locality on the west branch of the Huron River, and 4) the Fulk locality at the Savannah Lakes, a glacial kettle complex at the head of the Vermilion River.}, author = {Bowen, LE.} } @Conference Paper {10199, title = {Petrographic Analysis of Prehistoric Ceramics: Methodology and Results}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {This paper investigates the use of petrographic analysis (the microscopic study of thin sections) to solve problems concerning prehistoric ceramic ecology, defined as the place of pottery in the lives of the people who made and used it. The approach is distinct from analyses which produce types meaningful for chronological or stylistic studies. Petrographic analysis is a specialized technique which defines paste types effectively and accurately. The paste types are the data which can be quantified and used to answer questions about prehistoric ceramic ecology. The paper deals with problem orientation, what questions can be asked, how to design a test, how to sample the collection, how to make and analyze the thin sections, and what results may be expected. Two specific illustrations are given from my researches in Northwestern Plains pottery, and the pottery of the Sierra Blanca region of New Mexico.}, author = {Carolyn Bower} } @Conference Paper {10200, title = {Caribou Remains at Thandl\‰t: Archaeology and Paleoecology of Some Well-Preserved Sites on Ice Patches in the Southwestern Yukon}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In 1997 well-preserved prehistoric organic artifacts and faunal material were discovered melting out of a permanent snow patch in the Kusawa Lake area of the southwestern Yukon. Radiocarbon dates on caribou fecal remains from stratified deposits within the snow patch indicate that these animals were present in the area at least 2500 years ago, although they are absent in the region today. A wooden dart/arrow shaft recovered from the edge of the snow patch dates to 4300 years ago, and is a rare example of mid-Holocene organic technology in North America. The exceptional preservation of archaeological remains and high quality paleoenvironmental data at the Thandl\‰t site offers a rare opportunity to explore a number of questions regarding human use of montane sites, the ecology of prehistoric caribou, and implications of climate change on caribou populations.}, author = {BOWYER, Vandy and Gerald W. KUZYK and Donald E. RUSSELL and Richard S. FARNELL and Ruth M. GOTTHARDT and P. Gregory HARE and Erik BLAKE} } @Conference Paper {10206, title = {A Late Holocene Prairie Fire Record from Southwestern Manitoba: Archaeological Implications}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Despite recent interest in the North American Holocene fire record, evidence for the deliberate burning of prairie by Plains hunter-gatherers has not previously been demonstrated. Through the analysis of phytoliths preserved in a sequence of dated paleosols in the Lauder Sandhills, Southwestern Manitoba, a local grassland fire record is reconstructed for the past ~ 4000 years. Rather than suggesting climatic {\textquoteright}forcing{\textquoteright}, an apparent peak in fire frequency shortly after ~ 2500 BP may correspond to the deliberate burning of prairie by Sonota-Besant hunter-gatherers. This practice, which is clearly documented in the historic record, may have functioned as a means of making bison herd movements more predictable.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10201, title = {Holocene Paleoecology and Archaeology of the Lauder Sandhills, Southwestern Manitoba}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents a broad overview of environmental change and its relevance to the archaeological record in the southern basin of a former glacial lake in southwestern Manitoba. Plant microfossils, macrofossils, and geomorphological data indicate that, throughout the Holocene, the ecological history of this area represents the complex interaction between both large-and small-scale natural processes (e.g., climatic trends, sand sheet mobilization and dune formation, aquifer hydrology, etc.). The postglacial thermal maximum, for example, is shown to have a more complicated effect on the timing of grassland colonization in the basin in comparison to the surrounding uplands of the Manitoba Escarpment. Understanding the character of small-scale ecosystem variation provides a means of accounting for the timing of McKean occupations in this area.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10205, title = {Building a Geoarchaeological Framework for the Assiniboine Delta: Initial Results}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Rossendale Gully site lies in a small underfit valley on the southeastern Assiniboine Delta. Previous radiocarbon dates on buried organics from this site were important in establishing the deglacial chronology of southern Manitoba (Preston et al., 1955; Elson, 1967; Teller, 1989). A new coring program was initiated in order to: (1) reconstruct early Holocene vegetation dynamics following the final regression of glacial Lake Agassiz across the delta; (2) correlate the Rossendale sequence with other Campbell-level deposits; and (3) model the broad relationship between late Paleoindian land-use and the history of Lake Agassiz in this region. In July 2003, 14 cores were collected from the region using a hydraulic Geoprobe. The longest core obtained was 13.25 m. A preliminary stratigraphic sequence is identified, composed of >12 m of offshore silt interbedded with at least eleven cycles of turbidite deposition, locally overlain by an early Holocene organic unit at the Rossendale Gully site. In general, this sequence documents the final regression of Agassiz from an earlier highstand phase (radiocarbon dates pending), followed by the first colonization of the delta surface by wetland vegetation ~9.5 ka BP. This suggests that the southeastern delta was not available for human settlement until the late Paleoindian period.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10204, title = {Phytolith Analysis in the Parklands: a Species-Diagnostic Candidate for Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) / Analyse des phytolithes des prairies-p}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The potential of phytolith studies in areas of poor pollen and plant macrofossil preservation has been understood for some time. While this may be the case, phytolith studies in North America have generally focused on a narrow spectrum of plant types{\textendash} mainly native grasses, and cereals (e.g., maize). With regard to efforts directed towards paleoenvironmental reconstructions, this has meant that past vegetation communities which are not dominated by grasses are effectively {\textquoteright}invisible{\textquoteright} at present (especially where pollen and organic macro-remains do not preserve in sufficient quantities). In an effort to close this gap, the author presents some preliminary suggestions for a distinctive trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) phytolith type. If the distinctiveness and exclusivity of this type is borne out in further research, application may provide a means of tracing the boundaries of the Aspen Parkland over time. Archaeologically, it may then be possible to more accurately situate sites within this {\textquoteleft}transitional{\textquoteright} vegetation zone for purposes of inferring natural resource procurement strategies, seasonal rounds, etc.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10203, title = {Le lac glaciaire Hind et le complexe de Folsom}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Matthew Boyd and Garry Leonard Running IV and Karen Havholm} } @Conference Paper {10202, title = {Holocene Paleoecology of the Lauder Sandhills, Southwestern Manitoba: Preliminary Botanical Results}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {A cutbank of the Souris River in the Lauder Sandhills is currently undergoing micro- and macrobotanical analysis in order to help clarify the postglacial vegetation and climatic history of southwestern Manitoba. The early end of this sequence {\textendash} represented by a section of gyttja with exquisite organic preservation {\textendash} is the focus of this preliminary analysis. In general, results are suggestive of a pattern of Holocene succession broadly consistent with interpretations for adjacent areas. The evidence of extreme fluctuations in available moisture is given particular attention, and is interpreted according to more general climatic trends seen throughout the early- to mid-Holocene. As well, some attention will be paid to the paleoecology of certain key plant species on the postglacial landscape. These results, in addition to expanding the database of a very poorly studied area, have paleoenviromental implications extending beyond the local area.}, author = {Matthew Boyd} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9169, title = {Pleistocene Landscape Features and Plano Archaeological Sites upon the Kaministiquia River Delta, Thunder Bay District}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {140-143}, editor = {Wayne C. J. Boyko} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9027, title = {Lost Cities of the Ancien Southeast}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {167-168}, editor = {Wayne C. J. Boyko} } @Conference Paper {10208, title = {Laser ablation as a method for assessing the effects of microbial diagenesis on stable isotope analysis}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Post-depositional alteration of skeletal material is a problem that has long plagued isotopic analysis of archaeological material. Diagenesis, the term used to describe the post-depositional alteration, may be physical, chemical or biological in nature, and calls into question the reliability of isotopic data. Specifically, microbial diagenesis has the potential impact of altering isotopic signatures in skeletal material through decomposition by soil microorganisms. The objective of my thesis has been to identify diagenetically altered areas within bone and determine to what extent the isotopic signals have been altered. Modern bone and dentition samples were subjected to microbial degradation in a natural environment and the extent of bacterial colonization of differing skeletal tissue layers was identified using scanning electron microscopy. Areas recognized as potentially having undergone microbial diagenesis are targeted for isotope analysis using a CO2 laser ablation system; ideal for spot analysis on rare or small specimens. Archaeological samples were also analyzed in an attempt to identify patterns in the colonization or offsets in isotope values over time. Variation in the degree of colonization of differing areas of the bone and also in the carbon and oxygen isotope values obtained from altered versus unaltered areas is investigated. These results not only further our knowledge of the process of biodegradation but allow for more accurate isotope analysis of archaeological material through the creation of a diagenetic profile within skeletal material resulting from microbial diagenesis.}, author = {Brady, Allyson and Christine White and Fred Longstaffe and Gordon Southam} } @Conference Paper {10207, title = {Faded, but not Lost: An Exploration of Rock-Art Patterning Using Digital Technology in the Torres Strait Islands, Northeast Queensland, Australia}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Rock paintings from the Torres Strait islands in tropical far northeast Queensland are subject to a harsh coastal weathering regime. Many of these fragile images have faded due to accelerated coastal processes such as water and salt damage and are no longer visible to the naked eye. The systematic application of computer enhancement techniques to rock paintings recorded across Western Torres Strait over a four-year period has identified a previously undetectable north-south pattern in the proportion of faded paintings recovered using this technique. This patterning, taken in combination with a north-south division in Western Torres Strait geology, is used to reveal broader spatial and temporal patterns in the Torres Strait region. I argue that this systematic recording methodology attends to the preservation and conservation aspects of rock-art research, and can also be used to inform researchers of new or previously unidentifiable trends into the patterning of rock-art across space and through time.}, author = {Brady, Liam} } @Conference Paper {10210, title = {Metal Container Reuse and Transience During the Klondike Gold Rush}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper examines metal container reuse in the context of transient habitation sites in Dawson City, Yukon. Many individuals who joined the Klondike Stampede came north hoping to make a quick fortune and return home. Investigation of cabin platforms on the steep hillsides surrounding Dawson City, Yukon, suggests that their occupants during the gold rush era were largely transients. Surface artifact assemblages associated with cabin platforms indicate that the reuse of metal containers was a relatively common activity. Items manufactured from discarded tin cans on the hillsides tend to be related to structures and basic household activities. The varieties of reused artifacts are described and comparisons are made with other sites associated with the Klondike Gold Rush.}, author = {Michael Brand} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9276, title = {The Arctic Voyages of Martin Frobisher: An Elizabethan Adventure}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {213-216}, editor = {Michael Brand} } @Conference Paper {10209, title = {Archaeological Investigations on the Dawson and Klondike City Hillsides}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Typical of late 19th century mining camps, the population of Dawson City during the boom years contained a relatively large group of transients. Natural constraints on the limits of the townsite, and the high demand for land as the stampeders arrived, resulted in the occupation of the steep hillsides along the eastern margin of Dawson and the southern edge of Klondike City. Previous archaeological research by Parks Canada archaeologists on the Dawson hillside, suggests that these areas were inhabited by transients, who came seeking a fortune to return home to a better life. This paper presents the results of the 1998 season of the Dawson City Hillside Archaeology Project, which recorded structure platforms and surface artifacts on the Klondike City hillside and portions of the Dawson City hillside. This research provides insights into the lives of the transient people who lived there and the means by which they interacted with the rest of the community.}, author = {BRAND, Michael J.} } @Conference Paper {10213, title = {A tale of two data bases}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Computer data base management systems are becoming increasingly in vogue for archaeological research applications. Abundant literature exists pertaining to computer data base techniques in archaeology in particular describing coding schemes, data manipulation procedures and analytical software. However, to archaeologists proposing to adopt such systems much less information is available detailing the accompanying problems introduced to the process of {\textquoteright}doing archaeology{\textquoteright}. Two examples of large-scale data base management systems used to analyze archaeological data from Batoche National Historic Site in Saskatchewan and the Lubbub Creek site in west-central Alabama are briefly compared. Emphasis is placed on key parts of the process prone to error resulting in user grief and the means of coping with them are discussed. It is proposed that the problem areas highlighted are likely to be encountered by researchers implementing such systems and can be avoided. Among the aspects to be addressed are sources, rates and effects of data base error; user behaviour; and the availability and suitability of software.}, author = {Brandon, J.} } @Conference Paper {10212, title = {Public Historical Archaeology at Chimney Coulee / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie historique publique {\`a} la coul{\'e}e Chimney}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The Chimney Coulee Site (DjOe-6) in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan contains components representing virtually every historical theme in Western Canadian 19th-C history. These include at least two precontact occupations, a large hivermant M{\'e}tis village probably occupied in the 1860s and 1870s, a Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company post (1871-72) and the North-West Mounted Police Eastend post (1877-1180). Public archaeology programs were run in the Coulee in the summers of 1994 and 1995. Quite by chance, theses occurred simultaneous with the Eastend Tyrannosaurus rex palaeontological excavations and tourism boom. Both grant-based and {\textquoteright}user-pay{\textquoteright} methods of funding the project were utilized and the efficacy of both are discussed. Of the several occupations represented, the HBC post built in a M{\'e}tis longhouse style was the main focus of investigation. The archaeological findings are presented.}, author = {BRANDON, John D.} } @Conference Paper {10211, title = {Learning at the Source: A Comparison of Rhenish Stoneware from Ferryland, Newfoundland to Museum Originals in Germany}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The popularity of Rhenish stoneware during the 17th and 18th centuries is observed time and again during excavations of colonial sites and shipwrecks. The ubiquitous Frechen Bartmann bottles and Westerwald blue-grey tankards are the most common vessels. This reputation supercedes their interpretive value, however, since they are not studied as widely as they are recovered. The Ferryland site, Newfoundland, provides a wonderful assemblage of Rhenish stoneware spanning two centuries. Complimenting the bottles and tankards are Frechen drinking pots and jugs, and ornately decorated baluster jugs produced in Raeren and the Westerwald. A research trip to the Rhineland provided an opportunity to view a range of complete vessels and open communication with European colleagues. Moreover, examining the source of Rhenish stoneware affords a new perspective on the role and use of these wares in the colonies.}, author = {Brandon, Nicole E.} } @Conference Paper {10214, title = {Internship Experience in Archaeological Collections Management: Improving the Status of McMaster{\textquoteright}s Research Collections}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In September of 2007 the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University initiated the {\textquoteright}Collections Management Plan{\textquoteright}. After decades in storage the materials recovered by archaeological field research conducted in 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1970{\textquoteright}s have been re-excavated from their cardboard matrix. The necessity for this came from a need for more storage space for existing materials, but most importantly it came from a recognized responsibility to maintain the collections and their potential for furthering research into Ontario{\textquoteright}s archaeological history. The objective is to develop and maintain a comprehensive database of excavated sites which will enable us to provide researchers with access to materials and information pertaining to the collections. It has also provided an opportunity to engage current undergraduate students with the changing practices of Canadian Archaeology. We hope that this research will reach the broader archaeological community and present opportunities for learning more about the history of this extensive collection.}, author = {Eliza Brandy and Matthew J. Seguin and Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10215, title = {Laurel in Northern Manitoba: A Ceramic Synthesis / La culture Laurel dans le nord du Manitoba : les informations livr{\'e}es par des c{\'e}ramiq}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper discusses a synthesis of information obtained from northern Manitoba Laurel ceramics recovered between 1970 and 1995. This project has revealed an unexpected high number of sites with Laurel components in northern Manitoba. A higher than realized Laurel representation in all of Manitoba appears to be the emerging pattern. Some regionalism of the study area Laurel is suggested based on observed differences in decorative attribute frequencies. A temporal framework based on decorative attribute trends places the northern Manitoba Laurel within the middle to late period of the recognized Laurel existence. Thermoluminescence dating of selected sherds has produced a maximum range of dates beginning early at 40 B.C. and extending to A.D. 1469, a late date beyond the normally accepted temporal limit for Laurel.}, author = {BRANDZIN-LOW, Vera} } @Conference Paper {10216, title = {Links Between the East Aftican Acheulian and MSA{\textendash} Experimental Manufacture of Large Flake Blanks}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Acheulian tradition of East Affica comprises the second of two widely distributed and long lasting Early Stone Age industries appearing around 1,6 million years ago and lasting until approximately 0,2 million years ago. Being the second empirically distinct stone tool culture, the Acheulian industry maybe studied in ref{\'e}rence to technological precursors as well as technological descendants. Contrary to the common belief that the Acheulian is set apart from its precursors by it being a bifacial technology, it has been suggested that the diagnostic bifacial hand axes have been fashioned from large flake blanks and that it is the ability to produce large flake blanks of consistent size and shape that is the diagnostic character of the Acheulian. The large flake blank may represent a considerable advancement of technology over the preceding Oldowan industry, which was characterized by a quasi-opportunistic flaking of stone and tool types whose shape was more dependent on raw material constraints than on functional or stylistic considerations. The large flake blank also may foreshadow the technological regularity of the Middle Stone Age, which was characterized by the intentional use of prepared cores to produce maximally regularized flakes as blanks for tools. The status of the Acheulian between the Oldowan and MSA traditions of East Africa is explored through experimental manufacture of large flake blanks. Questions of the cognitive ability, behaviour and cultural evolution of the Acheulian hominids are addressed in light of these experiments.}, author = {Brantingham, Jeff} } @Conference Paper {10217, title = {Archaeological Investigations at a Prehistoric Village Site on Drummond Island Michigan}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {During the summers of 1991 and 1992, field crews from the Michigan Sate University Department of Anthropology conducted excavations at the Cloudman site on Drummond Island, located in the St. Mary{\textquoteright}s River Valley of Michigan{\textquoteright}s eastern Upper Peninsula. Excavations revealed that the site contained occupationally stratified deposits dating from the Middle Woodland, Late Woodland, and protohistoric/contact periods. Analysis of the ceramic assemblage indicates strong connections with other Michigan and Ontario groups. The location of the Cloudman site along the boundary between major eastem and western cultural traditions underscores its importance for understanding prehistoric social and cultural dynamics in this region of the Upper Great Lakes.}, author = {BRANTSNER, Christine N.} } @Conference Paper {10218, title = {Performance Characteristics of Rock-Tempered Iroquoian Pottery}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Traditional analyses of Iroquoian pottery have focused on decorative attributes, with little attention given to its manufacture. In recent years, some research has suggested that an examination of manufacturing characteristics can make valuable contributions to our knowledge of Ontario Iroquoian society. The main goal of this paper is to investigate several aspects of pottery production through replication and experimentation. Previous research has suggested that at some Iroquoian sites, potters were tempering their clay with various types of rock, some of which required more effort to process than did others. I therefore wish to investigate whether the choice to expend more effort in the acquisition of certain tempers was primarily informed by a desire for certain performance characteristics, such as heating efficiency or resistance to thermal shock. If these tempers do not provide any performance benefits, it may be that the decision to use certain rocks over others as temper was influenced by "non-functional" or social concerns.}, author = {Greg Braun} } @Conference Paper {10219, title = {INAA and Obsidian Hydration Dating of Mayan Bladelets from Cahal Pech, Belize, C.A.}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Obsidian bladelet fragments were collected in the 1988 field season with Trent University at the Mayan site of Cabal Pech which is a ceremonial and administrative centre occupied in the Late Preclassic and Late Classic periods. Trace element analysis of these samples resulted in provenience information relating to known obsidian sources for the Central American region, and a relative chronological placement of architectural phases at the site by means of hydration rim dating. The C-14 dating of lirnestone plaster samples from the site was also attempted but with limited success. These resulting dates were far too early to be possible due to the dilution effect of geological carbonates, however the dates were appropriate for a relative chronology and in agreement with the obsidian hydration dates.}, author = {Brett, Jeremy} } @Conference Paper {10221, title = {Developing a Geographic Information System For Inventory Management in Saskatchewan / Cr{\'e}ation d{\textquoteright}un syst{\'e}me d{\textquoteright}information g\&ea}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Overview of the current status of, and directions for, the development of the GIS at the Heritage Branch - Archaeological Resource Management. Some initial applications of paleo-environmental mapping and site location predictive modelling.}, author = {Gary BREWER} } @Conference Paper {10220, title = {Walking the Wire: CRM in Saskatchewan Goes Online}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of the creation of Saskatchewan{\textquoteright}s online development screening system. Over the past ten years the Heritage Unit of Saskatchewan has completed heritage sensitivity reviews of all of the provincial Crown lands as well as the quarterly mineral rights sales. The land held by the Crown and managed by Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food totals some 80,000 quarter sections. The mineral rights sales include deeded as well as Crown lands and currently stands at just over 17,000 quarter sections. All of these reviews have been maintained in electronic databases. While these databases have served for internal purposes, the Internet and digital mapping technologies have created a cost-effective vehicle to provide this data in a graphic and easily accessible format for developers and heritage consultants.}, author = {Gary BREWER} } @Conference Paper {10224, title = {Here for a Reason: The Dundas Islands as a Gateway Community}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper examines the important role that the Dundas Islands played in the context of the northern coast of British Columbia. For hunter-fisher-gatherers living in this region salmon and eulachon represented both dietary staples and highly valued trade commodities. There is a volatile history of conflict on the northern coast that may be related to efforts to control the abundant Nass and Skeena River fisheries where these resources were procured. Furthermore, the settlement choices of the region{\textquoteright}s inhabitants reflect a similar endeavor. Though they are a marginal resource area, intensive settlements were maintained on the Dundas Islands. The strategic location of the islands along transportation routes to both rivers provided a means to both defend and control access to the fisheries.}, author = {Brewster, Natalie} } @Conference Paper {10223, title = {Multi-Site Faunal Analysis at the Dundas Island Group}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {A multi-site analysis of faunas is used to understand the long-term subsistence practices at the Dundas Island Group. This method of analysis can give insight into subsistence over the entire region, as well as variability between sites and site types. Preliminary faunal data from a series of shell midden sites present a profile of fish use at the Dundas Island Group and suggest the relative importance of salmon, herring and eulachon. These findings are compared with existing views and evidence of the pattern and development of fishing economies in the adjacent Prince Rupert region.}, author = {Brewster, Natalie} } @Conference Paper {10222, title = {The Inuit in Southern Labrador: A View from Snack Cove}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For many years the nature of Inuit occupations in southern Labrador during the Contact Period has been debated. European Written accounts from this time period suggest a sustained Inuit presence in southern Labrador, yet archaeological evidence of this remains elusive. This paper will focus on a 17th century Labrador Inuit fall/winter dwelling from Snack Cove 3 in order to address the nature of Inuit occupations in southern Labrador during the early Contact Period.}, author = {Brewster, Natalie} } @article {9502, title = {Disappearing Dreams at the Zephyr Creek Rock Art Site, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {193-231}, abstract = {

Discovery of a set of 1965 photographs of the Zephyr Creek rock art site, in southwestern Alberta, calls for reconsideration and reinterpretation of the site. Comparison of the early photographs with others dating to the past four decades establishes that rock art was made as recently as the mid-twentieth century, and that these images have eroded extremely rapidly. The former fact supports the argument that many of the images were made by local Stoney people who reside a few kilometres away and who were known historically to have been aware of the site. The latter fact is explained by speculation that the images were made with a pigment composed of local, iron-rich clay rather than traditional red ochre. Some of the images at Zephyr Creek may be depictions of structures associated with sundance ceremonies held by local Stoney. Historic records of rock art at the site from the early 1900s likely pertain to pictographs that are no longer visible. On-going use of a rock art site in the past century is a rare occurrence, and indicates continuation of ceremonial activity at a known site by a known group.

}, author = {Jack W. Brink} } @Conference Paper {10233, title = {The Children of Dunbow: Closure on a Sad Burial Incident}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The St. Joseph (Dunbow) Mission school, southeast of Calgary, was operated by the Oblate Fathers from the 1880s to about 1920. Intended to teach Native children useful western skills and to discourage traditional culture, children were recruited from many tribal groups including all three Blackfoot Nations, Cree, Tsuu T{\textquoteright}ina as well as Metis. Inevitably, increased contact with Euro-Canadians also led to an increase in disease and many Native children died while at the school. Locating family members in a timely manner was not always possible and several dozen children were buried at a cemetery established on the banks of the Highwood river near the Dunbow school. In recent years the river has cut into the banks beneath this cemetery sending caskets and bones downstream. This situation created a dilemma for all involved - the Church, Aboriginal people, government departments, the local landowner. Who is responsible for unmarked, unregistered burials and human remains? Can or should anything be done, or should nature take its course? This paper chronicles several years of events surrounding the story of the Dunbow cemetery, and how Aboriginal groups and resource managers worked together to bring a dramatic conclusion to this unfortunate situation.}, author = {Jack Brink and Rhonda DeLorme} } @Conference Paper {10228, title = {Archaeology and Pedology at the Smoky Site, Alberta}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper deals with several types of analyses undertaken at an archaeological site in the eastern slopes near Grande Cache, Alberta. The aeolian soil is examined in terms of particle size, and rates of deposition and/or erosion as suggested by radiocarbon ages. The methods and results of two experiments are presented: one dealing with paleo-magnetic sampling and analysis; the second with measuring the processes and effects of frost heaving. The applicability of these tests at other sites is discussed.}, author = {Brink, J.W.} } @article {9503, title = {The Highwood River Site: a Pelican Lake Phase Burial from the Alberta Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {109-136}, abstract = {

This report provides a site description of the Highwood Burial site in southern Alberta. The burial was that of a young individual, about 10 years old, whose body had been defleshed prior to burial. Interment had been in a small, sub-surface pit excavated into the bank of a high river terrace. The bones had probably been covered with red ochre and placed in a bundle. Also placed with the burial were grave goods consisting of a Pelican Lake projectile point, several other lithic tools, eleven perforated grizzly bear claws, several dozen perforated bison teeth, freshwater calm shell beads, a piece of native copper, and several exotic marine shells. A radiocarbon date indicates that the burial took place some 2,725 years ago. The Highwood site is compared with a number of other burial sites from the northern Plains, and it is concluded that a systematic manner of interring the dead was practiced in this region during the later part of the Middle Prehistoric Period. The most common, and potentially diagnostic, traits of this burial pattern are presented.

}, author = {Jack Brink and Stuart J. Baldwin} } @Conference Paper {10232, title = {Small sites in the northern Alberta mountains and foothills}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Archaeological surveys and excavations in the Grande Cache/Wilmore wilderness region of Alberta have identified small sites as a dominant expression of the prehistory of the area. The nature, location and content of these sites is discussed. The sites are compared to the larger, excavated sites from the same region, and relationships explored. Comments on the meaning of these small sites in a regional prehistoric context are offered.}, author = {Brink, J.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9030, title = {Ancient Nomads of the Eurasian and North American Grasslands}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {110-111}, editor = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10227, title = {Assessing Rock Art Erosion with Portable Laser Scanners}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park (WOSPP), in southern Alberta, is home to a large collection of Aboriginal rock art images. Numerous erosional forces are destroying the images. However, recent research indicates that some forms of rock art weathering can be delayed through implementation of both passive and active conservation treatments. Implementing these treatments raised the issue of how to asses their effectiveness. Portable laser scanning offers promise, not just for detailed recording of rock art, but also for charting the progress of conservation experiments. This paper describes conservation methods at WOSPP and reports on two laser scanning episodes, spaced over 27 months. Comparison of the two scans suggests that erosion is taking place on short time intervals, and that greater weathering is occurring on the surface not treated with chemical consolidants. While all rock art will ultimately disappear, there is hope for extending the life of select images.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10231, title = {The Stories of Buffalo Bird Woman: Lessons in Bison Carcass Use and Abandonment}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Gilbert Wilson{\textquoteright}s book The Horse and the Dog in Hidatsa Culture (1924) provides compelling accounts of Contact Period bison hunting, especially the stories of his prime informant, Buffalo Bird Woman. In particular, she recounts a long and complex pedestrian buffalo hunt, using dogs and travois, which took place in about 1870. Buffalo Bird Woman provides a unique view on bison hunting, butchering, processing, caching, consumption and transport. She also gives a voice to complex decision making processes that her group grappled with concerning the differing strategies of searching for new kills as opposed to continued reliance on cached food. Analysis of the use and discard of bison carcass parts by Hidatsa hunters indicates a preference for portions associated with greatest weight of fat and marrow, not weight of muscle tissue or muscle plus fat tissue. On the other hand, certain habits of carcass discard or retention appear to be idiosyncratic and defy modeling with indices of nutritional utility. The tales of Buffalo Bird Woman provide a realistic charting of the fate of skeletal elements and help us understand the formation of archaeological assemblages.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10226, title = {Saving Face: Experiments in Rock Art Conservation at Writing-On-Stone}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park has one of the largest concentrations of Aboriginal rock art found anywhere in western North America. Much of the rock art suffers - or has been completely lost - as a result of erosion of loosely cemented sandstone bedrock. An on-going research project has investigated ways to strengthen the near-surface bedrock using the product CONSERVARE OH. Results indicate that this silica-based product penetrates the sandstone to a depth of about 3 cm and provides an increase in rock strength of about 300\%. It is concluded that CONSERVARE would be effective in retarding erosion of certain rock art panels but would not be No deleterious effects of CONSERVARE have been observed, although it is noted that the product may interfere with some future research such as attempts to date rock art. Studies designed to monitor the long term effects of treatment with CONSERVARE have been initiated. Application to actual rock art surfaces has not yet taken place. Preliminary consultation with First Nations groups indicates approval of use of this technique to help prolong the life of rock art.}, author = {Jack Brink and Ian A. CAMPBELL} } @Conference Paper {10230, title = {Bison Carcass Utilization at Kill Sites from the Great Plains}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Quantitative measures of marrow and bone grease for bison have been produced by Emerson (1990) and Brink. Combined, these indices provide a new tool for the examination of faunal utilization at bison kill/butchery sites from the North American Plains. It is assumed that bones with the greatest amount of marrow and grease were preferentially processed. Testing this assumption for marrow at a number of bison kill sites reveals a large number of sites that conform to the prediction but a substantial number that contradict the expected pattern. Comparing bone grease content with faunal representation indicates a similar pattern of conformance with expectations at some sites but not others. Further analysis reveals that sites where optimal utilization of marrow is not evident are the same sites where maximum grease extraction was conducted. It is concluded that: (1) indices based on food quantity have the potential to elucidate seemingly contradictory patterns of faunal use, and (2) that subsequent stages of faunal utilization, such as grease rendering, can obliterate patterns of primary use, such as marrow extraction.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10225, title = {Another Look At Bison Bones From The Wardell Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Excavations at both the kill and associated processing areas of the Wardell site afford an opportunity to chart the decision making processes of initial and secondary bison butchering. Comparison of skeletal elements between kill and butcher site reveal patterns apparently related to maximizing the recovery of marrow and grease. Broken and complete leg bone frequencies at the kill are predicted by marrow content, while grease content predicts leg bone counts at the processing area. Combined marrow and grease value of elements is seen to predict removal and destruction of bones from the kill and camp areas.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @article {11402, title = {Pleistocene Horse and Possible Human Association in Central Alberta, 12,700 Years Ago}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {79-96}, abstract = {

Materials recently collected from the shoreline of the Brazeau reservoir in west-central Alberta include a number of Paleoindian artifacts and a set of six articulated mandibular teeth from the genus Equus. The heavily weathered horse teeth were identified as most similar to the caballine equids that became extinct in North American at the end of the Pleistocene. An average of four AMS radiocarbon dates place the age of the teeth at ~12,700 calibrated years before present. Early style artifacts recovered from the reservoir include two fluted points, a biface cache, and several other Paleoindian points. No artifacts were directly associated with the teeth, but nearby fluted points are likely coeval and suggestive of an association. The presence of Pleistocene horse 12,700 years ago directly within the Ice-Free Corridor (IFC) has a bearing on the debate concerning the timing of the opening of the IFC and on the environmental conditions within the corridor. Data presented here indicate an open IFC in west-central Alberta by at least 12,700 years ago and an environment fully capable of supporting large game animals, and by extension human hunters.

}, author = {Jack W. Brink and Christina I. Barr{\'o}n-Ortiz and Kathy Loftis and Robert J. Speakman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9032, title = {The Sjovold Site: A River Crossing Campsite in the Northern Plains}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {085-086}, editor = {Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10229, title = {Parameters of Caribou Biology and Hunting Strategies}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Due to the extreme scasonality of environment caribou undergo dramatic changes in body composition. During winter body growth slows or ceases, total body weight declines, fat reserves are severely diminished or exhausted, and muscle tissue is mobilized to provide energy and protein to vital functions. Seasonal patterns of caribou carcass composition differ according to age and sex. Calves are very lean at birth, remain lean through most of the summer, but by autumn have accumulated considerable fat. By the end of the flirst year fat levels in calves are similar to those of adults. Mature males are fattest in the fall but lose most of their stored fat during the rut and enter the winter in poor condition. Mature females are also fattest in the fall, are affected little by the rut, and enter winter in excellent condition. Despite the energy demands of gestation, pregnant females are often fatter than barren cows and maintain greater fat deposits into spring. At parturition the onset of lactation creates severe energetic demands on the dam and females are in poorest condition in mid summer. Dry cows are fatter at this time. The physiological need for fat in the diet of hunters inhabiting northern. latitudes led to a well documented preference for the fattest animals. Patterns of caribou energetics and carcass composition were likely exploited to yield maximum return of high energy food. Archaeological verification of selective hunting and butchering can be achieved through sexing of bones, determination of seasonality, and probably delineation of the conditions of pregnancy and lactation. An example from the Plains of North America demonstrates a strong correlation between bioenergetics of bison and historic period hunting patterns. It is suggested that a similar correspondence may be found in the Arctic literature.}, author = {Jack Brink} } @article {9504, title = {A Non-finite Radiocarbon Date on Charcoal at the {\textquoteleft}Dorset{\textquoteright} Palaeo-Eskimo Site of Cape Ray Light (CjBt{\textendash}1), Newfoundland, Canada, with Remarks on Acceptable Ages, Material Sources, and Environment}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {258-263}, author = {Ian A. Brookes} } @Conference Paper {10234, title = {Public Archaeology with a Doukhobor Descendant Community}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In the summer of 2004 partnerships between the Doukhobor and Saskatchewan archaeological communities created, "The Doukhobor Pit-house Public Archaeology Project", featuring the participation of Doukhobor descendants in the excavation of two Doukhobor sites. Using qualitative data including questionnaires, daily journals and interviews, the project was evaluated to determine the impact the archaeological experience had upon the changing Doukhobor community. The results of the evaluation demonstrated the successes, failures and benefits of the project for the community. However themes indicating pathways to success are applicable not only to the Doukhobor community but also to future public and descendant archaeology projects. These themes provide a deeper understanding of how archaeology can provide Canadian communities with a voice in the creation, maintenance and celebration of their past.}, author = {Brooks, Meagan} } @Conference Paper {10235, title = {The Squaw Rockshelter (33CU34): A Stratified Site in Cuyahoga County, Ohio}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Squaw Rockshelter site (33CU34), located along a tertiary tributary to Lake Erie in Northeast Ohio, contained stratified sealed deposits. A small remnant dated 9240{\textpm}160 B.P., yielded fragments of a human skeleton, unifacial and bifacial scrapers, unstemmed lancoolate points, and a corner-removed indented-based point. Additional lanceolate and bifurcate-base points have been recovered eroded from this site. The early Archaie lithic assemblage included both Plano projectile points of the Great Lakes region and corner-notched types of the Southern Appalachians. This site has provided evidence on the relationships of these point styles and the early Holocene cultural complexes from the lower Great Lakes region.}, author = {Brose, David S.} } @Conference Paper {10238, title = {Lithic Analysis of the Akpatok 1 site (JcEb-1), Ungava Bay}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper presents a technological analysis of a small surface collection of lithics gathered from two poorly defined architectural units. These units, designated structures A and B, are composed of ambiguous block and slab concentrations situated on the surface of the 9 m.a.s.l. gravel beach and are separated by a distance of approximately 20 metres. The homogeneity of raw material (a beige chert) and the high proportion of flakes are of special interest. Structure A is analyzed completely and in detail while structure B is only sampled. The spatial distribution of different debitage categories and other complementary analytical data of A allow the definition of specific activity areas. Certain comparisons between the two units suggest hypotheses concerning occupation of the site.}, author = {Brossard, J.-G.} } @Conference Paper {10237, title = {Des vestiges {\`a} la ville, l{\textquoteright}exp{\'e}rience de Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La r{\'e}alisation des expositions de Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re, Mus{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et d{\textquoteright}histoire de Montr{\'e}al, donna l{\textquoteright}opportunit{\'e} {\`a} des historiens et {\`a} des arch{\'e}ologues de confronter leurs approches. Une th{\'e}matique historique globale fut d{\textquoteright}abord d{\'e}velopp{\'e}e par l{\textquoteright}{\'e}quipe d{\textquoteright}histoire, menant au choix du th{\'e}me principal Montr{\'e}al, carrefour d{\textquoteright}{\'e}changes et de commerce . Quand vint le temps d{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}ter in situ les sites arch{\'e}ologiques que le mus{\'e}e abrite, les arch{\'e}ologues furent alors plus directement impliqu{\'e}s. Leur perception des vestiges aux sites comme des parties r{\'e}siduelles des diff{\'e}rentes {\'e}poques de la ville, approche propre {\`a} une arch{\'e}ologie dite urbaine , modifia sensiblement les interpr{\'e}tations. Durant sa visite du mus{\'e}e, le visiteur est donc th{\'e}oriquement nourri d{\textquoteright}un discours r{\'e}sultant d{\textquoteright}une approche historique et d{\textquoteright}une approche arch{\'e}ologique . L{\textquoteright}objectif principal est ici de cerner plus sp{\'e}cifiquement l{\textquoteright}apport de cette derni{\'e}re. Qu{\textquoteright}en r{\'e}sulte-t-il pour la compr{\'e}hension de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution de la ville? Cette r{\'e}flexion ouvre sur la diffusion via le discours d{\textquoteright}animation s{\textquoteright}adressant directement au publie visiteur.}, author = {Brossard, Jean-Guy} } @Conference Paper {10236, title = {A Museum in the City: the Site of the Founding of Montr{\'e}al}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re, a museum about the archaeology and history of Montr{\'e}al, shelters and explains significant {\guillemotleft} in situ {\guillemotright} archaeological remains; traces of human occupation predating the founding of Montr{\'e}al, up until today. Following 10 years of existence and, soon, 2 million visitors, the Museum has begun a process to renew its interpretation of the remains. Our current challenge is to propose to the general public a renewed reading of the complex archaeological sites that are located on the spot where Montr{\'e}al was founded and to explain the evolution of the city. We will here examine our approach from three directions. We will begin by reminding ourselves of the intentions of the originators of the museum: orientation, themes, expression in the circuit, discussion, and museographic choices. Next we will critically evaluate the past 10 years to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the equipment. On this basis we will finally explain the process for renewing the explanation of the remains and the new orientations that are guiding us.}, author = {Brossard, Jean-Guy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11252, title = {Zooarchaeology \& Field Ecology: A Photographic Atlas}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {356{\textendash}359}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @Conference Paper {10239, title = {The Application of Palaeoenvironmental Methodologies to the Analysis of Coastal Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways: Evidence from the Severn Estuary, Southwest}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Methods of palaeoenvironmental analysis (e.g., pollen, plant macrofossils and charcoal) play an increasingly central role in investigations of hunter-gatherer lifeways in the British Isles (10,000-4,000 cal BC). This presentation examines the results of the application of these methodologies to late Mesolithic hunter-gatherer sites (c. 6500-4000 cal BC) within the coastal zone of the Severn Estuary, southwest Britain, and their potential application to other geographical areas of study. Research in the Severn Estuary involved the excavation and investigation of stratified occupation contexts, many waterlogged or sealed by peat, in addition to analysis of off-site environmental sequences. Analytical techniques included high resolution pollen, plant macrofossil and quantified charcoal analysis. Marked charcoal horizons were identified from all the sites investigated, some suggesting distinct phases of anthropogenic activity involving the disturbance and manipulation of a range of vegetation environments from reedswamp to woodland edge. Charred seeds from occupation contexts, in cases associated with chipped stone and pollen evidence for small-scale woodland clearances, suggest that hunter-gatherers were managing seasonally available wild resources growing along the coastal woodland edge. The ubiquitous presence of charcoal in sedimentary sequences, sometimes occurring over several hundred years, is argued to reflect the deliberate management of the landscape by hunter-gatherers, either to promote the increased growth and productivity of a range of edible plants, and/or to provide improved graze for ungulate herbivores upon which humans could predate. This viewpoint is supported by ethnohistorical accounts of the role and use of fire in recent aboriginal populations, most notable the pre-Colonial Indians of the Pacific northwest coast of America (Boyd 1999a, 1999b; Turner 1999), the Atlantic coast of New England (Cronon 1983) and Australia (Flood 1983; Bickford and Gell 2005), suggesting that postglacial hunter-gatherers had a significant and sustained impact on the landscape. The application of palaeoenvironmental analyses has proven highly successful in furthering our understanding of Mesolithic lifeways in Britain, in particular, concerning patterns of seasonality, subsistence and settlement. This paper provides an opportunity to explore the applicability of these methodologies to other geographical areas where there is abundant archaeological evidence for hunter-gatherer activities (e.g., continental northwest Europe and northwest America), but where the potential of these methodologies may not yet have been explored or perhaps fully realised.}, author = {Brown, Alex} } @article {11934, title = {Chronometric Precision and Accuracy: Radiocarbon and Luminescence Age Estimates for Pacific Northwest Cooking Features}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {240-254}, abstract = {

Advances in chronometric dating are needed to refine chronologies and models of cultural change, and bridging arguments are needed to link age estimates with cultural events. We compare three dating approaches using matched samples from cooking features at three sites in the Puget Sound, finding that luminescence dates for fire-modified rock (FMR), and radiocarbon dates on calcined bone are congruent with radiocarbon dates for charcoal. Dates derived from different media on single features are often within 100 years of each other. We discuss the relative advantages of each type of dating. Calcined bone survives well in acidic soils and yields reliable, accurate, and highly precise age estimates. Luminescence dating is highly accurate, especially if the FMR was sufficiently heated, but has low precision. Calcined bone and FMR should be dated more often, and dated together when charcoal cannot be relied upon. Such practice will allow us to better mark and explain rates of economic changes by locale and region.

}, author = {James W. Brown and James K. Feathers and James C. Chatters and Patrick T. McCutcheon and Steven Hackenberger} } @article {9505, title = {Accelerator 14C Dating of the Taber Child}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {233-237}, abstract = {

The \&$\#$39;Taber Child\&$\#$39;, a fragmentary human infant skeleton found near Taber, Alberta in 1961, has been dated by tandem accelerator measurement of the radiocarbon content of collagenous residue obtained from 1.6 g of bone. Special care was taken to ensure removal of preservatives applied to the specimen in past years. An age of 3550\± 500 radiocarbon years, equivalent to 4100\± 750 calendar years before present, was found.

}, author = {R.M. Brown and H.R. Andrews and G.C. Ball and N. Burn and Y. Imahori and J.C.D. Milton} } @Conference Paper {10240, title = {A Functional Analysis of a Late Archaic Lithic Assemblage}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Our knowledge of Late Archaic occupations in Southern Ontario is limited by the lack of sites with strong contextual information. However, there are numerous unanalyzed surface collections. Surface collected lithic assemblages have traditionally been considered poor indicators of human behaviour. With this in mind, a low-power use-wear study and debitage analysis bas been conducted on the Abbot site (AgHb-17), a surface collected lithic assemblage located just outside Brantford. This paper explores the potential of surface collected lithics to elucidate various aspects of Archaic culture.}, author = {Brownell, Ward} } @Conference Paper {10242, title = {Quatre s{\'e}pultures historiques du XIXe si{\'e}cle au Manitoba}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {K. Brownlee and B. Hewitt and D. White and C. Meiklejohn and P. Badertscher and C. Willmott and L. Larcombe and R. D. Hoppa} } @Conference Paper {10241, title = {Planning for the Future: Developing Strategies for Post-Repatriation Analysis of Archaeological Materials}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Archaeologists across Canada are dealing with the return and reburial of human remains and associated artifacts. During the repatriation process, archaeologists should work with communities to ensure that the needs of both the Aboriginal community and archaeologists are met. Working towards partnerships is not new and many examples now exist in Canada where archaeologists and Aboriginal people are working cooperatively on repatriation. Part of the success in Manitoba has been to negotiate with Aboriginal communities and meeting their needs by presenting technical information in community-friendly reports and displays. What is now required are strategies that will allow research on materials following reburial. This presentation will discuss approaches to documentation using some of the latest technology as well as standard recording methods. The goal is to be able to review the documented evidence in such a way that new data can be collected if required in the future. By developing strategies to effectively preserve archaeological data, future generations of archaeologists will continue to have the opportunity to research these items.}, author = {Kevin Brownlee and Sitchon, Myra L. and Robert D. Hoppa} } @Conference Paper {10244, title = {Insights into the Harvest of Fish Resources in the Northern Boreal Forest of Manitoba}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper presents archaeological research conducted on the harvest of fish resources in the northern boreal forest of Manitoba. This study focuses on eleven fish spears and harpoons that were among forty-five bone and antler tools recovered from a 4000 year old human burial (GkLr-61 feature 2). Bone and antler tools have only been given a cursory examination in boreal forest archaeology due to the perishable nature of these materials. The importance of fish in the diets of northern groups was established through archival documents, ethnologies, interviews, and stable isotope analyses. The results were established further with archaeological analyses including experimental archaeology and wear pattern analyses. This research represents the first intensive study of bone and antler tools from this region of Manitoba using these methods. The outcome of this study suggests that fish were a primary dietary resource among boreal forest groups in northern Manitoba 4000 years ago.}, author = {Kevin Brownlee} } @Conference Paper {10243, title = {Fostering Respect and Relevance in Archaeological Research}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {There is increased interest in collaborative research projects between archaeologists and First Nation people in Canada. Clearly articulated research frameworks and models that achieve a balance between the interests of archaeologists and community members are difficult to find. In order to address this issue, I developed and applied a research framework on the study of bone and antler tools from the central boreal forest of Canada. A central aim of my research was to ensure that the beliefs and perspectives of First Nation people were respected from research design through to the implementation and sharing of results. The foundation of the research framework is based on Agency theory and Participatory Action Research. The success in the application of this new model demonstrates how the perspectives of First Nation people can be validated through archaeological research and can continue to foster positive partnerships with archaeologists.}, author = {Kevin Brownlee} } @article {11113, title = {Geochemical Fingerprinting of Dacite Tool Stone from the Punchaw Lake Village Site (FiRs-1), Nechako Plateau, British Columbia: Implications for Exchange and Transport}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {095-125}, abstract = {

A comprehensive (forty seven elements) geochemical data set for eighteen artifacts strategically selected after macroscopic examination of approximately six thousand lithic artifacts from the Punchaw Lake Village Site (FiRs-1) on the Nechako Plateau, in the north-central interior of British Columbia (B.C.), shows that dacite was the dominant lithology used in stone tool manufacture. The macroscopic descriptions, plus exploratory statistics utilizing all geochemical data, reveal at least three geochemical artifact groups (A, B, and D). Differences between groups are consistent with derivation from three Paleogene caldera complexes in the central interior. Comparisons with tool stone (dacite) from the southern interior of B.C. show that, although there is little geochemical overlap, the compositional variation at Punchaw Lake is similar to what is seen for all of the southern interior. Geochemical group A artifacts from Punchaw Lake (eight artifacts, 41 percent) resemble, but do not overlap with, available geochemical data for Cache Creek/Arrowstone Hills dacite (approximately 300\ km south) in the south-central interior, suggesting derivation from a geologic site/caldera between Punchaw Lake and Cache Creek, but a Cache Creek origin cannot be ruled out. Geochemical group A artifacts have textural traits leading to superior \“workability\” (e.g.,\ finer-grained) compared to the two, less-abundant, geochemical groups (B and D). Group A dominance implies that \“workability\” was as important as proximity to a geological source in determining the abundance of dacite types at Punchaw Lake. Two group B samples (11 percent of artifacts) are very similar to dacite artifacts from Smith Creek and Princeton River in the southern interior suggesting five hundred kilometers of transport. Previous work on obsidian and valuable artifacts at Punchaw Lake supports exchange/transport for great distances, but dacite tool stone may be largely of local/regional (central interior) derivation. Hypothesis testing requires data for dacite artifacts from Quaternary, glacial outwash fields, associated with Paleogene caldera complexes in the central interior.

}, author = {W. S. Lorenz Br{\"u}chert and John D. Greenough} } @Conference Paper {10245, title = {SIMS oxygen isotope analysis of human dental tissues from Fidler Mounds (EaLf-3), MB: mobility during Manitoba{\textquoteright}s Middle and Late Woodland period}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to obtain stable oxygen isotope data from the dental tissues of 12 individuals once interred at Fidler Mounds (EaLf-3), a cemetery mound site located in south-central Manitoba, 19 kilometers north of Winnipeg. Fidler Mounds was originally constructed c.1800BP and was utilized as a burial ground by precontact peoples in Manitoba for approximately 1000 years thereafter. The use of SIMS allowed the researcher to obtain several in situ _18O values from each individual{\textquoteright}s intact cementum, dentin and enamel. These values show that mobility patterns during Manitoba{\textquoteright}s middle and late Woodland period were extremely complex and varied. Additionally, intra-tissue _18O variability recorded through SIMS analysis indicates that traditional mass spectrometry may not be appropriate for assessing migration patterns within highly mobile populations.}, author = {Rachel ten Bruggencate and Robert D. Hoppa and Mostafa J. Fayek} } @Conference Paper {10247, title = {Algonquian and Iroquoian Ceramics in the Upper Hudson River Drainage}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {What initially appeared to be anomalous 14C and TL dates from two sites in the Upper Hudson River drainage are re-evaluated. Both Waterford and Winney{\textquoteright}s Rift, located within the lands occupied by Algonquian-speakers at the time of contact, produced assemblages of late Middle Woodland to early Late Woodland ceramics in association with dates contemporaneous with Late Owasco developments elsewhere. Subsequent changes in material culture demonstrate that the Upper Hudson peoples slowly adopted later Owasco and Iroquoian ceramic style and technology. It is suggested that these changes were concomitant with the diffusion of corn horticulture from Iroquoian-speakers to the west and south.}, author = {Brumbach, Hetty Jo} } @Conference Paper {10246, title = {Unearthing the Late Woodland:Ethnogenesis and Ceramics in the Northeast}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In NewYork and adjacent areas, ceramic assemblages of the period ca A.D. 1000-1350, termed Owasco, are considered to have been ancestral to later Late Woodland Iroquoian ceramics. Contemporaneous ceramic assemblages in Ontario and Quebec (Pickering, Glen Meyer, Uren) are also considered ancestral to later Iroquoian ceramics. These attributions bring up the question of the ethnicidentity of the manufacturers of the early Late Woodland ceramics; that is, were they Iroquoian speakers? Or, were the Owasco and contemporaneous ceramics of Ontario and Quebec manufactured by non-Iroquoian speakers? By both linguistic groups? Can we discern patterns of continuity (vs. dis-continuity) in ceramics, based on stylistic and/or technological attributes, which may be related to continuity (or dis-continuity) in ethnic identity of the manufacturers? And perhaps most importantly, can questions concerning the sociopolitical and economic events of the Late Woodland stage in the Northeast surrounding Iroquoian ethnogenesis be studied through cerarnic evidence?}, author = {Brumbach, Hetty Jo} } @Conference Paper {10250, title = {For Everything There is a Season: Prehistoric Settlement and Subsistence in the Plains of Southern Alberta and Northern Montana}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In 1995 the writer completed a study of seasonally sensitive bison dentition and/or fetal/newborn remains from 29 sites located throughout southern Alberta and northern Montana. Those remains represent a minimum of 357 individual bison for which the time of year or season in which they died can be inferred. This presentation focuses on the seasonality evidence from the five largest site samples examined. Those five samples collectively represent a minimum of 174 bison for which season of death can be inferred. Three of these five sites are located in Southern Alberta, and two in Northern Montana. Cultural phases represented include Pelican Lake, Old Women{\textquoteright}s, Saddle Butte and Highwood. Evidence from these sites strongly indicates the presence of two well defined and re-occurring patterns in the seasonal use of bison kills within the plains of southern Alberta and Northern Montana. Ethnographic analogues and other types of archaeological evidence both corroborate the patterning observed in this seasonality data, as well as providing a basis for further interpreting its significance in understanding the dynamics of prehistoric culture history, settlement, and subsistence within the region.}, author = {Brumley, John} } @Conference Paper {10249, title = {Settlement and Subsistence Systems within Southwestern Alberta: A Summary ofData from the Oldman River Dam Archaeological Project}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Oldman River Dam Archaeological mitigation project gathered considerable evidence regarding regional landuse, settlement and subsistence. The author presents a summary of that data within a regional cultural and temporal framework.}, author = {BRUMLEY, John H.} } @Conference Paper {10248, title = {A Culture History Model for the Plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The authors argue that, for the period beginning 5-7,000 BP and extending to ca. 1,000 BP presently identified cultural complexes within the defined region can all be related to two broad cultural traditions referred to as Alsask Mondak. The authors discuss the characteristics and spatial distribution of these two traditions through time. During the last 1,000 years, two additional cultural traditions are introduced into the southem and eastern portions of the study area: the Wymont Tradition and the Extended Coalescent Tradition. The authors discuss the presently known characteristics and spatial distributions of these two traditions as well.}, author = {BRUMLEY, John H. and Patrick J. RENNIE} } @Conference Paper {10251, title = {Gender and Ethnicity in Postclassic Greater Nicoya}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Cross-analysis of ceramic female figurines from Santa Isabel and other Mesoamerican artifacts for the purpose of comparison with ethnohistoric chronologies of ethnic migrations, settlements and interactions in Greater Nicoya. Along with ethnicity, emphasis is placed heavily on gender in Postclassic Greater Nicoya, also explored through observation of consistencies and contradictions between archaeological and ethnohistoric data. Major topics include, grand-mother and motherhood in the archaeological record, ideology, ethnic and gender symbolism in costume and bodily decoration, and gender complementarity.}, author = {Nicole Brunel} } @Conference Paper {10252, title = {Shellfish Harvesting Patterns at the Dundas Islands Group}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This research uses a subset of data which contributes to a larger project focusing on shellfish analysis and harvesting strategies from the Dundas Islands Group in northern British Columbia. Relative ages of bivalves obtained from growth increment profiles of the Butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) were identified in order to examine variability in site-level collection strategies. The results from two camps and two villages indicate intensive levels of shellfish collection at these locations. This suggests that that shellfish were an important dietary contribution, and may have played a critical role in sustaining the population at village sites.}, author = {Miranda Brunton and Meghan Burchell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9375, title = {Eastern Slopes Prehistory. Selected Papers}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {258-264}, editor = {Alan L. Bryan} } @Conference Paper {10254, title = {Evidencefor the Early Settlement of Northwestern North America}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Presence of several Lower Paleolithic sites dated between 200,000 and 500,000 years BP in Siberia suggests that a similar level of technology should be expected in northwestem North America. Dates on wood and bone from Central Alberta indicate that the ice-free corridor was always open before about 22,000 but closed until about 11,600 BP; the Northwest Coast was also heavily glaciated during that period, but could easily have been traversed before then. Native oral histories suggest that people occupied the region when it was more glaciated; perhaps in refugia. Many geneticists agree that the great diversity of mtDNA lineages indicates that initial occupation occurred soinetime before 20,000 BR. Some linguists have proposed that the great linguistic diversity in the American suggests an antiquity of 40,000 years. But archaeologists have the most reliable clock. Artifact assemblages lacking bifacial projectile points have been reported froin deeply buried geological contexts dated between 30,000 and 14,000 BP in Yukon, Alberta and Nebraska. Now is the time to embark on a concerted search for more early sites, and this quest should incorporate new approaches, such as human hair, which is datable and can provide ancient DNA.}, author = {BRYAN, Alan} } @article {9506, title = {A Revised Chronology for the Varsity Estates Site, Calgary, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {79-102}, abstract = {

The Varsity Estates site, located on the slope of the Bow River Valley in west Calgary, is covered by Glacial Lake Calgary deposits. A 2-m-thick upper till unit under the glacial lake deposit contains abundant quartzite and carbonate pebbles and cobbles. Four artifacts recovered from the till are described, and hypothesized to be associated with quarry-workshop activity on the gravel-covered surface of the valley glacier. A reanalysis of the site stratigraphy suggests a terminal Pleistocene dating for the site, not a pre-Late Wisconsinan age, as previously hypothesized.

}, author = {Alan L. Bryan and Ruth Gruhn} } @Conference Paper {10253, title = {No Title}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Evidence is now available to the effect that at least two flaked stone projectile point traditions were developing in parallel with the Clovis-Folsom Fluted Point Tradition. All three are material reflections of differential adaptations to environmental opportunities. Willow leaf-shaped El Jobo points with thick cross-sections are now quite well dated to between 12,000 and 14,000 B.P. in Venezuela, while the long stemmed Lake Mojave point tradition of the Great Basin has now been dated as early as 11,680 B.P. Probably the Lake Mojave form underwent general size reduction through time as did the Fluted Point Tradition. The presence of at least three partially contemporary and well differentiated projectile point traditions reflecting discrete ways of life in different areas before 11,500 B.P. implies that several antecedent cultural traditions developed indigenously in America during the Late Wisconsin from yet earlier cultural roots.}, author = {Alan L. Bryan} } @Conference Paper {10255, title = {The Dune Site: A Late Archaic Cobble Industry on Prince Edward Island}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The excavation of the Dune site in eastern King{\textquoteright}s County, Prince Edward Island further documents a Late Archaic presence along the southern shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Debitage recovered from the site demonstrates a technological differentiation between quartz and quartzite, both of which were obtained locally. The former resulted from a bipolar, expedient core reduction process while the latter represents bifacial reduction. Discreet activity areas associated with various stages of reduction were identified at the site. The social implications of this lithic patterning and source are discussed for the Maritime Archaic period.}, author = {Buchanan, Scott} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11409, title = {Tracing the Relational: The Archaeology of Worlds, Spirits and Temporalities}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {134-137}, editor = {Simon Paquin} } @Conference Paper {10256, title = {The Laurel Culture in Southeast Manitoba}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Laurel Culture is examined in terms of material culture, adaptive strategy, dating, origins and later developments. It is asserted the earliest ceramic-using peoples in southern Manitoba displayed an adaptive advantage over the indigenous Archaic inhabitants of this region in that the former utilized a more diffuse exploitation of their total environment. The appearance of Laurel Culture in southeast Manitoba corresponds with the onset of the sub-Atlantic Climatic Episode{\textendash}a time of relatively pronounced environmental changes. These are to some extent reflected in local faunal assemblages. The applicability of Stoltman{\textquoteright}s seriation of Laurel ceramic {\textquoteright}types{\textquoteright} to southeast Manitoba is discussed. The paper terminates with a case being made for cultural continuity between the Middle and Late Woodland cultures of this area insofar as this is relavant to the ethnic identity of the authors of Blackduck ceramics.}, author = {A.P. Buchner} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9040, title = {Prehistoric Cultural Dynamics of the Lac la Biche Region}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {083-085}, editor = {A.P. Buchner} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9042, title = {Approaches to Algonquian Archaeology: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {183-185}, editor = {A.P. Buchner} } @Symposium Papers {10963, title = {The Oxbow Complex and the Anomalous Winter Hypothesis}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {137-144}, author = {A.P. Buchner} } @Conference Paper {10257, title = {Replication of Ancient North American Ceramics / Reproduction de c{\'e}ramiques anciennes d{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}rique du Nord}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {As part of ongoing studies in the replication of western Woodland and Mississippian pottery, the author has experimented with the preparation, forming and firing requirements of native clays. The choice and addition of aplastics ({\textquoteright}temper{\textquoteright}) to the clay body influences how it responds during the firing process. This paper reports on experiments with native clay bodies containing differing amounts of temper and their responses to wood fuelled open firing conditions.}, author = {BUDAK, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10258, title = {Coffin Hardware and Children{\textquoteright}s Burials in Nineteenth Century Ontario}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Evidence of the presence or absence and the form of coffin hardware on children{\textquoteright}s burials from the 19th century provides insight into the role and perception of children and into how death ritual may have differed in public and private environments. This study investigated coffin hardware handles from St. Thomas{\textquoteright} Anglican Church cemetery in Belleville, Ontario. Its aim was to understand any relationship between age and the use of coffin handles during the 19th century. Comparison of coffin handle ornamentation and handle size indicated that children usually had smaller coffin handles, but were generally provided as much decoration as other age groups. Because coffin hardware is much less commonly found in children{\textquoteright}s burials in family cemeteries, its presence in public areas may indicate that even in death, it was necessary to keep up appearances.}, author = {Danielle Budhoo and Aubrey Cannon} } @article {9508, title = {An Alternative Model for First Nations Involvement in Resource Management Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {20-45}, abstract = {

The Wet\’suwet\’en are currently struggling to affirm their Aboriginal and territorial rights through the British Columbia treaty process. While this process continues, resource extraction activities remove large volumes of culturally important resources. At present, very few areas of the their territory have not been impacted by logging or mining development. Understandably, the Wet\’suwet\’en feel a sense of urgency regarding the conservation and protection of their natural and cultural resources. This paper examines how the Wet\’suwet\’en adapted the existing archaeological process within the resource management industry to better reflect their vision and cultural values. The creation of non-legislated policy and protocol agreements with various industry and government entities, combined with the Wet\’suwet\’en Territorial Stewardship Plan (WTSP), has allowed this First Nation to centrally position themselves in the archaeological process, which did not adequately address their needs. The primary result has been greater Wet\’suwet\’en involvement in decisions made regarding the management of their cultural resources.

}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10260, title = {Corr{\'e}lations entre les {\'e}v{\'e}nements pal{\'e}o{\'e}cologiques catastrophiques et la tradition orale autochtone dans la r\&eacu}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10259, title = {The Conflict between Cultural Resource Management and Economic Development on Reserve: A Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en Case Study}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In the summer of 2004, the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en experienced difficulties in establishing a balance between cultural heritage resource management (CHRM) and economic development. With the acquisition of federal funding necessary to complete a cultural interpretive centre, the Moricetown Band began the initial steps to construct the centre in the Moricetown Canyon, an area rich with sites dated to 6000 B.P. Unfortunately plans for the project did not include CHRM. Subsequently, the Office of the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en intervened and performed a salvage excavation that resulted in the discovery of thousands of artifacts and human remains. Accordingly, the project plans had to be changed leading to complications.Provincial and federal policies that govern CHRM on Reserve Lands failed to mandate the necessary steps that would have avoided this situation. As a result, due to their ongoing reactionary nature, lack of planning for CHRM, and insufficient community and hereditary consultation, the Moricetown Band has lost a significant portion of their initial funding for their project. Ironically, in the process to construct a cultural interpretive center, the Moricetown Band has destroyed significant amounts of their cultural heritage. It will also suggest potential steps for avoiding such situations in the future.}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10262, title = {An Alternate Model for First Nations Involvement in Resource Management Archaeology}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en are currently struggling to affirm and clarify their aboriginal and territorial rights through the BC Treaty process. While this process has continued, resource extraction activities have continued to remove large volumes of economically and culturally important resources. At present, there are very few areas of Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en territory that have not been impacted by logging or mining development. Processes have been established which are intended to assist the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en in protecting their cultural heritage resources and providing input into land use planning processes. However, despite these efforts, inadequate funding and increasingly {\textquoteright}streamlined{\textquoteright} regulatory controls have eroded the ability of the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en to influence the management of natural resources or the protection of cultural heritage features in a manner that reflects the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en vision and supports cultural survival.As a result, the Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en have taken a proactive approach to managing archaeological concerns within their traditional territory. Using accumulated cultural heritage and traditional knowledge information, a new methodology for how archaeology is conducted has been developed. The Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en are now an {\textquoteright}active partner{\textquoteright} with the proponent for all archaeological investigation within their territory. While this {\textquoteright}model{\textquoteright} assumes a certain level of capacity on behalf of the First Nation, elements can certainly be adopted by other Nations that will allow them to have greater involvement and influence over cultural heritage resource management decisions made regarding their traditional landscape.}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10261, title = {Traditions orales et arch{\'e}ologie autochtone : le programme du patrimoine culturel des Wet{\textquoteright}suwet{\textquoteright}en}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Rick Budhwa} } @Conference Paper {10263, title = {Archaeological Survey in the Heart of the Pediada: The Galatas Survey Project, Crete, 2005-2007}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {At the beginning of the MM IIIB period a new palace was founded on the Galatas Kephala in the central Pediada, on Crete. Among Minoan palaces Galatas is exceptional because it was abruptly constructed by Knossian architects in an area that had no previous palatial organization.}, author = {D. Matthew Buell} } @Conference Paper {10265, title = {The D.I.G. (Discoveries in Garbage) Project / Le projet D.I.G. (Discoveries in Garbage)}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In the spring of 1995 three agencies, the Saskatoon Wildlife Federation,the Saskatoon Board of Education and the Saskatchewan ArchaeologicalSociety embarked together on a project to remove an abandoned pheasantfarm garbage dump or {\textquoteright}midden{\textquoteright} from the premises of the newly designatedBrightwater Science and Environmental Centre, located about ten miles south of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The goal of the project was to restore the area to pristine {\textquoteright}pre-midden context{\textquoteright} by involving Saskatoon school children in archaeological removalof debris, assisted by members of the Saskatchewan Archaeological Society.Archaeological methods were to be taught, including careful recording ofartifacts and creation of a comparative collection of different types ofartifacts found. This paper will review the first two years of thisproject and demonstrate how it has helped achieve both environmental andeducational goals.}, author = {BUHR, Larry and Tim E.H. JONES and LEPP, Lorne P.} } @Conference Paper {10264, title = {The Archaeology of Brick Manufacture in Rural Saskatchewan / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie de la briqueterie dans la Saskatchewan rurale}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Coincidental with the opening of the Canadian prairie to European based agriculture in the late 1800s was development of commercial brickmaking to support construction of the infrastructure associated with the pioneering agriculture. The industry that arose to support this demand was borne from the same rich soil that supported agriculture, and for most of a century thrived as a small but viable activity. In Saskatchewan brick manufacture had a decidedly rural flavour, with both the early small endeavors and later, large scale operations being located near their respective clay sources in the countryside. This paper will present recent research on the history of this industry and its economic and technological impacts on rural Saskatchewan, as witnessed through archaeological and documentary examination of the brick plant sites and adjacent communities, including interviews with former plant workers.}, author = {BUHR, Larry} } @Conference Paper {10266, title = {An Experimental Evaluation of the Degradation of Lithic Artefacts}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Lithic artefacts recovered from intertidal and subtidal excavations range in integrity. This range includes unequivocal flaked and ground stone tools, clearly eroded lithics (which nevertheless demonstrate enough characteristic features to be categorized as artefacts), and ambiguous forms which are reminiscent of lithic artefacts in their general shape, size and contour, but which cannot by themselves be said to carry any indisputabe evidence of human alteration. This range of unequivocal to ambiguous is entirely expected within fluvial environments, but what we lack are any precise measurements or analogies which might aid us in determining if the {\textquoteright}reminiscent{\textquoteright} features we find on the highly eroded {\textquoteright}artefacts{\textquoteright} are demonstrably expected features. This paper will discuss issues surrounding the identification of highly eroded lithics, and explore the results of the experimental evaluation conducted as part of this research project.}, author = {Bulbrook, Elizabeth} } @article {9509, title = {Reconstructed Ceramic Pots: Relationships Between Whole Vessels and their Rim Sherds}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {219-222}, author = {Steven Bull} } @Obituaries {11429, title = {C. Moira Irvine (1941-1989)}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {225-226}, author = {Don Bunyan and R.G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9313, title = {The Kugaluk Site and the Nuvorugmiut. The Archaeology and History of a Nineteenth Century Mackenzie Inuit Society}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {266-270}, editor = {Ernest S. Burch Jr.} } @Conference Paper {10269, title = {Shellfish Analysis from the Dundas Island Group}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {This paper presents the methodology and preliminary results of shellfish analysis from sites on the Dundas Islands Group. Growth increment profiles of sectioned butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus) are used to interpret collection strategies, which can range from intensive harvesting of shellfish to light-casual collection. The variability in shellfish collection, and potential long-term harvesting strategies are interpreted through the comparison of growth increment profiles from different sites. Stable isotope analysis is also applied to determine potential patterns in seasonal collection strategies.}, author = {Meghan Burchell and Aubrey Cannon and Darren Grocke} } @Conference Paper {10268, title = {Examining the Framework for Gender Assumptions in Prehistoric Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper examines the frameworks that have traditionally supported assumptions, and interpretations regarding gender in prehistoric slavery on the coast of British Columbia. It uses a hybrid of ethnohistoric and archaeological data to examine the construction of gender analysis in two specific contexts. The first is how (and if) gender was a significant element of prehistoric slavery. The second is how archaeologists interpret gender into reconstructions of prehistoric coastal slavery. The main theme of this paper is to examine how and why interpretations of burial populations have incorporated gender-based assumptions of slavery into their analysis. It also discusses the potential theoretical difficulties in creating such assumptions which can potentially limit the threshold of burial data analysis in relation to not only social and gender roles, but also in the understanding of the identity of the original population in relation to status and rank. A set of criteria will be discussed which will assist in developing a model for the interpretation of gender and status in Northwest coast burials.}, author = {Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10267, title = {Repr{\'e}sentation des sexes et du statut dans les s{\'e}pultures de la c{\^o}te Nord-Ouest}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Meghan Burchell} } @article {9510, title = {Gender, Grave Goods and Status in British Columbia Burials}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {251-271}, abstract = {

A gender-based analysis of burials from the coast of British Columbia shows that there are no significant differences in the frequency of burial, or grave goods between male and female burials. A total of 1,130 burials were examined to identify any differences in age, sex, and grave good types. When examined regionally, within the south, central and north coasts, local patterns in mortuary treatment become apparent. Although the results for the north and south coasts show no difference in the overall frequency of grave goods between males and females, it does show that the south coast has more burials with grave goods and especially burials with ornamental inclusions. The regional differences in mortuary practices are explored through a discussion of descent systems, social structure, and the influence of conflict on mortuary ritual.

}, author = {Meghan Burchell} } @article {11807, title = {Stable Isotope Research in Canadian Archaeology: The Next 50 Years}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {115-123}, author = {Meghan Burchell and Alison Harris} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9390, title = {Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology as Historical Process}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {598-601}, editor = {Meghan Burchell} } @Conference Paper {10270, title = {SQUELETTOCHRONOLOGIE APPLIQU{\'e}E {\`a} L{\textquoteright}{\'e}TUDE DES SAISONS DE CHASSE AU PL{\'e}NIGLACLAIRE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {De nombreuses techniques existent permettant l{\textquoteright}observation des lignes de croissance dans le c{\'e}ment des dents de mammif{\'e}res terrestres. Celles-ci peuvent {\^e}tre corr{\'e}l{\'e}es, chaque technique nous apportant des informations diff{\'e}rentes sur la nature des structures observ{\'e}es. Cependant, la technique la plus {\'e}fficace pour l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du mat{\'e}riel fossile et sub-fossile reste l{\textquoteright}observation au microscope, sous lumi{\'e}re transmise, de lames minces non-d{\'e}calcifi{\'e}es. Dans cette {\'e}tude, des observations de dents actuelles de cheval ont {\'e}t{\'e} faites et il en r{\'e}sulte un mod{\'e}le d{\textquoteright}apposition du ciment chez cette esp{\'e}ce qui diff{\'e}re de celui d{\'e}j{\`a} observ{\'e} chez d{\textquoteright}autres ongul{\'e}s. Ce mod{\'e}le a {\'e}t{\'e} appliqu{\'e} {\`a} lanalyse microscopique sous lumi{\'e}re transmise (ordinaire et polaris{\'e}e) de dents fossiles provenant de sites pr{\'e}historiques (18,000 {\`a} 14,000 B.P.) du Sud Ouest de la France. Une estimation de l{\textquoteright}importance saisoni{\'e}re du cheval vis {\`a} vis le renne dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}conomie humaine de cette r{\'e}gion est faite, bas{\'e}e sur cette analyse et les donn{\'e}es de Gordon (1989). Les r{\'e}sultats obtenus de cette analyse nous permettent de souligner l{\textquoteright}importance de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement d{\textquoteright}un {\'e}chantiflon de contr{\^o}le, ainsi qu{\textquoteright}une analyse histologique approfondie, permettant une meilleure comprehension du mod{\'e}le de d{\'e}p{\^o}t du c{\'e}ment pour l{\textquoteright}esp{\'e}ce {\'e}tudi{\'e}e. Les r{\'e}sultats arch{\'e}ologiques qui d{\'e}coulent de cette {\'e}tude nous permettent de constater une certaine compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} entre le cheval et le renne dans les sites arch{\'e}ologiques du Pl{\'e}niglaciaire dans le Sud Ouest de la France.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10279, title = {The Archaeology of a Portage Route The T{\'e}miscouata Project}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {For the past three years, the University of Montreal has carried out archaeological research in the T{\'e}miscouata region of eastern Quebec. This region is characterized by a network of lakes and rivers which connect the upper St. John drainage to the St. Lawrence River. The area. appears to be intermittently occupied from the Late Archaic to the contact period. Over 50 sites have been found here since 1964, including two chert quarries and several lithic workshops. This paper will outline our current research on lithic procurement strategies, regional settlement patterns, and cultural identity of the Middle to Late Woodland occupants.}, author = {Burke, Adrian and Eric Chalifoux} } @Conference Paper {10274, title = {An initial survey of suitable sites for fishing properties on Scatary Island (Nova Scotia)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In August 1998, an archaeological survey was conducted on Scatary Island, southeast of Cape Breton, to locate twelve fishing properties established subsequent to land grants in 1718. The properties led to permanent settlement on the island. Two years before the exploration, archival research had been conducted in Canada and France. The examination of sectors that had previously been evaluated through aerial photography made it possible to produce a computerized map, with the assistance of Professor Gerard Mackinnon of the GIS/GPS Centre at the University College of Cape Breton. Sites that were located were positioned the first week of observation. Potential sectors were photographed in detail so that the evaluation of the landscape could continue off the field and future work could be planned. During this brief exploration, it was possible to locate the 18th-century properties and other sites that have been occupied since the mid-19th century.}, author = {Burke, Charles and Jean-Pierre Chrestien} } @Conference Paper {10283, title = {Seasonal Indicators at Blaefish Caves, Yukon Territory: Seasonal Mortality and Age Profiles for Horse (Equus lambei)}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In addition to having yielded the earliest evidence of human occupation of eastern Beringia, the Bluefish Caves of northem Yukon, Canada, have also provided us with the largest and most complex in situ late PIeistocene fauna ever recorded in this region, if not in all of Beringia. This paper presents some preliminary research results on an important component of die Bluefish fauna, the equids (Equus lambei). More specifically, it presents data derived from the study of seasonal mortality profiles of these now extinct Beringian small horses. Estimates of season of death, used in this research, are obtained from a skeleto-chronologicaI study of a relatively large sample of horse teeth recovered from these three caves. Age profiles are also obtained using this technique. Seasonal mortality and age profiles of equid assemblages from the three Bluefish caves are compared. In contributing to the reconstruction of Full and Late Glacial landscapes in the Bluefish region, as well as in the large region of eastern Beringia, this research provides us with the means to investigate further the so-called {\textquoteright}productivity paradox{\textquoteright}, and may thus lead to a better appreciation of very ancient and poorly understood forms of human adaptation.}, author = {A. Burke and J. Cinq-Mars} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9235, title = {Understanding Stone Tools and Archaeological Sites}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {144-146}, editor = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Conference Paper {10278, title = {Archaeological Research at The Fortress of Louisbourg NHS}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper will present the results of a six-year archaeology project designed to record cultural resources in the installation corridors for new underground services at the Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site of Canada. Besides requiring extensive archaeological research, mitigation, and salvage, the project permitted us to reevaluate past excavation, identify undisturbed areas, and for streets, to undertake a systematic approach to the recovery of cultural remains. Although more than a quarter of the original French townsite is excavated, serious information gaps remain. Throughout the 1960s and 70s archaeology focussed on the recovery of structural data for the reconstruction program with yards and streets frequently unexcavated. Over the past six years, archaeology has provided significant new information (and 150,000 artifacts) about the 18th century town and its suburbs. In particular, three seasons devoted to the excavation of Louisbourg{\textquoteright}s principal streets provide an opportunity to analyse street features like pav{\'e} and drainage systems in a broader context than before. Most important, the use of digital technology and GIS allows us to create seamless and accurate mosaics of archaeological features excavated and removed over several years.}, author = {Burke, Charles} } @Conference Paper {10273, title = {Patterns of land-use in Western Crimea during the Middle Palaeolithic}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Several Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Crimea (Ukraine) have recently been excavated. These sites cluster along the limestone escarpments that form the northern margins of the Crimean Mountains. Topographic, environmental and behavioural data from these sites and other, previously excavated sites is used to build an hypothesis for a regional pattern of land-use during the Middle Palaeolithic for future testing.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10282, title = {Assessing Seasonal Mobility in Human Populations and their Prey during the Upper Palaeolithic in Southwestern France}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper will examine current models of hunter/ gatherer settlement organisation for the Upper Palaeolithic in Southwestern France. Skelettochronological data and other seasonal indicators from a regional sample of Pleniglacial sites in the Aquitaine Basin will be used to assess the validity of the proposed models in this region. The mobility of human populations will be examined relative to the season movements of important prey species such as Rangifer tarandus, and Equus caballus. Human hunting strategies will also be examined relative to the known behaviour (ethology) of principal prey.}, author = {Burke, Ariane M.} } @Conference Paper {10277, title = {Archetypal Seascapes and Landscapes: Coast and Interior in the Archaeology of the Maritime Peninsula}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaeological research in the Maritime Peninsula continues to grapple with the issue of coastal and interior occupations, particularly in terms of how these articulate with each other. This paper discusses the concept of coastal and interior adapted groups during the Ceramic period (ca. 3000 BP to 400 BP) by looking at how it is presented in the oral histories of the Native peoples of the region, 17th century ethnohistoric documents, 19th century nature writing, 20th century ethnographies, and current ecological and archaeological data. The idea of archetypal seascapes or landscapes is explored as a possible key to our understanding of this coast-interior concept and its use in archaeological interpretation.}, author = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9043, title = {Archaeological Chemistry (2nd Edition)}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {119-121}, editor = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Conference Paper {10272, title = {Butchery of a sheep in rural Tunisia (North Africa): repercussions for the study of patterns of bone disposal}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The process of killing and butchering a sheep in a small, rural village in Tunisia, is described from the perspective of marks produced on bone. Special attention is paid to patterns of bone disposal. Aside from the method of killing and bleeding the animal, which is done according to the rules of Hallel butchering, logical rules involving principles of least effort govern the processing of the carcass. The tools available, the manpower and the culinary traditions of the area also govern many of the decisions taken by the butcher. These data provide a basis for comparison with archaeozoological collections from similar cultural contexts, including late Roman and Byzantine settings in Tunisia.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10281, title = {L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie d{\textquoteright}un portage : le projet t{\'e}miscouata}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Depuis trois ans, l{\textquoteright}Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al r{\'e}alise un projet de recherche arch{\'e}ologique dans la r{\'e}gion du T{\'e}miscouata. Cette r{\'e}gion est caract{\'e}ris{\'e}e par un r{\'e}seau hydrographique permettant l{\textquoteright}acc{\'e}s {\`a} l{\textquoteright}estuaire du Saint-Laurent au nord et au bassin de la rivi{\'e}re Saint-Jean plus au sud. Depuis 1964, plus de 50 sites ont {\'e}t{\'e} inventori{\'e}s dans ce secteur, incluant deux affleurements de chert et plusieurs ateliers de taille. Cette communication pr{\'e}sentera un aper{\c c}u de nos recherches concernant les diff{\'e}rentes strat{\'e}gies l{\textquoteright}acquisition des mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res, des sch{\'e}mes d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement et de l{\textquoteright}identit{\'e} culturelle des occupants de la r{\'e}gion, du Sylvicole moyen jusqu{\textquoteright}au Sylvicole sup{\'e}rieur.}, author = {Burke, Adrian and Eric Chalifoux} } @article {9511, title = {Archaeological Survey in Eastern Guadalajara Province, Spain: Initial Results}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {048-069}, abstract = {

The Palaeolithic record of the interior of the Iberian Peninsula, the central Meseta, is still relatively poorly documented. In this article we report the results of a preliminary, stratified survey conducted in the eastern part of the province of Guadalajara during 2009 and 2010. The survey enabled us to identify a series of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites in an area where no previously recorded Palaeolithic sites exist. These results, in turn, are used to propose a predictive model of archaeological potential that will guide further surveys in the target region.

}, author = {Burke, A. and J. Ma{\'\i}llo Fern{\'a}ndez and N. Fuertes Prieto and M. Bisson and P.~James and G. Levavasseur} } @Conference Paper {10276, title = {Middle Palaeolithic Settlement Systems}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {It has been suggested that, in order to understand the organization of past cultural systems, archaeologists should strive to understand inter-site relationships (Binford 1982). Traditionally, these relationships have been studied from the perspective of seasonal cycles of occupation, distance to raw material sources, and the quantity and diversity of tools. The function of a site within an integrated, regional system sometimes defies categorization in these terms, however - particularly in Middle Palaeolithic contexts. This paper explores prehistoric settlement systems from the perspective of systems of raw material procurement, animal procurement strategies and the building of social networks within defined territories.}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10285, title = {La pal{\'e}ontologie comme instrument pour d{\'e}chiffrer les relations pr{\'e}dateur-proie et la chasse aux hominid{\'e}s : {\'e}tude}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Burke, Ariane} } @Conference Paper {10271, title = {Changing Meanings, Changing Roles: Archaeometry of European and Native Materials from Early Contact Period Sites in the Far Northeast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The earliest phase of Aboriginal-European contact in the far Northeast remains to this day poorly understood. European documentary sources for the sixteenth and first decades of the seventeenth centuries are meager and sometimes contradictory with respect to aboriginal lifeways in the Maritimes, Maine and eastern Quebec region. Archaeology, combined with archaeometric analyses, can improve our knowledge of this elusive period in Northeast history. European materials are often incorporated alongside aboriginal materials on many Contact period sites in the Northeast. In some cases these materials are found in contexts of symbolic significance such as burials. In order to better understand the role that these European materials might play in aboriginal life and afterlife, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were conducted on European and Native materials from early Contact period sites in Maine and Quebec. Comparable materials from other contact and prehistoric sites in the greater Northeast were analyzed in order to provide baseline data. Despite the fundamental changes which aboriginal society underwent following European contact, the use of European equivalents to aboriginal materials seems to show continuity as well as change in how these materials are incorporated into the physical and symbolic life of aboriginal people during the earliest Contact period.}, author = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9026, title = {The Swordfish Hunters: The History and Ecology of an Ancient American Sea People}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {331-333}, editor = {Adrian L. Burke} } @Conference Paper {10280, title = {Reconstructing the {\textquoteright}Age du Renne{\textquoteright}}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {A popular representation of reindeer-dependent Ice Age peoples has endured since the designation {\textquoteright}Age du Renne{\textquoteright} was bestowed upon the Upper Paleolithic of Southwest France in 1877. In this paper we expand the discussion of French Upper Paleolithic subsistence and settlement activities to include other prey species and ask whether the apparent emphasis on Rangifer is (a) the result of strategic planning (i.e. specialization), on the part of hunters, or (b) a function of species availability. Seasonality studies and prey mortality patterns are used as a means of assessing the degree to which Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers in Southwest France relied on reindeer.}, author = {Burke, Ariane and Anne Pike-Tay} } @Conference Paper {10275, title = {Geophysical Survey of a Late Prehistoric Site in Eastern Quebec}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {A geophysical survey was carried out during the summer of 2004 on a late prehistoric site in the eastern Quebec region of Bas-Saint-Laurent. The site, CjEd-5, dates to the Middle and Late Ceramic (Woodland) period and contains several stratified occupations within fine alluvial sediments. We carried out the magnetometer survey using a Bartington Grad 601 fluxgate gradiometer at closely spaced intervals of 1 metre. This poster presents the results of the survey and compares these to subsequent excavations that served as a {\textquoteright}ground truth{\textquoteright} of the non-invasive geophysical investigation. The results were overwhelmingly positive and allowed us to save valuable time and resources by concentrating our excavations on features that were most likely to provide radiocarbon dates and close associations of artifact classes such as faunal remains and lithics.}, author = {Adrian L. Burke and Jason Jeandron} } @Conference Paper {10284, title = {Faunal Approaches to Logistical Complexity During the Mousterian in Western Crimea / Analyses zoologiques et d{\'e}termination de la complexit\&eac}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Three Mousterian sites from Western Crimea have provided ample faunal material for zooarchaeological study. Preliminary results allow us to reconstruct the regional and local environments of these sites. The three sites under consideration also provide us with illuminating contrasts in site function, location and faunal inventory. Early analysis indicates that they form part of what was undoubtedly a complex logistical system.}, author = {Burke, A.} } @Conference Paper {10288, title = {Scarcity, abundance and steady state procurement systems: towards an understanding of east coast/west coast cultural developments}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Despite similarities in the range of exploitable resources and associated technological capacities, the indigenous peoples of the northeast and northwest coasts of North America had markedly divergent paths in a cultural evolutionary perspective. It is argued that such a differential development is related to varied intensities of specialization on the salmon resource and basic differences in the anadromy of species within this resource. The Pacific salmon, due to its once-only spawning cycle, has been described as producing extreme periods of both scarcity and abundance. Procurement and preservation strategies require large scale cooperation, regularized labour organization and some formalized mechanism for intra group redistribution. These traits are suggested to be the foundation stones for the ethnographic northwest coast cultural pattern. The Atlantic salmon, on the other hand, is available throughout the warm weather period thus providing a steady state resource. Seasonal scheduling to exploit this species is integrated into a generalized subsistence strategy whereby several resources can be procured simultaneously. Subsistence pursuits are best carried out by small, mobile groups of egalitarian hunters and gatherers.}, author = {David Burley} } @article {9514, title = {Response to Solicited Dialogues on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {127-134}, author = {David Burley} } @Conference Paper {10287, title = {Plowed Site Spatial Reconstructions: The Bartibog Site as an Example}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In recent years, archaeologists have realized the value of analyzing the horizontal dimension in archaeological sites. That is, we now attempt to interpret site activity (settlement) patterning on the basis of artifact spatial associations on each of our occupation floors. Several analytic techniques, subsequently borrowed from quantitative plant ecology and geography, have been employed toward this end with relative success. However, the majority of applications thus far almost always have dealt with ideal data from undisturbed sites collected with exact provenience. Few have investigated the possibilities that spatial patterning may still be in existence within single component occupation floors following plowing. This paper reviews the problem by conducting a spatial analysis of materials excavated at the Bartibog site (CgDi 1), a late prehistoric component in northeastern New Brunswick. Several artifact class correlations are recognized and interpretations offered.}, author = {David Burley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9044, title = {The Buffalo Lake Metis Site: A Late Nineteenth Century Settlement in the Parkland of Central Alberta}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {240-243}, editor = {David Burley} } @article {9513, title = {Flaked Stone Technology and the 1870s Hivernant Metis: a Question of Context}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {151-163}, abstract = {

Previous interpretation of hivernant Metis archaeological sites argues for a maintenance of lithic technology through the 1870s on the Canadian plains and parklands. Originating with Metis Indian ancestry, flaked stone tools, in association with historic technology, are viewed as the logical consequence of ethnic blending. Recent research at three hivernant wintering villages in Saskatchewan calls this association into question. In closer examination of the claims for lithic technology at other sites, the evidence is found to be equivocal. In this paper hivernant stone flaking is argued to be a product of archaeological interpretation based on fortuitous circumstance rather than historical reality.

}, author = {David Burley} } @Conference Paper {10286, title = {The Beer that Made Milwaukee Jealous - Klondike Fashion}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Promoting itself as having the {\textquoteright}beer that made the Klondike famous and Milwaukee jealous{\textquoteright}, the O{\textquoteright}Brien Brewing and Malting Company opened the Klondike Brewery in 1904. Located in Lousetown across the Klondike River from Dawson City, O{\textquoteright}Brien{\textquoteright}s operation continued its production until prohibition of 1919. Archaeological survey and assessment of the brewery site in 1998 provides a range of data on brewery layout, its production line, equipment, and the cooperage. The present paper presents an overview and field report on this work.}, author = {David Burley} } @article {9512, title = {A Never Ending Story: Historical Developments in Canadian Archaeology and the Quest for Federal Heritage Legislation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {077-098}, abstract = {

Canada is one of the few first world nations lacking integrated and comprehensive heritage resource managment policy on a federal level. Though considerable sums of money have been spent by the Canadian government on archaeology from the 1960s to the present, and despite consistent lobbying efforts by the Canadian archaeological community, this situation remains in place. A critical history of Canadian archaeology and its politic, including recent Department of Communications initiatives for antiquities legislation is provided. With this latter legislation now forestalled, alternatives and challenges for the Canadian archaeological community in the remainder of the 1990s are identified.

}, author = {David Burley} } @article {9556, title = {On the spatial analysis of a plowed site at Bartibog}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {82-105}, author = {David Burley} } @Conference Paper {10289, title = {CRM in the Ivory Tower}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Both in Canada and in the United States, the vast majority of university graduates in archaeology find employment in the CRM field. Notwithstanding this fact, very few universities offer more than a token CRM related course, and academic faculty shun the notion of applied training for students. Brian Fagan, quite appropriately, labels the situation An Academic Time Warp. Our paper provides a survey of CRM in the Ivory Tower highlighting on-going program developments in CRM at Sonoma State (California) and Simon Fraser universities.}, author = {David Burley and Margaret Purser} } @article {9515, title = {Specialization and the Evolution of Complex Society in the Gulf of Georgia Region}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {131-143}, abstract = {The Coast Salish cultural pattern is viewed as a specialized hunting and gathering adaptation which has evolved out of a more generalized format. Accepting the interface between the Locarno Beach and Marpole culture types (circa 400 B.C.) as the transition point, it is difficult to recognize either the stimulus behind such a development or the mechanism by which it occurred. It is maintained that the Hope/Yale region of the Fraser Canyon is a locale better suited, in an ecological sense, for the generalized to specialized transformation. It is also suggested that immigration or full population movement from that area to the Fraser delta formed the basis for subsequent developments.}, author = {David Burley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9410, title = {Faunal remains from the Nodwell site (BcHi-3) from four other sites in Bruce County, Ontario}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {230-232}, editor = {James A. Burns} } @Conference Paper {10292, title = {We Don{\textquoteright}t {\textquoteright}Dig{\textquoteright} Dinosaurs - Doing Public Archaeology in Manitoba / {\textquoteright}Non, nous ne {\textquoteright}fouillons{\textquoteright} pas les dinosaures.{\textquoteright} -}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The Manitoba Archaeological Society has been actively participating in public archaeology for the past 35 years. The association has been run by a small group of dedicated individuals who are professional archaeologists or archaeological students, living and breathing archaeology as a profession, a hobby, a form of exercise and a recreational activity. These enthusiastic people have undertaken the education of Manitoban{\textquoteright}s regarding Manitoba{\textquoteright}s cultural heritage using a variety of venues with varying degrees of success. The goals of public archaeology appear to be both simple and grand and the commitment to do public archaeology can be found in the MAS {\textendash} What could possibly go wrong?}, author = {BURNS, Leslie and Linda Larcombe} } @Conference Paper {10291, title = {Rights of Passage: Addressing Some Wrongs in the {\textquoteright}Ice-free Corridor{\textquoteright} Debate from a Paleontologist{\textquoteright}s Point of View}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The advent of early humans in the New World has, for many years, assumed a route was available, likely through Alberta, at some time during, or just after, die Wisconsinan glacial stage. The notion dovetailed with the mounting evidence for habitation sites of that age in the contiguous United States. However, much was said and written without direct references to the evidence on the ground and in the ground of Alberta. In the last 9 years, over 70 dates exceeding 9000 y BP have been run for the Provincial Museum on animal bones and wood from paleontological sites across the province. These dates bracket a gaping hiatus from around 22,000 to 11,600 y BR. Big game hunters from Asia were absent from the region because conditions in the alleged {\textquoteright}ice-free{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}western{\textquoteright} corridor were unsuitable even for big game. The demonstrable explanation is extensive late Wisconsinan glaciation. The {\textquoteright}First Albertans{\textquoteright} so far discovered postdate the earliest postglacial bone dates by about 1000 y, but mounting evidence for a single glaciation in Alberta (=Late Wisconsinan) also suggests that the field was open for many millennia before glacial onset around 22,000 y BP. So, when was the New World occupied, and by what route? The search continues.}, author = {James A. Burns} } @Conference Paper {10290, title = {Archaeology of the Petit Nord; Learning from People along the Northeast Coast of Newfoundland}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The main goal of the Archaeology of the Petit Nord project is to record the maritime cultural landscape of the French seasonal fishery in the Petit Nord region of Newfoundland, between 1504 and 1904. For my MA project I looked at a specific kind of feature {\textendash}crosses and calvaires, which appeared in the Petit Nord landscape as early as 1680. Three monumental crosses are still standing in Carouge Bay, although these particular crosses were rebuilt by the French navy in the 1930s. During the summer of 2007, I conducted community archaeology at Dos-de-Cheval site (EfAx-09) to document those features. The French Shore Historical Society based in Conche was incredibly helpful throughout the project, and put me in touch with community members to interview regarding these features. This presentation will focus on the difficulties I faced as a young francophone woman trying to get information from older English residents of the Conche Peninsula about something they know but do not consider as part of their own culture.}, author = {M{\'e}lissa Burns} } @article {9517, title = {Discerning Storage and Structures at the Forster Site: A Princess Point Component in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {191-233}, abstract = {

The Forster site, a Princess Point occupation on the Lower Grand River in Caledonia, Ontario, has produced some of the earliest evidence of Iroquoian community organisation and settlement systems in southern Ontario. Excavation at this site in 1997 produced evidence of a structural type that has not been previously described in detail. The settlement pattern and artifactual remains recovered are examined, and the identification of one of the structures recovered from the site as a specialised storage structure is discussed in the context of Iroquoian social and economic organisation. Investigations that incorporate multiple lines of evidence, recovered from all depositional contexts, such as was done at the Forster site, will increase our understanding of the role of domestication in the evolution of the Iroquoian social and economic system.

}, author = {Jeffrey A. Bursey} } @Conference Paper {10295, title = {Insights from End Scrapers: A Case Study from the Anderson Site on the Lower Grand River of Southern Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Anderson Site (AfGx-54) was an early Uren Substage village site, dating to late in the 12th century A.D., salvage excavated in 1991 near the Town of Cayuga in southern Ontario. Certainly the most notable aspect of the recovered assemblage is the remnants of the chipped lithic industry, the analysis of which is ongoing. In this presentation, I will be examining a specific form of end scraper recovered during the investigations referred to informally in the literature as Glen Meyer Stemmed Snubnose. To date, there have been no relatively large assemblages analysed in detail since the original type was proposed over 30 years ago. Here I will provide a brief overview of the end scrapers recovered from the Anderson site that conform to this type. Particular attention will be devoted to examples that appear to be particularly well-made so as to draw attention to the reduction sequence. In particular, I will focus on the sequence of decisions used in manufacturing this style of end scraper as well as differences in the type of flakes removed compared to the knapping style observable in biface production. Finally, an example of the product of a juvenile or inexperienced knapper will be considered in order to generate some insights into how knapping had been learned in a prehistoric context.}, author = {Bursey, Jeff} } @article {9516, title = {The Frog Pond Site (AhGx{\textendash}359): The Identification of a 17th Century Neutral Iroquoian Medicine Lodge in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {

The Frog Pond site (AhGx-359) was discovered and completely excavated in advance of a proposed highway construction project near Hamilton, Ontario. The archaeological remains recovered from this site do not conform to that of a \“typical\” 17th-century Iroquoian cabin site. Instead, the site is interpreted as a medicine lodge on the basis of analogies drawn from the ethnographic record. It is argued that case studies such as this one have great potential to inform us on topics such as continuity, change in religious practices, and ethnic identity.

}, author = {Jeffrey A. Bursey} } @Conference Paper {10294, title = {The Ceramics from the Tara and Ireland Sites : Three Terminal Glen Meyer Components in the Burlington/Crawford Lake Area}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In the summer of 1990, two overlapping villages at the Tara Site and a third village at the Ireland Site, were completely excavated by the Ministry of Transportation, central Region in the Burlington area just southeast of the well-known Crawford Lake area. Analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these three sites indicates an ethnic affiliation with the Glen Meyer late in the 13th century. In light of these results, the hypothesis of a distinction between Glen Meyer and Pickering in the Early Ontario Iroquoian Period appears supported at the expense of clinal variation. Further implications oft his ethnic affiliation, however, are that the Bennett and Gunby sites, previously assigned to the late Pickering, are instead Uren Substage sites evolved from a Glen Meyer base. This conclusion would seriously undermine the basis of the Conquest Hypothesis . Finally, it can be noted that the presumed boundary between the Neutral and the Southern division Huron, located between the Crawford Lake area and the Credit River in the late prehistoric period, appears to have an ancestry in the early Late Woodland, coincident with the boundary between the Glen Meyer and Pickering.}, author = {Bursey, Jeff A.} } @Conference Paper {10293, title = {Early Archaic Site Clusters: The Problems of Identification and Interpretation}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Clusters of Paleoindian (Fluted Point Horizon) sites have become an accepted part of the late Pleistocene landscape. Over the last decade or so, similar clusters of Early Archaic (Corner-Notched Point Horizon) sites have been discovered as a result of CRM activities across southern Ontario. In this paper, the characteristics of these site clusters will be discussed as well as some possible interpretations based on the literature of ethnographically documented hunter/gatherer settlement patterns.}, author = {Jeffrey A. Bursey} } @Conference Paper {10296, title = {An Interpretation of Population Dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands as Evidenced by Research at the Mullett Site in Southwestern Manitoba}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {This paper presents results of recent excavations at the Mullett site in southwestern Manitoba within the framework of how data accumulated contributes to understanding population dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands ecological zone. The site demonstrates occupations dating from early Archaic to late historic times, but the focus here is on Besant through Late Woodland occupations. The paper discusses the ecology of the region and speculates on how ceramic and lithic material provide clues on population dynamics in the Grassland/Parklands interface region.}, author = {Burton, Gaye and Teresa Hill} } @Conference Paper {10297, title = {Holocene Climate Change and the Lake Baikal Region}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Through the use of various proxy data techniques, it has been demonstrated that climate during the early- to mid-Holocene was significantly different than today{\textquoteright}s climate. For example, the Earth{\textquoteright}s orbital parameters (which regulate the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar radiation) were different than they are today and induced much stronger seasonal variations in temperature, particularly in continental interiors. Seasonal climate phenomena such as the South Asian monsoon were therefore much stronger than they are now. Experiments with global general circulation models (GCMs) have been quite successful in reproducing these Holocene climate changes. We will first present a summary of results from both proxy data analyses and numerical modelling of Holocene climate on a global scale. We will then discuss the current state of knowledge regarding regional Holocene climate in the Lake Baikal region, and present some techniques currently in use to downscale global GCM results to the finer spatial scale that is required for model-data intercomparisons in the region.}, author = {Bush, Andrew B.G. and Dustin White} } @Conference Paper {10298, title = {Geochemical Investigations of Inuit Winter Dwellings In Northern Labrador}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Inuit people of northern Labrador had a variety of effects on their landscape. However, there is an absence of archaeological research addressing their inadvertent influence on the soil{\textquoteright}s chemical record. Here, I contribute to this type of research by investigating the geochemical characteristics of soils from Inuit winter dwellings at Iglosiatik Island, Nachvak Fiord, and Komaktorvik Fiord, northern Labrador. My research at these locations distinguishes the geochemical composition of soils in association with household taskscapes, adding a geoarchaeological perspective to the Inuit use of space within winter dwellings. Spaces in these households had socially prescribed and proscribed functions, and the habitus enacted in these taskscapes modifies the soil{\textquoteright}s chemical record. As such, repetitive behaviour in spatially discrete locations can increase the concentration of inorganic elements or introduce foreign ones into the soilscape. These geochemical reflections of behaviour are useful for understanding social structures and identifying taskscapes that have no direct architectural or artefactual evidence. The geochemical characteristics of soils from lamp stands, cooking niches, storage niches, dwelling floors, sleeping platforms, entrance tunnels, and refuse disposal areas underwent comparison with off-site control samples to determine their degree of anthropogenic alteration. Elemental compositions of these soils were measured using x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma {\textendash} mass spectroscopy, while reduction {\textendash} oxidation potential, pH, and total dissolved solids were determined using electronic meters. Correspondence and principle components analysis identified the distinct geochemical signatures of these cultural spaces.}, author = {Don Butler} } @article {9518, title = {Exploring Soilscapes and Places Inside Labrador Inuit Winter Dwellings}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {055-085}, abstract = {

Inuit people have interacted with northern Labrador\’s landscape in countless ways. This research explored their influence on the element compositions of soils beneath winter dwellings at three settlements. The objectives were to expand the range of element enrichments associated with Inuit dwellings and to consider variations within these enrichments, thereby contributing to reconstructions of how these people used indoor spaces. Six dwellings were sampled using a stratified systematic strategy. Multielement analyses using x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy identified higher concentrations of phosphorus, sulphur, barium, lead, hafnium, caesium, lanthanum, and europium in archaeological samples relative to background samples. These enrichments relate to peoples\’ use of sea mammal oil as lamp fuel, of baleen in sleeping platform construction, of recycled materials for building, and of European goods. Variations in element concentrations between dwellings indicate that cultural soilscapes have potential for identifying processes of stability and change in the use of interior places.

}, author = {Don Butler} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11947, title = {The Ancient State of Puyo in Northeast Asia: Archeology and Historical Memory}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {301-303}, editor = {Maksim Stoyakin} } @article {9520, title = {Fresno Reservoir Pottery: Saskatchewan Basin Ceramics in Northern Montana}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {001-025}, abstract = {

A series of ceramics from five sites in the Fresno Reservoir area of north central Montana is described. These ceramics fall into two categories, one resembling Middle Missouri wares, and the other resembling pottery of the Saskatchewan Basin Complex. The presence of the latter is taken to indicate cultural relationships with southern Alberta. and suggests an occupation of the Fresno Reservoir area by Blackfeet.

}, author = {James D. Keyser with a comment by W.J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10302, title = {Unexpected Contributions From An Unusual Man}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {For close to 30 years, the Province of Alberta has enjoyed the benefits of some of the most comprehensive heritage legislation in North America. As a result of its existence, a cultural resource management regime has been developed which sees the routine conduct of archaeological investigations in conjunction with development projects throughout the Province. These projects range in scale from multi-million dollar investigations spanning five years or more, involving a host of professionals and large territories such as those encompassed by the oil sands mining programmes in northern Alberta, down to brief inspections of individual residential properties. The cumulative effect of these investigations has been to open vast chapters of Alberta{\textquoteright}s prehistory. The existence of this system and the results it generates can be traced to the pioneering leadership of Richard G. Forbis.}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @article {9519, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story\&"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {099-101}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10301, title = {The Archaeological Survey of Alberta}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {With the passage of the Alberta Heritage Act 1973, the province of Alberta changed from a province with little or no legislation relevant to archaeological resource management to one with a modern integrated legislative package concerned not only with archaeological protection but also with the promotion of archaeological investigation and documentation. This legislation has, in the intervening two years, been supplemented by amendments to the original Act which have served to strengthen its authority, and by the establishment of a provincial agency designed specifically to implement the provisions of the Act as they pertain to archaeology. At this time it is possible to review the activities of the Survey in its first two years, and to predict future activities and developments.}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10300, title = {The Pine Rise at Crawford Lake: Climate Change or Human Impact?}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In a series of papers Campbell and McAndrews have developed the thesis that prominent pine rise in the Crawford Lake pollen record was the result of climate change, i.e., Little Ice Age cooling. As a corollary of this thesis the same authors also argue that Iroquoian forest clearance had only a minor effect on the vegetation of southern Ontario. A reconsideration of the Crawford Lake pollen record in the light of newly available archaeological evidence uncovered by Finlayson and his co-workers suggests that the climate change thesis is invalid. In this paper the implications of the pollen and archaeological records are reviewed. Several broader questions relating to the magnitude and ecological impact of of Little Ice Age cooling will also be considered.}, author = {BYRNE, A. Roger} } @Conference Paper {10299, title = {The Prehistory and Ethnohistory of the Canadian Plains as Reflected by Ceramics}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Although the ceramics from the Canadian plains are sparse in quantity, their formal and stylistic variations, at least in southern Alberta and the adjacent portions of Saskatchewan, are sufficiently distinctive to determine that the pottery can be divided into two major ceramic traditions, the Saskatchewan Basin complex and the Cluny complex. An Early variant of the Saskatchewan Basin complex is affiliated with Avonlea phase occupations dating approximately between A.D. 600 and A.D. 900, and a Late variant with subsequent Old Women{\textquoteright}s phase components; both of these phases were originally defined on the basis of non-ceramic{\textendash}mainly lithic{\textendash}data. The Cluny complex, in contrast, associates with a new phase, the One Gun phase, which appears to represent an intrusion of Middle Missouri peoples into the area sometime after A.D. 1725. It would appear quite definite that the Cluny complex/One Gun phase materials were manufactured by a splinter group of the Hidatsa, possibly the Crow, while at least the Late variant of the Saskatchewan Basin complex/Old Women{\textquoteright}s phase assemblages are the remains of prehistoric and protohistoric Blackfoot groups.}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Symposium Papers {11004, title = {The resource question and rescue archaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {109-121}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10303, title = {Historical Issues and Evolution in CRM: A View from Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In any given jurisdiction, the beginnings of Cultural Resource Management are generally equated with the passage of appropriately named legislation or the introduction of specifically focussed programs. Alberta is no exception, and the initiation has generally been equated with the passage of the Alberta Historical Resources Act in 1972. In reality, CRM has been an important factor in the heritage movement for far longer than that, and the issues and principles of significance to the discipline have been evolving for well over 100 years.}, author = {William J. Byrne} } @Conference Paper {10304, title = {Old Copper Artifacts from Northwestern Ontario}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent copper artifact recoveries, together with a review of previously reported finds in Northwestern Ontario, are compared to types established in Wisconsin. Their distribution is plotted and the typology confirmed. Large copper gaffs, socketed pikes and punches and rat-tailed spatulas not previously typed characterize the assemblage in the region. Considering the associated materials, the context and extensive recoveries and the spatial distribution, it is suggested that the manifestations do not represent trade or movement of people into the region as has been suggested for the manifestations in Minnesota and Manitoba. Typology and provenience suggest a centre, predating the Nipissing stage, of early Old Copper at the junctions of major rivers and Lake Superior. This is particularly evident in the data of the Kaministiquia River. The assemblage persists and spreads east and west in the middle Old Copper period but is poorly represented by the late period.}, author = {Dawson. Kenneth C.A.} } @Conference Paper {10305, title = {Implications of the {\textquoteright}Sicco{\textquoteright} Harpoon Head Type in Thule Culture}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A recent examination of archaeological specimens excavated from the Thule Eskimo site at Naujan, Repulse Bay revealed the presence of several harpoon heads of the Sicco Open Socket type, a form not chosen by Mathiassen for illustration in his {\textquoteright}Archaeology of the Central Eskimos.{\textquoteright} Recently acquired data pertaining to the distribution of this artifact type suggests that it was an integral part of at least one variant of the initial Thule expression in the Canadian Arctic. Following a discussion on the validity of typological analysis, a consideration of the variation expressed in this harpoon head type serves to pose several questions regarding the nature of the cultural base which figured in the early development of the Thule culture.}, author = {Arnold C.D.} } @Conference Paper {10306, title = {INUIT WOMEN AS A CATALY T FOR CHANGE: A REPORT ON THE EXCAVATION OF THE NAIN MIDDEN (1780-1890)}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A feminist agenda in archaeology recognizes the significance of gender as a universal principle of social organization. The pronounced division of labour along gender lines is well recognized in Inuit ethnography as well as in arctic archaeology (McGhee 1981). Archaeological excavation of a deep stratified midden at Nain affords an opportunity to consider the role of Inuit women in the nineteenth century.}, author = {Cabak, Melanie} } @Conference Paper {10308, title = {Towards A Stewardship Program for Alberta{\textquoteright}s Heritage Resources}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {There are now in excess of 26,000 archaeological sites and 77,000 historic features recorded in Alberta. It is the responsibility of the Heritage Resource Management Branch of Alberta Community Development to manage and protect heritage sites that may be threatened by a variety of land developments. Management decisions are usually made at the time developments are proposed and the preferred method of mitigating potential impacts is through avoidance, thus preserving the resource for the future. However, sufficient mechanisms are not in place to ensure that avoidance is followed through by developers and that avoided sites are not impacted by later, unregulated, activities. The long term protection of heritage resources is in the interest of all Albertans. This paper examines ways of achieving effective stewardship of heritage resources through partnerships and agreements with a variety of stakeholders.}, author = {Cailliau, Juliette and DAMKJAR, Eric and Dean Wetzel} } @Conference Paper {10310, title = {Temporal and Spatial Shifts in Resource Acquisition Patterns as Seen in the Fish Remains at T{\textquoteright}ukw{\textquoteright}aa, Barkley Sound, B.C.}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Nuu-Chah-Nulth site of T{\textquoteright}ukw{\textquoteright}aa at the mouth of Barkley Sound , British Columbia, appears to consist of three different residential areas. Were the residents of these three areas socially differentiated? A preliminary examination of fish remains will assess whether or not differential use of resources may have existed between these three areas. As well, did use of fish resources shift through time, either between these three areas or at the site as a whole? Evidence from two other sites in Barkley Sound has shown a change in resource acquisition from mainly rock fish to salmon around 500 - 600 years ago, running counter to the common date of NAC salmon intensification (3,500 to 5,000 BP). Does this shift occur at the outer harbour site of T{\textquoteright}ukwa{\textquoteright}a, and is it seen across all three site areas?}, author = {Caldwell, Megan} } @Conference Paper {10309, title = {Fish Resource Use in Comox Harbour: Correlating Fish Traps and Fish Remains}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of recent sampling of shell midden deposits adjacent to Comox Harbour, British Columbia. Bucket auger and column sampling was undertaken to ascertain resource use patterns associated with the unique abundance of wooden stake fish traps located in Comox Harbour, proper, through the analyses of fish remains. These remains were identified and quantified with the intent of tracing changes in resource use that might be linked to the chronology of fish trap use, known from direct radiometric dates on fish trap components. This paper discusses the results of these analyses including spatial and temporal shifts in resource use, the relationship between fish traps and fish remains, and interpretation of fishing practices in Comox Harbour based on archaeological and ethnographic data.}, author = {Caldwell, Megan} } @Conference Paper {10311, title = {Comments on Mainland Origins of Preceramic Cultures of the Greater Antilles}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {For several decades it has been hypothesized that the early Preceramic cultures of the Greater Antilles might owe there origin to cultures of the Yucatan mainland. Currently this hypothesis has at least a tentative acceptance. However, no detailed comparative analysis of the relevant materials has been conducted. Here, significant differences between the assemblages of the two regions are pointed out. Other mainland origins have been suggested but some have not been investigated well archaeologically. Finally, a simulation investigating the possibility of discovering the Greater Antilles from various mainland regions and subsequent travel between the islands and the mainland is presented. The results show that chance discovery of the Greater Antilles from the Yucatan Peninsula is not as likely as from Northern South America. Despite the greater distance, navigation between Northern South America and the Greater Antilles requires less navigation skill than from the Yucatan Peninsula.}, author = {Callaghan, Richard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9049, title = {The Archaeology of the Caribbean}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {122-125}, editor = {Richard T. Callaghan} } @article {9521, title = {The Use of Simulation Models to Estimate Frequency and Location of Japanese Edo Period Wrecks Along the Canadian Pacific Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {074-094}, abstract = {

Simulation models are used to estimate the frequency of Japanese Edo Period wrecks along the Canadian Pacific Coast and to suggest areas that have the greatest potential for the recovery of archaeological materials. During the Edo Period (AD 1603-1867), vessels of foreign design and traditional vessels capable of safely navigating in the open sea were destroyed to prevent contact with the outside world. Vessel designs were modified so that ships venturing into the open sea would be disabled by storms. Historical records indicate a number of Japanese vessels drifting onto the Canadian and adjacent coasts, in many cases with survivors. These records are used to set parameters for the start point of voyages, whether an attempt is made to steer the vessel, voyage duration, and time of year. The simulation uses the data contained in the U. S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas of the World.

}, author = {Richard T. Callaghan} } @Conference Paper {10312, title = {Archeology in a Region of Spodosols}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Most archeologists have bandied about the adage that there were few organic remains excavated from the site, due to the acidic pH of the soil. Are archaeological materials impacted by the actual acidity, or by soil forming factors? In the Northeastem United States (especially Maine) and in the Maritime Peninsula of Canada, pedogenic conditions foster the formation of Spodosols (one of 10 USDA soil orders). Other soils in the Northeast and the Maritime Peninsula, such as Entisols, and Inceptisols, exhibit incipient spodic processes. How does archaeology in a region of Spodosols differ from other areas? This paper reviews the geographic occurrence of Spodosols, similar taxonomic groups in other pedologic classification systems, and the processes that characterize Spodosols. The geochemical processes creating Spodosols are of special interest to archeologists. Geoarcheological sampling protocols for these sites must recognize dominant pedologic conditions. These geochemical conditions change the nature of the cultural material record, affect the anthropogenic signature, and often transforin site cultural features. Two sites in Maine, the coastal Nahanada site, and the riparian Eddington Bend site will be utilized as examples of geoarchaeological sampling design and the problems facing interpretation of the resultant archaeological record after long-term spodic effects have impacted the cultural material record.}, author = {Callum, Kathleen} } @Conference Paper {10315, title = {Analyse des fossiles directeurs retrouv{\'e}s au cours des travaux de prolongement de l{\textquoteright}autoroute 63}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Courtney Cameron and Sandra Pentney} } @Conference Paper {10314, title = {Species Identification of Shellfish Material from Four Sites in the Dundas Islands, British Columbia: An Examination of Variation in Collection Practi}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This research examines shellfish obtained through bucket-auger sampling of four shell midden sites in the Dundas Island Group, located off the northern coast of British Columbia. Shell fragments >8mm were identified to species level. Samples were analyzed from each twenty centimeter interval from the augers, making it possible to observe variability in site level collection practices. The results from the analysis suggest a relationship between collection practices, species availability and local ecology. Interpretations regarding the availability of shellfish resources are explored, focusing on environmental and cultural factors.}, author = {Krystal L. Cameron and Meghan Burchell and Trevor J. Orchard} } @Conference Paper {10313, title = {Anthrosols de deux fermes scandinaves}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Courtney Cameron} } @Conference Paper {10319, title = {Cultural Contact and Interaction Reflected in Fauna: The Huron of South Central Ontario}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper highlights changes to the subsistence patterns of Huron groups in south central Ontario during the prehistoric, protohistoric and historic periods. An analysis of the faunal material from a group of Huron sites from the Trent River Valley, Victoria County, has revealed that changing subsistence strategies can be related to the arrival of Europeans and the dispersal of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. These sites range in date from AD 1450 to 1615 and include both village and associated resource exploitation sites. Relating the changes in Huron subsistence strategies through time to the cultural forces/changes that motivated these shifts creates a more complete picture of the Huron confederacy at the time of European contact and in the periods preceding this contact.}, author = {Campbell, Jennifer L.} } @Conference Paper {10318, title = {A Patch Work Quilt: Studying the Architectural Fabric of Medieval Period Caravanserais in Northwestern Pakistan}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Somewhere between the study of monumental and household architecture lies an aspect of vernacular architecture that involves the creation of space that is neither solely imperial nor familial in its function and fabrication. Caravanserais are compounds where merchants, pilgrims, scholars and government employees could stop for brief periods of time. Caravanserais provided protection from robbers and weather, water for drinking, bathing and ritual ablution, a place to perform daily prayers, a market place, and in some instances a manufacturing centre. Thus, these vernacular structures are uniquely situated for addressing the creation and formation of public buildings and the interpretation and use of these spaces by the groups who occupied them. This paper introduces research into medieval period caravanserais found in Peshawar city, Pakistan. This research addresses the reinterpretation and reoccupation of space/place; a common occurrence in areas of the world where State organization is both temporally and stratigraphically deep.}, author = {Campbell, Jennifer} } @Conference Paper {10317, title = {Three Dimensional Architectural Modeling: Viewing Sites in the Round}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The creation of three dimensional models in archaeology was once the domain of a computer savvy few, but advances in technology and software availability has opened this growing field of data analysis to more researchers. In this paper I address the use of ArchiCAD, an architectural drafting suite, for modeling standing and ruined archaeological structures. This software functions similarly to Architectural AutoCAD but with a friendlier user interface, a seamless three dimensional rendering component, and a photo rectification add-on. This paper presents the use of this software for modeling caravanserais from Northern Pakistan and discusses the difficulties and successes encountered in its use. It also reflects on the sorts of research questions three dimensional models can address and strategies for data collection when architectural modeling is intended in analysis.}, author = {Campbell, Jennifer L.} } @Conference Paper {10316, title = {Results of the Canim Lake Band Archaeological Inventory Study of 111 Mile Creek, Lac la Hache, BC}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In 1997, the Canim Lake Band{\textquoteright}s Archaeological Inventory Study (AIS) was conducted by Arcas Consulting Archaeologists Ltd. in the 111 Mile Creek Drainage (near Lac la Hache, BC) as part of an Archaeological Overview Assessment (AOA) being conducted for the Cariboo Tribal Council. The purpose of the AIS was to generate base-line data to improve our understanding of the distribution of archaeological resources in the area and assist with forestry planning. Transects were placed in association with aquatic features to generate data about buffer size as used in AOA modelling processes. Aquatic features in two biogeoclimatic zones were tested. Each transect was surveyed twice; once judgmentally and again systematically using a predetermined test pattern. Testing included both surface and subsurface inspection. The survey was successful in two ways: (i) producing results which may be incorporated into the AOA model; and (ii) providing feedback on survey technique, particularly subsurface testing, which may have implications for future work in the region.}, author = {CAMPBELL, Bonnie} } @Conference Paper {10320, title = {Horizontal variability in shell midden composition: implications for interpretation of stratigraphic changes.}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Shell midden sites are a common feature in the archaeological record of coastal areas and analysis of shell has played an important role in archaeological problems such as the evolution of subsistence systems. However, spurious conclusions may be reached when shell sampling and quantification give inadequate consideration to the structure of shell deposition. In particular, there is a tendency for differences in species representation between stratigraphically arranged samples to be conceptualized as trends of change through time, without regard for alternative explanations of variability such as sampling effects and horizontal inhomogeneity, or postdepostional effects. At the Duwamish site, 4SKi23, Seattle, Washington, shell lenses were collected as discrete features to provide analytic control in interpreting the variability of shell samples from larger depositional units. The results show that individuel shell lenses are environment-specific collections, and that two contemporaneous samples may differ as greatly as two stratigraphically distinct samples. This has implications for the type of sampling necessary to achieve a representative species composition for a given component.}, author = {Campbell, S.} } @Conference Paper {10321, title = {Identification of Swan River Chert}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A common lithic mterial found in archaeological deposits of west-central Manitoba is Swan River chert. The distribution of this variegated chert extends across Saskatchewan as far West as east-central Alberta. No bedrock outcrop is known as yet, but considerable quantities of this material are present as cobbles in the glacial tills of the region. The great variation in the colour and texture of Swan River chert is discontinuous, so that about 20 to 35 distinct varieties can be macroscopically discerned. Several questions arise at this juncture. Do the 25 or so varieties represent different cherts with perhaps differences in flaking characteristics? If all varieties consist of only one chert type, a standardized description must be provided so that Swan River chert found within the region, more distantly, or in trading contexts can be readily identified. A standardized description would facilitate the determination of the full extent of its use through time and space. Preliminary analysis of some 30 thin sections of Swan River chert indicates no congruence between macroscopic and microscopic appearance. Aside from minor variations, all but two of the Swan River chert varieties exhibited the same three crystal habits: (1) medium-grained chalcedonic spherulites with flamboyant structure; (2) medium to large-grained euhedral granoblastic quartz grains; (3) fine silt-sized anhedral quartz crystal aggregates. Varieties not exhibiting the tri-modal crystal habit are not considered to be Swan River chert. Features pertaining to the genesis of this material remain contradictory.}, author = {Campling, N.R.} } @Conference Paper {10322, title = {What{\textquoteright}s In A Kitchen? The Early Formative Kitchen And Women At Yutopian / Qu{\textquoteright}est-ce qu{\textquoteright}il y a {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur d{\textquoteright}un}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Assumptions about kitchens influence archaeological interpretations of prehistory. The unexamined assumption of a one room (or structure) kitchen affects interpretations about the use of space, the importance of food production, and the role of women. Using data from the Yutopian site in Catamarca, Argentina, I will present a model that considers multiple food preparation loci rather than single kitchen areas. This focus on multiple areas of food production will encourage the recognition of food production and foodways as an important and central component to life that influences the social fabric of a household and community. In addition, by focusing on women{\textquoteright}s central role in food production and preparation, the multiple areas model permits women{\textquoteright}s production to be studied as an integrating factor in a household and community.}, author = {CAMPO, Rachel} } @Conference Paper {10324, title = {{\'e}volution des id{\'e}es en mati{\'e}re d{\textquoteright}histoires arch{\'e}ologiques de la c{\^o}te Nord-Ouest}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10333, title = {The Ratfish and Marine Resource Dericiency on the Northwest Coast}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Data from faunal reports, ethnographies, and nutritional studies are used to assess the prehistoric economic value of the ratfish. (Hydrolagus colliei) on the Northwest Coast. It is shown that sites or components of sites that exhibit a relatively high proportion of ratfish among the fish remains also tend to exhibit relatively low quantities of salmon and a high ratio of deer to harbour seal among mammalian fauna. Ethnographic and nutritional data indicate the low food value of ratfish and deer in contrast to more highly prized salmon and harbour seal. It is concluded that increased or relatively intense use of ratfish can serve as an indication of economic hard times. On this basis it may be possible to construct a more finely textured understanding of spatial and temporal variation in Northwest Coast economy.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9055, title = {Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {318-320}, editor = {Aubrey Cannon} } @article {11799, title = {Less Invasive Approaches to Site Investigation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {020-027}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10328, title = {Supernatural Perceptions in the Settlement History of the Central British Columbia Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Recent research indicates a brief period of rapid expansion in the number of winter villages in the Namu vicinity on the central coast of British Columbia at around 2500 BP. This coincides with a period of decline and instability in the Namu salmon-fishing economy. This pattern of long-term winter-village settlement at Namu, followed by a short period of expansion in the number of villages, and subsequent renewed stability appears to have been governed by perceptions of the supernatural basis of resource availability and the demands of annual ceremonies to ensure resource renewal, rather than by the physical availability or productivity of resources in the region.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10337, title = {La di{\'e}te canine {\`a} Namu, Colombie-Britannique :Les implications pour l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation zooarch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {L{\textquoteright}analyse isotopique du carbone et de l{\textquoteright}azote contenus dans les os de chien du site Namu sur la c{\^o}te centrale de Colombie-Britannique sert {\`a} v{\'e}rifier l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution de la di{\'e}te humaine d{\'e}duite des t{\'e}moins zooarch{\'e}ologiques. Les restes fauniques montrent une s{\'e}quence particuli{\'e}re de changements incluant une utilisation croissante des crustac{\'e}s de m{\^e}me qu{\textquoteright}une augmentation, un sommet et ensuite un d{\'e}clin de la proportion de saumon dans la di{\'e}te. Contrairement aux restes humains, nous poss{\'e}dons des os de chien pour l{\textquoteright}ensemble de la s{\'e}quence chronologique repr{\'e}sent{\'e}e par les d{\'e}p{\^o}ts culturels contenant des restes fauniques. Par cons{\'e}quent, le contenu isotopique des os de chien peut s{\textquoteright}av{\'e}rer un indice tr{\'e}s fin de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution des pal{\'e}o-di{\'e}tes. Les r{\'e}sultats de cette {\'e}tude montrent l{\textquoteright}importance d{\textquoteright}utiliser l{\textquoteright}analyse chimique des os parall{\'e}lement {\`a} l{\textquoteright}analyse et {\`a} l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation zooarch{\'e}ologiques.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10323, title = {Shell Middens, Field Methods, and Theory in Northwest Coast Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The recent history of Pacific Northwest Coast archaeology shows how strategies of shell midden investigation have influenced interpretive frameworks. Vertical excavations of limited areal extent, well suited to early cultural historical research, have also contributed to linear evolutionary interpretations. These have been reinforced to some extent by more recent horizontal excavations of surface features, which are designed to investigate settlement patterns and social organization. Vertical and horizontal excavations, which are constrained by the depth and complexity of shell midden sites to limited areas of single-sites, tend to promote these more general, but often decontextualized interpretations based on ethnographic reconstruction and linear evolution. Alternative strategies of multi-site investigation, in contrast, highlight the role of contingency and agency in particular historical contexts.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10332, title = {Ancient DNA Insight into the Namu Salmon Fishery: Implications for Storage, Sedentism, and Archaeological History}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Results of ancient DNA analysis of salmon vertebrae from Namu show consistent use of a wide range of species and particular emphasis on those species, pink and chum, that are most suited for long-term storage. The consistent emphasis on readily stored species and the multi-seasonality of salmon fishing and other subsistence activities indicate that Namu was a sedentary, storage-based settlement from as early as 5000 BC. With the exception of a sharply lower numbers of pink salmon in the period ca. 2000 BC-AD 500, the species profile of the fishery is consistent throughout the past 7000 years. This shortfall in pink salmon may have been the key factor responsible for periodic food shortage and long-term contraction of the settlement at this time.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and Dongya Y. Yang} } @Conference Paper {10327, title = {LES TRANSITIONS ECONOMIQUES DE LA C{\^o}TE NORD-OUEST: L{\textquoteright}EVIDENCE DE NAMU, COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Les donn{\'e}es faune du site Namu sur la c{\^o}te centrale de Colombie-Britannique avaient employ{\'e} pour examiner l{\textquoteright}ordre et la cause de changement majeure dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}conomie de la C{\^o}te Nord-ouest. Les donn{\'e}es faune indiquent qu{\textquoteright}il y avait utilisation intensive du saumon, et des autres resources marines. Ils indiquent aussi l{\textquoteright}habitation semi-s{\'e}dentaire, et la capacit{\'e} pour l{\textquoteright}entreposage de saumon, depuis 1000 ans avant l{\textquoteright}utilisation des coquillages. Ceci sugg{\'e}re qu{\textquoteright}un accroissement de la population et l{\textquoteright}exploitation d{\textquoteright}une plus grande diversit{\'e} de resources marines n{\textquoteright}avaient past {\'e}t{\'e} la cause d{\textquoteright}un changement de la subsistance ou de l{\textquoteright}habitation. La formation de la midden coquille est associ{\'e} {\`a} l{\textquoteright}intensification de la production du saumon qui sugg{\'e}re que l{\textquoteright}intensification de l{\textquoteright}utilisation et la r{\'e}glementation des saumon {\'e}tait une cause n{\'e}cessaire d{\textquoteright}accroissement de population et {\'e}laboration sociale.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10336, title = {Canine Diet at Namu, British Columbia: The Implications for Zooarchaeological Interpretation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of dog bone from the site of Namu on the central coast of British Columbia is used to verify transitions in human diet inferred from zooarchaeological evidence. Faunal evidence shows a specific sequence of changes including increasing use of shellfish and an increase, peak, and subsequent decline in the proportion of salmon in the diet. Unlike human skeletal remains, dog bones are available for the entire temporal sequence of fauna-bearing cultural deposits. The isotope content of dog bone can therefore provide an dine-scaled monitor of transitions in palaeo-diet. The results of this study show the value of using bone chemistry analysis in conjunction with zoo-archaeological analysis and interpretation.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10331, title = {ISOTOPIC CONFIRMATION OF SUBSISTENCE TRENDS AT NAMU, BRITISH COLUMBIA}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Isotopic analysis of dog bones is used to verify trends in the Namu subsistence economy over the period 6,060-1,405 BP. The results show comparable values to those obtained for human bone, and match trends in salmon and shellfish consumption indicated by the analysis of faunal remains. The study demonstrates the value of using domestic dog remains as an independent line of evidence to monitor trends in human diet on the Northwest Coast.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and Henry P. SCHWARCZ and Martin KNYF} } @article {9522, title = {The Ratfish and Marine Resource Deficiencies on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {049-060}, abstract = {

The ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) is considered of negligible economic value, though it is often a major component of archaeological fish assemblages from the Northwest Coast. A lack of ethnographic reference to its use and poor nutritional qualities that rank it below most available fish species suggest that the ratfish is a marginal resource that was used only in response to a deficiency of preferred marine resources. Variation in ratfish abundance indicates temporal fluctuations in local site economies on the central coast of British Columbia.

}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10326, title = {ECONOMIC TRANSITIONS ON THE NORTHWEST COAST: THE EVIDENCE FROM NAMU, BRITISH COLUMBIA}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Faunal data from the site of Namu (ElSx-1), on the Central Coast of British Columbia are used to examine the sequence and cause of major transitions in the Northwest Coast economy. The Namu faunal data indicate intensive utilization of salmon and other vertebrate marine resources, the likelihood of semi-sedentary settlement, and the capacity for salmon storage at least 1,000 years before the significant utilization of shellfish begins. The implication is that population growth and a consequent shift to a broader range of marine resources was not due to any major shift in subsistence of settlement pattern. The onset of shell midden formation is associated with the increased production of salmon, which suggests that increased utilization and control of salmon was a necessary cause of population increase and social elaboration.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10335, title = {Quantifying Change in Archaeofaunal Abundance: The Economic Prehistory of Namu, British Columbia ( ElSx-1 ), 6500-2200 B.P.}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The observation that divergent faunal taxa co-occur in equal stratigraphic proportions is the basis for developing a faunal deposition rate index to standardize taxonomic abundance among major stratigraphic units. This standardization method yields an unambiguous indication of changes in taxonomic abundance. In application, the method is used to monitor change in faunal utilization during 4000 years of economic prehistory at the site of Namu (ElSx-1) on the central coast of British Columbia.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10330, title = {Differentiating Shell Midden Site Function through Fine Sediment Analysis}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {We present the initial results of constituent analyses of the fine fraction (<2mm) of shell midden matrix obtained from auger samples collected at sites on the central coast of British Columbia. The analyses include measures of organic, carbonate, and inorganic content, and measures of inorganic grain size and shape. The results are compared between sites to determine whether variability in fine-grained midden content can differentiate reliably between short-term campsites and long-term residential settlements. The same data are compared between locations within sites to assess their utility in delineating residential and refuse disposal areas.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and MacDonald, Brandi Lee} } @Conference Paper {10325, title = {The contexts of some early to mid Holocene sites on the Central Coast of British Columbia}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The contexts of some early to mid Holocene sites on the Central Coast of British Columbia. Core-testing of shell-midden sites in the Namu vicinity has revealed evidence of early to mid Holocene (10,000-5000 BP) occupation at three locations, in addition to the well-documented early occupation at Namu itself. All of these early sites occur on terraces that are greater than three metres in elevation, which contrasts with the lower elevations of initial occupation at more recent sites. Apart from elevation, the locational attributes of the early sites are highly varied, suggesting a diverse range of possible site functions. These few results from preliminary site testing highlight the potential effectiveness of core-testing for the investigation of early Holocene occupations, and point to a range of environmental and cultural factors relevant to the locations and discovery of early settlement in this region.}, author = {CANNON, A.} } @Conference Paper {10334, title = {Routes, Crossroads, and Control Points: Defining Gateway Communities on the Northwest Coast}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Examination of three villages on the central and south coasts of British Columbia illustrates their potential role as gateway communities. Their locations at the interface between environmentally or culturally defined regions, on routes travelled for resource acquisition or cultural interchange, explain a prominence that exceeds the economic or environmental potential of their locales. The village of Namu, within traditional Heiltsuk territory on the cental coast, and the Coast Salish village of Xway xway, in what is now Stanley Park, are situated at crossroads linking travel routes north and south and between inner and outer coastal zones. While it is unlikely these villages exerted direct control over routes, their locations conceivably created and sustained social protocols for visiting and gifting while on route to further destinations. The central coast Wuikinuxv (Oweekeno) village of Cockmi, in contrast, is strategically located to control a key point of entry to Rivers Inlet.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9056, title = {Ancient Jomon of Japan}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {293-295}, editor = {Aubrey Cannon} } @article {9560, title = {Archaeology{\textquoteright}s Public: A Perspective From Two Canadian Museums}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {029-038}, abstract = {

Museum visitor surveys show that the audience for archaeological exhibits represents only a very small, highly-educated segment of the general population. Women and residents of foreign countries are shown to have a particular interest in local prehistory exhibits at the Royal Ontario Museum. Visitor comments and viewing behaviour at the ROM and the UBC Museum of Anthropology suggest a desire for greater contextualization of the lives of past peoples and more points of connection between past and present everyday experience. These results are used to suggest ways that archaeologists might expand and better serve the interests ofthe consuming public.

}, author = {Debbi Cannon and Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10329, title = {Shell Growth Increments and Shellfish Harvesting Strategies on the Central British Columbia Coast}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Growth increment analyses of clam shell from sites on the central coast of British Columbia show evidence of distinct strategies of shellfish collection between site locations. The growth increment profiles of sectioned shells suggest at least three different collection modes. These include casual use of shellfish from the immediate vicinity of smaller campsites, intensive harvest of shellfish at specialized gathering locations, and periodic forays from base camps and villages for the selective gathering of clams from multiple locations in the site vicinity. The more intensive collection strategies appear to have involved sustainable selection of older clams. Specific strategies were sustained over millennia at different site locations.}, author = {Aubrey Cannon and Meghan Burchell and Bathurst, Rhonda} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9369, title = {Kunaitupii. Coming Together on Native Sacred Sites}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {160-162}, editor = {Gerry Canoty} } @Conference Paper {10338, title = {A Report on the Activities of the CIDOC Archaeological Sites Working Group}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Abstract not available.}, author = {Canouts, Veletta} } @Conference Paper {10347, title = {Morphology and Dating of Projectile Points from Northern Vancouver Island}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The coastal archaeology of the northern portion of Vancouver Island, including sites in Queen Charlotte Strait, Hardy Bay, and Quatsino Sound, has revealed a very small sample of projectile points, but with a considerable time span. Most are of the leaf-shaped spear point form. This paper will describe metric, stylistic, and raw material traits for this small sample in their dateable contexts. Comparison with points from other coastal areas suggest closest relationships are with central coast assemblages.}, author = {Catherine C. Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10342, title = {A Place Where Chitons are Cooked: The Bear Cove Fauna in the Context of the Origins of Northwest Coast Maritime Culture}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Bear Cove site (EeSu 8) was excavated in 1978 on the northern end of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The 8,200 B.P. stratigraphic sequence included shell midden and non-shell deposits, an early Pebble Tool Tradition artifact assemblage and later Developmental Northwest Coast artifact assemblages, radio-carbon dated samples (uncalibrated), and extensive faunal remains. This paper will present an overview of the hitherto unreported complete faunal assemblage from the early 8,020 B.P component to the later post-4,000 B.P. shell midden components of the site. The faunal data indicate a record of a fully marine-adapted culture that has focused on the sea for subsistence since early occupation.}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @article {9524, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {112-114}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9060, title = {{\textquoteright}Keeping the Lakes{\textquoteright} Way{\textquoteright}: Reburial and the Re-creation of a Moral World Among an Invisible People}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {112-116}, editor = {Catherine Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10346, title = {ART AND SOCIETY ON THE NORTHWEST COAST}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Northwest Coast Native art has usually been studied in relation to its role in social interaction involving rank, prestige and elitism. However, close examination of Northwest Coast ethnography and of the content and context of prehistoric Northwest Coast art indicates that there is an underlying spiritual dimension to the art tradition and that this dimension was the likely catalyst for the development of the art tradition in its early stages. In this paper the archaeological evidence from the excavations at the Pender Canal site and a summary of the ethnographic data relevant to this proposition are presented.}, author = {CARLSON, Roy} } @Conference Paper {10341, title = {Nechako Plateau Culturally Modified Trees}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Approximately 200 culturally modified tree (CMT) sites have recently been recorded in the central interior of B.C. during archaeological impact assessments of forest industry operations. Together, these sites represent somewhere between 8,000 and 12,000 individual CMTs. The most common type of CMT is the pine cambium stripping scar, representing about 98\% of all the CMTs recorded. This is probably the most common type of CMT in the province. Spatial patterning in the distribution of these pine CMTs provides a regional scale picture of aboriginal land use over the period 1800-1950.}, author = {CARLSON, Arne K} } @article {9523, title = {Indigenous Historic Archaeology of the 19th-Century Secwepemc Village at Thompson{\textquoteright}s River Post, Kamloops, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {193-250}, abstract = {

This paper explores the way that theoretical ideas, particularly those situated in post-colonial theory, inform interpretations about Indigenous peoples\’ contacts with fur traders in the Canadian Plateau of British Columbia in the early 19th century. The theoretical discourse on the archaeology of colonialism frames the interpretation of an archaeological excavation of an historic Secwepemc (Shuswap) village associated with an early Hudson\’s Bay Company fur trade post at Kamloops established in 1811. Following a decade of seasonal trading, a permanent trading post was built in 1821, and a new Secwepemc village was established adjacent to it. House features, faunal remains, and material culture were recovered from the site (EeRc\–22) during four field seasons of excavation. An overview of historical and ethnographic texts provides additional information pertaining to Aboriginal peoples on the Plateau during the historic period. The excavations of both the village, containing traditional circular semi-subterranean pithouses, and the adjacent trading post have provided comparative evidence of trading relations and cultural continuity and change in Indigenous and fur trader households in the first three decades of contact at Kamloops.

}, author = {Catherine C. Carlson} } @Symposium Papers {10965, title = {The Early Period on the Central Coast of British Columbia}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {211-228}, abstract = {Unlike all other periods of Central Coast prehistory, the Early Period is typified by a high frequency of flaked stone tools. These assemblages include tools of diverse types: pebble tools, leaf-shaped bifaces, microblades, macroblades and Levalloisoid flakes and cores. This paper explores the question of the external affinities of these industries, their meaning in terms of way of life during the period, and their potential relationships to linguistic groups of the historic period.}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9059, title = {Prehistoric Economies of the Pacific Northwest Coast}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {232-237}, editor = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10345, title = {Nenana and Early Northwest Coast Similarities: Apples and Oranges or Oranges and Tangerines?}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The earliest cultures of the B.C.-Alaska coast north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca are more similar to Nenana than they are to the early cultures of adjacent regions. Because of the nature and availability of the data, comparisons are limited to lithic types and assemblages. Types typical of both cultures include scraper-planes (core scrapers), foliate and tear-drop bifaces, perforators, and scrapers. Microblade technology is either absent or very rare. Nenana begins by 11,800 cybp and according to some researchers continues in some regions of central Alaska to 8500 cybp and thus overlaps with the earliest dated Northwest Coast assemblages which begin about 10,000 cybp and continue little changed for some 1500 years. In this paper we explore the degree of similarity between the early Northwest assemblages and Nenana and suggest an historical relationship in which Nenana is at least in part antecedent.}, author = {Roy L. Carlson and Philip M. Hobler} } @Conference Paper {10340, title = {Glacial Lakes and Salmonids in the Southern Interior of British Columbia}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Bony skeletons of salmon encased in clay nodules eroding from glacial lake sediments along Kamloops Lake, in the southern interior of British Columbia, have been AMS radiocarbon dated to 18,110+90 and 15,480+60 BP. These are the only known salmonid remains of Late Wisconsin age in the Pacific Northwest, and are significant in demonstrating the presence of salmon in the river drainages during the late glacial maximum. On the basis of morphological size of the specimens, and on measurement of the low delta C13 value in the bone (-22.2 o/oo and -23.8 o/oo), it is argued that these were probably landlocked Oncorhynchus nerka (the Kokanee form of sockeye salmon). An experimental study of the ancient salmon DNA on these specimens is presently underway and has promise for resolving the species determination issue. This paper will discuss the salmon specimens and their geological source with the purpose of reconstructing the paleozoogeography of salmon in the Pacific Northwest including the implications for early human subsistence and migration patterns. Also addressed are the questions of the extent and timing of glacial lakes and ice retreat, and drainage patterns, in the southern interior of British Columbia in the Late Wisconsin.}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @Symposium Papers {10964, title = {The Early Component at Bear Cove}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {177-194}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10349, title = {Projectile Point Sequences on the Gulf Islands and the Central Coast of British Columbia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Biface industries are present on the coast of British Columbia by 10,500 years ago. Fluted points from undated contexts on the coast are known south of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, but none have been found to the north on the coast of British Columbia where non-fluted, foliate (leaf-shaped) bifaces of several types are the earliest types found during the first 5,000 years of prehistory. In the Gulf Islands there is little evidence for human habitation predating 5000 BP. The biface types present at that time consist of both foliate and contracting stemmed forms similar to those found in the Fraser Canyon sequence. These types persist until about 2000 BP when triangular points with or without barbs become the most common types. After 1500 BP chipped stone points become rare, and those that are found are usually small side-notched or corner notched arrow points. On the central coast the earliest points are foliate bifaces without stems or barbs of which some resemble the Chindadn "heart-shaped" bifaces of the Nenana Complex of central Alaska that are also found in Haida Gwaii. By 6000 BP some of the foliate bifaces have incipient stems. Bifaces with definite contracting stems appear by 3500 BP, and both fishtail bifaces and side-notched bifaces appear on the central coast between 2000 and 1500 BP. Small side-notched arrow points are found after 1500 BP, but none of these types are common .}, author = {CARLSON, Roy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9058, title = {Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia Before the Last Glacial Maximum}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {296-300}, editor = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10344, title = {The Nineteenth Century Archaeology of Harlan I. Smith in Southern British Columbia}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Field letters and notes, photo scrapbooks, publications, and artifact collections of Harlan I. Smith from the American Museum of Natural History document the earliest archaeological expeditions to British Columbia. From a study of these records, the motivations, research questions, accomplishments, and relations with aboriginal peoples are revealed. Franz Boas largely dictated a biological approach to Smith{\textquoteright}s fieldwork, one that involved the collection of photographic portraitures and human skeletal remains; however Smith{\textquoteright}s published monographs from his expeditions focus on an analysis of the material culture of the Interior Salish peoples.}, author = {Catherine Carlson} } @article {11398, title = {The Pender Canal Site and the Beginnings of the Northwest Coast Cultural System}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-29}, abstract = {

Data from the Pender Canal site excavations relevant to the time and place of origin of the Northwest Coast cultural system are presented with calibrated and new marine reservoir corrected radiocarbon dates. The emphasis is on the evidence for art, ceremonialism, and personal adornment present in the 4500 to 2600 cal B.P. time period, and their relevance as indicators of early socio-cultural complexity.

}, author = {Roy L. Carlson and Paul Szpak and Michael Richards} } @Conference Paper {10339, title = {AMS Dating of Late Pleistocene Salmonids from Kamloops Lake, British Columbia / Datation par la technique SMA de salmonid{\'e}s du pl{\'e}istoc\&}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Late Pleistocene age determinations on salmon bones from a geological site on Kamloops Lake, British Columbia are discussed. AMS radiocarbon dates ranging between 18,100 and 15,500 B.P. are problematic for current ice cover models in the southern interior Plateau. Implications for environmental reconstruction, salmon zoogeography, and archaeology are presented.}, author = {Catherine C. Carlson and KLEIN, Ken E.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9062, title = {The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {321-322}, editor = {Roy L. Carlson} } @Conference Paper {10348, title = {My Life with Dr. B. in the {\textquoteright}50s}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {As a student of Carl Borden{\textquoteright}s at U.B.C. in the early 1950{\textquoteright}s, I worked as his lab assistant and participated in field work over a number of years at Musqueam, Chinlac, Tweedsmuir Park, The Kootenay Survey and the Milliken Site. A few stories and slides will be shared to remember my favourite professor and the early days of archaeology in B.C.}, author = {Carlson, Maureen} } @Conference Paper {10343, title = {British Columbia{\textquoteright}s First Salvage Archaeology}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The idea that developers who are impacting archaeological remains should pay for the necessary archaeological research was first successfully implemented in British Columbia in 1951-52 by the late C.E. Borden. He successfully solicited funds from the Ministry of Education and the Alcan Aluminum Company for the archaeological exploration of the reservoir area soon to be flooded by construction of the Kinney dam on the Nechako River. Archaeological survey was undertaken in 1951 and excavation of key sites in 1952. Although the amount of funding seems very little by today{\textquoteright}s standards it was a significant amount for that time, and allowed Borden to arrive at a chronology for the region and draw certain cultural-historical conclusions. It also set in motion the development of the site designation system still used in most of Canada today, and the drafting of the Archaeological and Historic Sites Protection Act which eventually led to the present legislation and the evolution of the Archaeology Branch from earlier government bodies. In this paper I review the archaeological data from the excavations in the reservoir area.}, author = {CARLSON, Roy} } @Obituaries {9933, title = {Charles E. Borden (1905{\textendash}1978)}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {233-239}, author = {Roy L. Carlson} } @article {11247, title = {Standardization, Reliability, and Paleoindian Ovate Biface Production: A View from 20-Cl-227, the Round Lake Site Cache, Clinton County, Michigan, USA}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {297{\textendash}318}, abstract = {

Biface caches may be one of the most distinctive and enigmatic aspects of Paleoindian behavior. Here we contribute to discussion of this phenomenon by presenting an analysis and interpretation of a heretofore unreported biface cache, consisting of 24 ovate bifaces and a single large flake blank, documented in 1981 from the Round Lake locality (20-CL-227), Clinton County, Michigan, USA. Analysis of metric and non-metric attributes support an interpretation that the cached bifaces are, more probable than not, early Paleoindian in age, and are most likely attributable to the Gainey fluted point phase (ca. 11,500{\textendash}10,800 14C B.P.). Moreover, the cache is distinguished by a high degree of standardization, and represents the same intentional point in the chaine op{\'e}ratoire of fluted biface manufacture, suggesting production by a single individual. As a necessary complement to our technological analysis of the cache, we situate our interpretation of the Round Lake cache within the broader regional context of Great Lakes Paleoindian behavior.

}, author = {Dillon H. Carr and William A. Lovis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9074, title = {Inheriting the Past: The Making of Arthur C. Parker and Indigenous Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {332-335}, editor = {Carr-Locke, Sarah E.} } @Conference Paper {10350, title = {The {\textquoteright}Image of the Indian{\textquoteright} and archaeological theory in Canada: how has the use of theory discouraged First Nations involvement?}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper will be examine archaeological discourse in Canada in order to consider how it has affected the discipline{\textquoteright}s relationship with First Nations. As many have shown, interactions between colonial state powers with original inhabitants of the land were and to a certain extent still are also shaped by images formed through popular discourse. Following Trigger (1980), I argue that the stereotyping of Indians has been the most important single factor shaping the development of archaeology in North America. In order to move towards a way of doing archaeology that is anti-colonial and cooperative, archaeologists must critically examine and take a certain amount of responsibility for archaeology{\textquoteright}s hand in constructing images of Aboriginal Peoples. By examining the development of archaeology in Canada, with careful consideration to the use of theory, these images may be recognized and explored. Through this historical examination, it will be demonstrated that Canadian archaeology has viewed Indians as subjects or objects but only recently as actors in the formulation and dissemination of their own histories.}, author = {Carr-Locke, Sarah E.} } @Conference Paper {10351, title = {A Land of Many Cultures: Planning for the Conservation of Archaeological Features in the City of Toronto}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In 2002, the City of Toronto initiated a comprehensive planning and management study for archaeological resources within the City. The Archaeological Master Plan has four major goals including the compilation of detailed, reliable inventories of registered and unregistered archaeological sites within the City, the preparation of a thematic overview of the City{\textquoteright}s settlement history as it relates to the potential occurrence of additional pre-and post-contact archaeological resources, the development of an archaeological site potential model, based on known site locations, past and present land uses, environmental and cultural-historical data, and assessment of the likelihood for survival of archaeological resources in various urban contexts and assessment and the provision of recommendations concerning the preparation of archaeological resource conservation and management guidelines for the City. The study began with a comprehensive review of archaeological conservation policies in major cities around the world focussing on Europe, Asia and North America. The resultant design for this study represents one of the most effective approaches to archaeological resource conservation currently employed by a major city anywhere in the world.}, author = {Carruthers, Peter and Ronald Williamson} } @Conference Paper {10353, title = {The Lake Temagami Site (CgHa-2): Comparing Materials and Manufacturing Methods from a Multi-Component Site in Northeastern Ontario}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The multi-component Lake Temagami Site consists of at least four discrete clusters of lithic artifacts spread over an area of approximately ten acres. These clusters are interpreted as discrete occupation areas. The excavations in the first season of work (1993) concentrated on a single late prehistoric component. The component yielded a lithic assemblage dominated by quartz artifacts manufactured using bipolar reduction. Based on test pit samples, this stands in sharp contrast to the other three components which are dominated by rhyolite, greywacke and rhyolite and quartz respectively. Preliminary analysis of this assemblage has focused on the need for a meaningful method for describing quartz assemblages as well as a means of comparing such assemblages with those manufactured on other materials.}, author = {CARSCALLEN, Charles} } @Conference Paper {10352, title = {The Allandale Site:A Uren Period Special Purpose Site in Simcoe County}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper will describe the results of mitigative excavations at the late 13th Century Allandale Site (BcGw-69) in Barrie, Ontario. Although much of the site has been destroyed through construction and reconstruction of the Allandale Train Station over the past 150 years, a large midden remained in tact. Ceramic recoveries from the site include 92 ceramic vessels and an enormous quantity of fish bone, mammal and bird bone. Despite the lack of settlement pattern data, the faunal assemblage and physical situation of the site on the shores of Lake Simcoe argue for its use as a seasonal procurement location.}, author = {Carscallen, Charlton} } @Conference Paper {10354, title = {Archaeological Investigations and Analysis of the Cumberland House I (or Old Cumberland House) (1774-1794) Recoveries / Fouilles {\`a} la Cumberlan}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {As trading relations between the Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay and Northwest Companies began to intensify, a number of explorers were dispatched to the western regions of Canada for the purpose of establishing posts and securing trade relations with native populations in the surrounding areas. In 1774, Samuel Hearne founded the first Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company inland trading post, Cumberland House I (or old Cumberland House) along the southern shore of Cumberland Lake. In 1790 construction began on Cumberland House II (or New Cumberland House) 1.5 km northwest of the old site and by 1794 Old Cumberland House was abandoned and operations were moved to the new location. Three field seasons of excavation, in the summers of 1991, 1992 and 1994, were carried out at the Old Cumberland House site under the supervision of Dr. David Meyer and Jill Musser from the University of Saskatchewan. This presentation deals with the subject of those investigations and subsequent analysis of the Old Cumberland House archaeological collection.}, author = {CARSON, Laurie} } @Conference Paper {10356, title = {From strontium to the social? The intellectual shortcomings of obsidian characterization studies}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In an East Mediterranean context, the work of Renfrew et al in the 1960s set the bench mark not only with regard to archaeometric innovation, but also in terms of the grand social science questions being asked through the material. Subsequent critiques of Renfrew{\textquoteright}s (substantiavist) position and the alleged significance of fall-off patterns led to something of an abandonment of characterisation work in the Aegean and Near East until a new wave of analyses in the recent decade. It is argued here that these new characterisation studies represent far more of a geo-archaeological and archaoemetric success story than they do with regard to a social archaeology, i.e. while we now have high precision techniques to source our artefacts, archaeologists have fallen short in their interrogation of the results. Drawing upon recent work at Neolithic {\c c}atalh{\"o}y{\"u}k (central Anatolia) and Bronze Age Malia (Crete), this paper explores some of the ways that we might maximize our investment in characterisation studies, through the adoption of a cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire / contextual analytical framework, considerations of the {\textquoteright}samples{\textquoteright} material attributes and the potential of GIS as not only sophisticated means of integrating and analyzing spatially variable data but also as a way of charting some of the bodily experiences associated with procurement from afar. While the case studies will be East Mediterranean, it is believed that the critiques and responses have a far wider application.}, author = {Tristan Carter} } @Conference Paper {10355, title = {AN ANALYSIS OF A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BLACKSMITH SHOP AT FERRYLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {During the summer of 1994 a Memorial University field crew completed the excavation of a smithy in an area of Ferryland commonly referred to as {\textquoteright}The Pool.{\textquoteright} The excavations revealed a forge of stone construction, measuring approximately 1.2 by 1.8 metres, as well as other structural evidence and an immense amount of iron and slag. The smithy was in a remarkable state of preservation, enabling archaeologists to retrieve a vast amount of information. This paper will discuss dating of the forge and the layout of the smithy. Various types of artifacts will be described to help determine what types of items were being manufactured and repaired by the Ferryland smiths.}, author = {CARTER, Matthew} } @Conference Paper {10357, title = {Oral Tradition, Archaeology, and the League of the Iroquois}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {An historical analysis of the oral tradition concerning the formation of the League of the Iroquois is discussed, focussing on the limitations of using ritual oral discourse for interpreting the circumstances that influenced the formation of the League. This analysis differs from previous work on this topic by emphasizing oral tradition as a dynamic system utilized within a changing social context. The bounds within which information flow, modification, and manipulation occur imply the roles and origins of consistent verbal motif types that appear throughout the tradition. Implications for the interpretation of settlement patterns, exchange, and symbolic attributes are examined in reference to assemblages in the Mohawk River drainage.}, author = {Casagrand, Robert S.} } @Conference Paper {10358, title = {It Ain{\textquoteright}t The Meat, Its the Motion: Subsistence and Mobility in Holocene Ghana}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper looks at the lithic assemblages from a series of Kintampo Complex (Ceramic LSA, 3500-3000 bp) sites on the Gambaga Escarpment in Northeastern Ghana, West Africa. These assemblages contain a small, formal component of ground and chipped stone tools, and a large, informal component of bipolar flakes and flake tools. The size and relative permanence of the Kintampo communities argue for a settled, horticultural subsistence, but the informal tool assemblage indicates regular access to non-local sources of lithic raw material. In this paper I will demonstrate two things. First that the act of forest clearing and burning enhances the animal protein yield to such an extent that a formalized hunting strategy and its consequent toolkit are rendered superfluous, and second, that without the necessity to create a formal, portable toolkit, bipolar technology is a highly effective means of producing efficient tools.}, author = {Casey, Joanna} } @Conference Paper {10360, title = {Southampton Beach Shipwrecks Project: The excavation, lifting and reburial of an 1870{\textquoteright}s stone-hooker work barge discovered under the sand of a La}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The investigation of shipwreck frame tips, exposed by low water levels along the shore of Lake Huron led to the discovery that two vessels - from different periods - were buried in the same location under the sand of a Southampton, Ontario, beach. One of the vessels was a stone-hooker work barge from the 1870{\textquoteright}s period of harbour construction in the Southampton area. In order to protect the work barge from intermittent exposure and wave damage on the beach, it was fully excavated in the spring of 2007, lifted by crane and moved to a new, deeper resting place further north on the beach. This paper describes both the excavation and the complex task of lifting, moving and reburying the vessel. It also illustrates how the detailed recording of the vessel has provided what may be the only existing record of how these sturdy little workhorse vessels - ubiquitous on the Great Lakes in the era of sail - were constructed.}, author = {Kenneth A. Cassavoy} } @Conference Paper {10359, title = {Southampton Beach Shipwrecks Site: Artifacts and Archives - Identifying a shipwreck, buried on the Lake Huron shore, as the Royal Navy Brig H.M.S. Gen}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In 2001, low water levels on Lake Huron exposed several frame tips of a shipwreck buried under the sand of a Southampton, Ontario, beach. A series of archaeological excavations between 2001 and 2004 revealed and documented the buried hull of an unidentified early 19th-century Great Lakes sailing vessel. This paper describes how the subsequent analysis of artifacts from the shipwreck, combined with lengthy archival research, culminated in the positive identification of the hull as the War of 1812 British Royal Navy Brig H. M.S. General Hunter.}, author = {Kenneth A. Cassavoy} } @Conference Paper {10361, title = {Photo-Realistic Visualization of Archaeological Sites}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Evidence from the archaeological record yields clues as to how our ancestors lived. However, our perceptions and analyses of this data may be clouded by the lack of surviving structures or unmodified landscapes that can be used to put this evidence into a better context. Recent developments in computer visualization are providing powerful tools for modelling multi-dimensional aspects of the data gathered by archaeologists. Computer graphic techniques can be used to reconstruct and visualize features of a site which may otherwise be difficult to appreciate. This new perspective may enhance our understanding of the environments in which our ancestors lived. Recent developments have made it possible to {\textquoteright}construct{\textquoteright} virtual environments on a computer and view photo-realistic images of these scenes [4]. It is possible, therefore, to recreate an archaeological site on a computer and provide the viewer with an accurate representation of the actual rernains. Furthermore, geometric modelling techniques enable extrapolations from existing evidence to reconstruct the site as it may have appeared to the original inhabitants [5]. Although static images are useful for providing impressions of a site, far greater insight can be obtained by making it possible for the user to navigate through the three dimensional representation. This experience will be enhanced by the photo-realistic nature of the computer model including accurate illumination and the presence of environmental factors such as smoke dust or fog. It is essential that such a navigation systern is interactive, responding immediately to the operator{\textquoteright}s directions [3]. In all image synthesis techniques, the fundamental step is computing the amount and nature of light from the three dimensional environment reaching the eye from any given direction. This computation is carried out by simulating the behaviour of light in the environment. This simulation must allow for the medium participation of light emitters such as flames, light absorbers such as soot clouds, and light scatterers such as dust or smoke. The particle tracing technique traces the path of photons as they are emitted from light sources and uses the reflected/refracted/emitted particle flux given by a large number of these particles as a measure of the illumination of the environment [4]. This model accurately simulates the physical propagation of light, and can be used for complex scenes involving medium participation. Experience, based on sequential implementations of the particle tracing method, has shown that even for relatively simple environments the number of particles that have to be considered in the simulation can be of the order of a few hundred thousand. On the single processor machine this can amount to many minutes and even hours of computing time. The application of advanced parallel processing methods should allow the visualization to be accomplished in real-time [1,2].This paper will describe a parallel computer system, currently under development as a joint project between computer scientists and archaeologists, for reconstructing and photo-realistically visualizing archaeological sites.References:[1] A. G. Chalmers, S. Pattanaik, A. Biriukov, and P. Sharpe. Parallel processing for interactive photo-realistic building walkthroughs. In W. Straser and F. Wahl, editors, Graphics \& Robotics, Schloss Dagsthul, Apr. 1993.[2] F. W. Jansen and A. G. Chalmers. Realism in real-time? In Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Paris, June 1993.[3] J.H.R. John, M. Airey and F.P.Brooks Jr. Towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building enviromnents. ACM SIGGRAPH Special Issue on Interactive 3D graphics, 24(2):41-50,1990.[4] S.N. Pattanaik. Computational methods for global illumination and visualisation of complex 3D environments. Ph.D. thesis, National Centre for Software Technology, Juhu, Bombay, Indian, Feb. 1993.[5] P. Reilly and S. Shennan. Applying Solid Modelling and Animated Three-Dimensional Graphics to Archaeological Problems. Technical Report UKSC 209, IBM UK Scientific Centre, Winchester, Oct. 1989.}, author = {CHALMERS, Alan and John TIDMUS and Simon STODDART} } @Conference Paper {10363, title = {Using Archival Data Pertinent to Fur Trade Contact in the Colvile District.}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The character and abundance of ethnohistoric data available on the fur trade contact with the peoples of the H.B.C, Colvile District of the Columbia Plateau are evaluated. Most attention is given to the documents of the Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company, but some comparison is made to other types of records. Along with the discussion of sources, reference is made to some of the conclusions that may be drawn from them with varying degrees of reliability. Such conclusions refer to demographic changes, alterations of political structure, the emergence of larger ethnic entities, rates of acculturation in relation to the proximity of Fort Colvile, interpretations of the markets, the spread of European ideology and custom, trapping intensity, the role of the Company in gold mining, and the question of peonage to the Company.}, author = {David H. Chance} } @Conference Paper {10370, title = {A New Eastern Plano site in Rimouski (DcEd-2)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In September 1992, limited fieldwork in the vicinity of the Eastern Plano site of Rimouski (DcEd-1), excavated during the summer of 1991, led to the discovery of a partially intact portion of a new site in a wooded lot. Located at the same altitude, ca 86 m above sea level and on a similar sandy landform, the site has revealed a diagnostic Plano point of the Sainte-Anne-des-Monts type. Following a general description of the site, the tools will be presented as well as the artifactual distribution. The cultural significance of this new site will also be discussed within local and regional frameworks.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Steve Bourget} } @Conference Paper {10365, title = {THE MARITIME ADAPTATION OF ST. LAWRENCE IROQUOIANS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The St. Lawrence Iroquoians living in the Qu{\'e}bec City area have been regarded as a very particular Iroquoian group. They were the only group within Iroquoia to have a direct access to the sea and its rich fauna. Several sites containing evidence of an Iroquoian presence in the St. Lawrence estuary will be reviewed as will be the site from Place Royale in downtown Qu{\'e}bec City and the cluster of fishing camps in the Cap Tourmente lowland. The analysis of the related ecofactual data will provide us with some insight into the maritime adaptation of these northern horticulturists. The importance of the sea resources in their annual cycle will also be discussed.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10374, title = {Iroquoians of the Saint Lawrence Valley: Increasing Regionalism}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Understanding the Iroquoian presence in the St. Lawrence Valley is challenged by growing regionalism but we can still study this vast Iroquoian world as an interaction sphere with a sornewhat long story of reproduction success. Increase cultural variability at the regional level has led most archaeologists to divide the Valley into several homogeneous cultural areas. The current state of pottery seriation (the emergence of the diagnostic St. Lawrence Iroquoian pottery) and settlement patterns as well as other general aspects of these cultural groupe will be addressed within geographic divisions.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10369, title = {Eastern Saint Lawrence Iroquoians in the Cap Tourmente Area}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The principal objective of this paper is to present new evidence concerning the Iroquoian occupation of the lowlands east of Quebec City. For the last three years, we have investigated more than twenty prehistoric sites in the Cap Tourmente area but I will concentrate here on eight Late Woodland sites. Most of the Iroquoian sites arc located on the first available terrace emerging from the Saint Lawrence River. The geographical setting of these settlements indicates a pattern of fishing stations regularly distributed on a stretch of 4 km along the lower terrace. The discovery of a small 16th century village, containing at least 4 longhouses, in the same enviromnent as the smaller fishing camps is intriguing. On the basis of this new Iroquoian cluster and its characteristics, we will dis-cuss the settlement pattern and the related adaptive system of these northern farmers.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13482, title = {Les peuples de la rivi{\`e}re. Recherches arch{\'e}ologiques men{\'e}es dans le cadre de la construction du complexe de la Romaine}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {196-199}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.196}, editor = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10364, title = {Morphological and Chemical Variability of Copper Artifacts from the Morrison Island Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The assemblage of copper artifacts from the Morrison Island Site is definitely one of the most important collections for understanding the role of the copper industry in the Northeast. The morphology of the artifacts is presented as well as some remarks on the function and the technological aspects of this collection. The results of a neutron activation analysis are used to address chemical variability and the location of potential sources. We conclude by discussing the significance of this rich Archaic assemblage located at a strategic point along the Ottawa Valley.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11120, title = {Mailhot-Curran un village iroquoien du XVI si{\`e}cle, Collection Pal{\'e}o-Qu{\'e}bec 35, Recherches am{\'e}rindiennes au Qu{\'e}bec}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {219-221}, editor = {Bruce Jamieson} } @article {12926, title = {Une arch{\'e}ologie sociale des Iroquoiens de Saint-Anicet, la question identitaire / A Social Archaeology of the Saint-Anicet Iroquoians: A Question of Identity}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {303-329}, abstract = {

The Saint-Anicet region has received continuous archaeological attention between 1992 and 2017, resulting in a large dataset on three village sites. The McDonald, Droulers, and Mailhot-Curran sites represent a local sequence covering the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The material culture, specifically remains of longhouses, corn cultivation, and a rich ceramic assemblage, clearly indicates an Iroquoian identity. While the main goal of fieldwork was to build a social archaeology based on the extensive excavation of longhouses, fieldwork was guided by the conviction that Saint-Anicet Iroquoians were members of a distinct group, identified as St. Lawrence Iroquoians by archaeologists. This study will review the data and arguments supporting this specific cultural identity while problems linked to this identity building will be acknowledged.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.303}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10373, title = {An Early Late Woodland Pottery Sequence East of Lac Saint-Pierre : Definition,Chronology and Cultural Affiliation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Quels sont les principaux attributs utilis{\'e}s pour d{\'e}finir la poterie du d{\'e}but du Sylvicole sup{\'e}rieur? Nous examinerons attentivement cette importante question en nous r{\'e}f{\'e}rant {\`a} un ensemble de sites pouvant servir {\`a} {\'e}tablir une s{\'e}quence r{\'e}gionale. Nous {\'e}tudierons {\'e}galement la chronologie de ces sites {\`a} occupations multiples qui soul{\'e}vent la difficult{\'e} d{\textquoteright}associer la poterie {\`a} une tradition particuli{\'e}re. Finalement, en nous appuyant sur une d{\'e}finition pr{\'e}cise et un cadre spatio-temporel ad{\'e}quat, nous porterons notre attention sur la signification culturelle et l{\textquoteright}identification ethnique de cette poterie du Sylvicole sup{\'e}rieur.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10368, title = {Laurentian Archaic in the Middle Ottawa Valley}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {A revision of the Laurentian Archaic Concept for the Middle Ottawa Valley is made possible using data from the Morrison and Allumettes Islands Sites. Data from Morrison Island has been published recently and it will be summarized here along with the first conclusions stemming from the preliminary analyses of the Allumettes Island site collections. It will thus be possible to discuss the analytical potential of these two sites for the understanding of the human occupation of the Middle Ottawa Valley during the Late Archaic.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Norman Clermont and Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10372, title = {An Early Late Woodland Pottery Sequence East of Lac Saint-Pierre : Definition,Chronology and Cultural Affiliation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {What are the specific attributes of the pottery that we can assign to the Early Late Woodland Period? We will address this simple but crucial question with a brief presentation of the sites used to build the regional sequence. The chronological problem will also be discussed since most of the sites which produced these ceramics are multi-component sites. With a clear definition and a reliable spatio-temporal framework, the cultural significance of the Late Woodland pottery will be examined in order to establish its most probable ethnic affiliation.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @Conference Paper {10367, title = {Saint Lawrence Valley Prehistory - the last 25 years (1975-2000)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Saint Lawrence Valley is still considered a major prehistoric highway and the last 25 years of archaeological research have confirmed its dominant position in the Northeast. Significant advances in key issues such as the peopling, the development of regional identities, the changing interaction networks, the evolution of pottery and the emergence of settled life and agriculture will be synthesized. A cursory look at the Contact Period and at the prospective of archaeology in {\textquoteright}la Belle Province{\textquoteright} will also be addressed.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine} } @article {9526, title = {Une station cosmopolite du Sylvicole Moyen: Pointe-du-Buisson No. 3}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {079-100}, abstract = {

The middle Woodland pottery from Area 3 at the Pointe-du-Buisson site exhibits a complex of diagnostic behaviour traits which lead us to postulate that this locality was frequented at different times by Amerindian groups who shared a variety of techniques but differed in their choice of decorative arrangements. Insofar as pottery attributes are concerned, Area 3 is unique in that we find here, concentrated in one place, a number of cultural manifestations that occur only as separate and distinctive entities in other regions such as southern Ontario, the State of New York and the Ottawa Valley.

}, author = {Norman Clermont et Claude Chapdelaine} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12546, title = {Droulers-Tsiionhiakwatha: chef-lieu iroquoien de Saint- Anicet {\`a} la fin du XVe si{\`e}cle}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {249-252}, editor = {Tiziana Gallo} } @Conference Paper {10371, title = {A New Eastern Plano site in Rimouski (DcEd-2)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Durant le mois de septembre 1992, une br{\'e}ve intervention arch{\'e}ologique, {\`a} proximit{\'e} du site Plano de Rimouski (DcEd-1) fouill{\'e} {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}t{\'e} 1991, a permis la mise au jour dans une section bois{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}un nouveau site partiellement intact. Ce site, situ{\'e} {\`a} une altitude de 86 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer et s{\textquoteright}{\'e}tendant sur une forme de relief sablonneuse semblable au premier site de Rimouski, a r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e} la pr{\'e}sence d{\textquoteright}une pointe apparent{\'e}e au type Sainte-Anne-des-Monts et caract{\'e}ristique de la culture Plano. Apr{\'e}s une br{\'e}ve description du site, nous d{\'e}crirons les outils et la distribution art{\'e}factuelle. {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur d{\textquoteright}un cadre local puis r{\'e}gional, nous examinerons finalement la signification culturelle de ce nouveau site.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Steve Bourget} } @Conference Paper {10366, title = {TIME OF ARRIVAL OF EASTERN ST.LAWRENCE IROQUOIANS IN THE QU{\'e}BEC CITY AREA BASED ON NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Eastern St. Lawrence Iroquoians encountered by Jacques Cartier in the sixteenth century were living in a cluster of villages around present day Qu{\'e}bec City on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. They have been regarded as a recent expansion from Iroquoian groups living to the south as late as the fifteenth century. This hypothesis has never been confirmed by a detailed analysis and the purpose of this paper is to clarify the time of arrival of this Iroquoian group in the Qu{\'e}bec City area. We will therefore present the new data produced by the neutron activation analysis of more than 50 pottery samples dating to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. The results indicate the necessity to revise the current hypothesis and suggest an in situ development for a small Iroquoian-speaking group going back as far as the Middle Woodland period.}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Greg Kennedy} } @article {9525, title = {The Origin of The Iroquoian Rim Sherd From {\^I}le Aux Basques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {096-101}, author = {Claude Chapdelaine and Laurier Turgeon and Greg Kennedy and Dominique Lalande} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9386, title = {R{\^e}ves d{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}riques: Regard sur l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie de la Nouvelle France/Dreams of the Americas: Overview of New France Archaeology}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {126-128}, editor = {Nadia Charest} } @Symposium Papers {10961, title = {Cultural resource management and conservation archaeology in British Columbia: A case study}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {133-146}, author = {A. Charlton} } @Conference Paper {10376, title = {Archaeology in British Columbia: Problems in Procedures, Methods and Goals}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A natural gas pipeline proposal in the summer of 1974 marked the first time in a pipeline situation that archaeological values were fully addressed and considered as a separate component of the overall environmental assessment impact study. Experience on this project and others has led to a fuller understanding of the role of archaeology in pipeline and other transportation corridor situations. This paper summarizes those experiences and suggests alternative research strategies based upon a {\textquoteright}site avoidance{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}preventative archaeology{\textquoteright} philosophy. Problems concerned with description and evaluation of archaeology sites and mitigation procedures are also discussed.}, author = {A. Charlton} } @Conference Paper {10375, title = {Lower Fraser Prehistory: A.D. 400 - 1,250}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Archaeological research in the Lower Fraser/Gulf of Georgia region has concentrated upon the establishment of local chronologies of culture. This cultural sequence spans the last three millennia, although recent investigations (Carlson, 1970; Calvert, 1970) suggest that this may be pushed back another 1,000 to 2,000 years. A major problem in the cultural sequence has been an apparent hiatus which appeared to exist between A.D. 400 and A.D. 1250. Surface collections from a prehistoric coastal midden in the region suggested that data from the site would hopefully be able to shed some light on this developmental gap. It was with this in mind that excavations during the summer and autumn were undertaken at the Belcarra Park. On the basis of observed physical stratifaction and material culture excavated, two components (Early and Late) are recognized. Two C-14 dates show that the late component (Belcarra Park II) falls within the above mentioned hiatus. It is suggested that considerable culture change, reflected in technology, took place during this time period.}, author = {A. Charlton} } @Conference Paper {10378, title = {A Chain is not a Sequence: The Temporality of the Cha{\^\i}ne Op{\'e}ratoire}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Over the last ten years the concept of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has been widely adopted by North American lithic analysts. In the process the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has come to be viewed as largely synonymous with reduction sequence and an emphasis has been placed on the aspect of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire that recognizes the dynamic nature of stone tool production. This emphasis on the dynamic or sequential aspects of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire has come at the cost of neglecting the importance the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire affords to the concepts that underlie technical processes. This paper will focus on the ambiguous temporality of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire . Recognizing the temporal complexity of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire is an important step in understanding the implications of this concept to a holistic approach to lithic analysis that includes the knowledge and skill of the knapper.}, author = {Chazan, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10377, title = {Research on the Early Stone Age of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Early Stone Age of southern Africa encompasses over one million years of human evolution. Although there is a rich archaeological record for this time period few sites have been accurately dated or well analyzed. In 2004 in collaboration with archaeologists and geologists from South Africa and Israel I began a broad based project to date the Early Stone Age of the Northern Cape Province in South Africa. Included in this study are the sites of Riverton, Canteen Koppie, Wonderwerk Cave, and Kathu Pan I. The dating methods used include paleomagnetism, Optically Stimulated Luminescence, and Electron Spin Resonance. This paper presents an overview of the sites covered by the project and the major characteristics of the Early Stone Age of the Northern Cape Province. Of particular interest is the emergence of aspects of behavior often associated with modern humans towards the end of the Early Stone Age sequence. These behaviors include blade production, the controlled use of fire, and aspects of symbolic behavior.}, author = {Chazan, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10379, title = {La p{\'e}riode pr{\'e}eurocanadienne dans la r{\'e}gion de la Grande rivi{\'e}re de la Baleine (Hudsonie)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Les recherches arch{\'e}ologiques entreprises au cours des quatre derni{\'e}res ann{\'e}es dans la r{\'e}gion de la Grande rivi{\'e}re de la Baleine (Hudsonie), dans le cadre des {\'e}tudes environnementales reli{\'e}es au complexe hydro{\'e}lectrique Grande-Baleine, ont permis, jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} maintenant, la d{\'e}couverte de pr{\'e}s de 1000 nouveaux sites regroupant plus de 3 000 structures d{\textquoteright}habitation dont 160 remontent {\`a} la p{\'e}riode pr{\'e}eurocanadienne. Cette p{\'e}riode commence vers 3 300 ans AA alors que les premiers groupes {\`a} occuper la r{\'e}gion provenaient vraisemblablement de l{\textquoteright}est de la zone subarctique. Les manifestations subs{\'e}quentes montrent l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablissement d{\textquoteright}une population r{\'e}gionale ayant peu de liens avec d{\textquoteright}autres r{\'e}gions jusque vers 1500 ans AA alors que les groupes provenant du sud ont commenc{\'e} {\`a} exploiter de fa{\c c}on irr{\'e}guli{\'e}re certains secteurs de la r{\'e}gion. La p{\'e}riode se termine il y a 250 ans (1750 AD) alors que les premiers postes de traite sont construits au lac Guillaume-Delisle et {\`a} l{\textquoteright}embouchure de la Petite rivi{\'e}re de la Baleine.}, author = {Chevrier, Daniel} } @article {9527, title = {An Early Human Skeleton from South Central British Columbia: Dietary Inference from Carbon Isotopic Evidence}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {085-086}, author = {Brian S. Chisholm and D. Erle Nelson} } @Conference Paper {10380, title = {Northwest coast dietary patterns as indicated by stable carbon isotope ratios}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Carbon isotope abundance ratios of protein from marine and terrestrial sources reflect the difference between carbon in oceanic and atmospheric reservoirs. This difference propagates through food chains. Measurement of carbon isotopic ratios in human bone collagen thus yields information about the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial foods in the diet. Application of these measurements to northwest coast and British Columbia interior samples has given estimates of the extent to which marine resources and anadromous salmon were utilized by aboriginal peoples during the last 5000 years. Indications are that the approach may be utilized in similar situations elsewhere in the world.}, author = {Chisholm, B.} } @Conference Paper {10383, title = {Recherches arch{\'e}ologiques et historiques {\`a} Waskaganish : le premier {\'e}tablissement colonial britannique au Canada}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {En 1668, un capitaine de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, accompagn{\'e} d{\textquoteright}un ren{\'e}gat fran{\c c}ais, subventionn{\'e} par de riches Anglais et suivant les conseils d{\textquoteright}un chasseur Cri, p{\'e}n{\'e}tre dans l{\textquoteright}embouchure de la rivi{\'e}re Prince Rupert. Ils {\'e}rigent sur une terrasse sablonneuse, d{\'e}sign{\'e}e parles Cris sous le nom deKaaneyaauhkaaw, ce qui deviendra le premier {\'e}tablissement colonial britannique au Canada: le fort Charles. Devenu plus tard la communaut{\'e} crie de Waskaganish, cet endroit a connu une succession d{\textquoteright}utilisations diverses: d{\textquoteright}abord un lieu de regroupement estival cri, puis un poste de la Compagnie de la Baie d{\textquoteright}Hudson (C.B.H.), un emplacement pour l{\textquoteright}exportation des plantes m{\'e}dicinales, un centre de prospection mini{\'e}re, un avant-poste militaire, un poste d{\textquoteright}approvisionnement de la C.B.H., un refuge pour les gens des premi{\'e}res nations, un poste fran{\c c}ais sans personnel et finalement, un d{\'e}p{\^o}t r{\'e}gional de la C.B.H. Cet important site arch{\'e}ologique de la c{\^o}te est de la baie James est le sujet d{\textquoteright}une recherche documentaire historique et d{\textquoteright}un inventaire arch{\'e}ologique limit{\'e} depuis 1987.}, author = {Chism, James V.} } @Conference Paper {10382, title = {Archaeological and Historical Research at Waskaganish: Canadas First English Colonial Settlement}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {In 1668, a New England sea captain, accompanied by a renegade Frenchman, sponsored by wealthy Englishmen and following the advise of an anonymous Cree hunter, sailed into the mouth of Prince Ruperts River. There on a sandy terrace known to the Cree as Kaaneyaauhkaaw, they estabhshed what was to become the first English colonial settlement in Canada: Charles Fort. After a long history as Cree summer gathering place, BBC fur trading settlement, export site for medicinal plants, centre for mineral prospection, military outpost, HBC provisioning post, First Nations refugium, unmanned French outpost and HBC district depot, it has become the Cree community of Waskaganish. This major site on the eastcoast of James Bay has been quietly undergoing documentary research and small-scale testing since 1987.}, author = {Chism, James V.} } @Conference Paper {10381, title = {Three Seasons at Lower Fort Garry, Manitoba}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Lower Fort Carry Archaeological Project under the Chairmanship of Dr. William J. Mayer-Oakes and direction of James V. Chism has completed three seasons of excavation. This nineteenth Century Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company site near Winnipeg, Manitoba, is being excavated through a Canadian Historic Sites Service contract by the Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Manitoba. Excavations included: two large cattle barns; the ox stable; a horse stable; a troop barracks; a large L-shaped troop latrine; a large root cellar; a troop canteen; the miller{\textquoteright}s residence; the farm manager{\textquoteright}s residence; the grain flailing barn; a structure which housed a gristmill-lumber mill-metal lathe room and malting barn; the malt kiln; the distillery and brewery; the spirits and beer cellar; the fur loft basement entranceway; a cluster of small buildings which may have been an oven; smokehouse and storage shed; location of original flooring under an extant bastion; the site of a store-house; the miller{\textquoteright}s residence; a limekiln; a possible saw pit; the prison palisade; parts of a system of roadways outside the fort walls; the supposed site of the herdsman{\textquoteright}s house; the supposed site of the boat yards; the supposed site of the lime storage house and various testing operations throughout the fort. At the factor{\textquoteright}s residence excavations included an outhouse, sunken areaway, the original porch footings, basement floorings and a formal driveway.}, author = {Chism, James V.} } @Conference Paper {10385, title = {Artifacts of History, Promise or Dilettantism}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The development of artifact processing and research laboratories for the National Historic Sites Service, Ottawa, began with a policy of self-developed expertise based on the apparent shortage of qualified personnel for dealing with much of the portable material recovered from sites dating primarily from the 17th through the 19th centuries. Such a self-developmental approach requires a great deal of time and is thereby in conflict with the extant backlog of unanalyzed material. Nevertheless it would now appear to be meeting with some success in setting manageable standards of description and in supporting the Service{\textquoteright}s archaeologists. The future of this work lies with increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques coupled with much-needed field and documentary research.}, author = {Chism, James V.} } @Conference Paper {10384, title = {Is there an archaeologist in the house? : degrees of fact in the analysis of habitations}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In recent years, archaeologists have been presenting a great deal of {\textquoteright}detail{\textquoteright} in conclusions rising out of their analyses of habitation units. Such attempts are sometimes said to resemble a person trying to split a hair into four quarters with an axe. Nevertheless, many would argue that this is the direction prehistoric archaeology must go if we are ever to leave the descriptive and {\textquoteright}broad framework{\textquoteright} stage of research. Examples from the Quebec subarctic discuss the form and placement of structures without postmoulds, the size of groups occupying them, the organisation of social space within and without these structures, the location of technical activities carried out by persons of each sex, the season(s) and intensity of occupation, purpose (within proposed schemes of exploitation) of occupation as well as its broader cultural affiliations and age. To date, these efforts are troubled by the application of lithic analyses based on {\textquoteright}traditional{\textquoteright} European data, or on data still insufficiently modified by experimentation. Still further, they suffer through the use of insufficiently researched or inappropriately applied ethnographic data. Published, unpublished and ongoing Quebec examples are examined in the light of existing and perhaps more appropriate data and methodologies}, author = {Chism, J.} } @Conference Paper {10386, title = {Understanding Trade and Exchange in Pre-hispanic Cholula, Puebla, Mexico}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Lithics are an crucial component of understanding material sourcing and exchange networks in Central Mexico. This poster will address the lithic material recovered from the 2006/2007 rescue excavations completed in Cholula Mexico. Approximately 650 pieces of flakes lithic material were found. The majority of raw material was obsidian, which was tentatively sourced based on physical appearance. Analysis of ceramic material suggests the deposits date to the Post-Classic. When the results are compared to previous research, a pattern emerges showing changes in resource use over time. The length of occupation of Cholula provides an case study for how exchange patterns fluctuated depending on political relationships of neighboring city states (such as Teotihuacan).}, author = {Tanya Chiykowski} } @article {9528, title = {Some Artifacts-Diagnostic Criteria of Quartzite Cobble-Tool Industries from Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {061-074}, abstract = {

Two sets of chronologically and culturally distinct artifact assemblages from the Western Alberta Plains are compared in terms of particular stone flaking patterns exemplified on clastic rocks (quartzite cobbles) of similar structural and mechanical properties. Although recorded in specific geo-archaeological contexts - from beneath early Late Wisconsinan glacial deposits at Calgary, and within shallow, late Holocene subsurface lake deposit along the shore of Lesser Slave Lake, respectively - both lithic collections show identical culture-diagnostic stone modification attributes. Overall similarities in the raw material procurement strategies, use, and the applied cobble-tool percussion techniques suggest an analogous, expedient character of the produced artifacts. In spite of the high-energy, post-depositional glacial and glaciolacustrine environments at the deeply buried (15-25 m) Bow Valley sites, most of the recorded artifacts manifest meticulous cobble-face flaking and edge-retouching, indicating occasionally even a higher degree of flaking control than encountered in the Middle to Late Prehistoric period site on Lesser Slave Lake. Lack of obliteration of the culture-diagnostic lithic artifact attributes suggests a very good potential for preservation of early archaeological sites in Canada in areas formerly affected by glaciation.

}, author = {Jiri Chlachula and Raymond LeBlanc} } @Conference Paper {10387, title = {Pre-Palaeoindian Occupation in the Calgary Area}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Evidence from geo-archaeological investigations will be provided to suggest two episodes of an early prehistoric occupation in the upper Bow River valley, SW Alberta during the late Mid- to early Late Wisconsinan. The cultural record from two deeply buried sites in the northwestern part of the city of Calgary, referred to as Site 1 (Varsity Estates) and Site 2 (Silver Springs), consists of pebble and flake artifact assemblages produced exclusively from local clastic raw materials, and manifesting general technological and typological similarities with Late Pleistocene Palaeolithic stone industries from northeastern Eurasia. The contextual data and the patterned cultural evidence explicitly document ice-free conditions in this part of southwestern Alberta prior and shortly after onset of the last glacial period. The archaeological record from the Calgary sites implies the presence of people in Western Canada prior to the last (Late Wisconsin) Laurentide glaciation, thus negating the necessity for an {\textquoteright}Ice-free Corridor,{\textquoteright} traditionally viewed as the decisive timing factor of the initial peopling of North America south of the continental ice-sheet. Moreover, it is argued that the New World Palaeolithic inhabitants were physically and culturally capable of coping with cold cIimatic conditions in periglacial enviromnents.}, author = {Jiri Chlachula} } @Conference Paper {10388, title = {The Libby Reservoir - Preliminary Findings}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Analysis of the excavated data from DhPt-9 (The Waldo site) has revealed a dynamic pattern of occupation. Intersite distribution of faunal remains, artifacts, and lithic types indicates an occupational focus during the latest prehistoric inhabitation. Correlations with locational, technological, and subsistence data obtained from survey of other sites in the Canadian Libby Reservoir area are examined, and a hypothetical reconstruction of later Libby Reservoir area prehistory is offered.}, author = {Wayne Choquette} } @Conference Paper {10391, title = {Small sites and predator-prey relationships in the Kootenay region}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and northern Idaho displays great environmental diversity in which small sites are a typical archaeological manifestation. Interpretation of data from individual sites by themselves is often difficult because of sparse cultural deposits. However, if the sites are considered as activity areas within larger environmentally defined units, hypotheses can be generated which will allow for efficient and meaningful data retrieval from individual sites if their excavation is necessary. In this paper, site patterning in three distinct econiches is interpreted utilizing prey species ecology and ethnographic data. Site density, spatial relationships, and functional complexity are hypothesized to be strongly related to whether moose, deer, or bison were the prey.}, author = {Choquette, W.} } @Conference Paper {10390, title = {Applied Archaeology in the Kootenay Region, British Columbia}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The upper Columbia drainage is characterized by great topographic and biotic diversity and has seen significant changes in hydrology and ecology since deglaciation. The conventional cultural historic interpretive framework of phases based on diagnostic formed tools has not been useful in revealing the complexity of past human activities in the region because of the relatively ephemeral nature of most archaeological sites and the resultant small samples. A different approach has been developed to allow the data from this unique bioregion speak for itself. Emphasis has been placed on the palaeoenvironmental context of archaeological remains, especially site geomorphology and stratigraphy while lithic typology and technological attributes have been accorded primary analytic status. Data synthesis utilizes a systemic framework of archaeological trait {\textquoteright}complexes{\textquoteright} of settlement pattern (represented by landform, palaeohydrology and soil/sediment association), lithic material preference, lithic technology, subsistence base, features and tool function. Ten such complexes have been defined so far spanning the entire postglacial period. These complexes are interpreted as models of past human land and resource use from which hypotheses pertaining to past human activities can be drawn to predict site distributions and contents. In the context of cultural resource management, these models and hypotheses have been operationalized as air photo-mapped GIS-based polygons of archaeological potential that identify locations to be avoided by land-altering development or where archaeological impact assessments would be required. Results of AIAs serve to test the models and hypotheses via attributes recorded in the database associated with each polygon. In addition to allowing for scientific archaeological research to be carried out within the context of CRM, this approach reveals much about the evolution of the region{\textquoteright}s landscape and ecology that is of considerable importance in sustainable land and resource management. Examples include terrain stability and floodplain hazard assessment, wildlife population dynamics and range extensions, and the nature of certain plant communities with regard to conservation and revegetation.}, author = {Wayne Choquette} } @Conference Paper {10389, title = {Applications of a Systemic Approach to Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Combining palaeoecology with systems theory has proved to be a productive approach to understanding the archaeology of the upper Columbia River drainage area. The traditional unilinear paradigm based on diagnostic artifacts has not been very useful in dealing with the small scattered assemblages that are most typical of this region. It is argued that the systemic approach also yields more relevant information with broader applications to present-day concerns.}, author = {Wayne Choquette} } @Conference Paper {10392, title = {Les gr{\'e}s-c{\'e}rames fran{\c c}ais en Nouvelle-France}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Cette communication vise {\`a} pr{\'e}senter et {\`a} expliquer une carte de distribution des sites arch{\'e}ologiques canadiens sur lesquels furent trouv{\'e}es des poteries de gr{\'e}s fran{\c c}ais. Si l{\textquoteright}on exclut les gr{\'e}s-c{\'e}rames mis au jour sur les sites des habitations de Champlain {\`a} Sainte-Croix et Qu{\'e}bec, les gr{\'e}s fran{\c c}ais sont surtout pr{\'e}sents sur des sites du dix-huiti{\'e}me si{\'e}cle associ{\'e}s {\`a} la p{\^e}che {\`a} la morue et {\`a} la chasse aux mammif{\'e}res marins. Plus de 25 sites, dont Louisbourg et Brador, qui en comptent un nombre consid{\'e}rable, nous apportent des {\'e}l{\'e}ments d{\textquoteright}explication de la pr{\'e}sence de ces poteries en Nouvelle-France. Les gr{\'e}s normands sont g{\'e}n{\'e}ralement les plus nombreux. Ce sont des contenants commerciaux servant {\`a} conserver et transporter des salaisons et des pr{\'e}parations d{\textquoteright}apothicaires destin{\'e}es surtout aux p{\^e}cheurs et aux habitants de Terre-Neuve, du Labrador, de l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le du Cap Breton et de l{\textquoteright}Acadie.}, author = {Jean-Pierre Chrestien} } @Conference Paper {10393, title = {A Meadowood Mortuary Site in the Quebec City Area}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Lambert Site is located on the periphery of the principle area of distribution of Meadowood. sites. It presents several characteristics which suggest that its occupants were full participants in the Meadowood cultural sphere. A substantial concentration of cache blades in Onondaga chert (approximately 180) were discovered in association with a cremation burial. This feature is typical of Meadowood funerary ritual. Other Meadowood artifacts, such as side-notched projectile points, bifacial triangular scrapers, Vinette 1 pottery and a steatite vase were also found during excavations. A radiocarbon date of 950 BC {\textpm}60 (non calibrated) was obtained from a hearth. This early Meadowood presence outside of the principal distribution area for this culture permis us to formulate some hypotheses regarding the expansion of Meadowood culture in the Saint Lawrence Valley.}, author = {Chr{\'e}tien, Yves} } @Conference Paper {10394, title = {The early Holocene in Gwaii Haanas: 4,000 years of technology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The recent excavation of four raised beach sites in Gwaii Haanas, Haida Gwaii produced a large assemblage of lithic tools and debitage dating to between 5000 and 9300 years ago. This new, well-dated data set allows for a more diachronically extensive and culturally detailed interpretation of the human history of Haida Gwaii. This paper will discuss the interaction between these early cultures and their environment as reflected in their tool kits, their preferred manufacturing techniques, and their lithic waste, with the intent of commenting on cultural stability and change in the Early Period/Moresby Tradition of Haida Gwaii.}, author = {CHRISTENSEN, T} } @Conference Paper {10395, title = {Towards a Management Plan for the Debert and Belmont Archaeological Sites}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Confederacy of Mainland Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the Heritage Division of the Nova Scotia Department of Tourism, Culture and Heritage are jointly working towards the development of a management plan for the Debert and Belmont archaeological sites. An interim strategic plan has been developed that reflects a set of guiding principles that recognizes the crucial significance of these archaeological sites to contemporary Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq and the scientific values inherent in the preservation of these resources. The strategic plan outlines three strategic goals that will promote preservation of the sites while encouraging appropriate excavation and study. The research component of the work will define the regional area of interest and the levels of archaeological assessment in areas of related potential.}, author = {Christianson, David J. and Tim Bernard and Bob Ogilvie and Leah Rosenmeier} } @Conference Paper {10396, title = {Archaeological Management by the Council of the Haida Nation}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {We present a summary of what the Council of the Haida Nation has done to protect our Archaeological sites in the forest, the role of Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and Ministry of Forests in protection of those sites. The Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management has noted to us that they lack the funds to consult with us on site, we present why this is unacceptable on the basis of:1. The Archaeological Forest Buffers for sites are one of the key points of our Archaeology Policies,2. Protection of sites as living evidence of the ancestors{\textquoteright} use and occupancy of the land. To be able to walk where the ancestors walked and to experience the forest in a similar way as pre-contact people who acknowledged the spirit of the forest in everything they did there. These people are called the forest people; we give references to them from Haida stories,3. We give example of Timber Licensees who prefer to work against the First Nations rather than with us towards common goals and the result of,4. Recent Timber Farm License 39 Appeal ruling, which will help on the protection of cultural values in forests.How do we overcome licensees who refuse to work with us in a positive way, to protect our sites?}, author = {Church, Karen and Captain Gold} } @Conference Paper {10397, title = {The Ceramic Figurines of The Karaja Indians: A Case Study in Stylistic Interpretation}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Karaja Indians of Brazil have manufactured figurines for the tourist market since the late 1950s. Drawing on earlier traditional contexts of artistic production, the figurines are now produced almost exclusively for the tourist market. This paper traces the shifting meanings associated with Karaja figurines, the impact of cultural brokerage in production and on traditional knowledge systems and the general processes associated with the commodification of this unique form of cultural expression. The implications for stylistic interpretation form the basis for the conclusions to this paper.}, author = {Churchill, Elizabeth and Anne English} } @Conference Paper {10402, title = {Beringian Paradoxes, Bottlenecks and Cul-de-sacs}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ever since Jose de Acosta pondered the issue, 400 years ago, it has been evident to most serious students that the geographical point of contiguity between Northeast Asia and Northwest North America had to have been the {\guillemotleft} passage oblig{\'e} {\guillemotright} for the initial colonisation of the New World. But ever since this {\guillemotleft} gateway {\guillemotright} has become known and studied under the label of Beringia, it has also been clear that its eastern reaches corresponded, in fact, paradoxically, and this for many millennia of the Upper and Final Pleistocene, to a large bio-geographical cul-de-sac, cut off by Laurentide and Cordilleran glacial ice from the more southern American continental regions. and actually corresponding to the easternmost extension of the vast Eurasian Mammoth Steppe Biome. Focusing on this and a variety other Beringian research paradoxes, and with special attention given to the pertinent questions of chronological and geographical scales, this paper will show that any productive investigation of prehistoric Beringian human bio-geography, at least with regards to its earliest moments, must view the latter as a very Far Eastern component of a complex series of interactive northern Eurasian adaptation processes whose roots can probably be traced back to the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition of Northern Asia and, by extension, to vast segments of Northern Eurasia.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Nicolas Rolland} } @inbook {11007, title = {The NOGAP Archaeology Project: A Brief Introduction}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {1-5}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9529, title = {Bluefish Cave I: A Late Pleistocene Eastern Beringian Cave Deposit in the North Yukon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {001-032}, abstract = {

This paper describes some of the preliminary results of a test excavation carried out at the Bluefish Caves site (northern Yukon Territory) during the summer of 1978. The data at hand allow us to suggest that the site was utilized by human groups at the end of the Pleistocene, between 13,000 and 10,000 B.P. The deposit is viewed as important mainly because of the primary (or nearly so) context of its constituants (lithic specimens, Pleistocene faunal elements, etc.) which is a rather unique situation for sites of that age in the boreal Cordillera.

}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10406, title = {Filtering the Bathwater: A Re-Examination of Eastern Beringian, Late Pleistocene Bone Technology}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Received by many North American archaeologists with a sigh of relief, the news, in the mid 80{\textquoteright}s, of the chronological demise of the {\textquoteright} now infamous {\textquoteright} Old Crow flesher led to the rather uncritical dismissal {\textendash} through guilt by association {\textendash} of a vast body of admittedly controversial evidence that, at the time, was being interpreted by some as indicative of a human presence in easternmost Beringia prior to the Upper Wisconsinan Pleniglacial, and perhaps even earlier. Following a review of how the Old Crow {\textquoteright} bone technology controversy {\textquoteright} came about and unfolded, and in the light of recent and ongoing studies carried out elsewhere in Eastern Beringia (Bluefish Caves), as well as in various areas of Eurasia and North America, it is argued that the {\textquoteright} dismissal {\textquoteright} was premature and that there were indeed people living at the easternmost edge of the Mammoth Steppe Biome as early as 40,000 years ago. It will be further argued that this evidence must be taken into consideration if we are ever to achieve an anthropologically valid and a scientifically serious appreciation of what must have been a series of complex human dispersal processes led to the initial colonisation of the New World, and that can be traced back to the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic Transition of Eurasia and beyond.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Richard E. Morlan and Nicolas Rolland} } @article {9644, title = {A propos de la signification arch{\'e}ologique d{\textquoteright}un mat{\'e}riau d{\'e}couvert dans la region de la rivi{\`e}re Keele (T.N.0.)}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {001-025}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10401, title = {A Research Programme on the Prehistory and Paleo-ecology of Northern Yukon}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper will consist of a summary of the Northern Yukon Research Progrmme{\textquoteright}s approach to the study of aboriginal man{\textquoteright}s adaptation to the Late Pleistocene and recent eastern Beringian space. Some of the information (primarily archaeological) gathered in the course of this first year of the programme is disucssed together with a number of emerging avenues of research.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10405, title = {Extending the geographical and implicative ranges of the Nenana Complex. Notes on recent finds from Poulton Station, north-western Ogilvie Mountains}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Located in a rather inaccessible and isolated corner of the Ogilvie Mountains, the Poulton Station site, named after its discoverer, was first located in 1978 and tentatively identified at the time as an extensive chert quarry site, the first of its kind ever found in northern Yukon. In the summer of 1998, a brief re-examination of the site was carried out for the purpose of clarifying this hypothesised {\guillemotleft}quarry {\guillemotright} status, and determining whether or not it was in need of further investigation. In this paper we shall present some of the results of this brief visit, with emphasis on the discovery at the site of a series of lithic elements that are technologically diagnostic of the Late Pleistocene Nenana Complex. Dating back to the early half of the 11th millennium BP, and defined on the basis of assemblages recovered primarily from South Central Alaska, the latter has been viewed by many, over the last few years, as representing the best dated and most archaeologically coherent demonstration of the {\guillemotleft} earliest {\guillemotright} human presence in eastern Beringia, as well as the best and only Beringian link in the Palaeoindian continuum that led to the emergence of Clovis. The discovery of a similar type of manifestation in the north-western Ogilvie Mountains, about 400 kilometres from its eponymous area, together with evidence from other northern Yukon sites, provides us with the means to attempt a critical reassessment of this overly simplistic, Alaska-centred model, and this especially with respect to some of its bio-geographical, chronological, and palaeoenvironmental premises.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Ruth GOTTHARDT} } @Conference Paper {10400, title = {1974 B.C.}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The paper will deal with some aspects of so-called {\textquoteright}archaeological resource management{\textquoteright} in relation to one{\textquoteright}s perception of archaeological research needs (with special emphasis on the non-urban or a-metropolitan spaces of the northwest).}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10404, title = {Easternmost Beringian Research: A Visual Chronicle Spanning Over Three Decades}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Being a moderately biased and visually enhanced introductory presentation of some of the most important research projects undertaken, over the last 30-40 years, in the Yukon portion of Eastern Beringia. Emphasis will be placed on the interdisciplinary nature of such activities as well as on the impact some of these studies have had and continue to have on the larger Beringian scene, and beyond.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10399, title = {Prehistoric exploitation and dispersion of a {\textquoteright}welded tuff{\textquoteright} found in the Keele (Gravel)River area, N.W.T.}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The recent find of a geological outcrop as well as the increasing amount of archaeological information available from the Middle Mackenzie Valley have made possible a presentation of a number of macroscopic attributes of what is tentatively called {\textquoteright}welded tuff{\textquoteright}, together with a discussion of its possible origin, geological occurrence and archaeological dispersion. This peculiar raw material seems to have been obtained from a relatively restricted area, north of the Keele (Gravel) River, along the Mackenzie Mountains. Its archaeological distribution pattern is indicative of widespread trade, reaching as far as the Crow Flats in northern Yukon, Dismal Lake to the northeast of Great Bear Lake, etc. The cultural context suggests an age in excess of 8,50O years for the earliest archaeological occurrence. Finally, it{\textquoteright}s utilisation lasted, in some areas of the Mackenzie Valley, up until late prehistoric time.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10403, title = {INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT. A UTOPIAN QUEST?}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Using current examples of regional archaeological resource management efforts on the part of various government agencies, this paper attempts: (1) to present a synthetic review of both research and management requirements; (2) to identify (if any) points or nodes of complementarity, overlap or contradiction between such requirements; (3) to delineate the basic constituents of what might be an integrative research and management approach; and, finally, (4), to arrive to a realistic answer to the question posed in the title.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @inbook {11008, title = {Engigstciak Revisited: A Note on Early Holocene AMS Dates from the {\textquoteright}Buffalo Pit{\textquoteright}}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {33-44}, abstract = {Three (accelerator mass spectrometry - AMS) 14C dates on butchered bison bones, together with other available lines of evidence from the lower stratigraphic units of the {\textquoteright}Buffalo Pit {\textquoteright}, at Engigstciak, on the Firth River, northern Yukon, converge to support the notion that a form of bison procurement was being implemented by hunters along portions of the Yukon Coastal Plain between 9 800 and 9 400 B.P., i.e., in early Holocene times. These data allow us to stress the importance of the site in our understanding of cultural history in this region and to contemplate the possibility of investigating further poorly known aspects of cultural adaptive systems in a northwestern Arctic environment shortly after the end of the late glacial.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and C. Richard Harington and D. Erle Nelson and Richard S. MacNeish}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10398, title = {Cultural resource management and its relationships to archaeology}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Using a number of examples drawn from the Canadian scene as well as from selected foreign contexts, we will attempt an examination of various conflicting trends that can be taken as symptomatic of a growing series of malaises and contradictions identifiable at many levels of Canadian archaeology (sensu lato). More specifically, we will scrutinize and discuss the integrative mechanisms that are believed to underlie the current practice of archaeology.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @Conference Paper {10407, title = {Beringian Expectations: Noveau Regard on an Ancient Bone Technology}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Following a synthetic overview of the Bluefish Caves evidence, this paper will focus on the particular set of data that pertains to the presence of human population in easternmost Beringia during the late Wisconsinan/Full Glacial. More specifically relating to matters of bone technology, it will be examined with emphasis on the rapport that can be shown to exist between it and that which has been postulated by various workers, a few years ago, for Old Crow Flats. Discussion will be directed at demonstrating that a full appreciation of the significance of this Beringian technology is best achieved by viewing it in the context of a highly variable and very ancient palaeolithic, inter-hemisphere, and time-transgressive technological continuum.}, author = {Jacques Cinq-Mars} } @inbook {11012, title = {Appendix I: NOGAP AMS Dates}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {149-154}, author = {Compiled By Jacques Cinq-Mars}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {12862, title = {Situating Copper Crescents}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {077-092}, abstract = {

This report considers copper crescent-shaped objects from Ontario, contextualizing them within broader archaeological discussions of the Old Copper Complex. I focus on a small assemblage of antiquarian-collected crescents from the Royal Ontario Museum. A literature review comprises the bulk of this report; crescents recovered from sites located in the center of the Old Copper Complex, in current-day Wisconsin and Michigan, help to situate examples in the antiquarian collection. I discuss crescents in terms of their chronological and geographic breadth, their formal variation, and the different depositional contexts in which they are found. Three examples from the antiquarian collection represent novel forms of copper crescent that are not represented in the accepted typology. Two of these, collected approximately 1,600\ km apart from one another, closely resemble stone and copper ulu knives, each with a unique copper handle that once bore a haft. By situating this particular collection within broader discussions of native copper, this report demonstrates the continued importance of thinking through poorly-contextualized archaeological collections while remembering the limitations of rigid, typological thinking.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.77}, author = {Craig N. Cipolla} } @article {9566, title = {Highlights of archaeological surveys in northern interior District of Mackenzie, N. W. T.}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {048-091}, author = {Donald~E.~Clark} } @Conference Paper {10411, title = {Prehistoric Culture Change on Southern Vancouver Island: The Applicability of Current Models of the Marpole Transition}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper examines the archaeological expression of the Locarno Beach - Marpole transition on Southern Vancouver Island. A total of nineteen sites dating between 2600 - 2000 years BP will be studied and compared to existing explanations of the Locarno Beach - Marpole transition. Multidimensional scaling will be used to show the relationship of Southern Vancouver Island archaeological sites during the Marpole transition to other contemporaneous Gulf of Georgia sites. Information collected will be viewed with the backdrop of the differential rise of sociocultural complexity on the Northwest Coast.}, author = {CLARK, Terry} } @Symposium Papers {10966, title = {Western Subarctic Prehistory: Twenty Years Later}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {079-093}, author = {Donald W. Clark and Richard E. Morlan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9111, title = {Archaeology on the Alaska Peninsula: The Coast of Shelikof Strait, 1963{\textendash}1965 (Clark); Archaeology on the Alaska Peninsula: The Ugashik Drainage, 1973{\textendash}1975 (Henn); and Archaeology on the Alaska Peninsula: The Naknek Region, 1960{\textendash}1975}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {093-104}, editor = {Donald W. Clark} } @Conference Paper {10415, title = {Environmental Determinism or Cultural Response?: The Role of Earthquakes in Shaping Gulf of Georgia Culture History}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Northwest Coast of North America saw the development of numerous prehistoric complex hunter gatherer groups. This area is also one of the most geologically active areas on the continent. This paper looks to tie the development of culture history to the complex geological history of periodic large scale earthquakes. As the most studied and best understood region of the Northwest Coast, the Gulf of Georgia will serve as an illustrative example of the role of earthquakes in shaping culture change. Seismic events have been discussed in archaeological contexts (Hayden and Ryder 1991, Hutchinson and McMillan 1998, McMillan and Hutchinson 2002) but have not, as of yet, been tied to archaeological theory to create an explanation of culture change. Using extant theory of complex hunter-gatherers this paper will provide a mechanism to link rapid environmental change to rapid cultural change. The timing and magnitude of earthquakes can have significant short- and long-term effects on the environment and those living in it (see Hutchinson and McMillan 1997, Clark 2000 for a discussion). This paper will examine two such events where the cultural response differed dramatically and the resultant culture change went in entirely opposite directions.}, author = {Terence Clark} } @article {9533, title = {Relationships of North Pacific and American Arctic Centres of Slate Grinding}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {027-038}, abstract = {

A number of centres or areas characterized by ground slate industries are examined for possible derivation from a few original centres. It is found that where relationships might be expected on the basis of proximity or age there often are disjunctures in time, space or techniques that fail to support derived origins. It is concluded that regional innovation has led to the development of several essentially independent ground slate industries. Presently no direct links are seen between West Coast, south Alaskan, Bering Strait, Asian Maritime Territory, early Dorset, and Northeastern U.S./Atlantic Provinces distributions though in a few instances stimulus may be suspected.

}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Conference Paper {10410, title = {Integrative Archaeology: A New Method for Complex Data}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper will introduce Integrative Archaeology. Integrative Archaeology uses Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA) to explore complex relationships across data classes. IDA uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a series multivariate statistics to view data in much more comprehensive way that previously possible. The utility of Integrative Archaeology will be demonstrated in several North American case studies.}, author = {Terence Clark} } @Symposium Papers {10956, title = {The Athabaskan-Eskimo Interface}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {013-023}, author = {A.~McFadyen~Clark} } @Conference Paper {10414, title = {The Development of the Northwest Coast Ethnographic Pattern: The Marpole Culture Type Re-examined}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of research on the Locarno Beach to Marpole transition within the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast. The Marpole culture type has been implicated as the time period when the Northwest Coast ethnographic patterns of status inequality, co-operative housing, intensive salmon storage and resource ownership are thought to develop. This paper discusses these processes as they pertain to the archaeological record and challenges some key concepts relating to the rise of sociocultural complexity on the Northwest Coast.}, author = {CLARK, Terry} } @article {9532, title = {A Microblade Production Station (KbTx{\textendash}2) In The South Central Yukon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {003-023}, abstract = {

Two areas of microblades and cores were excavated at the KbTx-2 site, located near Carmacks, Yukon, in 1983 and 1990. Each of the nearly contiguous microblade and core clusters is interpreted as representing the work area of a single or a small group of chert knappers and each area may represent a brief moment, during two camping episodes. Persons of the same, small Subarctic group may be responsible for both areas, but the two loci evidently are not coeval. KhTx-2 is not dated. The microblade cores are of the Campus or Denali type, which in Alaska occur through a broad time span extending from 10,700 to about 1500 years ago. In addition to the microblade industry, a few implements, including burins, were recovered.

}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Conference Paper {10409, title = {After British Mountain: An Appreciation of the Engigstciak Site}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Although the Engigstciak site of northernmost Yukon territory, excavated 20 years ago, is best known for its purported early British Mountain phase, other collections from the site, particularly the Arctic Small Tool tradition and paleo-Eskimo components, which never have been fully described, potentially are among the most significant material recovered from the North American Arctic. Geographic parameters, together with the known early distribution of Eskimos, place this site at a determining position in a corridor between Alaska and the remainder of the Arctic area. In contrast to regions farther west and east, this corridor is an area of little latitudinal (insular-coastal-inland) depth possessing compressed ecological zones. Thus, it is aptly suited for examination under a migration hypothesis. The present paper is a progress report on a re-examination of collections from the Engigstciak site.}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Symposium Papers {10969, title = {Prehistory of the western Subarctic}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {76-95}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9359, title = {People of the Middle Fraser Canyon: An Archaeological History}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {142-144}, editor = {Terence Clark} } @Conference Paper {10413, title = {Microblade-Culture Systematics in Far Northwestern Canada}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In 1954 R.S. MacNeish defined a Northwest Microblade tradition based mainly on material from the western District of Mackenzie, and in 1967 F.H. West defined a microblade using Denali complex based on material from Alaska. In his definition MacNeish stressed the presence of notched points, and his samples had few wedge-shaped microblade cores and notched transverse burins which are key elements of the Denali complex. Therefore West found the need for a new taxon. Subsequently wedge-shaped Denali (Campus) microblade cores have been found to be abundant in the Yukon and adjacent areas. And in Alaska there are notched points in a so-called Late Denali. With due allowance for regional and temporal variation, the two constructs describe a single entity. The Northwest Microblade tradition takes precedence.}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @article {9531, title = {Is There a Northern Cordilleran Tradition?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {023-048}, abstract = {

An early northwestern subarctic tradition is proposed to account for occupation preceding the Paleo-Arctic tradition (appearance of microblades). This northern Cordilleran tradition, based in part on MacNeish\&$\#$39;s Cordilleran tradition, also co-existed with the Paleo-Arctic in areas east of the latter and to some extent elsewhere in a geographical mosaic. This article first focuses on early components, in the estimated and postulated 12,000 to 10,000 year age range, which are characterized by bifaced projectile points including fluted points. The northern Cordilleran later takes into account assemblages which are poorly explained in terms of the Paleo-Arctic and Northern Archaic traditions and for which a Plains origin, implied by attribution to the Plano tradition, may be erroneous. The encompassing thesis of this article is that northern interior prehistory is more complex than is suggested by its present organization into major tradition con- structs. Proposals made here thus are not asserted to be ultimate historical reality but are offered in a tradition of discussion and reassessment of data.

}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Conference Paper {10408, title = {Terrain and Caribou Entrapments at Great Bear Lake}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Traces of several short caribou fences were observed at Great Bear Lake in 1979. The apparent mode of construction seen in these vestiges is described. Of greater interest than construction details, however, are the fence layouts which not only capitalize on the presence of various terrain features but actually incorporate terrain elements into the animal entrapments or to extend their effective length. This frequently entails linking fence construction with small gorges. Speculations are offered on the possible functioning of these entrapments.}, author = {Clark, D.} } @Conference Paper {10417, title = {Koyukon Athapascan Houses as Seen Through the Eyes of Informants and Through Archaeology}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The construction of protohistoric or early historic winter houses is revealed by excavations at three sites on tributaries of the Koyukuk River. These semi-subterranean houses had been occupied by members of a Koyukuk branch of the Koyukon Indians of north-central Alaska. Parallel and supplementary ethnographic descriptions of this type of winter house, which generally has not been occupied since approximately 1900, were obtained at Allakaket in 1961 and 1968 by A. McFadyen and D. Clark. The nature and distribution of the contents of the houses, such as faunal remains, dog feces, and hide scrapers, also are discussed on the basis of the archaeological finds and from information supplied by native informants. It is concluded that, although the archaeological and ethnographic approaches complement each other for some elements of the complex discussed, the description of the houses would stand as reasonably accurate even if it had been obtained from informants alone.}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @Conference Paper {10412, title = {Dusting-Off the British Mountain Component at Engigstciak}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {British Mountain has been the subject of both optimism for possible great antiquity as a station on the route between continents and derision for its foundation on the basis of MacNeish{\textquoteright}s enthusiastic reception of some artifacts from a muck layer. It has been redefined by people trying to see it as real, but not real ancient. With the advantage of having the collection at hand at The Canadian Museum of Civilization, along with the provenience catalogues, tried to solve the enigma (controversy) of British Mountain is on the basis of (a) its stratigraphic context at the Engigstciak site, (b) assemblage characterization, (c) artifact and faunal fragment refits, (d) associated fauna and pollen, (e) purity or discreteness of the assemblage, (f) lithology compared with that of other Engigstciak assemblages, and (g) radiocarbon dating. The results are interesting, instructive and revealing and succeed in making British Mountain all the more enigmatic.}, author = {Donald W. Clark} } @article {9530, title = {The Lake Site (KkHh-2), Southampton Island, N.W.T. and Its Position in Sadlermiut Prehistory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {053-081}, abstract = {

The Lake Site is a single component site on Southampton Island, N.W.T. occupied within the 14th to 16th centuries A.D. and representing a transitional phase of the Thule culture. Based on the evidence from this and other sites of the Neo-Eskimo period on Southampton Island, an hypothesis is offered to the effect that the material culture of the Thule population of Southampton Island was directly or indirectly influenced by the Dorset culture so that local Thule development rapidly took on a distinctive flavour. The Sadlermiut culture subsequently originated from a Thule population not unlike that represented at the Lake Site.

}, author = {Brenda Clark} } @Conference Paper {10416, title = {Old Songhees Reserve (DcRu-25): A Newly Discovered Northwest Coast Wetsite}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent recovery of organic material from the Old Songhees Reserve (DcRu-25) in Victoria, British Columbia has shed light on a dynamic period of human occupation. Dating to the European contact period, an interesting assemblage of prehistoric, ethnographic and historic items was unearthed. Notably this assemblage includes basketry, wooden fish hooks, a bentwood box, and one of the largest collections of leather shoes recovered from a North American wetsite. Analysis of the ethnographic artifacts depicts a rich story of the cosmopolitan life near Fort Victoria in the late 19th century. Less than 20 archaeological wetsites have been excavated from the entire Northwest Coast and this is the only one from the European contact period.}, author = {Terence Clark and Genevieve Hill and Kristina Bowie} } @Conference Paper {10419, title = {The Hartley site (FaNp-19): A Late Plains Period Habitation Site in South Central Saskatchewan}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Hartley site (FaNp-9) is a Late Plains Period habitation site located immediately south of Saskatoon and has been home to the University of Saskatchewan{\textquoteright}s archaeological field school for the past five years. The site bas two main occupations that are separated both vertically and horizontally across the site. Field school excavations have been concentrated in a small grove of trees that contains an intact single component which has produced materials of both the Old Women{\textquoteright}a and the Avonlea phases. This assemblage may in fact represent a winter co-occupation of the site by peoples of two cultural backgrounds. The faunal assemblage, while dominated by bison, includes several other species of mammals, as well as some birds and fish. This assemblage is, therefore, very diverse and is quite well preserved. This paper will focus on the wide variety of faunal remains and their importance to the interpretation of this site as well as discuss this site{\textquoteright}s role in the broader Plains subsistence strategy of this period.}, author = {Clarke, Grant} } @Conference Paper {10418, title = {Early Prehistoric Use of a Flood Scoured Landscape in Northeastern Alberta}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Golder Associates Ltd. is currently undertaking a multi-stage mitigation program associated with development of the Muskeg River Mine, north of Fort McMurray. The program represents efforts to recover information from a relatively unique distribution of Early and Middle Prehistoric Period sites. This distribution is directly related to a landscape formed in the wake of a glacial lake outwash event that occurred approximately 9,700 years ago. Linear elevated ridges appear to have been used as staging or hunt preparation areas during or after the retreat of glacial lake waters from the flood zone. This area of several square kilometres is thought to have been scoured of vegetation during initial flooding and would have represented a distinctly different, perhaps more productive, ecozone from the surrounding forests over a period that have persisted for approximately 2,000 years. GIS-based models of the terrain have been produced to illustrate alternate use patterns scenarios throughout the region.}, author = {Clarke, Grant and Brian Ronaghan} } @Conference Paper {10420, title = {On the Ottawa Valley, 5000Years Ago: The Morrison Island Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The late Clyde Kennedy excavated this site 35 years ago but he never got time to analyze its collection beyond the stage of a preliminary report. Re-analysis shows it is one of the most important Laurentian Archaic sites in the whole Northeast. A discussion of chronology, site nature and function, seasonality and variability is presented.}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9262, title = {Wonderful Power: The Story of Ancient Copper Working in the Lake Superior Basin}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {132-133}, editor = {Norman Clermont} } @article {9535, title = {{\'E}tranges objets d{\'e}cor{\'e}s des Indiens pr{\'e}historiques du Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {125-130}, abstract = {

Five small engraved pebbles were found out of archaeological context in the village of St-Pierre-les-Becquets, Qu{\'e}bec. The schematic motifs are not unlike some already found on rock art or on other small abjects already published, and the mirror-effect of the drawings was characteristic of local Indians. They might be pieces of an unknown dice game or magical paraphernalia.

}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9072, title = {Marriage Patterns in an Archaic Population, A Study of Skeletal Remains from Port au Choix, Newfoundland}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {085-086}, editor = {Norman Clermont} } @Conference Paper {10421, title = {Who Cares for Sunflower Seeds?}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In North America, sunflower has been cultivated on a very large territory since a very long time. Prehistoric Iroquoian groups used its seeds in Ontario and Quebec as well but, most of the time, it is not very conspicuous in archaeological sites. Why? Who really cared for sunflower seeds?}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @Symposium Papers {10967, title = {Quebec Prehistory Goes Marching In}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {195-200}, author = {Norman Clermont} } @article {9534, title = {Les polissoirs archa{\"\i}que de l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le Morrison}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {127-138}, abstract = {

Abrading stones constitute the most important type of tools found on the Archaic site of Morrison\&$\#$39;s Island. They cannot be easily classified into morphometric types and their extreme variability is more efficiently discussed as evidence of different uses. However, the palethnographic meaning of the scars linked to particularistic use of abrading stones remains elusive. Some propositions are discussed.

}, author = {Fran\çois Gauvin et Norman Clermont} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13483, title = {Prehistoric Games of North American Indians: Subarctic to Mesoamerica}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {200-202}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.200}, editor = {Susannah Clinker} } @Conference Paper {10423, title = {La c{\'e}ramique et le statut socio-{\'e}conomique des habitants de Qu{\'e}bec au 18e si{\'e}cle}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La c{\'e}ramique est utilis{\'e}e depuis longtemps par les arch{\'e}ologues dans l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation des sites fouill{\'e}s. Depuis une dizaine d{\textquoteright}ann{\'e}es, un indice de la valeur des c{\'e}ramiques au 19e si{\'e}cle, cr{\'e}{\'e} par Miller, permet de faire un lien entre le mat{\'e}riel c{\'e}ramique et le statut socio-{\'e}conomique de ses utilisateurs. Notre recherche avait pour but de conna{\^\i}tre la valeur relative des c{\'e}ramiques pour la p{\'e}riode pr{\'e}c{\'e}dente. Le d{\'e}pouillement de nombreux inventaires apr{\'e}s d{\'e}c{\'e}s de marchands de Qu{\'e}bec, de contrats de potiers, de factures de marchandises et de livres de comptes de marchands et d{\textquoteright}institutions religieuses, nous auront permis de d{\'e}terminer la valeur relative de quatre ustensiles en c{\'e}ramique pour la p{\'e}riode qui va de 1730 {\`a} 1775. L{\textquoteright}application de cet outil d{\textquoteright}analyse {\`a} trois sites de la Ville de Qu{\'e}bec (Place d{\textquoteright}Youville, C{\^o}te du Palais et Place Royale) permet de v{\'e}rifier l{\textquoteright}efficacit{\'e} de l{\textquoteright}indice c{\'e}ramique du 18e si{\'e}cle de la Ville de Qu{\'e}bec.}, author = {Cloutier, Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10422, title = {Some Problems, Answers and Wishes for Historic Period Ceramics}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {A lack of interest on the part of some researchers and a lack of careful study on the part of others has led to unsatisfactory presentation and utilization of ceramic material in the great majority of historic period archaeological reports. Although several typologies have been offered in recent years, most of these suffer from a lack of knowledge of ceramic technology, from imprecise logic and from failure to reflect meaningful data. The Artifact Research Laboratory of the National Historic Sites Service has oriented some of its research towards the determination, quantification and adequate expression of those characteristics that reflect the technological, temporal, spatial and functional qualities of the material. The problems of classification are not yet solved but temporary measures have to be taken to assure adequate communication and proper utilization of data both by the archaeologist and the researchers.}, author = {Cloutier, Jean-Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10424, title = {Lithic Manufacturing in the Lesser Antilles: A Study of North Crabb{\textquoteright}s Bay, Antigua}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The island of Antigua, located in the Lesser Antilles, is important in Caribbean archaeology in regards to its flint resources. For this reason, many preceramic sites are located on the island. One such site, Jolly Beach, has been extensively studied in terms of lithic manufacturing. Recently, a similar sites, North Crabb{\textquoteright}s Bay, has been part of the Antigua archaeological field school, based out of the University of Calgary. At the Jolly Beach site Davis (2000) found that by studying the angular debris produced differences in the manufacturing of flakes and blades can be obtained. This method is compared at the site of North Crabb{\textquoteright}s Bay.}, author = {Christine Cluney} } @Conference Paper {10425, title = {Variabilit{\'e} de l{\textquoteright}utilisation de la faune marine dans un site du d{\'e}but de l{\textquoteright}{\^a}ge de la c{\'e}ramique {\`a} Antigua,}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Christine Cluney} } @Conference Paper {10426, title = {Le Centre de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence lithique du Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Par la comparaison de la mati{\'e}re premi{\'e}re formant le support d{\textquoteright}artefact de pierre avec des {\'e}chantillons g{\'e}ologiques de sources connues, l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologue parvient {\`a} identifier des sources d{\textquoteright}approvisionnement exploit{\'e}es durant la pr{\'e}histoire. La connaissance des sources d{\textquoteright}approvisionnement nous renseigne sur les sph{\'e}res d{\textquoteright}interaction, les migrations saisonni{\'e}res et les syst{\'e}mes d{\textquoteright}{\'e}change. Malheureusement, on ignore tr{\'e}s souvent la source des mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res formant le support de nos artefacts pr{\'e}historiques. Le Centre de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence lithique du Qu{\'e}bec vient donc combler un besoin r{\'e}el en regroupant des {\'e}chantillons de mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res lithiques du nord-est am{\'e}ricain. Le Centre de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence lithique du Qu{\'e}bec compte d{\'e}j{\`a} plus de 300 {\'e}chantillons et beaucoup d{\textquoteright}autres s{\textquoteright}y ajouteront. Il est en contact avec des arch{\'e}ologues oeuvrant au Qu{\'e}bec et {\'e}galement avec des arch{\'e}ologues ontariens et am{\'e}ricains qui lui font parvenir de nouveaux {\'e}chantillons qui sont aussit{\^o}t int{\'e}gr{\'e}s {\`a} la collection du Centre. Le Centre de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence est {\'e}galement en contact avec des g{\'e}ologues et des prospecteurs parcourant le territoire qu{\'e}b{\'e}cois. En raison du r{\^o}le que le Centre de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence lithique est appel{\'e} {\`a} jouer dans l{\textquoteright}analyse arch{\'e}ologique, il est vraisemblable de croire qu{\textquoteright}il deviendra un lieu de rencontre et de recherche important pour les arch{\'e}ologues du nord-est am{\'e}ricain.}, author = {Cod{\'e}re, Yvon} } @Conference Paper {10427, title = {The Classic Maya as Art Historical Subject:A Call for Re-Direction}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Why has the representational art of the Maya become the focus for so many archaeologists of vastly different fieldwork experience? And why are advances in analysis of social process, such as those provided by critical theories and post-structural methodologies, so rarely applied? Does nationalism preclude embrace of certain methodologies? Do some scholars retreat into increasingly fanciful and positivist reconstructions of ancient Maya society not despite the nightmare of repression and genocide that has befallen the living Maya but in reaction to it? Indeed, the efficacy of focusing on representation may derive from older Art Historical methodologies noted for their ability to separate objects from lived econornic and political realities in order to recontextualize thern in idealized and elite-defined settings. We must formulate a methodology which resists idealizing Ancient Maya society and which reckons with the impact of academic theorizing on current political situations.}, author = {Cohodas, Marvin} } @article {9536, title = {Causes of Toolkit Variation Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Test of Four Competing Hypotheses}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {1-19}, abstract = {

Variation in subsistence-related material culture is an important aspect of the archaeological and ethnographic records, but the factors that are responsible for it remain unclear. Here, we examine this issue by evaluating four factors that may affect the diversity and complexity of the food-getting tools employed by hunter-gatherer populations: 1) the nature of the food resources; 2) risk of resource failure; 3) residential mobility; and 4) population size. We apply step-wise multiple regression analysis to technological and ecological data for 20 hunter-gatherer populations from several regions of the world. The analyses support the hypothesis that risk of resource failure has a significant impact on toolkit diversity and complexity. The results do not support the hypothesis that the characteristics of the resources exploited for food influence toolkit structure, or that residential mobility affects toolkit diversity and complexity. They are also not in line with the hypothesis that population size has an impact on toolkit structure. While our analyses appear to strongly support the suggestion that resource failure risk is the primary influence on hunter-gatherer toolkit structure, we argue that it would be premature to discount the other factors at this stage, and outline the steps that we believe need to be taken next.

}, author = {Mark Collard and Michael Kemery and and Samantha Banks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9285, title = {Table Glass in Canada 1700{\textendash}1850}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {090-091}, editor = {Elizabeth Collard} } @Conference Paper {10428, title = {Element Survivorship of Salmo salar}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This investigative taphonomic study explored the role of bone density and pH in the survival of salmon bones. Selected salmon elements were defleshed and subjected to a period of four weeks in four different solutions that ranged from pH 4 to pH 10. The results of the study, although preliminary, indicated that both extremely alkaline and extremely acidic environments were detrimental to element survival. Bone density was not found to correlate significantly with survivorship and no interaction was detected between pH and density. These results yield some interesting findings with respect to Northwest coast sites, as they are typically found in alkaline environments and are often linked with significant salmon use. Further research should be directed towards both acquiring accurate density measurements for the different species of salmon and in conducting more intensive experimental taphonomic studies.}, author = {Ben Collins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11405, title = {Keystone Nations: Indigenous Peoples and Salmon Across the North Pacific}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {121-124}, editor = {Aubrey Cannon} } @Conference Paper {10429, title = {A Boat, a View and Some Friends: A Critical Re-Evaluation of the Field Techniques Used to Survey and Record the Rock Art Sites of the Lake of the Wood}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The physical location of the pictographs has fundamentally influenced both how pictograph sites are found and interpreted. Unfortunately, fieldwork methods and analytical techniques used by archaeologists to survey archaeological sites reinforce how pictograph sites are considered. Archaeologists have developed a range of techniques to record these images, including tracing these images in red paint on wet rice paper and dot-for-dot reproduction of each image using clear plastic and coloured felt tip pens. However, even if precise recording techniques are employed both field and the analytical techniques continue to cause problems. Essentially these images are "trapped within a formula". New methods of recording the pictograph sites must acknowledge that this art, regardless of where it is found, is a form of communication and that its study is concerned about meaning. Similar images exist in other places, such as those found in the birch bark scrolls. Clearly, it is important to remain aware of the vast trans-media commonality of the imagery. Additional bodies of information from disciplines other than archaeology must be used in conjunction with a re-organization of how field data about these sites are collected and interpreted. The archaeologist must be aware of the tools, questions, and problems of other disciplines as well as their own. Yet rock art sites cannot be examined using the same techniques as applied to other archaeological sites. The theoretical approaches used and the questions asked may be the same, but the practical methods used to recover, catalogue and analyse the data are radically different from those that archaeologists apply to "traditional" archaeological sites. The area surrounding these images can perhaps be excavated, but the physical context will not provide information about the cultural context of the images themselves. This paper will critique the field techniques used by previous researchers in the Lake of the Woods area and commonly held views about how to survey and record these images. The sites in the Lake of the Woods area appear representative of those found in the archaeological surveys conducted on the rock art of the Canadian Shield. The individual pictograph sites associated with this lake vary in number and range of mages. It has been traditionally believed that the pictographs are found at the base of the vertical granitic rock walls, either immediately beside the water or several metres from the water{\textquoteright}s surface. Yet, my own fieldwork has demonstrated that rock art sites do not always exist in conjunction with a body of water. My own fieldwork has demonstrated that these sites were located sometimes away from the water{\textquoteright}s edge and occasionally found in caves. Yet, stereotypes about the physical location have fundamentally influenced how they have been found and interpreted. I intend to develop a new and more synthetic direct-historical approach to the interpretation of the rock art that overcomes some of the problems inherent in previous work. This approach will involve the investigation of the beliefs and traditions of the Ojibwa people in the expectation that these findings can be applied to the rock art. It will explicitly examine the images as complex dimensional media created in the context of their physical surroundings.}, author = {Colson, Alicia} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9391, title = {Archaeological Ethics (2nd edition) (Karen D. Vitelli and Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, editors) and The Ethics of Archaeology: Philosophical Perspectives on Archaeological Practice}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {135-141}, editor = {Alicia J.M. Colson} } @Conference Paper {10430, title = {Sealing and Whaling: Transitions in Eastern Arctic Paleoeconomies}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The importance of bowhead whales in Classic Thule diets has been a topic of ongoing debate. Some researchers have argued that bowheads were scavenged for meat and bone, the latter used primarily for construction of residential dwellings. Others have argued that bowheads were actively hunted in open sea umiaks and made a significant contribution to Thule diets, warranting the maintenance of winter villages at vantage points along bowhead migration routes. Recent research highlighting the correlation between household caches of whaling gear and metal tools, has furthered interest in Thule subsistence strategies. Here I report preliminary results of a stable and radio-isotope study designed to address this topic. Thule and proto-historic skeletal remains have been analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures; accelerator radiocarbon dating is underway. Initial results indicate a trophic level difference between Thule and proto-historic diets consistent with the notion that baleen whales made a significant contribution to Thule subsistence.}, author = {Coltrain, Joan Brenner} } @Conference Paper {10432, title = {An XRF Analysis of the Arrowstone Lithic Material}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The chemical characterization of lithic material has been extensively applied in many areas to examine varying aspects of prehistoric life. However, in some regions those studies have focused on specific rock types, such as obsidian, with little attention paid to the more common lithic types that were being utilized. This point is well demonstrated in the Interior of British Columbia where researchers have indiscriminately grouped a range of volcanic lithic types into a general category, which have been traditionally recorded as {\textquoteright}vitreous basalts{\textquoteright}. The opportunity to correctly define as well as test the viability of a chemical characterization of one of these volcanic rock types was suggested after the discovery of a large quarry site within the Arrowstone Hills region of British Columbia. The results of that initial study are presented in the following paper, with specific reference to the application of the XRF technique in further studies.}, author = {Commisso, Rob} } @Conference Paper {10431, title = {D{\'e}terminer la nature du contenu des d{\'e}potoirs gr{\^a}ce {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuation des v{\'e}g{\'e}taux modernes}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Commisso, Rob} } @article {9537, title = {Puffballs from the Past: Identification of Gasteromycetes from a Lillooet Archaeological Site and Speculation Regarding their Aboriginal Use}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {154-159}, author = {Brian D. Compton and Rolf Mathewes and Gaston Guzman} } @Conference Paper {10434, title = {Archaeology, Museums and the Public}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Interpreting the past for the public is a basic task for museum archaeologists. The public is a mosaic of groups with special needs and expectations of a museum and includes children, professional and avocational archaeologists, tourists and Native people. For many, the subject matter concerns a culture not only far removed in time, but also one with a fundamentally different premise and world view. The redevelopment of the Native Peoples Gallery at the Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History has provided an opportunity to examine critically our premises about Native cultures and the interpretive techniques used to convey an understanding of those cultures.}, author = {Gerald T. Conaty} } @Conference Paper {10433, title = {Stratigraphic disturbance and artefact taphonomy: thoughts on the tyranny of the principle of depositional superposition}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The principle of stratigraphic superposition remains one of the fundamental concepts employed in archaeological analysis. Lately, however, discussion has also been given to the effects of human and natural disturbance factors and their relationships to observed artifact sequences. The analysis of these factors is usually undertaken only when obvious disturbance features such as frost heaving, ploughing or downslope mass wasting are apparent. Mixing of artifact assemblages may also occur in sites with less obvious pedological disruptions. Two methods of discovering and assessing unobvious disturbances are considered: one statistical; and one qualitative. The relative merits of each are discussed and their applicability to archaeological contexts is illustrated with case studies. The implications of intra-site artifact displacement are examined in terms of the interpretive paradigm of archaeological stratigraphy.}, author = {Conaty, G. and Bobrowsky, P.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9091, title = {Avonlea Yesterday and Today{\textemdash}Archaeology and Prehistory}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {237-239}, editor = {Gerald T. Conaty} } @Conference Paper {10435, title = {Progress and Problems in Recent Trade Bead Research}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Glass trade beads occur in almost all protohistoric and historic archaeological sites. These materials that should be helpful in dating seldom are since almost nothing is known of bead chronology or typology. The dozen-or-so workers in this area have focused on specific problems such as the location of various European manufacturers, processes of manufacture, exact chronologies derived from European sources, relative chronologies derived from North American sites, and the correlation of archaeological materials with dated ethnographical specimens. From this research, two significant publications have come within the last two years. However, those engaged in trade bead studies reckon more unsolved problems than accomplished results. The writer suggests that most of these could be attacked more effectively with increased intercommunication among those concerned. Contact should also be established with those in other disciplines (e.g. historians and chemists) whose interests are complementary. Finally there is a considerable need to locate and study all collections of properly-excavated materials.}, author = {Conn, Richard G.} } @article {9538, title = {Collaboration, Partnerships, and Relationships within a Corporate World}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {541-562}, abstract = {

Incorporating community involvement and collaboration in archaeological research is difficult in the best of situations, but is it even possible from within large corporate Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firms? Can archaeologists draw from established community-based participatory research (CBPR) and apply its principles to CRM archaeology? Given that commercial archaeology involves potentially multiple conflicting stakeholders, time and budget constraints, narrow work parameters, and many other intricacies, those of us seeking a more equitable approach have found the application of collaborative practices much more challenging. Using lessons learned during a major excavation project in British Columbia\’s Lower Mainland, we suggest methods and techniques for bridging the gap between the academic model of community-based participatory research and the more practical considerations required of consulting archaeology. These examples represent small steps in moving towards a future where CRM helps facilitate the development of sustainable community partnerships through collaborative praxis transforming archaeology (Atalay et al. 2014).

}, author = {Sean P. Connaughton and Mike Leon and James Herbert} } @article {13186, title = {Tidal Belongings: First Nations{\textendash}Driven Archaeology to Preserve a Large Wooden Fish Trap Panel Recovered from the Comox Harbour Intertidal Fish Trap Complex in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {016-051}, abstract = {

This article describes the recent identification, documentation, and preservation of a large wooden lattice-work panel recovered from a wet-site trap complex located in Comox Harbour on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This project was the result of Indigenous community members proactively taking control of their heritage for protection and conservation. Based on the research of the contributors, this panel appears to be the largest and most intact example of a fish trap panel from an archaeological context on the Northwest Coast. This paper provides data and interpretations to better understand Indigenous fisheries and the technology of the extensive systems of wooden fish traps that once spanned most of Comox Harbour.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.16}, author = {Sean P. Connaughton and Genevieve Hill and Jesse Morin and Cory Frank and Nancy Greene and David McGee} } @article {11932, title = {Hunter-gatherer Mobility, Territoriality, and Placemaking in the Kawartha Lakes Region, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {185-209}, abstract = {

This paper is about the archaeological settlement patterns generated by mid to late Holocene (ca. 5000 to 1000 cal BP) hunter-gatherer societies in the Kawarthas region of south-central Ontario. My central goal is to evaluate the extent to which the structure of the regional waterway network was a determinant influence on regional mobility and spatial interaction, and thus also the formation of persistent places used over millennia for residential and ritual purposes. To do this, I generate predictions concerning the catchment sizes of central place foraging locations and apply a simple spatial interaction model that prioritizes centrality as a critical factor influencing settlement choices in the regional waterway network. At spatial scales commensurate with daily foraging, the predictions concerning centrality exhibit statistically robust concordance with site locations, and a poor fit with random control data, supporting the model{\textquoteright}s assumptions. Furthermore, ritual places used by ancient communities for elaborate mortuary programs were found to be central at geographic scales exceeding the predicted range of residential foraging. This strengthens the hypothesis that these places were selected as a function of their strategic position within much larger geographic networks, commensurate with territorial areas and places of heighted inter-community interaction. This offers support for interpreting these locations not only as places where ritual and economic needs were entwined, but also as locations of pronounced socioecological value where tenure and access rights were signaled and reinforced by the acts of ritual placemaking.

}, author = {James Conolly} } @article {9539, title = {Early Collective Burial Practices in a Complex Wetland Setting: An Interim Report on Mortuary Patterning, Paleodietary Analysis, Zooarchaeology, Material Culture and Radiocarbon Dates from Jacob Island (BcGo-17), Kawartha Lakes, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {106-133}, abstract = {

The emergence of collective burial practices is of central interest to archaeologists interested in understanding the evolution of cooperative corporate group behaviour. We here provide an interim report of our documentation and analysis of one of the earliest known collective burials in south-central Ontario, located in a narrowly circumscribed (0.5 ha) parcel of land on Jacob Island overlooking Pigeon Lake in the Kawartha Lakes district. This paper provides a preliminary overview and summary of the findings to date, focusing on the burial patterns, palaeodietary analysis, material culture characteristics, and chronology. Our work has extended evidence of cemetery burials in southern Ontario back to the fifth millennium B.P., and we show how these practices relate to the better documented mortuary programs of the second and third millennium B.P.

}, author = {James Conolly and Jeffrey Dillane and Kate Dougherty and Kathleen Elaschuk and Kristen Csenkey and Teresa Wagner and Jocelyn Williams} } @Conference Paper {10436, title = {An evaluation of the value of total viewshed analysis: an example from Antikythera, Greece}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper explores the contribution of total viewshed analysis for understanding long-term human settlement pattern choices on the island of Antikythera, Greece. A {\textquoteright}viewshed{\textquoteright} is a GISc term that describes the set of locations (grid cells) within a landscape that can be seen from a single observation point. A {\textquoteright}cumulative viewshed{\textquoteright} (Tomlin 1990) is the sum of a set of viewsheds that tells us how many observation points can see each location. A {\textquoteright}total viewshed{\textquoteright} is identical to a cumulative viewshed except that all locations are used as observation points, and thus the end product is a representation of the visual magnitude of each location on the landscape{\textendash}-what Llobera describes as a first description of the visual structure for an entire terrain (Llobera 2003: 34). The essential point in regard to human behaviour, however, is that the visual structure of a landscape has an impact on the human experience, understanding and/or use of that landscape. As the visual structure of a landscape can be modelled using GIS software, it becomes possible to examine empirically the relationship between this structure and the spatio-temporal variability of human activities in that landscape. In this paper I outline the total viewshed analysis of an island in the southern Aegean (Antikythera) for which we have long-term settlement pattern data (over seven millennia) in order to test the hypothesis that the visual characteristics of the landscape had an impact on settlement location.}, author = {James Conolly} } @Conference Paper {10438, title = {Stylistic Trends of Rock Art in Northeastern Ontario}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper outlines three proposed stylistic regions for prehistoric rock art in the Shield. Newly recorded pictograph sites form the basis for a stylistic region centered in the Lake Temagami to Kirkland Lake area. The northeastern shore of Lake Superior and Missinaibi Lake areas are also suggested as regions with distinctive art trends. Temporal and spacial stylistic parameters provide a model to be tested in portions of the Canadian Shield.}, author = {Conway, T.} } @Conference Paper {10437, title = {Pointe Aux Pins{\textendash}The First Shipyard on Lake Superior}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Cartographic, archival and archaeological evidence is used to identify the site of De La Ronde{\textquoteright}s 1734 shipyard on the St. Mary{\textquoteright}s River. Alexander Henry and associates occupied the same site in the 1770{\textquoteright}s for ship building and construction of Ontario{\textquoteright}s first assaying furnace.}, author = {Conway, T.} } @Conference Paper {10439, title = {Heartland of the Ojibwa}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Heartland of the Ojibwa is a study into Late Archaic, Middle and Late Woodland, and Early Historic period archaeology along the St. Mary{\textquoteright}s River corridor at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. General site survey, analysis of existing collections and site salvage projects are united to provide a cultural chronology for an important settlement centre.}, author = {Conway, T.} } @Conference Paper {10442, title = {New Archaeological Approaches to the Study of Graeco-Roman Period Canals in the Fayum Region (Egypt)}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {During the Graeco-Roman period (ca. 300BC - AD400) an extensive system of canals provided irrigation water to the Fayum region of Egypt, greatly increasing its agricultural productivity. Despite the fact that traces of these important features are still preserved in the landscape, and despite the fact that numerous methodologies have been developed for the study of canal systems in other parts of the world, the Fayum irrigation system has only been examined archaeologically once previously (1927-1928). In fact, virtually everything that is known about these irrigation canals has been learned from ancient Greek documents preserved on papyrus. As a team member of the UCLA/RUG Fayum Project, I have been conducting survey and excavation along one portion of the canal system near the ancient site of Karanis (Kom Aushim) in the Fayum. This paper reports on preliminary results of the first field season and assesses the effectiveness and applicability of the geo-archaeological techniques employed.}, author = {R. James Cook} } @Conference Paper {10441, title = {Obsidian in the Beringian Area: A Progress Report}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Considerable progress has been made in Obsidian analysis in Alaska, northwest Canada, and Siberia over the last year. The project is comprised of two major elements: source identification and hydration measurements. Although the former is fundamental to reliable dating and has been the major foeus of our research this last year, significant advances have also been made in consolidating a hydration measurement database. Using instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), X-Ray diffraction (XRF), and microprobe analyses, more than 900 samples of obsidian have been analyzed for their elemental composition. These three methods will be compared and evaluated for their efficiency and reliability in differentiating obsidian. Each has particular strengths and weaknesses. The statistical results of these analyses will be compared and the distinguishing signatures of the obsidian will be identified. The geographic distribution of the distinctive obsidian groups will be presented with particular emphasis on the eastern Beringian region.}, author = {Cook, John P.} } @article {11801, title = {Canadian Digital Archaeology: On Boundaries and Futures}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {038-045}, author = {Katherine Cook and Mary E. Compton} } @Conference Paper {10440, title = {Canoe Routes and Lithic Distributions}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The increased precipitation and colder weather over the last 5,000 years raised lake and river levels significantly improving their utility for human travel and transport. The birch bark canoe gave humans unparalleled access to food resources and larger cultural networks poorly understood today. On the Maritime Peninsula, bisected by large north to south flowing rivers whose headwaters flow from a common highland and whose east-west tributaries nearly intertwine, prehistoric people used birch bark canoes to establish a variety of routes also used by subsequent cultural groups as revealed by archaeological remains and the distribution of distinctive lithic materials.}, author = {David Cook} } @Conference Paper {10443, title = {The Sap of Our Life: Carrier Perspectives on Culturally Modified Trees}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Today when we think of forested areas, often what comes to mind are the very different perspectives of loggers and environmentalists. It is hard to imagine what our Carrier ancestors thought of the trees. We know these large plants played an important role in subsistence and survival because that is still recognized today. Pine trees supplied {\textquoteright}Chundoo-hhee{\textquoteright} in the spring, a sweet treat that could be dried and re-hydrated, or eaten fresh. Carrier {\textquoteright}chiclets{\textquoteright} came from Spruce trees. The red pitch also served medicinal and adhesive purposes. Cooling baskets-the all important multi-use vessels were made from bark. The tools that were used for stripping the trees were carefully passed along as family heirlooms. Often made from Caribou antler, they were artfully decorated with circles, dots, and short lines. My Carrier ancestors adopted a pragmatic approach to the forested areas, combining the perspectives of loggers and environmentalists. They had a cultural reverence for the forest and were able to harvest its products but preserve nature in all its beauty.}, author = {COOMBES, Joanne and Cheslatta-Carrier First Nation} } @Conference Paper {10445, title = {Neolithic Quarrying on a Rainbow Island}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {On the small island of Lambay off the east coast of Ireland, a new stone axehead quarry site dating to the Neolithic period has been identified. This arose out of the broader research programme of the Irish Stone Axe Project. Axeheads of a medium-grained volcanic rock, porphyritic andesite (porphyry) are of local importance in the eastern part of Ireland. It had been previously suggested that Lambay was a possible source of these axes. Survey and on-going excavation has led to the recognition of a quarry site on the island. Radiocarbon dates and cultural material indicate a date in the mid-fourth millennium BC. While quarry production seems to have been relatively small-scale, the site has much wider significance for the interpretation of the role of stone axeheads in the Neolithic for a number of reasons. It is the first axe quarry site recognised in either Ireland or Britain for medium- or course-grained lithologies, with primary working by pecking and hammering. All the other known sites are for fine-grained lithologies, with primary working by flaking. In contrast to other stone axehead quarry sites all stages of production, including grinding and polishing were carried out on-site. When polished porphyry has a spectacular colour and this seems to have been a major factor in the choice of this lithology. Alongside the quarrying activity there were a series of deliberate, structured deposits placed in the ground. In these deposits there is a strong emphasis on different materials and different colours that seem to refer to the wider landscape of the island.}, author = {Cooney, Gabriel} } @Conference Paper {10444, title = {Axe Quarrying and Production in Neolithic Ireland}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Stone axeheads are an important aspect of the material culture of the Neolithic period (4000-2500 BC) in Ireland. They were also in use prior to this, during the Mesolithic (before 7000 - 4000 BC) and subsequently in the Bronze Age (from 2500 BC) Since the early 1990s there has been a major, on-going research project (the Irish Stone Axe Project) focussing on the compilation of a computerised database of stone axeheads of Irish provenance. This is to provide a research engine for a range of projects on stone axeheads. The data base contains archaeological and petrological information. The methodlogical aim is to look at axes in terms of a "cultural biography" approach and to critically assess the post-depositional factors that have influenced the archaeological record. To date there are records of over 22,000 axeheads on the database. Using this data the paper will explore the range of lithologies used in the production of stone axeheads in Ireland. There is evidence of quarrying of a number of primary sources as well as the widespread use of secondary sources, such as beach and river cobbles. There are two known quarry sites in northeast Ireland for the major source used, a rock known as porcellanite. Alongside patterns of use of a range of Irish sources, it is clear that axeheads were exchanged between Ireland and Britain during the Neolithic and there are also a small number of axes of continental European origin.}, author = {Cooney, Gabriel} } @Conference Paper {10447, title = {Twenty Years of Archaeology in the Klondike National Park Service in Skagway, Alaska}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Skagway, Alaska has recently completed twenty years of building restoration, and associated Section 106 cultural research. Archaeological research has taken place at various business sites {\textendash} a Gold Rush landing/storage site, a railroad depot, two saloons, a restaurant that was later razed to make way for a haberdashery, and a hotel later turned into an apartment complex. Work at residential sites included a missionary building built on top of a Gold Rush dump site, a Catholic priest{\textquoteright}s privy, the cabin and house site of one of the town founder{\textquoteright}s and his Tlingit wife, its post-Gold Rush occupation and remodeling by another Skagway pioneer family, and half a block of residences that during the Gold Rush and later periods were lived in by various of Skagway{\textquoteright}s pioneer families. Research themes have focused on the building of Skagway{\textquoteright}s infrastructure, acculturation, the role of tourism, the effect of Prohibition, and everyday life both before, during and after the hordes of Klondike stampeders step foot on Skagway{\textquoteright}s shores.}, author = {COOPER, Doreen} } @article {12779, title = {Precontact Native Copper Innovation in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {185{\textendash}122}, abstract = {

Copper has figured prominently in discussions of social complexity among Northwest Coast Cultures. Coppers, shield-like sheets of copper variable in size, were a form of lineage wealth displayed, gifted, or ritually destroyed at potlatches; and copper artifacts have been recovered from human burials. The former use of copper is well-documented ethnographically and historically while the latter phenomenon is less well understood. This paper provides an overview of the occurrence of copper in precontact archaeological contexts in British Columbia using published and unpublished literature. Our investigation is framed within a Behavioral Archaeology approach that elicits ideas on copper innovation and all that it entailed. We find that copper is rare in precontact contexts from a province-wide perspective; there was likely more than one instance of native copper innovation; and contrary to previous suggestions, the copper-rich Dene region of south-central Alaska and southwestern Yukon cannot account for most of the precontact examples of copper use in the province. We offer some hypotheses to explain the precontact distribution of copper in BC, including both local invention and diffusion, not in an attempt to deliver the final verdict on this topic, but rather, to stimulate additional research.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.185}, author = {H. Kory Cooper and Garett Hunt and Nicholas Waber and Carey Gray} } @Conference Paper {10446, title = {PETUN WORKED BONE AND SHELL STUDY PROJECT}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {An introduction to the newly-formed Petun Research Institute, its repository and the facilities available to archaeologists working in this area of Ontario history and prehistory. Highlighted is the faunal research project recently begun by Peter Hamalainen and Janet Cooper under the PRI umbrella, focussing in its initial phase on the rich faunal artifact recovery from the Sidey-Mackay site excavated by Wintemberg in the 1920s and Garrad in the 1970s.}, author = {COOPER, Janet and Peter HAMALAINEN} } @Conference Paper {10450, title = {In the Tangled Garden: Archaeology, Art History, and the Group of Seven}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {An archaeological investigation was commissioned by the City of Vaughan as part of the historic landscape design for the J.E.H. MacDonald property in Thornhill, Ontario. The goal of the investigation was to identify through archaeology the structure in the background of MacDonald{\textquoteright}s most celebrated painting and thus determine the location of the garden. This award winning project represented the first archaeological investigation related to Canada{\textquoteright}s Group of Seven and is an example of the contribution archaeology can make to art history.}, author = {Cooper, Martin} } @Conference Paper {10449, title = {Sources of Copper for the Northwest Coast}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Prior to the arrival of explorers and fur traders in Northwest North America in the 18th century, copper was highly prized among the many different indigenous groups and its possession was associated with high status. Several historic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric sources have credited either the Ahtna of southeastern interior Alaska or the Tutchone of the southwestern Yukon, both Athabaskan-speaking groups, as the main suppliers of copper throughout northwestern North America. Nuggets of native copper (i.e. metallic, 98-99\% pure), either raw or fashioned into artifacts, circulated through a trade network distributing prestige goods throughout the Northwest Pacific region. Several of the better-known sources lie within the boundary of what is today, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST-NP/P) in Alaska. Source material from within the park and artifacts from a nearby site (GUL-077) were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to obtain trace element data that could be used to differentiate various sources of copper in the region. This paper presents the preliminary results of this research and addresses future possible directions.}, author = {Cooper, H. Kory and John Duke} } @Conference Paper {10448, title = {The Norton Site (AfHh-86): A Late Iroquoian Village in London, Ontario}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Norton site (AfHh-86) is a large village site loc-ated in a public park, overlooking the Thames River in London, Ontario. Portions of nine, closely spaced and regularly aligned longhouses were recorded in 1988 during excavations conducted by Archaeological Services Inc. within a 100 metre long utilities right-of-way which crossed the site. While artifactual finds were relatively few, they suggest that the site was occupied between A.D. 1450 and 1500. As the site had largely been unknown to researchers in the London area, the Norton site is of considerable importance for the reconstruction of the late prehistoric settlement sequence of southwestern Ontario.}, author = {Cooper, Martin S. and David A. Robertson} } @Conference Paper {10451, title = {8,000 years of history and prehistory at Fort Langley National Historic Park}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Field school excavations at Fort Langley National Historic Park, British Columbia (1988-1996) reveal the presence of multiple pre-contact First Nations{\textquoteright} occupations dating ca 200-8400 years B.P. Excavations of the historic Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company depot (1839-1888) uncovered features which aid Canada Parks Service reconstruction plans for the fort.}, author = {COPP, Stanley A} } @Conference Paper {10452, title = {Similkameen-Okanogan Region}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Okanogan and Similkameen Valleys of north-central Washington and south-central British Columbia share many attributes over 8-10,000 years, beginning with Windust and/or Cascade Phase cultures. Stronger cultural ties are associated with Columbia Plateau sequences, but influences from the outhern Fraser Plateau are significant at times. This paper examines inter and intra-valley and extra-areal similarities and differences in projectile point types, and sheds light on larger issues such as Columbia-Fraser Plateau interaction spheres.}, author = {COPP, Stanley A} } @Conference Paper {10455, title = {Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Pour la plupart des pr{\'e}historiens d{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}rique du Nord, la revue American Antiquity repr{\'e}sente une source majeure d{\textquoteright}information, un mod{\'e}le du p{\'e}riodique arch{\'e}ologique. Or, ce n{\textquoteright}est qu{\textquoteright}une source dans un oc{\'e}an de publications dont l{\textquoteright}infiation tend {\`a} nous {\'e}chapper. Pour se tenir {\`a} jour dans ses lectures, chacun construit sa propre liste de titres {\`a} consulter selon son cr{\'e}neau et ses go{\^u}ts; mais nos choix souffrent de l{\textquoteright}absence d{\textquoteright}une vue d{\textquoteright}ensemble du march{\'e} de la publication p{\'e}riodique en arch{\'e}ologie. Plus de 200 titres de p{\'e}riodiques consacr{\'e}s enti{\'e}rement ou en bonne partie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie pr{\'e}historique font l{\textquoteright}objet de l{\textquoteright}analyse bibliom{\'e}trique pr{\'e}sent{\'e}e ici. Malgr{\'e} l{\textquoteright}abondance et la diversit{\'e} des formes et des contenus, il est possible d{\textquoteright}identifier un certain nombre de types de p{\'e}riodiques. On acc{\'e}de {\`a} l{\textquoteright}information qu{\textquoteright}ils contiennent par une litt{\'e}rature secondaire tout aussi abondante et vari{\'e}e. Un indice quantitatif permet de proposer un palmar{\'e}s de revues importantes et de sources secondaires majeures. La production canadienne dans le domaine re{\c c}oit une attention particuli{\'e}re.}, author = {Corbell, Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10454, title = {Beyond American Antiquity : a survey of archaeological periodicals}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Most North American archaeologists consider American Antiquity as a primary source of information: it is a model for archaeological periodicals. But it is only one source in a sea of publications the inflation of which is considered by many to be out of control. To stay afloat, each of us builds his own list of relevant titles depending on his own research interests and taste. These choices are rarely made with an accurate overview of what is on the market of archaeological publishing. More than 200 periodicals devoted entirely or mostly to prehistoric archaeology are studied in the bibliometric analysis presented here. Despite abundance and variety of forms and contents, it is possible to identify different types of periodicals. Information is accessed through a secondary literature showing similar characteristies of abundance and variability. A quantitative index is used to build core lists of primary and secondary titles. Special attention is given to Canadian production.}, author = {Corbell, Pierre} } @Conference Paper {10453, title = {Sedimentological Analyses of the Heron Eden Site (EeOi-11)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Bone Bed is a Palaeo-Indian bison processing site located in southwestern Saskatchewan. Situated within a glacial lake basin, this occupation has yielded several stemmed projectile points and has been radiometrically dated to approximately 9000 years ago. A weathered bison bone bed with a few examples of articulated segments is present immediately beneath a cultivation layer. In the eastern portion of the site, the bone bed becomes scattered even though the dark palaeosol continues. Results from mechanical soils analysis display intra-site variability in particle size distribution. This points to a number of different processes contributing to the formation of the site. This paper will discuss the use of microscopic analysis of undisturbed soil sections to identify some of the processes that have affected the Heron Eden bone bed. Sampling with tin Kubiena boxes and the use of soil thin sections is also discussed.}, author = {Corbell, Marcel R.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9205, title = {Archaeological Investigations in the Aleutian Islands and History, Ethnology and Anthropology of the Aleut}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {117-120}, editor = {Debra Corbett} } @Conference Paper {10456, title = {Glimpses of the Barrenlands}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {A correlation between discrete human populations and discrete caribou herds has been observed ethnohistorically and proposed archaeologically in the area west of the Mackenzie River and north of Lake Athabasca and the Churchill River. Four major barren-ground caribou herds exist, their wintering area corresponding reasonably well with projected protohistoric Athabascan band distribution before fur trade disruption. J.G.E.Smith has demonstrated Chipewyan/Beverly herd association within the historic period. Archaeologically, all but one of over 80 barrenland Arctic Small Tool tradition(ASTt) sites lie within modern herding areas. Changes within the herding range, specifically the calving grounds, during a prolonged cold period following 1500 B.C., induced ASTT hunters as far south as the Prairie provinces, suggesting herding areas similar to the present in regards to migration path and wintering range. The absence of significant ASTt artifactual materials from surveyed areas between discrete herds plus early historic band/discrete herd correlations suggest that similar analogies may be made for other prehistoric barrenland cultures, specifically Northern Plano, Shield Archaic and prehistoric Athapascan.}, author = {Bryan C. Cordon} } @Conference Paper {10457, title = {The Effect of Grit Temper upon Native Manitoba Clay}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This study was concerned with the effects of grit tempering upon the plasticity, texture, shrinkage and color of native southern Manitoba clay. Tempering material was obtained from friable granite collected from local archaeological sites. Clay tiles were formed with increasing amounts of temper (10\% to 40\%) and fired at a range of temperatures (500-900 degrees C). An inverse relationship was observed between the amont of tempering used and the plasticity, malleability, and possible surface finishes. It was noted that the dried and fired clays showed little difference in shrinkage between tempered and untempered clay. Tempering materials are usually added to reduce shrinkage but too much tempering weakens the clay. Prehistoric pottery of this region is often heavily grit tempered and the percentage of tempering used is higher than necessary for the clay used. Thus grit tempered pottery may reflect a cultural trait rather than a functional trait.}, author = {Corenblum, S.} } @Conference Paper {10458, title = {Pabos r{\'e}interpr{\'e}t{\'e}}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {{\`a} partir de traces t{\'e}nues, de fragiles empreintes dans le sol arch{\'e}ologique et des menus fragments d{\textquoteright}objets d{\'e}couverts, la seigneurie des de Bellefeuille (1730-1758) reprend forme au Centre d{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation du Bourg de Pabos. L,interpr{\'e}tation du site repose sur plusieurs campagnes de fouilles arch{\'e}ologiques et sur des {\'e}tudes historiques men{\'e}es depuis 1980. A l{\textquoteright}origine du concept global de mise en valeur: un ensemble architectural qui se pose en relation directe avec le site arch{\'e}ologique et historique et avec le site naturel. On y communiquera au visiteur non seulement le r{\'e}sultat des {\'e}tudes mais aussi l{\textquoteright}essence du processus de recherche arch{\'e}ologique. On lui fournira des cl{\'e}s pour d{\'e}coder les messages livr{\'e}s par le site lui-m{\^e}me. {\`a} son tour, le visiteur pourra imaginer, r{\'e}interpr{\'e}ter la seigneurie du 18e si{\'e}cle.}, author = {Cormier, Anne and Louise Pothier} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9075, title = {Writing About Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {269-272}, editor = {Danielle Y. Cornacchia} } @Conference Paper {10459, title = {Analysis of Tr{\textquoteright}och{\"e}k and Forty Mile Sites (Yukon) Stone Chip Collections}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The H{\"a}n traditional territory is located in the Middle Yukon River on both sides of the Yukon-Alaska boundary. Our understanding of H{\"a}n pre-contact culture is limited. The diggings at Tr{\textquoteright}och{\"e}k and Forty Mile sites, directed by T.J Hammer between 1998 and 2001, contribute at our knowledge of traditional H{\"a}n culture. These sites are located in the Klondike region and findings reflect the traditional life ways at the fish camps of the H{\"a}n people during the Late Prehistoric/Athapaskan Tradition (1260BP - 1800s) and the contact periods. The first objective of my research is to identify the reduction technologies present on both site Tr{\textquoteright}och{\"e}k and Forty Mile. The second is to determine if the collections support the proposition of Le Blanc, that at the Late Prehistoric/Atapaskan Tradition the shift of stone reduction type result of the diminution of the importance of lithic technology. These objectives are attained by the observation of the complete stone flake collections found during the excavations of Tr{\textquoteright}och{\"e}k and Forty Mile. By observing the stone chip physical characteristic I expect to determine the presence and the importance of the bipolar and/or free hand reduction strategies in the collections. Further, our collections will be compared with the collections from the Rat Indian Creek and, if possible the Klo-Kut sites. These comparisons will provide a reference point to integrate our data into the framework of northwest archaeology. Finally, these comparisons will permit discussion of the importance of lithic technology during the Late Prehistoric/Athapaskan Period.}, author = {Corriveau, Isabelle and HAMMER, T.J.} } @article {9540, title = {Pr{\'e}lude {\`a} l{\textquoteright}agriculture chez les Iroquoiens pr{\'e}historiques du Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {035-044}, abstract = {

The Late Middle Woodland period (A.D. 500-1000) in the Lake Saint-Fran{\c c}ois/Lake Saint-Louis area, west of Montreal, was marked by an apparently new and strategically decisive process of summer sedentarisation. This process had side-effects on many different aspects of the culture. This paper focuses on subsistence behaviour. More than 100,000 culinary bone fragments found in six chronologically different middens have been analyzed. These data give the impression of economic stasis that will be discussed in the second part of the paper.

}, author = {Norman Clermont et Evelyne Cossette} } @Conference Paper {10460, title = {The Exploitation of Deer Among Northern Iroquoians}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {A trend in general opportunism is apparent in most northern Iroquoian faunal assemblages, but these also stress the importance of some specific mammalian and fish species. Faunal profiles indicate that White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was a major prey item in Iroquoian econorny and it is often the most numerous mammalian species identified, but its relative importance might be exaggerated due to preservation factors and recovery methods. Faunal reports comprising analyzed White-tailed deer remains from a variety of sites dating to Late Middle Woodland and Late Woodland periods will be examined and compared in order to trace patterns in deer exploitation in northern Iroquoia. Synchronic differences in the economic importance of deer hunting activities among northern Iroquoian groups as well as possible dia-chronic changes leading towards an apparent intensification of deer exploitation will be assessed.}, author = {Cossette, Evelyne} } @Conference Paper {10461, title = {Laurentian Archaic Animal Exploitation Strategies in the Ottawa River Valley : Morrison Island and Allumettes Island}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Despite little zooarchaeological data available to construct subsistence economies of the Laurentian Archaic populations, most researchers have postulated a twofold seasonal pattern of animal exploitation. Since many of the sites are located near rapids along major waterways, fishing is often considered as the major economic activity carried out during the spring and summer months, whereas hunting and trapping would have been the sole economic pursuit during the coldest months of the year. Paucity of faunal remains in many of the sites has hindered a sound verification of the proposed model, which has not yet been fully validated. Faunal assemblages from the Morrison Island and Allumettes Island sites, located in the Ottawa River Valley, offer an opportunity to look more closely into the question of Laurentian Archaic animal exploitation and subsistence economies. Zooarcchaeological evidence gathered so far points to an opportunistic broad-based subsistence strategy as well as a suite of seasonally focused animal exploitation behaviors.}, author = {Cossette, Evelyne} } @Conference Paper {10462, title = {Prehistoric Exchange Networks and Asbestos Tempered Ceramics in Northern Fennoscandia}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Interpretations of the distribution of asbestos tempered ceramics have always been one of the major building blocks used in models of Finnish prehistory. In the mid-1980{\textquoteright}s, attempts were made to identify the sources of the asbestos used in this widespread industry. I will briefly review those attempts, discussing their potential and identifying their methodoligical difficulties. I will then outline my ongoing project for sourcing of asbestos used as temper in prehistoric Finnish ceramics.}, author = {Andr{\'e} Costopoulos} } @article {9541, title = {Sur les approches {\`a} la complexit{\'e} sociale chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs pr{\'e}historiques: particularisme, g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisme et m{\'e}thode comparative}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {153-164}, abstract = {

A review of recent work on social complexity among prehistoric hunter-gatherers reveals tension between particularist and generalist approaches in archaeology. We identify two major divisions in approaches to complex hunter-gatherers: those that describe complexity vs. those that define it, and those that trace the origin of complexity to the emergence of inequality vs. those that trace it to the emergence of specialization. Authors who take a definitional approach to complexity tend to emphasize specialization and general law-like processes, while those that take a descriptive approach tend to emphasize inequality and historical context. Interestingly, there is a near absence of theorists who seek to define complexity while emphasizing inequality or of theorists who tend to describe complexity while emphasizing specialization. We note that both descriptive-particularist and definitional-generalist approaches play an important role in the eventual solution of the problem of the origin of social complexity, one of the most theoretically difficult and important problems facing archaeology and anthropology in general.

}, author = {Andr{\'e} Costopoulos and Samuel Vaneeckhout} } @Conference Paper {10464, title = {Ceramics and Chronology of the Late Prehistoric Period: the Abitibi-Temiscamingue Case}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Since more than 10 years, the Abitibi-Temiscamingue region in Quebec has benefited from a well structured archaeological research programme. Among various discoveries, the notable presence of ceramic remains in a boreal context has been intruiging since the beginning of our researches. In effect, the discovery of this medium in important numbers, associated with other categories of archaeological remains, allows a refinement of the occupational chronology during the Late Prehistoric period of the region, and informs us quite precisely about the cultural affinities and the circulation direction of goods and ideas in the interaction networks. In this presentation, we will examine two phenomenas that we observed among some ceramic collections. It seems that the Algonquians living in the Abitibi-Temiscamingue region have, on two occasions, abandonned a ceramic tradition to adopt an other one which most likely came from outside the region. And this happened in a very short period of time. We suggest some working hypothesis to explain those facts.}, author = {C{\^o}t{\'e}, Marc and Leila Inksetter} } @Conference Paper {10463, title = {Pr{\'e}histoire des Am{\'e}rindiens de lAbitibi- T{\'e}miscamingue}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Notre connaissance de l{\textquoteright}histoire des Algonquins avant l{\textquoteright}arriv{\'e}e des Blancs est embryonnaire. La situation g{\'e}ographique des Algonquins de l{\textquoteright}AbitibiT{\'e}miscamingue (ou, comme ils se nomment eux-m{\^e}mes, les Anicinabek), les a tenus {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}cart des courants traditionnels de la recherche. Cette derni{\'e}re s{\textquoteright}est plut{\^o}t tourn{\'e}e vers les nations plus proches des grands centres ou plus pr{\'e}s de l{\textquoteright}actualit{\'e} politique et {\'e}conomique comme les Cris, les Montagnais ou les Mohawks. La Corporation Arch{\'e}o-08 m{\'e}ne en Abitibi-T{\'e}miscamingue des recherches arch{\'e}ologiques qui soul{\'e}vent un peu le voile sur ce qu{\textquoteright}est la chronologie des occupations, l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution du mode de vie, de la culture mat{\'e}rielle, les alliances politiques et les r{\'e}seaux {\'e}conomiques des groupes culturels qui ont occup{\'e} le territoire traditionnel des Algonquins Abitibinnik Binnabayanik ou Timiscamiginik. Cette communication survole les r{\'e}sultats de recherches qu{\textquoteright}Arch{\'e}o-08 a obtenus depuis six ans.}, author = {C{\^o}t{\'e}, Marc} } @Conference Paper {10470, title = {Prehistoric Subsistence and Seasonality at the McNichol Creek Site, Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Analysis of faunal remains; has led to a reconstruction of subsistence economy and seasons of occupation at the McNichol Creek site, a 1500 year-old village in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia. Results support sorne existing ideas about prehistoric economy in the area, but conflict with others. Subsistence was based mainly on stored salmon, supplemented by shellfish, deer, and herring. Local environments in close proximity to the site were intensively exploited, but important resources from more distant locations, such as sea mammals and eulachon, were apparently not used. Seasonality analysis of shellfish confirms winter occupation, but also indicates an extended occupation of the site into early summer. The particular aspects of the subsistence and seulement pattern at McNichol Creek may be the result of lirnited or denied access to certain key resources, and may not be typical of contemporaneous village sites in the harbour area.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Craig Bissell and Sarah King} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9280, title = {Huu7ii: Household Archaeology at a Nuu-chah-nulth Village Site in Barkley Sound}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {340-344}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10474, title = {Resource Ownership, Political Control: Evidence from the Boardwalk Site on the Northern Northwest Coast}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Of the many deep midden, village sites at Prince Rupert harbour on the northern Northwest Coast, the Boardwalk site is special. Boardwalk is much larger than other recorded village sites in the region, has a deeper history of occupation, and its occupants, at least in the later period, appear to have exercised regional control of key subsistence resources. In addition, Boardwalk has yielded to excavation many more artifacts symbolic of wealth and high social status than other Prince Rupert area sites. In this paper, we present evidence from recent excavations at Boardwalk related to the control of subsistence resources, in particular sea mammals. The implications of this resource control in terms of social and political organization are also discussed.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Kathlyn Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9078, title = {The Archaeology of Rank (P.K. Wason) and Mortuary Variability and Status Differentiation on the Columbia-Fraser Plateau}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {154-159}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @article {9544, title = {The Point Grey Site: a Marpole Spring Village Component}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {073-096}, abstract = {

The complex hunter-gatherers of the Northwest Coast of North America were renowned for their permanent village way of life. Many groups maintained winter villages and summer-fall villages, the latter associated with intensive salmon production. Settlement patterns in spring were quite varied. Some groups were dispersed and mobile, while others maintained a village way of life based on intensive production of critical spring resources. The Point Grey site is interpreted as a spring village component of the Marpole culture at which herring was the key resource produced. Technological, faunal and human skeletal evidence are presented to support this inference of site seasonality and function.

}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10469, title = {Preliminary Analysis of Socioeconomic Organization at the McNichol Creek Site, British Columbia}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of three seasons of fieldwork at the McNichol Creek site, a 1600 year old village in Prince Rupert harbour, British Columbia. Material remains recovered from within and outside house features are compared to delineate spatial organization of socioeconomic activities within the village. Space within houses was used primarily for domestic activities. But in at least one house, ceremonial activities may have been conducted, which suggests possible status differences among the households. External space appears to have been divided between processing and manufacturing areas (front midden) and refuse disposal areas (back midden). Human burials were identified in both external contexts.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Roger COLTEN and Rebecca CASE} } @Conference Paper {10473, title = {Preliminary Investigation of a Regional Economy: Augering Village Middens at Prince Rupert Harbour}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The regional economy of the Prince Rupert harbour area at ca. 1500 BP involved numerous resident local groups. How was this economy organized? Our preliminary analysis explores the degree of specialization in the subsistence economy of these local groups by comparing faunal remains from auger samples from four village sites in the region. Despite close contact with each other and mutual participation within a system of social ranking, these groups appear to have maintained considerable autonomy in subsistence activities.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Kathlyn Stewart and Donna Naughton} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9900, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9064, title = {Archaeology of Coastal British Columbia: Essays in Honour of Professor Philip M. Hobler}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {154-157}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @article {9543, title = {Household Variability and Status Differentiation at Kitselas Canyon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {039-056}, abstract = {

The archaeological investigation of households has much to offer the study of prehistoric social organization. This paper compares dwelling data from one prehistoric site and two historic Tsimshian sites at Kitselas Canyon, British Columbia. It is argued that dwelling size is directly related to household size. The historic sites show a pattern of variability in dwelling size and construction that is consistent with the ethnographic Tsimshian model of ranked corporate groups. The prehistoric site, dated to circa 3000 BP, is characterized by homogeneity in dwelling size and construction. This is consistent with an egalitarian social structure.

}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10468, title = {DOES RESOURCE ABUNDANCE EXPLAIN LOCAL GROUP RANK AMONG THE TSIMSHIAN?}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Tsimshian local groups of the late 18th and 19th centuries owned resource territories and were ranked relative to each other in terms of social preference. This paper explores factors underlying local group rank. We find low, and even negative, correlations among local group rank, population size, and resource abundance, measured in terms of salmon escapement. During the period in question, local group rank was dynamic and mutable, while local group territories and resource abundance were largely static. Evidence indicates that warfare and trade explain the structure of Tsimshian local group rank rather than resource abundance and population.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Andrew Martindale and MARSDEN, Susan} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9901, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {11795, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @article {11796, title = {Introduction: 50 Down}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {001-003}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9899, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {v-vi}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10472, title = {Mountains, Mists, and Middens: 25 Years of Archaeology on Canada{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}s West Coast}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The last 25 years have witnessed important developments in three key areas of archaeology on the west coast. Our understanding of the human history of the region has been advanced by research into well established topics such as early human settlement, and new topics related to the study of complex hunter-gatherers. Our way of looking at the archaeological record has been transformed by the unprecedented rise of cultural resource management during this period. And our priorities have been re-set by the increasing collaboration between archaeologists and First Nations, a collaboration that reminds us that west coast archaeology is a partnership. This paper examines developments in each of these areas over the last 25 years, and suggests some new directions for the new millenium.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Banahan, Joan and T. J. Hall} } @article {9542, title = {Prehistoric Subsistence and Seasonality at Prince Rupert Harbour: Evidence from the McNichol Creek Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {059-073}, abstract = {

Analysis of faunal remains from the McNichol Creek site, a 1600 year old village in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, indicates that subsistence was mainly based on stored salmon, supplemented by local resources including shellfish, deer, and herring. Important resources from more distant sources, such as sea mammals and eulachon, were apparently not used. Seasonal occupation was from winter to early summer. This subsistence/settlement pattern, which differs somewhat from the historic Tsimshian model, may be the result of limited or denied access to certain key resources, and may not be typical of larger contemporaneous village sites in the harbour area.

}, author = {Gary Coupland and Craig Bissell and Sarah King} } @Conference Paper {10467, title = {Social Complexity in the Fraser Valley: Evidence from the Scowlitz Site}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Results of recent archaeological investigations at the Scowlitz site in the Fraser Valley of Southwestern British Columbia are reported. Strategically located at the confluence of the Harrison and Fraser Rivers, the site appears to have been a centre of status and power in prehistory. Over 30 burial mounds have been recorded, with associated dates from two ranging between 1500 and 500 B.P. Variability in size, structure, and contents of these mounds suggest a complex status hierarchy. We offer two reasons for the emergence of social complexity at Scowlitz: (1) the site is located at the control point of a major salmon fishery; (2) Scowlitz may have been a gateway community for trade between coastal and interior group.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Michael BLAKE and Brian Thom} } @Conference Paper {10476, title = {Hierarchy and Communalism: Tensions of Domestic Space in Northwest Coast Household Archaeology}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Ranks societies, such as those of the Northwest Coast, grapple with an inherent tension in social structure grapple with an inherent tension between hierarchy and communalism. This paper examines the ways in which domestic space, in particular vernacular architecture, was used on the Northwest Coast to resolve this tension. Northwest Coast houses reinforced social principles of rank by assigning family spaces according to title within dwellings, while simultaneously supporting household incorporation through the use of central communal spaces.}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9080, title = {Salmon and Storage: Southern Tutchone Use of an "Abundant" Resource}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {150-152}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10471, title = {Do You Never Get Tired of Salmon? Evidence for Extreme Subsistence Specialization at Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Faunal evidence from five middle to late period prehistoric village sites at Prince Rupert harbour, British Columbia, reveals an extremely high level of dependence on one food resource, salmon. At some of these sites, it appears that little else in the way of vertebrate fauna was consumed. Comparisons with faunal data from other parts of the Northwest Coast show that the Prince Rupert villagers were unusual in this regard. The reason for this extreme subsistence specialization cannot be absence of other vertebrate fauna. Rather, a cultural explanation is suggested.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Kathlyn Stewart} } @Conference Paper {10466, title = {Changing House and Household Form during the Late Prehistoric Period on the Northern Northwest Coast / La transformation des habitations et de la comm}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeological evidence from two village sites in the Prince Rupert lower Skeena River area, the McNichol Creek site and the Clay Creek site, reveals significant increases in house size, as well as changes in construction technique, during the last 1500 years. Correlated with this increase in house size are changes in household form. Clearly, northern Northwest Coast households became larger and more complexly organized after 1500 BP, a period when many archaeologists argue that the ethnographic cultural pattern had become firmly established. We explore some of the implications of these changes in household organization.}, author = {Gary Coupland and Andrew Martindale} } @Conference Paper {10475, title = {Pourquoi les arch{\'e}ologues ne peuvent-ils s{\textquoteright}entendre sur les origines de la soci{\'e}t{\'e} hi{\'e}rarchique de la c{\^o}te Nor}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {11123, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gary Coupland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9079, title = {Senewelets: Culture History of the Nanaimo Coast Salish and the False Narrows Midden}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {253-256}, editor = {Gary Coupland} } @Conference Paper {10478, title = {Can mineralogy tell us about inequality? X-ray diffraction as an archaeological tool}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Current research at the Chalcolithic site of Tel Tsaf, Israel is focused on identifying the emergence of economic inequality. My PhD project employs a number of geology and geochemistry procedures. This paper is focused on the potential of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) in archaeological contexts. This technique is being used at Tel Tsaf to identify the mineralogy of wall and floor plaster, as well as mudbrick. It is hoped that comparing and contrasting composition can demonstrate variation in floor construction and quality of plaster. In addition, the composition of mud-bricks used to construct various architectural forms may indicate whether all the bricks were constructed using the same material and technique, or if there is variation in quality and composition of material across structures. These results may indicate either variation in use of space or an unequal access to resources.}, author = {Court, Emily M.} } @Conference Paper {10477, title = {From the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age: The Ceramic Sequence of Tell Rakan, Jordan}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Excavations at Tell Rakan (WZ120) in Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan have revealed a stratified sequence of Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age remains. This level of occupational continuity is rare in the Levant and Tell Rakan offers an important opportunity to study the ceramic development at a single site. Evidence suggests that Tell Rakan was occupied for the duration of the Chalcolithic, offering an excellent opportunity to identify the transition into and out of the period. Our analysis of the ceramic sequence addresses developments from the Neolithic, through these transitions, into the Early Bronze Age. In addition, we address how the sequence relates to finds from other sites in the region. The significance of the pottery sequence and occupational continuity of Tell Rakan is discussed at both the local and regional level.}, author = {Court, Emily M. and Dana Campbell} } @Conference Paper {10479, title = {Archaeological Research on the Grand Falls Drainage, Eastern Maine}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Archaeological research on the Grand Falls drainage (west branch of the St. Croix) during the past decade has revealed a record of prehistoric settlement extending frorn Paleo-Indian to the historic period. We review the archaeological evidence, with particular attention to the Ceramic period. During the Ceramic Period evidence from artifact morphology and lithic materials suggests extensive contact with the Maritimes.}, author = {Cox, Steven} } @Conference Paper {10481, title = {The Pre-Dorset - Dorset Transition in Labrador}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The terminal Pre-Dorset period in Labrador (ca. 3200{\textendash}2500 B.P.) saw the end of a long period of cultural stability and a relatively rapid cultural transformation to the Dorset-like Groswater Phase. A number of paleoeskimo sites dating to within this period have been investigated, permitting a view of this transformation with a resolution of approximately one century intervals. The evidence indicates an in situ cultural evolution, probably influenced by external ideas. On the other hand, the appearance of classic Dorset at ca. 2500 B.P. (termed the Early Dorset phase in Labrador), appears to represent the arrival of a new population, and the ultimate fate of the Groswater Dorset inhabitants of northern Labrador remains unclear.}, author = {Cox, Steven L.} } @Conference Paper {10480, title = {Cultural Stability and Change During the Pre-Dorset Period in Labrador}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Site Nuasomak-2 is located on Nuasomak Island in the Okak region of the north-central Labrador coast. The site contains a minimum of 39 Pre-Dorset structures, mostly tent rings, on a series of raised beach terraces. Investigation of the site in 1987 indicated that Pre-Dorset occupation of the island had been nearly continuous from about 4000 B.P. to about 2500 B.P. The evidence suggests a long period of cultural stability, with little change in lithic technology, lasting to about 3000 B.P., at which time there was rapid change to a Dorset-like cultural form.}, author = {Cox, Steven L.} } @Conference Paper {10482, title = {Plant and Human Relationships in early Jomon Hokkaido}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Interpretation of plant remains analyzed to date from the Yagi site in southwestern Hokkaido document the hitherto unknown early Early Jomon plant-related subsistence ecology. Initial and late Early Jomon components at Yagi also exist and samples from these deposits are compared with Initial Jomon Hakodate Airport site and late Early Jomon Hamanasuno site plant remains. Barnyard grass, a millet, which becomes common in samples by 4000 BP in the area and which seems to have undergone some change from 5000 to 4000 BP, is a rare part of the Yagi plant remains assemblage. Nut remains, common at the Initial Jomon Hakodate Airport site, but rarely found in samples dating from the following two millenia, are in abundance in some components at Yagi, but not others. Preliminary thoughts on integrating the plant remains data with local palynological data, as well as with a catchment study, are presented.}, author = {Crawford, G.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9081, title = {The Emergence of Agriculture: A Global View}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {264-268}, editor = {Gary Crawford} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9347, title = {The Beckstead Site 1977}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {175-176}, editor = {Gary W. Crawford} } @Conference Paper {10483, title = {From Pattern to Performance: The Social Logic of Prehistoric Iroquoian Domestic Space}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The prehistoric Iroquoian longhouse is explored from the perspective of sociological performance. It is argued that the everyday practices of domestic life constituted an ongoing discourse in which tensions between social atoms and wholes were negotiated. The habitual behaviours that occurred within the longhouse exhibit an enduring concern for balance and symmetry between spaces identified with autonomous but allied social units. Moreover, the special emphasis on these principals, exemplified by post-cluster features associated with the house medial line, suggests that this liminal space was the focus of heightened ritualization in the 14th and 15th centuries, perhaps in response to scalar stress.}, author = {Creese, John} } @article {9545, title = {Rethinking Early Village Development in Southern Ontario: Toward a History of Place-Making}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {185-218}, abstract = {

The emergence of Iroquoian village societies in southern Ontario, Canada, was connected to the intensification of horticulture, residential sedentarization, and pronounced regional demographic growth. This paper critically evaluates longstanding archaeological debates about the nature and consequences of the early development of Northern Iroquoian village communities in southern Ontario. I argue that an adequate understanding of these developments depends on moving past debates over ethno-linguistic origins and degrees of sedentism, and toward a perspective that carefully traces people\’s changing material engagements with their natural and built environments. This review suggests that Early Iroquoian villages were united by new kinds of generative entanglements with built space that can be understood as \“place-making\” practices. Early village place-making involved the architectural and ritual definition of enduring social groups\—households and village communities\—even as they maintained significant seasonal and logistic mobility across the landscape.

}, author = {John L. Creese} } @article {11802, title = {Place-making in Canadian Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {046-056}, author = {John L. Creese} } @Conference Paper {10484, title = {Marketing the History of the Mundane}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For more than a decade Louisbourg has worked to expand the audience for it{\textquoteright}s Archaeological Collection of 5.5 million artefacts. It is an accessible collection situated in a scenic tourist town-population one thousand people. It is a large and rich collection with limited on-site exhibit space. While we have expanded traditional uses such as exhibition loans to outside museums, the most productive initiative has been in non-traditional venues in particular with the arts community.}, author = {Cr{\'e}peau, Andr{\'e}e} } @Conference Paper {10485, title = {Iron: Why Radiocarbon Dating Doesn{\textquoteright}t Always work}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The history of iron is the story of the continuous endeavour of metallurgists to attain a practical mastery over the carbon content of the iron, without knowing that it contained any carbon, or what the effects of carbon are... . Thus, the words of T.T. Read (1934) remind us that in addition to the usual fuels, charcoal and coal, such carbonaceous materials as dogs{\textquoteright} blood, pigeons{\textquoteright} droppings, rice husks and humans have all been used in the manufacture of iron implements, while the mixing of irons of different types and/or sources has also been a common practice. A detailed knowledge of an artifact{\textquoteright}s metallurgical history is therefore a pre-requisite for obtaining a meaningful date. Fortunately, this is commonly available, and careful metallography can often give strong clues into the artifact{\textquoteright}s mode of manufacture, and hence reliability of the date obtained. A number of iron artifacts have been analyzed, many of which give dates consistent with their metallurgical/historical context: a few, however, have yielded misleading dates. Some of these can be resolved by metallographic inspection, chemical analyses or knowledge of the metallurgical context of the site. In addition, the small sample size ({\textsterling}5g.) capability of accelerator radiocarbon dating permits multiple analyses in some cases that can further help elucidate the history of an artifact. In other cases, inconclusive results are obtained. Examples of samples analyzed at the Isotrace Laboratory will illustrate these capabilities and limitations.}, author = {Cresswell, Richard G.} } @Conference Paper {10486, title = {A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON HISTORIC BEOTHUCK ANIMAL USAGE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {This paper presents another example of the importance of returning to the primary source when doing ethnohistoric research. Almost all our information regarding the historic Beothuck is derived from European records of Beothuck behaviour and material culture. The only surviving evidence of a Beothuck individual directly representing their own culture is the set of drawings by Shanawdithit, the last known Beothuck Indian. Examination of the original drawings, part of the Newfoundland Provincial Museum{\textquoteright}s permanent collection, revealed that some of the original details have been altered or are completely missing from the most well known versions illustrated in James P. Howley{\textquoteright}s 1915 classic, The Beothucks or Red Indians: The Aboriginal Inhabitants of Newfoundland. In fact it is apparent that the original drawings with their accompanying explanatory notes (as transcribed by W.E. Cormack from conversations with Shanawdithit) were not available to Howley. These differences in the drawings and notes are presented, with a focus on the new information and suggested interpretation regarding historic Beothuck animal usage.}, author = {Cridland, Jennifer} } @Conference Paper {10488, title = {Gore Vale Preliminary Findings}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Gore Vale was an 1820 brick house situated in the area of modern day Trinity Bellwoods Park, Toronto. Initially owned by Duncan Cameron, it later was home to the influential Bickford family, and afterwards was used as an Institute for recovering alcoholics, a dormitory, a veterans{\textquoteright} psychiatric hospital, and finally a Boy{\textquoteright}s Club, before being demolished in 1928. A multi-year project, begun in 1990, includes the excavation and mapping of the remaining foundations, an analysis of artifacts relevant to the material history of the city, and a multi-faceted study of the bricks used in the initial construction and later renovations.}, author = {Crocker, Rod} } @Conference Paper {10487, title = {THE TORONTO MATERIAL-HISTORY DATABASE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Archaeological Resource Centre of the Toronto Board of Education has recently begun compiling a material-history database for the City of Toronto. The inception, process and preliminary results of the database will be presented and discussed. The information it contains relates to the introduction and impact of technological advances on urban life in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The database is computerized and essentially open-ended. It is correlated with the database system used for analyzing artifacts at the Archaeological Resource Centre, and is intended to provide a social-historical context for artifact interpretation of sites within Toronto. Use of the database addresses several problems associated with the investigation of historic urban, domestic and small-commercial sites.}, author = {Crocker, Rodney and Blaubergs, Ellen} } @Conference Paper {10491, title = {Analysis of Ancient mtDNA from Indigenous North American Dogs}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {We present here an analysis of molecular genetic data for indigenous North American dogs consisting of 300 BP sequences of mitochondrial DNA from the D-loop of 3 extinct breeds: the Salish wool dog, the Northwest Coast {\textquoteright}village{\textquoteright} or hunting dog, and the Tahltan bear dog. This indigenous dog DNA was compared to 718 BP sections of the D-loop from 4 wolf subspecies, red fox, coyote, and 11 breeds of contemporary (modern) dogs also sequenced for this study. Our canid dataset was combined with somewhat longer D-loop sequences of dogs and wolves from two recently published studies. Parsimony analysis of this expanded dataset identified only three major (well-supported) groups: fox, coyote and dog/wolf. A few groupings within the dog/wolf clade were discernible but poorly supported. We conclude that it is not possible to distinguish between breeds of dogs, or even between dogs and wolves, using mtDNA D-loop sequences. Several explanations are offered for these results, the most significant of which is that extensive introgression of dog mtDNA into wolf populations, due to both modern and past asymmetric hybridization events, may account for the similarities in DNA sequences.}, author = {CROCKFORD, S.J. and A. BYUN and U. RINK and M. BURBIDGE and B.F. KOOP} } @Conference Paper {10490, title = {Genetic and osteometric characterization of the Tahltan Bear Dog}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Tahltan Bear dog was an indigenous breed kept by the Tahltan First Nation of northwestern British Columbia. This small black and white dog was used to track and hold at bay the black and grizzly bears hunted by their Tahltan masters. The Tahltan Bear dog was designated a distinct breed by the Canadian Kennel Club in 1942 and forty years later, officially declared extinct. As part of a larger study to examine the genetic relationships of Northwest coast aboriginal dogs to modern dogs and wolves, several specimens of Tahltan Bear Dog skins archived at the Royal B.C. Museum in Victoria were sampled. All specimens were collected around the 1940{\textquoteright}s and include skins as well as some skeletal remains. mtDNA analysis indicate these animals were indeed aboriginal dogs, although (as for all other breeds), no exclusively Tahltan genetic signature was detected. Osteometric analysis indicates the Tahltan was smaller than other aboriginal North American dogs, perhaps smaller than any other unimproved dog types anywhere. The data presented here adds significantly to the total body of knowledge regarding this breed, which until now encompassed only ethnographic descriptions and a few photographs from the 1900{\textquoteright}s. Since no archaeological remains of this animal have yet been found, there has been no way to document its history before the mid 1800{\textquoteright}s. Should any remains be found in the future, however, these data will be indispensable.}, author = {Crockford, Susan} } @article {9547, title = {The Cape Flattery Fur Seal: An Extinct Species of Callorhinus in the Eastern North Pacific?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {152-174}, abstract = {

Fur seal skeletal remains have been found in many archaeological sites on the central Northwest Coast. Although these sites lie adjacent to the annual spring migration route of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) as they head north to the Bering Sea, evidence is mounting that the archaeological remains came from a non-migratory population. Although this is not a novel suggestion, new developments have dictated another look at the issue. Measurements of modern rookery-aged juveniles compared to archaeological fur seal remains from western Vancouver Island verify that un-weaned pups were harvested, while a virtually unknown historical document describes distinct differences in behaviour and pelage between the fur seals of Cape Flattery and C. ursinus. Although we suspect the former might have been a distinct species and deserves a full-scale taxonomic investigation, the evidence provided here nevertheless demonstrates conclusively that a locally-breeding, non-migratory population of fur seal was once well-established on the central Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Susan J. Crockford and S. Gay Frederick and and Rebecca J. Wigen} } @Conference Paper {10489, title = {Neoglacial Sea-Ice Expansion Pushed Fur Seals South and Inuit North: Evidence from Archaeozoological Analysis of a Site in the Eastern Aleutians}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Neoglacial was a period of cold climate that lasted from ca. 4700 to 2500 BP. We present evidence that the Neoglacial substantially altered the distribution of Bering Sea marine mammals, using faunal remains recovered from the Amaknak Bridge site on Unalaska Island (occupied ca. 3,500 - 2,500 RCYBP, uncorrected). Archaeozoological analysis indicates that spring pack ice reached a more southerly position during the Neoglacial than it does today and persisted much longer. We infer from this evidence that sea-ice must also have engulfed the Pribilof Islands until early summer and blocked the Bering Strait virtually year round, preventing fur seals from using the Pribilofs as a breeding rookery and whales from making summer migrations into the arctic, as they do today. We suggest Neoglacial sea-ice expansion in the Bering Sea pushed fur seals south along the Northwest Coast and explains the timing of Inuit arrival into the Western Arctic.}, author = {Susan J. Crockford and S. Gay Frederick} } @article {9546, title = {Forensic Reconstruction of Prehistoric Dogs from the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {149-153}, abstract = {

Manual forensic reconstruction techniques are applied to prehistoric dog skeletal remains recovered from the Northwest Coast of North America. These modern sketches finally \&$\#$39;bring to life\&$\#$39; the two extinct breeds of indigenous dogs that were once valued companions of west coast First Nations people.

}, author = {Susan J. Crockford and Cameron J. Pye} } @Conference Paper {10492, title = {Northwest Coast Wet Sites: Perishables Revealing Patterns of Resource Procurement, Storage, Management and Exchange}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {When approaching Northwest Coast archaeological data, Don Mitchell{\textquoteright}s work often reflects a keen interest in function. As a data base directly applicable to this interest, prehistoric wet (waterlogged) sites have revealed important information concerning the early technologies used in Northwest Coast wild food procurement, storage, management and exchange. Composite wood and fiber harpoons, arrows, atlatls, fishhooks, traps/weirs, pack-baskets, and digging sticks directly reveal past procurement strategies. Functional varieties of storage baskets and wooden boxes can reflect the significance of past food storage practices on the Northwest Coast. Social stratification ethnohistorically promoted management of both the procurement and storage of resources in a community, and prehistoric stratification may be evidenced by the types of textile hats worn by past property owners and managers{\textendash}nobility versus commoners. And exchange through trade can be proposed by the sensitive style of {\textquoteright}foreign{\textquoteright} basketry found in wet site contexts.}, author = {Dale R. Croes} } @article {9548, title = {Lachane Basketry and Cordage: a Technical, Functional and Comparative Study}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {165-205}, abstract = {

Prehistoric basketry and cordage recovered from the Lachane site provide entirely new information concerning the prehistory of the northern Northwest Coast. These materials are analyzed for comparison at the level of attribute (mode), class (type) and functional category. Lachane basketry is compared to historic Tsimshian, Haida, and Tlingit basketry using different cluster analysis tests and the results clearly indicate a close degree of similarity between prehistoric Lachane and historic Tsimshian basketry. Since Lachane is in the heart of historic Tsimshian territory, these data support a model of Tsimshian cultural continuity. The Lachane cordage analysis demonstrates an emphasis on multi-strand, cedar bark, twisted cords. This is most similar to the cordage technology from the other northern wet site, Axeti, and in contrast to southern Northwest Coast wet site cordage technologies. This may indicate a northern vs. southern style of ropemaking. Both the Lachane basketry and cordage analyses demonstrate the sensitivity of these kinds of artifacts for prehistoric research on the Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Dale R. Croes} } @Conference Paper {10493, title = {Continuity and Change on the Northwest Coast: Insights from Cladistic Analyses of Perishable and Non-Perishable Artifacts}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {It is clear from wet site archaeological research and from ethnographic collections that artifacts made of wood and fiber regularly comprised over 90\% of the material culture of the populations in the Pacific Northwest prior to contact. Yet, because wood and fiber artifacts do not usually preserve well, they have not featured prominently in the efforts of archaeologists to shed light on the ancient history of human settlement in the Pacific Northwest. Rather, archaeologists working in the region have relied heavily on stone, bone-antler and shell artifacts to generate their cultural historical hypotheses. In the study reported here we used cladistic tree-building methods from evolutionary biology to investigate whether the evolution of basketry artifacts mirrors that of non-perishable artifacts. Significantly, the tree derived from the stone, bone-antler and shell data differs from the trees derived from the basketry data. The former cluster sites by traditional phase time periods, whereas the latter cluster sites geographically. This suggests that there was a difference in the transmission of information regarding the manufacture and use of the two groups of artifacts. Ideas pertaining to the artifacts made of stone, bone-antler and shell seem to have been shared widely, whereas ideas associated with the artifacts made of basketry were not. There are several possible explanations for this difference, but ethnographic evidence suggests that it is probably primarily a result of the basketry artifacts playing a role in ethnic identity signaling in a way that the stone, bone-antler and shell artifacts did not.}, author = {Croes, Dale and Mark Collard and Katherine M. Kelly} } @Conference Paper {10494, title = {The Death and Life of Site Catchment Analysis}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Site catchment analysis was originally introduced in archaeology as a scale of analysis suitable for studying site location patterns. Its utility in this role has been overlooked by many modern archaeologists largely because of its links with environmental determinism. Until its introduction, archaeologists interested in site location often classified sites by the environmental zone in which they were located. The study of site catchment increased the scale and level of detail available, and created a standardised format for analysis. The significance of this innovation is often overshadowed by the research questions to which it has been linked. In this paper I look at the modifications necessary to make site catchment analysis a useful tool for current archaeology.}, author = {Cross, Sarah} } @Conference Paper {10495, title = {Importance du contexte et de l{\textquoteright}analyse dans la r{\'e}cup{\'e}ration des restes humains}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Christian Crowder} } @Conference Paper {10496, title = {Whose Culture, Whose Artifacts? Towards Co-management of the Past}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Abstract Unavailable}, author = {CROWSHOE, Reg and Jack Brink} } @Conference Paper {10497, title = {Red Metal: Copper Use in the Middle Archaic}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Old Copper Complex is generally defined as a set of discrete Middle Archaic (5000 to 3000 BP) cultures found throughout the Great Lakes region. The heartland (represented by greatest artifact density) is located in eastern Wisconsin. The primary diagnostic trait of these cultures is the use of native copper fashioned into large, heavy implements that include woodworking, hunting, fishing and food-processing tool forms. Whether their users perceived the copper tools as principally prestige or practical objects is unknown. This paper will utilize replication and experimentation in an attempt to resolve this archaeological puzzle. By determining the differences in the costs of copper tools versus stone equivalents in the areas of resource procurement, manufacturing, use and resharpening/reuse as compared to the relative benefits in terms of time and energy (efficiency), it will be possible to shed some light on whether the copper tools were used in a practical or prestige sphere. This experiment will also generate information concerning optimal parameters of efficient tool use.}, author = {Crucefix, Lanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9147, title = {Global Archaeological Theory: Contextual Voices and Contemporary Thoughts}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {111-114}, editor = {Andrea M. Cu{\'e}llar} } @Conference Paper {10502, title = {Use Wear Analysis of Pre-Mazama Lithics from Banff National Park}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Use wear studies are now becoming an important part of the archaeological analysis of stone tools. By using pre-Mazarna lithic materials from three sites within Banff National Park, this paper will demonstrate the application of models in depicting use wear traces, present the study{\textquoteright}s findings and its implication on present interpretation of tool usage, and argue for the incorporation of both low and high power techniques in practical lithic studies.}, author = {CUNNINGHAM, Jeremy J.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9083, title = {The Archaeology of Identities: A Reader}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {254-257}, editor = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @Conference Paper {10501, title = {Ethnicity and the Question of Holism: A Case Study from the Younge - Glen Meyer Border in S.W. Ontario}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaeologists have tended to assume that {\textquoteright}cultures{\textquoteright} are holistic: they form homogeneous, bounded and totalizable social entities. These entities are identified archaeologically through {\textquoteright}stylistic{\textquoteright} patterns that indicate shared learning, information exchange or symbolic manipulation. In this case study, I exam the degree that holism can be identified along the Younge Phase - Western Basin and Glen Meyer {\textquoteright}Iroquoian{\textquoteright} boundary through an analysis of ceramics from the Van Bree site. Ceramic material from feature clusters identified at Van Bree not only suggests that a distinct ethnic boundary exists between Younge and Glen Meyer people, but also that Glen Meyer and Younge are each different in their degree of holism.}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @article {9549, title = {Ceramic Variation and Ethnic Holism: A Case Study from the "Younge-Early Ontario Iroquoian Border" in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {001-027}, abstract = {

Archaeologists have tended to assume that ethnic groups\&$\#$39; are holistic; that they form homogeneous, coherent, and discrete social entities. In Ontario, ethnic entities are identified archaeologically through decorative patterns that indicate ethnic affiliation. In this case study, I examine the degree that holism can be identified along the hypothesized \&$\#$39;Younge phase Western Basin-Early Ontario Iroquoian\&$\#$39; boundary through an analysis of ceramics from the Van Bree site. While ceramic material from Van Bree indicates that a distinct ethnic border probably separated the producers of Younge and Early Ontario \&$\#$39;Iroquois\&$\#$39; ceramics, it also suggests that these groups did not form holistic social entities that used decorative variation to symbolize their respective ethnic identities.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @Conference Paper {10500, title = {Les arch{\'e}ologues canadiens sont-ils mal form{\'e}s? Caract{\'e}risation de l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie {\`a} McGill}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @Conference Paper {10499, title = {Going Vertical: Linking Broad and Low Level Theory in Canadian Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The critical turn in the social sciences has forced archaeologists to reflect on the theoretical structures they use to interpret the archaeological record. In this paper, I argue that archaeologists need to focus more attention on vertical linkages {\textendash} on the relationships between the high and low level theoretical concepts they use. Through two examples, I demonstrate how untangling these connections can aid on-the-ground research in Canada and allow Canadian archaeologists to contribute more fully to global theoretical debates. First, I will show how Woodland sites from Ontario can be used to address the style debate. Second, I will suggest that last years CAA session, Who{\textquoteright}s Asking the Questions? New Directions and Uses for Canadian Archaeology {\textendash} Part I, demonstrates both the importance and the limits of the postprocessual critique.}, author = {Cunningham, Jerimy} } @Conference Paper {10498, title = {Cautionary Tales to Cultural Translations}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In this paper, I suggest that many of the challenges faced by emerging indigenous archaeologies parallel those encountered by ethnoarchaeology. Archaeology once eagerly anticipated the new perspectives that it assumed ethnoarchaeology would bring to archaeological interpretation. However, as ethnographic knowledge increasingly challenged many of the core tropes of archaeology{\textquoteright}s conceptual models, some archaeologists began to critique ethnoarchaeology for what it saw as the production of cautionary tales and trivial knowledge. I argue that at the core of this dispute is a fundamental misunderstanding about the role of "source-side" research in archaeological interpretation and suggest ways that both ethnoarchaeological and indigenous perspectives can contribute to a robust archaeological enterprise.}, author = {Jerimy J. Cunningham} } @article {9550, title = {Evidence for Short-Term Resource Procurement Events at the Spillsbury Bay Site, Rice Lake, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {73-100}, abstract = {

Small sites, where short-term events may be distinguished, are a valuable part of the archaeological record as they provide resolution at the level of individual events. Such resolution yields insight into the patterning of cultural material and the decisions made by individuals in the past. Excavations at the Spillsbury Bay site, on Rice Lake in south-central Ontario, were conducted with the aim of demonstrating an occupation during the late Middle Woodland period and of exploring the nature of that occupation in terms of settlement, subsistence, and material culture. The results reported here met those objectives and identified the site as a short-term, resource procurement locale, linked to larger base camps within the regional settlement pattern. In terms of subsistence, a shift from shellfish collection to fishing and hunting is evident over time. Artifact clusters also provide the opportunity to explore occupation events and the choices made by individual potters in ceramic manufacture. These choices centred around the visual impression the potter created in decorating a vessel rather than the specific tool used to apply that decoration.

}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis} } @Conference Paper {10505, title = {Iroquoian Origins: The View from the Trent}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origins of Iroquoians in the Lower Great Lakes area: migration vs. in situ development. Ceramic assemblages from the Rice Lake-Trent River region in south-central Ontario span the Middle Woodland through Early Iroquoian periods providing an opportunity to explore these hypotheses in some detail. In this paper, the regional ceramic data are evaluated against expectations derived from the migration hypothesis. The data are found to contradict those expectations, demonstrating clear continuity across the Middle to Late Woodland transition in the Rice Lake-Trent River region. This pattern is reinforced by the changes in specific variables along the continuum that represents the adaptation or elaboration of existing attributes.}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12178, title = {Ramah Chert: A Lithic Odyssey}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {115-117}, editor = {Andrew Riddle} } @Conference Paper {10504, title = {Mod{\'e}lisation des processus d{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution culturelle gr{\^a}ce {\`a} des donn{\'e}es arch{\'e}ologiques}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Jenneth Curtis} } @Conference Paper {10503, title = {Black Island: A 4000 year old Aull{\^a}vik near Nain, Labrador}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {An aull{\^a}vik is a place occupied by Inuit on a regular, seasonal basis for purposes of resource gathering. Today Black Island is a vibrant contemporary aull{\^a}vik for Inuit from Nain who maintain their connection to the history and traditions of the island. The archaeological record further attests to the antiquity of this seasonal-use place with Historic Inuit, Dorset Palaeoeskimo, and Maritime Archaic sites. This paper will explore the continuity of seasonal, human occupation on the island through analyses of site locations, cultural features, and artifact collections.}, author = {Jenneth E. Curtis and BAIKIE, Gary and Lena Onalik} } @Conference Paper {10506, title = {An early human skeleton from Gore Creek, British Columbia}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Two previously reported early human skeletal remains in Canada are uncertainly dated and immature, precluding useful insights into the physical or biological characteristics of the populations they may represent. An adult male postcranial skeleton from south-central British Columbia has been collagen dated at 8,250 +/- 115 years B.P. In situ parts were recorded below a volcanic ash lens identified with The Mount Mazama eruption of 6,600-7,000 years ago. The clavicle and long bones, metrically and morphologically, suggest a tall, lineal body build, a form often associated with an inland hunting adaptation. The finding might be used to support the construct of a {\textquoteright}Protowestern{\textquoteright} cultural tradition populating British Columbia from the south in late Pleistocene - early Holocene times.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and D. Howes and J. Haggarty and M. Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10510, title = {West Coast Mummies}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {I was asked to investigate, for repatriation purposes, the presumed British Columbia aboriginal identity of two mummies from the Niagara Falls Museum. Apparently naturally preserved, they likely originated from the west coast of Vancouver Island. My identifying criteria included evidence for head shaping, comparative skeletal facial morphology, and the presence of skin impressions from woven cedar. Published worldwide surveys of mummies do not include British Columbia, but mummies are known from both Island and mainland sites, and appear in Northwest Coast ethnographic accounts. Burial associations, as known historically, may have encouraged mummification. Cedar, used for wrappings, coffins and charnel houses, contains natural preservatives, and wool blankets, in which bodies often were shrouded, have a high moisture absorbency rate. My analysis was completed with the assistance and cooperation of Golden Chariot Productions, the Canadian Conservation Institute, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Royal B.C. Museum, and First Nations Summit of British Columbia.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @article {9553, title = {The Big Bar Lake Burial: Middle Period Human Remains from the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {55-78}, abstract = {

Collaboration between anthropologists and the Canoe Creek and High Bar First Nations resulted in the excavation and identification of a radiocarbon-dated 5,000-year-old human burial, one of only six Middle Period burials now known from three Canadian Plateau sites. The burial appears to have been an isolated mortuary occurrence but with a pattern of body disposition similar to China Lake (EiRm-7) and Pritchard (EeQw-21). Osteological analysis indicated an elderly female (sex confirmed by molecular testing) with age-related pathological changes. A comprehensive comparative review of known Canadian Plateau human remains, included in this study, revealed an individual of relatively short stature with strongly developed upper limbs. Stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) pointed to a predominantly terrestrial diet likely based on hunting, with a moderate intake of marine protein, presumably salmon. Testing for mitochondrial DNA indicated haplogroup A, which is widespread in living Native Americans. Comparative mtDNA data suggest long-standing genetic continuity in the Pacific Northwest, but with evidence for a genetically diverse population in existence at 5000 BP.

}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and Alan D. McMillan and Ripan S. Malhi and Brian M. Kemp and Harold Harry and Scott Cousins} } @Conference Paper {10509, title = {Physical Anthropology at Quattishe}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {We report 1996 fieldwork at Quattishe, the site of an ancient Gusgimukw Kwakwaka{\textquoteright}wakw village in Quatsino Sound, northern Vancouver Island. At the behest of the Gku-yau-las Cultural Society, the Quatsino Band authorized an investigation and heritage restoration of variably preserved, vandalized burial houses. Sites and artifacts were documented and human skeletal remains analyzed for historical identification. Collected data allowed inferences about the length of time one of the burial houses had been used, the possible presence of siblings, and evidence for the possible representation of a non-local native woman. Information was obtained on culturally enhanced head shapes and paleopathology. Funding was provided by the Quatsino Band Council, Canadian Museum of Civilization, and Bastion Heritage Group. We were aided by the British Schools Exploring Society and K{\textquoteright}leesa Cultural Services.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and Stan WALLAS} } @article {9552, title = {An Early Human Skeleton from South-Central British Columbia: Dating and Bioarchaeological Inference}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {049-059}, abstract = {

Two previously reported early human skeletal remains in Canada are uncertainly dated and immature, precluding useful insights into the physical or biological characteristics of the populations they may represent. An adult male postcranial skeleton from Gore Creek, British Columbia, has been collagen dated at 8250 \± 115 years B.P. In situ parts were recorded in an alluvial fan deposit, below a volcanic ash lens identified with the Mount Mazana eruption of 6,700 years ago. The clavicle and long bones, metrically and morphologically, suggest a tall, lineal body build, with strong lower limb development, a form often associated with an inland hunting adaptation. The finding might be used to support the construct of a \&$\#$39;Protowestern\&$\#$39; cultural tradition populating British Columbia from the south in late Pleistocene/early Holocene times.

}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski and Donald E. Howes and James C. Haggarty and Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10508, title = {HUMAN BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE NORTH COAST}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {A 1992 biological distance analysis of four skeletal samples defined a close relationship between Prince Rupert Harbour and Greenville on the North Coast but emphasized Blue Jackets Creek as a distinct entity. Additional samples, with tests of statistical significance, confirm a cohesiveness of the north mainland coast groups, possibly an indicator of common Tsimshian ancestry to circa 3,000 years ago. In this analysis, the 4,000 year-old skeletons from Blue Jackets Creek remain a separate entity, significantly apart also from later Haida Gwaii inhabitants. The later, historic period samples are closer to those of the prehistoric north mainland coast but maintain a separate identity, possibly reflecting physiographic impediments to contact as well as different ancestral origins.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9196, title = {Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {158-160}, editor = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @article {9551, title = {Modified Human Bones and Skulls from Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {015-032}, abstract = {

Twelve worked human skull pieces, four altered long bones, and modified skulls and long bones with nine skeletons are described in detail for the Prince Rupert Harbour region, British Columbia. The 25 items, excavated from seven sites, mainly date from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 500. Although three long bones suggest modifications for possible tool use, the majority of items, mainly cranial, apparently lack utilitarian form. Ethnographic references to the ritual use of human corpses and skeletal parts among various coastal British Columbia historic groups suggest that the Prince Rupert Harbour finds may be parallel indicators in the prehistoric record.

}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @Conference Paper {10507, title = {Culturally Induced Tooth Wear Patterns In Prehistoric Canadian West Coast People}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {This paper presents dental evidence for culturally induced patterns of tooth wear in precontact skeletons of the Prince Rupert Harbour region, British Columbia. In historic times the area was inhabited by the Coast Tsimshian. Two unrelated types of tooth wear were observed over and above that produced by the processes of mastication. In the mandibles of 12 people, including both sexes, the labial surfaces of anterior tooth crowns were polished. The dentine had been exposed in several instances. These wear patterns could be ascribed to the abrasive action of a stone labret. The second type of wear was evidenced by thin linear grooves on the occlusal surfaces of anterior teeth in five mandibles. All bone were those of females. This type of wear may have resulted from using the teeth to soften cedar bark fibres for the weaving of blankets. Among the historic Tsimshian, this art was the exclusive property of women.}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @Symposium Papers {10980, title = {Physical anthropology at Owikeno Lake, 1975}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {201-210}, author = {Jerome S. Cybulski} } @Conference Paper {10511, title = {Accessing the past: Sharing the University of Manitoba{\textquoteright}s archaeological collections with the public}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Archaeological materials are studied, preserved and curated by professionals in trust for the general public; however public access to the results of this work in Canada remains limited. While museums have begun to employ the Internet to provide increased access to their collections, this practice has yet to be embraced by other institutions and organizations housing archaeological materials. This paper discusses the considerations that went into making a subset of the archaeological collections housed at the University of Manitoba available online to the general public and the public response to this effort thus far.}, author = {Ashleigh Czyrnyj} } @Conference Paper {10514, title = {Palaeoethnobotany of Later Jomon and Earliest Yayoi Cultures of Northeastern Aomori Prefecture, Northeastern Japan}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This research focuses on prehistoric subsistence and the development of farming in northeastern Japan. Archaeobotanical sampling was carried out in Aomori prefecture at sites dating to the Middle Jomon Period, ca. 3000-2500 B.C.; the Tokoshinai I and IV phases of the Late Jomon, ca. 2500-1000 B.C.; and, to the Fukurashima phase of the Tohoku Yayoi, ca. 150 B.C. Distributional analyses of plant remains recovered from pithouse floors and other contexts are undertaken, and it is demonstrated that archaeobotanical remains can reflect the depositional history of these features. Plant remains recovered from the Late Middle Jomon Tominosawa site suggest a focus on weed seed procurement, similar to contemporary sites found nearby on the southwestern portion of the island of Hokkaido. The Kazahari site produced evidence of Tokoshinai IV phase rice and foxtail and broomcom millet dating to 2540{\textpm}240B.P. (TO-2202). Sampling of later Fukurashima phase contexts at Kazahari produced evidence of rice, foxtail and broomcom millet, Japanese bamyard millet, and hemp. These data demonstrate that rice and millets were present in northeastern Aomori since the Tokoshinai IV phase, and that mixed farming systems were in place during later Fukurashima phase occupations. Ecological and ethnographic evidence is used to postulate that farming may have been present in northeastern Aomori at a time shortly after the first known occurrence of rice in southwestern Japan. This observation implies that the movement north of rice farming may not have been greatly affected by cultural and ecological factors. The processes involved in the development and diffusion of farming into northeastern Japan are sotnewhat comparable to those evidenced in other temperate regions.}, author = {A. Catherine D{\textquoteright}ANDREA} } @Conference Paper {10513, title = {Highland Farmers of Northern Ethiopia: Models for Palaeoethnobotany}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper reports on preliminary results of a joint Simon Fraser University-Mekelle University College ethnoarchaeological project underway in the highlands of northeastern Ethiopia. The work is based at a small farming village located about 20 km northwest of Mekelle in south-central Tigrai. Investigations are focusing on non-mechanised farming practices that may relate to the nature and development of prehistoric agrarian societies in the region. Field studies are utilising interviews and direct observation to document crop processing of selected cereals and legumes in an effort to examine the effects of these activities on the composition of archaeobotanical assemblages. In addition, observations on domestic architecture, craft production, as well as refuse disposal patterns are being conducted to aid in the interpretation of site formation processes. Plant husbandry and crop processing activities are placed into a broader cultural context by examining the socio-economic organisation of Adi Ainawalid, based on household studies.}, author = {A. Catherine D{\textquoteright}ANDREA and D.E. LYONS and N. JACKMAN and Mitiku HAILE and E.A. BUTLER} } @Conference Paper {10512, title = {DISPERSAL OF DOMESTICATED PLANTS INTO NORTHEASTERN JAPAN}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Recent archaeobotanical research in northeastern Japan has demonstrated the presence of buckwheat, millets, rice and other domesticates in Jomon contexts. In this paper it is argued that the introduction of domesticated plants may not have caused major changes in Jomon subsistence. It is further suggested that rice dispersed into northeastern Japan independently of wet-paddy technology, and its spread may not have been significantly slowed by cultural and ecological factors. Instead, the character of later Jomon settlement and subsistence in the northeast may have facilitated the introduction of wet-paddy rice agriculture.}, author = {A. Catherine D{\textquoteright}ANDREA} } @Conference Paper {10515, title = {Towards an Understanding of the Chalcolithic Chipped Stone Industry in Cyprus : The Ayios Savvas Material}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {It is generally accepted that expediently utilized chert flakes are characteristic of the Cypriot Chalcolithic chipped stone industry. Despite the ubiquitous nature of this informal tool type it has not been integrated in Ethic assemblage studies. Simple flake production has been neglected while classic formal tools, such as scrapers and blades, have been highlighted for their level of technological requirement. Considering that nearly half of all chipped stone at Ayios Savvas was utilized a reassessment of the relative importance of formal tools is needed. An industry primarily based on simple flake production has not warranted serious consideration and subsequently has been regarded as degenerating. The Ayios Savvas assemblage however demonstrates that this is not the case but an adaptive formalized technological response to changing socio-economic strategies.}, author = {Cesare D{\textquoteright}ANNIBALE} } @Conference Paper {10516, title = {Renewed Excavation at an Archaic Site in Central Maine}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {New excavations were undertaken at the Hathaway site, Passadumkeag, Maine, in the summer, of 1968. The site had been excavated twice before (by Moorehead in 1912 and by Hadlock and Stern in 1947), but nevertheless it was regarded as being potentially most useful for the renewed investigation of the Archaic Stage in Maine generally and the Moorehead Cemetery Complex in particular. A total of four burial types were discovered, only one of which was previously known at this site. One new example was a large pit containing the remains of an extended burial. Another was a partial cremation in which about half the original skeletal material was unexpectedly preserved. An adjacent and coeval habitation site was also located. Artifacts from previous excavations have been assembled, thus making possible the first comprehensive report of an Archaic Stage cemetery in northern New England and the Maritimes.}, author = {Snow D.R.} } @Conference Paper {10517, title = {Towards a Greater Understanding of the Prehistory of Frontenac County: The Frontenac County Inventory}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Over the past 2 years the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation has been developing an inventory of archaeological sites in Frontenac County, which is situated at the northeastern end of Lake Ontario. The inventory is primarily designed to provide a basis from which more specifically focused research projects can be undertaken in an area the prehistory of which is still poorly understood. The initial results of the inventory provide for a range in prehistoric cultural occupations extending from Late Palaeo-Indian to Late Woodland on sites distributed in association with Lake Ontario and the inland drainage systems encompassed by the County. Some of the identified sites including Armstrong, Belle Island and Page hold considerable potential for understanding the pre-Iroquoian cultural development in eastern Ontario.}, author = {Daechsel, Hugh J.} } @Conference Paper {10518, title = {Origins of Sedentism on the Western Plateau: Evidence from the Baker Site (EdQx 43) / Origines de la s{\'e}dentarit{\'e} sur le plateau de l\&$\#$03}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeological excavations were conducted by I. R. Wilson Consultants in 1991, 1994 and 1995 at the Baker Site EdQx 43 near Kamloops, British Columbia as part of proposed improvements to the Trans-Canada Highway. These excavations revealed several intact house pits and associated artifacts and faunal remains dating to between 4,200 and 4,400 BP making them the oldest recorded house pits in the interior of British Columbia. This site has important implications for cultural chronology, sedentism, and cultural complexity in the British Columbia Interior.}, author = {DAHLSTROM, Bruce} } @inbook {11014, title = {Appendix II: NOGAP Bibliography}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {155-159}, author = {Compiled By R. Jane Dale and Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9203, title = {Arctic Odyssey: The Diary of Diamond Jenness, 1913{\textendash}1916}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {132-134}, editor = {David Damas} } @Conference Paper {10520, title = {The Tsiigehnjik Ethnoarchaeology Project: Excavations at Martin Zheh}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Since its inception in 1992, the Gwich{\textquoteright}in Social and Cultural Institute has worked to {\textquoteright}document, preserve and promote the practice of Gwich{\textquoteright}in culture, language, traditional knowledge, and values.{\textquoteright} Excavations at Martin Zheh brought these elements together at a multi-component site on the banks of the Tsiigehnjik (Arctic Red River), a major tributary of the lower Mackenzie River. Here, Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Elders and youth came together as partners in heritage conservation, sharing traditional knowledge and archaeological discovery. Five occupation layers at MeTp-4 span the past two centuries, a significant period in Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in history which saw the introduction of trading posts, firearms, missions, disease, and, eventually, permanent communities. This paper provides an overview of the archaeology of MeTp-4 and examines some of the temporal changes in traditional and Euro-Canadian artifacts and faunal assemblages, in historical context.}, author = {DAMKJAR, Eric} } @Conference Paper {10519, title = {Life histories of some northwest coast celts}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A collection of ground stone celts from 3 late prehistoric sites in the Bella Coola region is analyzed. The morphological variation seen in this collection is explained in terms of a life history model correlating changing morphology and function through time. The collection includes intact specimens, designed to bc hafted, as well as heavily battered and splintered specimens reduced in a bipolar fashion to produce flakes suitable for use as Cutting Tools.}, author = {Damkjar, E.} } @Conference Paper {10522, title = {Late Dorset Longhouses : a Look Inside}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {A distinctive feature of the Late Dorset period is the use of large dwelling structures , up to 45 m in length and elongate in form, which have come to be known as longhouses. Often located in ecological oases, these sites conjure an image of many families living communally, enjoying the bounty of the land, partaking in ceremonies and rituals led by a shaman. This view is based primarily on the grand size of the structures, the presence of rows of aligned hearths, and the rich environments in which they tend to be located - in other words, the big picture. Less attention has been paid to the smaller details- artifacts, manufacturing debris, faunal remains, spatial distributions. Do these sources of data support the big picture? For what activities is there direct evidence? What can we infer about economic strategies and seasonality? How do these sites compare with other Late Dorset occupations? In this paper, I examine a variety of data sources in an attempt to fill in the big picture a little and identify gaps in our understanding. I will rely primarily on three longhouse sites from Creswell Bay, Somerset Island, but will also draw on other published data.}, author = {DAMKJAR, Eric} } @Conference Paper {10521, title = {An Unusual Pit Feature at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, Alberta}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Mitigative excavations at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump (HSI) have revealed a large and unusual pit feature located in the processing area, well below the kill-site. This conical pit, over a metre in depth, contained 927 identifiable bison bone specimens, including articulated joints, several skull portions, and bones from one or more extremely large bison. The 46 artifacts fall into upper and lower groupings. The upper group includes a typical assortment of HSI lithics such as projectile points, an end scraper, modified flakes and cores. The lower group is made up of 19 sherds of a single pottery vessel, two ochre-painted bones, and two spatulate objects made from bison mandibles. A suite of radio-carbon dates indicates an (uncalibrated) age of 1250 {\textpm} 50 B.P. and the artifacts suggest an Avonlea affiliation. The shape and contents of this pit are unique and there is no obvious functional interpretation. A ceremonial association is suggested.}, author = {DAMKJAR, Eric} } @Conference Paper {10523, title = {PRE-DORSET BOULDER FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY IN NUNAVIK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A collaborative salvage project was undertaken in 1990 by the Avataq Cultural Institute and the Cree Regional Authority at the GhGk-4 site, a Pre-Dorset boulder field site near Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, southeastern Hudson Bay. Project activities were centred on the excavation of four semi-subterranean dwellings of varying form and two tent rings. The excavations yielded a total of 4,650 lithic specimens. The tool assemblage, comprising 232 artifacts, is dominated by burins, burin spalls, microblades and projectile points of several varieties. The excavation results and the implications of the project regarding boulder field archaeology in Nunavik are described and discussed.}, author = {Gendron Daniel} } @Conference Paper {10524, title = {Thule Seal Hunting Techniques: A Practical Application of Mortality Profiles}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Thule Eskimo hunting techniques will be examined through the analysis of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) mortality patterns. These patterns are based on canines recovered from five Thule semisubterranean winter houses located at Hazard Inlet, Somerset Island, in the Central Canadian Arctic. Dental annuli studies on these canines provide a mortality profile of an archaeological population. Using ringed seal behaviour and ethnographical accounts of Inuit seal hunting, variations of similarities between the archaeological and modern seal age profiles provide evidence of past hunting techniques.}, author = {Danielson, Robert A.} } @Conference Paper {10527, title = {A Taphonomic Examination of Late Dorset Faunal Remains on Little Cornwallis Island, N. W. T}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {During the 1992 and 1993 field seasons, the McDougall Sound Archaeological Research Project undertook an analysis of the Late Dorset site of Tasiarulik (QjJx-10) on Little Cornwallis Island in the Central High Arctic. Due to permitting difficulties, the 1992 field season involved an intensive examination of the cultural materials exposed on the surface. The surface faunal remains were mapped and identified in situ and have allowed for an examination of the spatial distribution of the bone across die site. In the following field season excavation proceeded on a number of semi-subterranean houses, tent rings, and middens, with a subsequent analysis of the collected faunal remains. In the past, faunal studies did not normally constitute a significant part of a High Arctic project. Bone element mapping of the surface remains has allowed for a unique opportunity to examine the horizontal variation in species and element representation, along with bone deterioration and modification. This paper will focus on the taphonomic processes which have created and altered the surface and sub-surface faunal assemblages at Tasiarulik, and present an assessment of the relationship between these two data sets.}, author = {DARWENT, Christyann M.} } @Conference Paper {10526, title = {Archaeological Survey at 78 Degrees North: Investigations in Inglefield Land, Northwestern Greenland}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {For six weeks in 2004, a crew of seven from Greenland, Denmark, and the US, surveyed two areas on the central coast of Inglefield Land, Northwestern Greenland: Force Bay and Marshall Bay. This region provides an excellent location for examining the complex interaction of climatic change (end of the Little Ice Age), culture contact (between Inughuit and British whalers, Inuit from Baffin Island, and American polar explorers), and the affects on local technology and subsistence. We relied mainly on intensive foot-based survey and identified and mapped nearly 800 archaeological features. Virtually everywhere we looked that could support human occupation had evidence of past use including nearly 300 tent rings, 16 semi-subterranean winter houses, and a wide variety of other feature types such as meat caches, fox traps, hare snare lines, kayak and umiak stands, and human burials. One of the highlights of our summer was a site at Cape Grinnell, located at the northern end of Force Bay, where at this one single locality we encountered evidence of habitation dating from recent times to at least 4000 years ago and documented over 100 features representing nearly every type known in the High Arctic. We also believe this site was initially visited by Elisha Kent Kane in the 1850s.}, author = {Darwent, Christyann and John Darwent and Genevieve LeMoine} } @Conference Paper {10525, title = {Across from Ellesmere: Results of Archaeological Survey in Inglefield Land, Greenland}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Inglefield Land Archaeology Project is a collaborative multi-year project with the primary goal of studying culture contact among the Inughuit, Inuit, and Euro-American explorers in northwestern Greenland in order to investigate issues concerning loss and regain of technology, changes in land use, and environmental impacts. As a start to this endeavour, we began a program of helicopter and pedestrian survey during the summers of 2004 and 2005 in order to identify sites for further investigation. Although Inglefield Land is renown for sites such as Ruin Island and Inuarfissuaq (Holtved 1944), overall the archaeological record of the area was poorly known. Here we present the results of the 2004 and 2005 survey during which we examined most of the coastline of the area by helicopter and identified 1375 cultural features in four localities during pedestrian survey.}, author = {Darwent, John A. and Genevieve LeMoine and DARWENT, Christyann M. and Hans Lange} } @Conference Paper {10528, title = {The 1988-1990 Stone Features Component of the Oldman River Dam Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Programme - A Review}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In the period from 1988 to 1990 a major study of stone features was undertaken in conjunction with the development of the Oldman River dam. Primary emphasis in the study was placed on ascertaining if this most common of all archaeological features on the northem Plains could add significant data to the understanding of Native utilization of the Oldman, Castle and Crowsnest River systems. During the course of the study information was recovered from 201 stone features and one buried camp in 19 sites. With the exception of one extremely significant winter camp (DjPm-115) all the examined sites appear to represent short term camps occupied briefly by Native groups in the period from late spring to early fall. Cultural diagnostics from the sites point towards occupation in the period from. the Late-Middle Prehistoric to Proto-Historic Period.}, author = {Barry J. Dau} } @Conference Paper {10529, title = {A 10,000 year record of vegetation and fire from Pyramid Lake, Northwestern British Columbia}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Three sediment cores from Pyramid Lake (58{\textdegree}53{\textquoteright}N, 129{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright}W) were studied to reconstruct the late-Quaternary vegetation and fire history of the Cassiar region of northwestern British Columbia. Reconstructions were based on sedimentology, macrofossil evidence and concentrations of fossil pollen and charcoal. A radiocarbon date of 9500 +/- 65 BP provides a minimum age for deglaciation; however, the extrapolated age of the transition from basal diamicton to lacustrine sediments suggests that alpine ice persisted in the basin until about 10 300 BP. Macrofossil and pollen evidence indicate that subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) was established near the elevation of the lake by ca. 9450 BP, suggesting that treeline during the early Holocene was at least as high as today. Migration of arboreal species from areas beyond the range of Cordilleran ice must have occurred in less than 1000 years, much more rapidly than indicated from previous paleovegetation reconstructions in northern British Columbia.}, author = {Mazzucchi David} } @article {9554, title = {Ethnicity and Material Culture in North Cameroon}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {171-177}, abstract = {

Ethnicity involves participation in shared traditions at various scales. Multiple referents of ethnicity in the Mandara highlands, the nature of their expression in material culture, and the underlying systems of production are sketched. In these small-scale egalitarian societies, characterized by Brownian movement of people, the archaeologist can likely define only the larger population cluster, with clines and variation within it, that drew its symbols from the same reservoir. This may well be the significant unit for understanding culture process on a macro-scale.

}, author = {Nicholas David and Kodzo Gavua and A. Scott MacEachern and Judy Sterner} } @article {12568, title = {Unsettled Archaeology with a Resettled Community: Practicing Memory, Identity, and Archaeology in Hebron}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {066-082}, abstract = {

The Hebron Family Archaeology Project is a multi-year project which works towards increasing our understanding of twentieth-century life in Hebron, a former Inuit community in northern Labrador whose residents (Hebronimiut) were forcibly relocated in 1959. The primary goal of the project is to provide opportunities for the residents of Hebron to return to their homeland and to record the stories and memories of Elders before they are lost. Based on the expressed interests of community members, the scope of research has shifted from household excavation to non-invasive archaeological recording methods, family-based interviews, and increasing accessibility. Project goals and methods are flexible in nature in order to suit the needs of the people I am trying to serve, and my role as a researcher has changed as a result. While these factors have unsettled the original goals of the project, ultimately, they have provided critical guiding lessons to develop an Inuit-driven narrative that will be relevant and accessible to present and future generations of Hebronimiut.

}, author = {Michelle Tari Davies} } @Conference Paper {10534, title = {THE DEBERT/BELMONT PALAEO-INDIAN COMPLEX}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A paper presented at the XXIII Canadian Archaeological Association{\textquoteright}s annual meetings at Whitehorse introduced two Palaeo-Indian sites associated with Debert in central Nova Scotia. At that time the complex was defined as Debert (BiCu-1), Belmont I (BiCu-6), and Belmont II (BiCu-7). The summer and fall of 1990 have added three additional loci to the complex. Two of these are in close proximity to the Belmont sites and are tentatively assigned as Belmont Ia and Belmont IIa. The other is a discrete occupation site one kilometre east of Debert and is known as the Hunter Road site (BiCu-10). A seventh possible site has been recorded 25km northeast of the Debert/Belmont complex. The paper will present preliminary results of the 1990 archaeological geological and palynological studies.}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11942, title = {Pisskan: Interpreting First Peoples Bison Kills at Heritage Parks}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {283-286}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Conference Paper {10538, title = {Early Prehistoric Lifeways and Historic Placer Mining: Golden Paleoindian Research Opportunities in the Northern Rockies of Montana}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The serendipitous (Barton Gulch) and intentionally targeted (Indian Creek) discovery of two deeply buried, stratified, multicomponent Paleoindian occupation sites in the Montana Rockies of southwestern and west-central Montana, respectively, led to their multi-year multi-disciplinary investigation. The artifact-bearing deposits are incorporated within fine-alluvium sequences in low-gradient (Barton Gulch) and steep-gradient (Indian Creek) mountain valley floodplains. These unexpected and usually informative, Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene archaeological manifestations were exposed as an effect of localized commercial mining ventures designed to extract economic minerals from alluvial sediments in stream valleys. This paper explores geological and site-formational processes and illustrates the effects of historic placer mining on artifact-bearing landscapes. These independent processes and events have converged to enable advancement of archaeological understandings regarding post Ice Age ecology, Paleoindian hunter-gatherer resource selection and use, settlement selection behavior, and patterned details of Paleoindian adaptive strategies peculiar to this region. Locational and investigational implications of these insights for Paleoindian (and possibly Paleoamerican) site prospection in yet other intensively placered Rocky Mountain valleys are considered in the long term.}, author = {DAVIS, Leslie} } @Conference Paper {10533, title = {Contract Archaeology in Nova Scotia:The Good,The Bad and The Ugly}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The paper will provide an overview of the changing nature of archaeology in Nova Scotia. As a long time player in provincial archaeology the author has witnessed the good, the bad and the ugly. The paper will deal with issues such as the conflicts which arise when an academic dabbling in a Free Market Enterprise. The question of whether nor not there are any benefits of an academic doing contract work beyond the obvious monetary rewards will be investigated. Although not a central theme there will be some discussion contrasting the contract business in Canada with that of the U.K. again looking at conflicts and benefits. One final issue will be a discussion on the growing and potentially dangerous use of contract archaeology as a political tool. These topics will be presented with case studies to illustrate various points.}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Conference Paper {10537, title = {Prehistory of Southeastern Nova Scotia}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {In the past two years the focus of research into the prehistory of Nova Scotia has been in the southeast end of the province. The Yarmouth area has a number of prominent private collections which are presently being catalogued, photographed and entered into a computer data base at Saint Mary{\textquoteright}s University. The existence of the collections, along with cooperation from the owners, has led to the recording of 46 sites in this part of Nova Scotia. A joint effort between Saint Mary{\textquoteright}s University and the University of Maine, Orono was directed towards the extensive testing of the Bain Site. The paper will address the progress to date with a summary of the chronology of southeastern Nova Scotia.}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Conference Paper {10532, title = {Folsom Complex Antecedents in Montana: The MacHaffie and Indian Creek Paleoindian Occupational Sequences}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Excavation of in situ Scottsbluff (9,340{\textpm}120 14C years B.P.) occupational deposits at the MacHaffie site (24JF4) in 1951 by Richard G. Forbis, on the western flank of the Elkhorn Mountains in west-central Montana, resulted also in the discovery and recovery of an underlying Folsom component (estimated average 10,425 14C years B.P.). Recent extensions of those investigations nearly 50 years later by the Museum of the Rockies have yielded nondiagnostic chert artifacts and highly fragmentary utilized faunal remains from considerable depth below the Folsom stratum. Excavations at the stratified Indian Creek Paleoindian site (24BW626) 30 km southeast of MacHaffie, also in the Elkhorn Mountain Range on the eastern flank, in 1982-1986 also documented a Folsom (10,410{\textpm}60 14C years B.P.) component, this time with an underlying Clovis (10,980{\textpm}150 14C years B.P.) occupation. These Paleoindian cultural sequences are contained within floodplain alluvium in moderate gradient depositional settings, both of which had been subject to Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene fluvial processes. Contextual integrity of Paleoindian occupational debris thusly incorporated, and the likelihood that remains of this antiquity will be preserved and discovered, are among the technical issues discussed.}, author = {DAVIS, Leslie B.} } @article {9557, title = {Three Palaeo-indian Specimens from Nova Scotia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {190-196}, author = {Stephen A. Davis and David Christianson} } @Conference Paper {10536, title = {Microwear Determination of Paleoindian Flake Graver Functions in Montana Rockies Assemblages}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Graving implements are hallmark Paleoindian implements second only in diagnostic value to projectile point morphology/technology and channel flakes in the interior North American West. Microwear analysis by Kay of 33 potential flake gravers obtained by excavation from four and from one inundated Paleoindian occupation sites in southwestern Montana identified 29 gravers. This varied flake graver macroassemblage derives from Folsom Complex (Indian Creek: 10,400 B.P.) and Alder and Hardinger Complexes (Barton Gulch: 9,400 and 8,800 B.P., respectively; Sheep Rock Spring: 9,400 B.P.) and Canyon Ferry Lake (Alder plus other Plaeoindian components). Multiple functional types were differentiated: graver tips used as individual engraving implements to bore, slot, or pierce; compass gravers with paired graver spurs; and parallel gravers, two or more graving spurs with the same use-wear orientation. Studies of the role(s) of gravers in Paleoindian industrial activities have been constrained by the absence of associated, but presumably perishable graving products. Consideration is given to searching for the identity of local, graver-applied raw materials in relation to experimental data which structure arguments for graver use and products.}, author = {DAVIS, Leslie B. and Marvin KAY} } @Conference Paper {10531, title = {The pollen record as an indicator of site environment and economy}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Pollen records from archaeological sites are generally limited in their value for paleoenvironmental reconstruction by problems of low concentration, poor preservation, and small variety. This is most obvious in well-drained sites with high pH. Concentration problems may be remedied by the processing of large samples. Ambiguities in interpretation may be deciphered with the aid of modern pollen spectra from the range of environments presently represented in the area (forested, non-forested, etc.). Pollen spectra from the Yagi site imply open, weedy habitats and in general, complement the seed analyses, although the latter are far more useful in the determination of economy.}, author = {Davis, A.} } @Conference Paper {10535, title = {Private Collections from Southwestern Nova Scotia}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {During the past ten years the archaeology laboratory at Saint Marys University has been recording the major private collections from Southwestern Nova Scotia. The collections are catalogued, photographed and interviews are conducted with the owners to determine locational information. These efforts have identified single site components with diagnostic specimens which allow comparisons with excavated materials from the Northeast. The preliminary evaluation of the material suggests the substantial presence of defined late Archaic and Early Woodland Traditions with the province. The paper will discuss the presence of the Susquehanna Tradition in the Yarmouth area and a possible Meadowood site at Port Medway.}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Obituaries {11427, title = {William A. Russell (19284987)}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {223-225}, author = {Stephen A. Davis} } @Conference Paper {10530, title = {History of Archaeology in Nova Scotia}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The beginnings of archaeology in Nova Scotia can be documented to over one hundred and sixty years ago. The pioneering efforts involved a few members of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science. The discipline moved through various phases of development based upon key individuals and in the modem era the establishment of institutional programs. The paper chronicles the personalities, sites and institutions that laid the foundation for the discipline as we know it today.}, author = {DAVIS, Steve} } @Conference Paper {10543, title = {Black Goo on a Rock: Linking Ethnohistory and Archaeology}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Historical accounts have documented the practice of applying grease onto certain lithic materials prior to flintknapping. At the Hugo Dosch Site (EgOl-1), southwestern Saskatchewan, archaeological excavations yielded several lithic artifacts buried in a Late Prehistoric component on which a thin black coating was observed. Several analytical approaches were employed to determine the nature of this substance. The results of these analyses indicate this material is an organic residue, of animal origin, and is probably a lipid. We suggest that animal fat was applied to the surface of a Swan River Chert cobble prior to the lithic reduction process. The presence of animal residues on finished lithic artifacts and on pottery is not uncommon, but the occurrence of such residues on unfinished artifacts in the early stages of the reduction process has so far received little attention. Our results present an intriguing link between ethnographic accounts and the archaeological record and further our understanding of the manufacture of lithic tools.}, author = {DAWE, Bob and BEAUDOIN, Alwynne} } @Conference Paper {10542, title = {The James Pass Longnecked Point: An Early Archaic Side Notched Point Type From The Front Ranges Of The Rocky Mountains}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The James Pass Site (EkPu-8), situated in the Front Ranges of Alberta{\textquoteright}s Rocky Mountains, exhibits a continuous record of occupation extending over 10,000 years. A discrete densely concentrated occupation floor dated at 7,700 years B.P. has yielded two side notched dart point types. One type resembles other Early Archaic and Mummy Cave points from the Plains. The second point style, the James Pass Long Necked variant, features unusually long side notches extending a third of the overall length. This peculiar point style is described and discussed in light of other Early Archaic assemblages in the Plains and eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.}, author = {DAWE, Bob and Brian Ronaghan} } @Conference Paper {10541, title = {Clovis Beveled Shafts: What{\textquoteright}s the Point?}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The function of cylindrical bone and ivory shafts frequently found associated with Clovis fluted points has been the subject of much discussion. Functions as foreshafts, levers for tightening binding, wedges to facilitate butchering, sled runners, and composite flintknapping devices, although appealing, in most cases seem more elaborate than their form suggests. The function as foreshafts or component parts of composite shafts, which may or may not have included stone or wood components can adequately account for the formal variation in most of these artifacts. Ethnographic examples of similar shaft construction in the arctic are considered an appropriate functional analogue.}, author = {DAWE, Bob} } @Conference Paper {10540, title = {Lost Toys, Ancient Children, and the Archaeology of Play / Jouets perdus, enfants d{\textquoteright}autrefois et arch{\'e}ologie du jeu}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {A review of ethnographies from the plains indicates that children were well equipped with material culture for the purpose of play. As a consequence of these activities, small artifacts and features have contributed to the archaeological record. Small stone and bone artifacts, pottery and features from Head-Smashed-In and other Plains sites are interpreted as toys and the result of play. The recognition of toys in the archaeological record of the Plains is difficult but new interpretations suggest these are more common than previously suspected.}, author = {DAWE, Bob} } @Conference Paper {10539, title = {Tiny Arrowheads: Toys in the Toolkit}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Excavations in the processing area at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump have produced numerous tiny, poorly made arrowheads. I propose that many of these are toys and did not function as adult weapons. A review of Plains ethnographies indicates that youths were invariably supplied with small scale bows and arrows to practice archery skills at an early age. An examination of Late Prehistoric projectile points from Head-Smashed-In was undertaken to determine whether toys could be distinguished in this assemblage. The comparative workmanship and neck widths of projectile points are evaluated as useful indices to distinguish toys from adult weapons. The results of this study may have important ramifications beyond Head-Smashed-In. The occurrence of toys in an assemblage may affect considerations of social organization and site function at Plains sites. Also, the inappropriate classification of toys may hamper interpretations of culture history based on point typology.}, author = {DAWE, Bob} } @Conference Paper {10552, title = {From Death Assemblage to Fossil Assemblage: Understanding the Nature of Inter and Intra-Site Variability in Faunal Assemblages}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Archaeologists often criticize the continuing use of normative frameworks in Southwestem archaeology, suggesting that they frequently diminish the researcher{\textquoteright}s ability to recognize and interpret variability in the archaeological record. While variability can be a product of cultural processes like adaptive diversity, various site formation/destruction processes also have the potential to generate complex patterns in assemblages recovered from different areas within and between sites. Recent faunal analysis of two Jornada Mogollon rockshelters in southeastern New Mexico offer possible avenues for interpreting the nature of inter and intra-site variability in faunal assemblages.}, author = {Dawson, Peter} } @article {9559, title = {An Application of the Direct Historical Approach to the Algonkians of Northern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {151-181}, abstract = {

The comparative method is used to trace the culture history of the hunting, gathering and fishing groups who historically occupied the area north of Lake Superior. The lithic and ceramic assemblages from five historic components, considered to be the product of Algonkian peoples, are compared to those from six prehistoric components. Minor differences in stone tool kits are evidently associated with groups who temporarily resided in discrete natural communities. In contrast, ceramics show a mixture of traditions which developed at an earlier time in semi-isolated regions. The application of the direct historic approach suggests that archaeological recoveries are the cumulative product of a single population which in historic times may be recognized as semi-distinct regional groups.

}, author = {K.C.A. Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10547, title = {Reconstructing Traditional Inuit House Forms Using 3D Interactive Computer Modeling}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Virtual heritage environments provide researchers and the general public with a unique tool for exploring archaeological data in a dynamic and interactive fashion. This paper outlines recent attempts by the authors to construct a prototype 3D interactive computer model of an Inuvialuit sod house from the outer Mackenzie Delta area, using archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic data. Such computer models have the potential to provide significant insights into the design principles used in traditional Inuit architecture. They can also be integrated with 3D scans of cultural artifacts and other recorded media to create an interactive virtual heritage environment. In addition to providing an armature for collecting oral histories and traditional knowledge, these web-based virtual environments allow members of the general public to experience cultural sites in inaccessible areas like the Canadian arctic. This paper will focus on how the computer model was constructed, and presents examples of how it might be used both as a research and educational tool.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C. and Richard M. Levy and Charles Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10551, title = {An Archaeological Reconnaissance Along the Shores of Lake Nipigon}, year = {1968}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {A survey was undertaken in 1967, under support of the National Museum of Canada, to determine the nature of the archaeological remains along the virtually unknown shores of the most northerly of the Upper Great Lakes, Lake Nipigon. The shores are dominated by crystalline rock and the boreal forest of the Hudsonian biotic province. Here twenty-one Middle and Late Woodland sites were located. They included seven Middle Woodland, six Late Woodland, five multi-component sites, two stratified sites, and one historic burial. It is suggested that lack of evidence of earlier assemblages reflects the selection of locations examined and the extensive recent shore erosion. Most sites revealed only a thin veneer of artifacts scattered on sandy terraces four to six feet above the present shore line. Primarily on the basis of ceramics, the Laurel Tradition, with some suggestions of blending of Hopewellian, predominates in the middle period. Nutumik focus ceramics blend into Blackduck and Selkirk focus ceramics which predominate in the late period. Unlike the north shore of Lake Superior, a hiatus between periods is not evident, nor are there strong evidences of eastern ceramic mixture; rather the affinities are dominantly western. In the late period they are considered to be largely one ceramic tradition. Trade goods of the post-1600 period were also recovered with Late Woodland ceramics, including ceramics with uniformly poor paste and course grit considered to be Ojibwa as distinct from the known ceramic traditions. This situation appears to be characteristic of the region lying south of the height of land and extending west to Rainy Lake. The establishment of definite evidence of continuities and whether the assemblages represent Obibwa or Siouan peoples rests on future excavation of both sites and burials.}, author = {Kenneth C.A. Dawson} } @article {9658, title = {Michipicoten survey 1971, Algoma District, Ontario}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {027-038}, author = {K.~C.~A.~Dawson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9430, title = {Investigations at Wapisu Lake 1972 to 1976}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {118-119}, editor = {Kenneth C.A. Dawson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9092, title = {The Armstrong mound on Rainy River}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {176-177}, editor = {K.C.A. Dawson} } @article {9558, title = {Northwestern Ontario and the Early Contact Period: the Northern Ojibwa from 1615{\textendash}1715}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {143-180}, abstract = {

This paper presents an interpretation of the historical and archaeological records for northwestern Ontario using the territorial ethnicity approach to establish the population composition at the time of contact (A.D. 1615-1715). The population is estimated to have been 98.6\% Algonquian speakers of which 68.1\% were northern Ojibwa, 16\% were other cognate groups and 14.5 were Cree.

}, author = {Kenneth C.A. Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10546, title = {Good Fences Make Good Neighbours Understanding the Spatial Logic of Hunter-Gatherer Residence Patterning}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Over the past several decades, the spatial organization of hunter-gatherer sites has been a subject of immense interest to many archaeologists. Differing economic strategies (communal versus individual hunting, gathering, processing) are often presented as determining how living space is organized within hunter-gatherer sites. In addition, social factors like intra-household sharing, and relatedness, have also been suggested as determinants for residence arrangement and spacing. The notion by Yellen (1977) and Whitelaw (1983) that hunter-gatherers map their economic and social relations in space suggests that groups characterized by dissimilar economic and social relations might organize space in distinctive ways. This idea is pursued via the recent analysis of site plans associated with three hunter-gatherer groups characterized by differing economic and social relations; the prehistoric Thule of the eastern and central Canadian Arctic, the Dobe! Kung of the western Kalahari, and the Tyua of the eastern Kalahari. The residence patterns of each group are analyzed using network analysis, and the results presented.}, author = {Dawson, Peter} } @Conference Paper {10550, title = {Historic Populations of Northwestern Ontario}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The paper examines the ethnohistoric references to the indigenous people resident in northwestern Ontario at the time of contact with particular reference to the question of the presence of Assiniboine. Early maps and records are reviewed and the results of the recent extensive archaeological records are introduced, concluding that the area has seen an unbroken occupation by Algonkian speaking peoples with only transitory appearances of Assiniboines in the historic period.}, author = {K.C.A. Dawson} } @article {9657, title = {The Nyman site. A seventeenth century Algonkian camp on the north shore of Lake Superior with Appendix A: Faunal analysis by James A. Burns}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {001-059}, author = {K.A.C.~Dawson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9202, title = {Through Darkening Spectacles: Memoirs of Diamond Jenness}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {273-276}, editor = {Dawson, Peter} } @Conference Paper {10545, title = {Re-defining the Northern Limits of the Devils Lake-Sourisford Burial Complex: New Evidence from The Pas, Manitoba}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The Devils Lake-Sourisford Burial Complex is associated with nomadic Siouxian peoples of the Northeastern Plains who, between AD 900 and 1400, moved seasonally between the Plains and Aspen Parkland in pursuit of bison. Devils Lake-Sourisford peoples were heavily influenced by cultural developments of the Mississippian Climax. Small ceramic mortuary vessels decorated with spiral incisions and socio-religious motifs are considered by Syms (1979) to be a characteristic of this complex. The geographical distribution of the Devils Lake-Sourisford Burial Complex is concentrated near Devils Lake, North Dakota and the Sourisford locality of Southwestern Manitoba. However, recent archaeological survey work on the Saskatchewan river near The Pas, Manitoba, revealed the presence of Devils Lake-Sourisford spiral-incised pottery. This paper outlines the results of the 1999 survey, and discusses the significance of this occurrence for re-defining the northern limits of the Devils Lake-Sourisford Burial Complex in Manitoba.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C. and A. Kate Peach} } @Conference Paper {10549, title = {Interpreting Variability in Thule Inuit Architecture: A Case Study From The Canadian High Arctic}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The semi-subterranean whale bone house is one of the most recognizable aspects of Thule Inuit culture. These impressive and often enigmatic dwellings are found throughout the Eastern Canadian Arctic and Greenland, from AD. 1000 to the Historic Period. Variability in the architectural properties of semi-subterranean house forms have traditionally been used by archaeologists to infer cultural and historical relationships between regions, and establish seasonal and/or functional distinctions in usage. A statistical analysis of 17 semi-subterranean houses from a Thule site in the Canadian High Arctic, however, reveals architectural variability which reflects the use of two distinctive building strategies. Results indicate that these two strategies represent attempts by Thule builders to accommodate 1) fluctuations in the availability of key building materials, and 2) differences in anticipated group mobility.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C.} } @Conference Paper {10544, title = {Houses from Heaven: The Transformation of the Traditional Inuit Household Through Euro-Canadian Architecture / {\textquoteright}Un toit tomb{\'e} du ciel\&$\#$039}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeologists frequently utilize ethnographic analogies in their interpretations of prehistoric households. Rarely, however, are analogies derived from the archaeological record used to interpret contemporary aboriginal households. In the 1950{\textquoteright}s, the Canadian Government attempted to assimilate Inuit families into a broader Canadian economic and social reality through the introduction of family allowance, health care, education, and housing programs. The Euro-Canadian prefabricated houses constructed in many arctic communities, for example, were designed around the concept of the nuclear family, which had emerged after the Second World War as a dominant socioeconomic form in southern Canada. When such houses were first introduced into the Canadian Arctic, however, the extended family still functioned as a basic socioeconomic unit of production in Inuit society; a fact that is reflected in the spatial organization of many traditional Inuit dwellings. In this paper, I use archaeological and ethnoarchaeological data to argue that Euro-Canadian house designs and housing programs effectively undermined the solidarity of the traditional Inuit extended family, and fostered the ascendancy of the nuclear family, a household form favored by the Canadian Government for administrative purposes.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C.} } @Conference Paper {10553, title = {Umiujuq: The Discovery of a Possible Umiaq on the Southwestern Coast of Hudson Bay, Nunavut.}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Recent archaeological excavations carried out on the southwestern coast of Hudson Bay have resulted in the discovery of what may be the keel section (keelson) from a 7.3 meter long watercraft, possibly an umiaq. Umiaqs were large skin boats with open decks that were used for transportation and sea mammal hunting throughout the Arctic. What makes this find particularly significant is that while historic and ethnographic accounts indicate that kayaks (qayaqs) were widely used, umiaqs were not recorded for Inuit groups occupying this region, and not recalled by informants living in this century. There are, however, limited accounts by explorers who observed open-decked boats that might be umiaqs as late as the 18th century. Although the accuracy of these accounts has been questioned, the recent discovery of at least one stone umiaq stand at an archaeological site on the Maguse river during the summer of 2003 provides additional evidence for the use of umiaqs in this area. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of the possible umiaq part with reference to other circumpolar umiaq designs and construction techniques. In addition, we discuss the wider significance of this find for understanding the development of Caribou Inuit culture in this region.}, author = {DAWSON, Peter C. and Matthew D. Walls} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9094, title = {Studies In Manitoba Rock Art I: Petroforms}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {180-181}, editor = {K.C.A. Dawson} } @Conference Paper {10548, title = {Moving Beyond the Social Logic of Space: Recent Advances in Space Syntax Research and their Relevance to Archaeology}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Space syntax is a theoretical approach for understanding how the structure of {\textquoteright}inhabited space{\textquoteright} (buildings, settlements) shapes and is shaped by patterns of human movement and social interaction. Archaeologists have been attracted to space syntax analysis because it provides a methodology for examining how human societies use space as an essential resource in organizing people and their activities. These methods involve mathematical and graph-based techniques that allow the researcher to describe, compare, and analyze the spatial configuration of houses, towns, and cities. The majority of archaeologists using space syntax analysis have tended to rely on theories and techniques developed over 20 years ago in the book "The Social Logic of Space" by Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson. However, many significant advances in space syntax theory and computer software have occurred since this time. The purpose of this paper is to review these developments and suggest ways that they can be used in the spatial analysis of archaeological data sets.}, author = {Dawson, Peter and Jeffrey Seibert} } @Conference Paper {10307, title = {Public Programming from the University of Calgary Archaeology Interpretive Centre at Fish Creek Provincial Park}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {With over 80 identified precontact and historic archaeological sites, Fish Creek Provincial Park, one of Canada{\textquoteright}s largest urban parks, provides rich evidence of more than 8,500 years of human use. The University of Calgary Archaeology Interpretive Centre at Fish Creek Provincial Park is an educational facility operated by the University of Calgary in cooperation with Alberta Community Development. The centre addresses First Nations and early European use and settlement of the Fish Creek area. From this facility, the University of Calgary conducts interactive, hands-on public archaeology programs. Cooperative research and learning projects, involving members of the University and local and regional communities, help define Alberta{\textquoteright}s archaeological past, with the goal of protecting archaeological resources for the future. Included are a public excavation program, a year-round school archaeology outreach program, and a growing volunteer program. This paper examines the history of the project at Fish Creek, its objectives, development, and goals for program expansion.}, author = {de Caen, Susan and Boland, Dale Elizabeth} } @Conference Paper {10932, title = {The Lenape Meadow Excavations in Basking Ridge, N.J.}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {In 1995 excavation began at the Lenape Meadow site in Basking Ridge, NJ; conducted as an archaeological field school open to the general public through the Somerset County Parks Commission and directed by Dr. Alan Cooper. This site consists of a historical component, the cabin of Lord Stirling (a resident of the area in the 18th century), and a prehistoric component. Excavation thus far has focussed on the latter, which dates primarily to the Late Archaic/Early Woodland periods. This presentation will describe the prehistoric findings from this ongoing project of an intact site on the edge of the Great Swamp.}, author = {de Gruchy, Michelle} } @Conference Paper {10561, title = {Archaeology and Community Outreach in Rural Nova Scotia}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Scots Bay Archaeological Project involves field work and community outreach in the Minas Basin area of central Nova Scotia. The focus of the field work component is the excavation of three prehistoric sites involved in the local lithic industry; a quarry site at Davidson Cove, a workshop/habitation site at Clam Cove and a living site in the present village of Scots Bay. The major goals of the field work are (1) to determine how long the lithic sources at Scots Bay were being exploited and by whom and (2) to increase our understanding of the processes of lithic quarrying, processing and distribution in this region. The outreach component of the project introduces the archaeological project to the local community through informal presentations, workshops, on-site visits, and opportunities for volunteering. The provincial government has recently purchased the point of land beyond the community (Cape Split) and is planning to expand an existing system of hiking trails in order to promote tourism in the area. Since Clam Cove and other sties are located on this cape, we are also exploring the potential for archaeological tourism.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10556, title = {BEOTHUK PALAEOETHNOBOTANY: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {At present very little is known about Beothuk plant use. The best potential source of new information is through palaeoethnobotanical research. Since 1990, MUN students have been examining plant remains recovered from Beothuk components at Deer Lake Beach (BhDi-6), Boyd{\textquoteright}s Cove (DiAp-3) and Ferryland (CgAf-2). In the summer of 1995, hearth features in Beothuk housepits at the Beaches site (DeAk-4-1), Trinity Bay, were systematically sampled for palaeoethnobotanical study. This paper focuses on the objectives and results of the Beaches Project, updates our current knowledge of Beothuk plant use and relates the known distribution of Beothuk archaeological sites to recognized ecological regions on the island of Newfoundland.}, author = {Michael Deal and Aaron BUTT} } @article {13187, title = {Archaeology and the Meanderings of the Annapolis River: A View from the Boswell Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {052-099}, abstract = {

Boswell (BfDf-08) is the first precontact archaeological site to be excavated along the Annapolis River, in north-central Nova Scotia. Therefore, it is the baseline for our understanding of former Indigenous occupation for this entire drainage system. Thus far, the site has revealed a cultural sequence beginning with the Transitional (or Terminal) Archaic (ca.\ 4100{\textendash}2700\ BP), followed by Middle and Late Woodland (ca.\ 2500{\textendash}1500\ BP) occupations. Subsistence activities at the site included fishing, hunting of beaver and birds, and the collection of edible berries and nuts. The deeply stratified sediments at the site give an indication of why so few sites and private collections have been recorded along the Annapolis River. Based on the Boswell excavation, the authors recommend a new strategy for future archaeological work in this understudied part of the province.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.52}, author = {Michael Deal and John Campbell and Bryn Tapper} } @Conference Paper {10560, title = {Recherche en pal{\'e}oethnobotanique {\`a} Port au Choix}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10555, title = {THE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF NOVA SCOTLAN ARCHAIC SITES AND MATERIALS: A RE-EXAMINATION}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {While the Palaeo-Indian period of Nova Scotia is well established in the archaeological literature, surprisingly little has been written concerning the Archaic period. No Archaic sites have been excavated by professional archaeologists, and the few references that are made to this period focus on the lack of Early and Middle Archaic sites in the entire Maine/Maritimes region. The latter is usually attributed to the drowning of coastal sites due to rising sea-levels and/or environmental constraints on human occupation. Most other references consist of vague statements confirming the discovery of Laurentian or Maritime Archaic artifacts in Nova Scotia, which merely obscure the fact that there is a wealth of undocumented Archaic materials in public and private collections that are from known sites. The authors are currently compiling a comprehensive inventory of these materials for future study. Although this work is still in progress, some initial observations are presented in this paper in the form of a re-assessment of the distribution of Archaic sites and cultural affiliations of Nova Scotia{\textquoteright}s Archaic peoples.}, author = {Michael Deal and Douglas E. Rutherford} } @Conference Paper {10559, title = {Current Research in Beothuk Paleoethnobotany}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Ongoing paleoethnobotanical research is providing new insights into Beothuk plant use and early Beothuk-European relations. This paper reports on plant remains recovered from Beothuk components at five sites across Newfoundland. In particular, charred grape seeds from Ferryland (CgAf-2) and Russell{\textquoteright}s Point (CiAj-1), Trinity Bay, suggest friendly contact between the Beothuk and Europeans on the Avalon Peninsula during the early 17th century.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10554, title = {Tzeltal Maya disposal behaviour and the archaeological record: an ethnoarchaeological perspective}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {It is generally conceded that the archaeologist most often works with artifacts known only by their discard locations, and that from this he must interpret relationships between these artifacts and features, as well as identify the presence or absence (and intensity) of any activities he believes to have been carried on at the site. Using one artifact class as an example, namely pottery, various modes of refuse disposal and abandonment are discussed in the context of Tzeltal Maya households. The distributional patterns of pottery and other durable remains resulting from discard behaviour are outlined. The reuse, or the more infrequent lack of reuse, of buildings before a house-site is abandoned and post-abandonment activities are identified as major factors affecting the final distribution of pottery fragments before the house-site enters the archaeological record, under most conditions.}, author = {Deal, M.} } @Conference Paper {10558, title = {Scots Bay Chalcedony: Its Distribution and Exploitation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Scots Bay, on the Blomidon Peninsula, Nova Scotia, has often been cited in the archaeological literature as a major chalcedony source in the Maine-Maritimes region. However, despite a long-standing interest by geologists, no extensive survey was undertaken in the area until 1988. This paper focuses on the nature, distribution and prehistoric exploitation of Scots Bay chalcedony. Further, results of a preliminary investigation at a major quarry-workshop site at Davidson Cove are presented.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10557, title = {Re-thinking Land and Resource Use in the Maritime Provinces for the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Periods}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaeological information on aboriginal resource use and transportation routes for the late prehistoric and early contact periods in the Maritime Provinces is used to re-assess current settlement and subsistence models. Emphasis is placed on the distribution of key resources, including flora, fauna, lithics, clay, and copper. The effects of variable access to specific resources on settlement and subsistence strategies is considered, and a more flexible and dynamic model is presented for the region.}, author = {Michael Deal} } @Conference Paper {10562, title = {Place-Royale, Qu{\'e}bec : diffusion des {\'e}tudes r{\'e}alis{\'e}es pour l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation du site}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {En 1990, le minist{\'e}re des Affaires culturelles du Qu{\'e}bec entreprend la publication de toutes les {\'e}tudes r{\'e}alis{\'e}es dans le cadre du programme de recherche en histoire et en arch{\'e}ologie, lequel fut {\'e}labor{\'e} au d{\'e}but des ann{\'e}es {\textquoteright}80 pour l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation du site de Place Royale. Une vingtaine d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tudes sp{\'e}cialis{\'e}es illustrent diff{\'e}rents th{\'e}mes et ph{\'e}nom{\'e}nes privil{\'e}gi{\'e}s pour l{\textquoteright}interpr{\'e}tation tels que l{\textquoteright}occupation pr{\'e}historique, l{\textquoteright}implantation du premier {\'e}tablissement fran{\c c}ais, l{\textquoteright}adaptation au nouvel environnement, l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution du b{\^a}ti en milieu urbain, la diversit{\'e} des activit{\'e}s commerciales, la d{\'e}mographie, l{\textquoteright}organisation sociale et les modes de vie des r{\'e}sidents. Quinze {\'e}tudes ont {\'e}t{\'e} publi{\'e}es {\`a} ce jour dans la collection Patrimoines par les Publications du Qu{\'e}bec, les autres le seront au cours de la prochaine ann{\'e}e, rendant ainsi accessible au public l{\textquoteright}ensemble des recherches.}, author = {D{\'e}carie, Louise} } @Conference Paper {10563, title = {Public Archaeology at the Healing Site}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In 2003, the Manitoba Archaeological Society sponsored a Public Archaeology Project at the Healing Site along the Red River north of Selkirk, Manitoba. The public participation component offered Youth from the Behavioural Health Foundation and the public an opportunity to excavate or work in the field laboratory. This presentation will provide an overview of the archival research that was used in conjunction with the archaeological investigations to reveal an undisturbed multi-component site, as well as the benefits of involving the community in the project.}, author = {Deck, Donalee} } @Conference Paper {10943, title = {Forensic Facial Reconstruction}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Facial reconstruction is a procedure used by forensic anthropologists as a method of determining the likely physical features of unidentified decedents. It is also used in the reconstruction of likely physical attributes of extinct hominids and for historical purposes. The step-by-step procedure of reconstructing a standardized Caucasian male skull was photographically documented. In this presentation, the process and outcome, as well as, the background and scientific significance of facial reconstruction and its relevance to anthropology are discussed.}, author = {Haentjens Dekker, Vanessa} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12179, title = {Assemblage Theory}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {118-121}, editor = {Paulina Scheck} } @Conference Paper {9942, title = {Archaeology for Five to Eight Year Olds: Citizenship and Problem Solving in the Primary Schools}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Two Elementary School Teachers, a School Administrator and an Emeritus Professor describe a University of Calgary sponsored Archaeology Program for the Schools. Outstanding Archaeology Undergraduate Students work with Teachers to provide authentic experiences in Archaeology. Teachers and Archaeology Students cooperate in the planning and presenting of learning experiences. In particular, two projects with five to eight year olds are described to show how even young children can begin to understand what the science of Archaeology is about; why it{\textquoteright}s so important to preserve Archaeological sites; and how the study of Western Canadian Aboriginal sites can contribute to children{\textquoteright}s historical and cultural understandings.}, author = {deLeeuw, Gary and Sue Crocker and Louise Dougherty and Edie Hemstock} } @Conference Paper {10564, title = {The National Park Service and Maritime Archaeology in the United States}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The National Park Service is the primary federal agency responsible for the preservation and interpretation of America{\textquoteright}s cultural, natural, and scenic resources. While the NPS has been involved with underwater and maritime archaeological projects since the 1930{\textquoteright}s, a comprehensive maritime archaeological program has been in place only since 1980. T{\textquoteright}his paper discusses NPS work in the field since 1980, including work in and outside of National Parks. The NPS role in drafting guidelines for state management of historic shipwrecks as required by recent Federal legislation, a Nationwide inventory of historic maritime resources, and a new NPS policy urging international cooperation in shipwreck preservation and research will be emphasized.}, author = {Delgado, James P.} } @Conference Paper {10565, title = {Archaeology and the Development of Irish National Identities}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper considers how archaeology and archaeologists contributed to the development of Irish national identities in what was to become Northern Ireland and the republic of Ireland. By reconsidering how turn-of-the-century archaeologists interpreted ancient monuments, this paper will suggest how modern political and social boundaries have been shaped and legitimated by extending them into the mists of prehistory. In doing so I will examine the relationship between political institutions and archaeological institutions, including museums, universities, periodicals and avocational societies.}, author = {DELLE, James A.} } @Conference Paper {10566, title = {Feature $\#$1 at the Crowfield Palaeoindian Site, Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Crowfield site near London, Ontario, excavated in the 1980s, is a small typical Palaeoindian campsite except for the presence of a plough-truncated pit feature associated with thousands of pieces of at least 182 functional, but purposefully burned and destroyed, stone artifacts. This paper reports on the spatial distribution of artifact pieces within the feature. Plotting of individual tool classes reveals that they are not randomly distributed. These data indicate that some tool classes we recognize match the conceptions of the Palaeoindian peoples themselves, show the material was sorted and carefully placed in the feature, supports the idea the items were burned where found, suggests that it is more likely the items represent an individual{\textquoteright}s tool kit rather than contributions from several individuals, and for the first time provides direct evidence that Palaeoindians transported their tool kits around sorted into types used for different purposes.}, author = {D. Brian Deller and Chris J. Ellis and James R. Keron} } @Conference Paper {10568, title = {A Late Paleoindian Ritual Tool Deposit from the Caradoc Site (AfHj-104), Southwestern Ontario Investigations were undertaken at the Caradoc site in 19}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, author = {D. Brian Deller and Chris J. Ellis} } @Conference Paper {10567, title = {Le site pal{\'e}oindien de Crowfield (AfHj-31)}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {D. Brian Deller and Christopher Ellis and Roger King} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9258, title = {Understanding the Archaeological Record}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {334-337}, editor = {R. Carl DeMuth} } @Conference Paper {10569, title = {Unearthing the Law: New Directions in Archaeology and the Law}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {A comparative analysis of archaeological legislation discloses many common features, but also some discrepancies. This presentation will focus on the question of where archaeological legislation is likely to go next.}, author = {Denhez, Marc} } @Conference Paper {10570, title = {Reflecting on the Looking Glass: An Exploration of Ancient Maya Mirrors beyond the Southeast Periphery}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Maya iron ore {\textquoteright}mirrors{\textquoteright} are known from both primary archaeological contexts and their iconographic representation on various artistic media, especially ceramics, in the Late Classic and Postclassic periods. It is generally accepted that these mirrors served as elite status items; typically the personal effects of Maya lords and nobles. Several hypotheses are introduced and examined in an effort to understand why these symbolically-charged elite status items occur in regions beyond the Maya southeast periphery. Exploratory frameworks focus on diachronically shifting socio-political power structure(s) and socioeconomic restructuring as potential explanations for the occurrence of Maya mirror in Lower Central America.}, author = {Carrie Dennett and Marc G. Blainey} } @article {9561, title = {Canadian Institutions and Lower Central American Archaeology: An Historical Overview of Research along the Southern Mesoamerican Periphery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {51-66}, abstract = {

Canadian universities have played an important role in the founding and development of archaeological programs in lower Central America, especially with regard to the geocultural interface that exists at the southern periphery of Mesoamerica. These developments range from the establishment of basic culture history to more nuanced theoretical inquiries, particularly relating to concepts of social identity and ethnic affiliation. This paper presents a brief overview of the major contributions made by Canadian institutions and their affiliated researchers, with a focus on significant pioneering advances achieved in northeast Honduras, El Salvador, and Pacific Nicaragua.

}, author = {Carrie L. Dennett and Geoffrey G. McCafferty} } @Conference Paper {10571, title = {Preliminary Assessment of Ceramic Composition from the Sapoa Period (800-1250 CE), Pacific Nicaraguan}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Compositional Analysis is a key factor in recognizing the "recipe" of ceramic ware and inclusions, which can inform on such factors as resource procurement, patterns of redistribution, and production techniques ("chaine operatoire"). Previous studies from Pacific Nicaragua have utilized Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), though on limited scales. This paper will re-examine pottery samples excavated at the Santa Isabel site, in the Department of Rivas, including both petrographic and additional XRD analysis. Results will be used to evaluate questions of specialization, since a previous study using only XRD suggested possible distinctions in clay recipes between types and, in the case of monochrome utilitarian types, even between vessel forms.}, author = {Carrie L. Dennett and Geoffrey G. McCafferty and Paul W.O. Hoskin} } @Conference Paper {10573, title = {Local Pasts in a Global Present}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {As truly global communities of indigenous peoples, archaeologists, heritage professionals, and legislators emerge, conversations about archaeological heritage and what to do with it are becoming considerably more complex. Some things haven{\textquoteright}t changed in principle: for example, the accomodation of multiple voices about the past is still challenging, and uses of the archaeological record are frequently contestable. But there are new developments worthy of note, and of vigilance, because they amplify the challenges to multivocality and fairness in heritage matters. Two angles will be discussed. First: generally speaking, heritage management and archaeological practice are increasingly affected by economic and political processes of globalization. Second, and more specifically: as the concept of the "common heritage of humankind" gains greater influence, its uses in practice and in argument are diversifying. In both cases, even when intentions are benevolent, results may not be positive for everyone. Care is required to ensure that global ideologies do not take precedence over local needs.}, author = {Denning, Kathryn} } @Conference Paper {10572, title = {I . . .am Can . . . didly in favour of pragmatic eclecticism}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Theory in archaeology is a mixed blessing to begin with; pragmatically mixing it a bit more does little harm in itself, and can certainly beat dogmatic adherence to theoretical programs of dubious relevance. (This holds especially when those theoretical programs are originally someone else{\textquoteright}s eclecticism anyway, custom-tailored to their specific historical circumstances.) But what are our best ingredients? For an Ontarian to discuss Canadian archaeology or a Canadian perspective as a monolithic entity at a national conference in Alberta is to invite a referendum. Instead, I will suggest that the general condition of being Canadian or, perhaps, Being in Canada can contribute in special ways to archaeological endeavours both at home and abroad. Our status as a country simultaneously colonial and post-colonial, our high immigration rate and multiculturalism, and distinctive policies in education and resource protection, make Being in Canada different from being in some countries which have produced more prominent archaeological theory.}, author = {Denning, Kathryn} } @Conference Paper {10574, title = {A Tahltan View of the Oral History and Archaeology of Mount Edziza}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {In this paper the authors will examine the picture of Tahltan culture history presented in the archaeological literature pertaining to Mt.Edziza and the surrounding territory and compare that with the Tahltan perspective of their past derived from oral narratives and other cultural knowledge. Two issues in particular will be discussed. One issue regards the prevalent view in the anthropological (archaeological and cultural) literature of the late arrival of the Dene peoples, including the Tahltan, in their present territories. The other related issue regards the direction of coastal-interior cultural influence. Both of these issues will be considered in light of the general neglect of traditional knowledge and aboriginal perspective in anthropological literature.}, author = {DENNIS, Oscar, and Heather HARRIS and Kispiox Gitxsan Nation} } @Conference Paper {10575, title = {Symmetry analysis of ceramic designs and Iroquoian-Algonquian interactions}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Preliminary data from three cases of Iroquoian influence upon adjacent groups are examined. In all three cases, the preferred symmetries in forming decorative bands on pots change in the direction of Iroquoian norms. In the first case, among Western Basin peoples, designs having typical Iroquoian symmetries become admixed with local designs showing other symmetry processes. In the second case, Shenks Ferry people are seen to shift after AD 1300 from symmetry preferences typical of Algonquian groups to Iroquoian symmetries. In the third case, Algonquians in the Connecticut valley show varied efforts to adopt Iroquoian symmetries. Questions of ethnicity are discussed for all three cases, within a culture history framework.}, author = {Denny, J. Peter} } @Conference Paper {10576, title = {The Entry of Algonquian Language into the Boreal Forest}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Algonquian languages seem to have moved into the boreal forest on three occasions. The earliest is the spread of Cree, carried by Laurel culture, from a prior position northwest of Lake Michigan around both ends of Lake Superior starting around 100 B.C. The second entry occurred about A.D. 1 in the southcentral Quebec peninsula. It was heralded by the Middlesex complex, the carrier of Eastern Algonquian, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence and penetrated far inland at the Caniapiscau site (GcEl-1) which seems to be Middlesex related. This may be the founding group for Daniel Rattle/Point Revenge on the Labrador coast - Daniel Rattle also shows Middlesex connections. Beothuk or a related language may have been the form of Eastern Algonquian spoken. The third entry was the spread of Ojibway north around the east end of Lake Superior, in the form of Blackduck, occurring after A.D. 700. More southerly boreal forest groups switched language to Ojibway and more northerly ones spread west and east. In the Quebec peninsula East Cree/Naskapi dialects of Cree seem to arrive at Caniapiscau about A.D. 1200.}, author = {Denny, J. Peter} } @article {12168, title = {Conceptual Boxes and Political Borders: Considering Provincial and Territorial Archaeological Site Inventories}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

Originating with the systematic analysis of Canada{\textquoteright}s eleven regional archaeological site inventory forms, this paper examines the types of information these forms collect and the inventories that aggregate this information. Identifying thematic groupings of data, analysis proceeds to narrow its focus on the culture-historical elements of site forms. Common terminologies are represented cross-jurisdictionally seguing into a discussion of the Taltheilei Tradition and its representation in six provincial and territorial inventories. The Taltheilei example draws out issues with historic and contemporary site inventory management such as the impact of changing terminologies and inconsistent data types but also speaks to the potential of inventories to inform {\textquotedblleft}big data{\textquotedblright} analyses of inter-jurisdictional site information. The development of one such analytical tool, the Canadian Archeological Inventory Survey Tool (CAIST), is presented in detail. In concluding, the paper explores the promise and perils of future archaeological site inventory management.

}, author = {Joshua Dent} } @article {12567, title = {Community-Sourced Archaeology and Relinquishing the Inception of Research}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {048-065}, abstract = {

Is archaeology of service beyond archaeologists? Part of a Mitacs Elevate Postdoctoral Fellowship developed in conjunction with Sustainable Archaeology at Western University and Timmins Martelle Heritage Consultants Inc., the Research Portal (www.insituated.com/research-portal) is a web-based platform capable of soliciting and communicating community-sourced research to potential academic partners. Designed to augment local capacities, foster relationships, and achieve socially meaningful and disseminated academic outcomes, the Portal inverts conventional community-based research conception. Non-academic organizations outline research objectives to which academic partners adapt or design research. Originally conceived to assist commercial archaeologists in promoting additional research related to commercial projects, the Portal{\textquoteright}s pilot implementation quickly expanded to include other heritage communities, including Indigenous communities, not-for-profits, and a municipal government. Demand for the inclusion of additional research sectors outside of heritage suggests that this archaeology-based initiative may have wider implications. This paper explores representations of conventional collaboration, and the presumptions and promise of a more service-oriented and community-driven academic mandate.

}, author = {Joshua Dent} } @Conference Paper {10579, title = {Variation in the size of prehistoric co-residential groups in the eastern sub-arctic: evidence from the central-interior of Quebec-Labrador}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recently collected archaeological data relating to prehistoric habitation size in the central-interior of Quebec-Labrador are employed in an attempt to describe variation in size of aboriginal co-residential groups. Ethnographic conceptions of aboriginal social organization and settlement patterns are examined in light of this analysis. The potential of archaeological data to address these questions of prehistoric social organisation in the subarctic as well as the difficulties involved are discussed.}, author = {Denton, D.} } @Conference Paper {10578, title = {The Nataawaau Bones: Cree Oral Tradition and Post-European Contact Archaeology in Subarctic Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {There is a vast potential for developing an archaeology that integrates indigenous traditions and perspectives as well as dangers and contradictions inherent in trying to bring together two fundamentally different ways of seeing the world and understanding the past. This paper will discuss both these aspects using examples from the Cree archaeology of the post European contact period in subarctic Qu{\'e}bec. Examples will be taken from recent research conducted within the Cree Heritage and the Land Program of the Cree Regional Authority. The program has emphasized both archaeology and the collection of Cree traditions (stories, legends, place names) relating to places within the Qu{\'e}bec Cree territories.}, author = {David Denton} } @Conference Paper {10582, title = {Matawaasis: An Historic Beluga Whale Hunting Site in Southeastern Hudson Bay}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper reports on a recent archaeological evaluation of the Matawaasis (GhGk-1) site, located at the mouth of the Great Whale River, in southeastern Hudson Bay. The project resulted in the recording of over 350 surface structures and the testing of a sample of these structures. Included are circular earthen tent rings, elongated house structures and canoe building platforms, most dating to the 18th and 19th centuries. Read in association with Cree oral tradition and documentary history, these finds permit some initial statements regarding the significance of beluga whale hunting for northern Crees during the historic period.}, author = {David Denton} } @Conference Paper {10577, title = {Les Mistassins and the circulation of Mistassini quartzite from the Colline Blanche in central Quebec}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For as long as 5000 years preceding European contact, natives were involved in the long-distance circulation of Mistassini quartzite obtained at the Colline Blanche, on the Temiscamie River in central Quebec. This paper focuses on the most recent period, from about 1300 years ago until the disruption or reorientation of trade networks in the 17th century AD. The potential role of the {\textquoteright}Mistassins,{\textquoteright} local residents referred to in 17th and 18th century Jesuit documents, in the production of this stone for trade is examined, based on recent archaeological excavations at several sites in the general area of the source. The paper presents information on the organization and logistics of this production, and discusses questions of local use and control of this resource by {\textquoteright}les Mistassins.{\textquoteright}}, author = {David Denton and PINTAL, Jean-Yves} } @Conference Paper {10581, title = {LARGE-SCALE RESOURCE EXPLOITATION, ARCHAEOLOGY AND ABORIGINAL INTERESTS IN QUEBEC}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The paper reviews the relationship between aboriginal groups, government and developers with respect to archaeology, both in the context of the James Bay hydro project and in more recent mining and forestry operations. Positive and negative aspects of some alternative models for involvement of First Nations in such archaeological projects will be discussed. While the cases discussed in the paper centre on the Cree, examples from other native groups in Quebec will also be examined.}, author = {David Denton} } @article {9562, title = {A Preliminary Statement on the Prehistoric Utilization of Chert Deposits Near Schefferville, Nouveau-Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {137-152}, abstract = {

During the summer of 1984 the authors undertook a short archaeologica survey to confirm the presence of high quality chert in the Schefferville area, and to determine if this resource was exploited in prehistoric times. Two quarry sites with associated workshop locales were discovered. The artifacts and debitage surface collected from the sites represent all stages of biface production. Also recovered was a group of finished tools, in part manufactured from lithic raw materials other than the chert found in situ This may be a curated tool kit left at the quarry when fresh tools were manufactured. The possibility that the Schefferville area is the source of some of the cherts found on archaeological sites in other parts of northern Quebec is discussed, as is the significance of lithic procurement, reduction and transport studies to our understanding of northern Quebec prehistory.

}, author = {David Denton and Moira McCaffrey} } @Conference Paper {10580, title = {WHAT IS IN A NAME? CREE PLACE NAMES AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN SUBARCTIC QUEBEC}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A toponymic survey was recently conducted in the Whapmagoostui (Great Whale) area of northern Quebec. Over 3,000 names were collected. It is shown that these Cree place names encode a number of different kinds of environmental land-use, and historic information, some of which could be useful to archaeologists. It is suggested that systematic, regional place name surveys can be a useful departure point for developing research strategies and interpreting site date. Various types of Cree place names, from geomorphological and vegetational descriptions to those with mythological referents are discussed, both in terms of their practical functions and in terms of Cree ideology and world view. The possible archaeological implications of different types of names are discussed.}, author = {David Denton} } @Conference Paper {10583, title = {Late Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic Manifestations in West-Central Ohio and Possible Ontario Connections}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {This paper will briefly describe some Late PaleoIndian and Early Archaic manifestations in west-central Ohio as evidenced by diagnostic lithic finds. Distribution of such Phases (complexes) as Barnes, Gainey, and Hi-Lo in west-central Ohio and adjacent areas in Indiana will be examined. Also, possible connections with Ontario for raw chert will be postulated. Early Archaic Kirk, Thebes, and Bifurcate Traditions will also be described for the west-central Ohio area. Settlement patterns and differential site functions will be briefly explored for both the Late Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic manifestations.}, author = {DeRegnaucourt,Tony} } @article {12921, title = {Emergent Ceramics and Identity at the Fifteenth-Century Iroquoian Keffer Village}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {181-201}, abstract = {

The recent interpretation of ceramic types as fluid and relational (Fowler 2017) has facilitated their use in the exploration of relational identity. In this study, ceramics from the fifteenth-century southern Ontario Iroquoian Keffer (AkGv-14) village are employed in the exploration of matrilineal, matrilocal household self-identification as seen through ceramic communities of practice. The Keffer assemblage is separated into two categories; local tradition ceramics which I suggest represent genealogies of family practice, and non-local tradition pottery, which I propose communicates contemporary relations and long distance interaction. In addition, a new, third category of ceramics is proposed {\textquotedblleft}emergent vessels.{\textquotedblright} Emergent ceramics are materialized in two separate and distinct vessel forms in the collection, the Everted Lip and North Shore Durfee Underlined. Their sudden and geographically restricted materialization reflects the equally sudden appearance of newly emergent facets of the polyvalent identities of potting communities as seen at Keffer and other north shore sites. The short-term production and use of these emergent ceramics attests to the quickly diminishing importance of these new emergent aspects of identity while the ceramics of the latest village occupations verify the endurance and gradual transformation of those facets of identity tied to family genealogy and long distance interaction.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.181}, author = {Susan Dermarkar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9224, title = {Painting the Past with a Broad Brush: Papers in Honour of James Valliere Wright}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {175-178}, editor = {Susan Dermarkar} } @article {9563, title = {Anthropogenic Fire and Landscape Management on Valdes Island, Southwestern BC}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {250-279}, abstract = {

Precontact peoples of the Salish Sea inhabited and exploited environments of resource abundance. Recent research suggests that the production of a diversity of animal and plants, rather than a single resource (i.e., salmon), supported the complex lifeways of Northwest Coast peoples. While salmon played a critical role, it is important to consider multiple lines of evidence to properly characterize subsistence practices, intensification, and, ultimately, social change. One important and understudied area is the intensification and management of terrestrial, particularly plant, resources. This paper presents data relating to the use of fire as a tool to shape landscapes and increase their productivity at the Shingle Point site (DgRv-002) on Valdes Island, southwestern British Columbia. Charcoal records from this location are used to reconstruct burning practices and explore the role of anthropogenic fire as a mechanism of social change over the last five millennia. These methods and data provide a means to rethink and expand investigations into the emergence of social complexity in the Salish Sea.

}, author = {Kelly M. Derr} } @Conference Paper {10584, title = {Two-Dimensional Scaling of Dissimilarity of Several {\textquoteright}Denali Complex{\textquoteright} Sites in Interior Alaska}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper deals with the analysis of inter-assemblage variation among a series of sites in interior Alaska, all of which seem to contain certain {\textquoteright}key{\textquoteright} elements of the so-called {\textquoteright}Denali Complex.{\textquoteright} Variability among the sites is discussed in light of the application of a Pythagorean scaling model to the data. It is suggested that the sites represent varying structural poses of a broad adaptive system. It is further suggested that the original definition of {\textquoteright}Denali{\textquoteright} is inadequate on several grounds and its continued use in interior Alaska has become counter-productive.}, author = {Derry, D.E.} } @Conference Paper {10585, title = {Assigning Hearth Function through Paleoethnobotany}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In the northern Dene community of Patuanak hearths are not re-used for different purposes. Instead, hearths are used for one very specific task such as cooking, making drying meat, or smoking hides. Through ethnoarchaeological research in Patuanak, archeological signatures have been identified that will allow archaeologists to assign function to hearths. Focusing mainly on plant remains, this paper explores how innovative paleobotanical techniques will allow archaeologists to assign function and even ethnicity to archaeological hearth remains.}, author = {Dersch, Ave Tressa} } @Conference Paper {10586, title = {An Early Holocene Cave Deposit, Caverne de la Mine (Qu{\'e}bec, Canada).}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Located approximately 20 km north-east of Ottawa, Caverne de la Mine contains a fossiliferous infill of significant importance. The cave which likely acted simultaneously as a roost or burrow and as a natural trap, accumulated a large amount of animal remains in the form of bones and teeth. As proven elsewhere, such deposits are very useful for the paleoecological reconstruction of a locality. The upper portion of the infill (100 cm) has been previously studied and showed a relatively recent faunal composition dated at 5000 years B.P. It is characterised by the presence of Ursus americanus, Odocoileus virginianus, Procyon lotor, Peromyscus sp. and Eptesicus fuscus. The bottom portion of the infill (70 cm) dated between 5 020{\textpm}70 and 8 230{\textpm}80 years B.P. is presently being studied. Based on cranial elements recovered from this portion of the infill, twenty-two mammal species were identified to this date. The fossil assemblage contains a significant abundance and variety of micromammals, while larger mammals such as U. americanus and O. virginianus are entirely absent here. The fossil fauna contains two species, Microtus pinetorum (MNI= 7) and Dicrostonyx hudsonius (MNI= 1), which are exclusive of the modern local fauna. Today M. pinetorum inhabits the eastern portion of the continent, generally east of the Mississippi valley and south of the Great Lakes, while D. hudsonius largely occupies the Ungava peninsula and parts of Labrador. Their presence in the infill suggests that the local fauna underwent important adjustments since the beginning of the Holocene before attaining its modern form about 5000 years ago.}, author = {DESCHAMPS, Eric M. and Bernard LAURIOL} } @Conference Paper {10588, title = {Un tandem, arch{\'e}ologie et am{\'e}nagement : Le nouveau Vieux-Port de Montr{\'e}al}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La d{\'e}cision d{\textquoteright}inclure l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie dans le cadre d{\textquoteright}un grand projet d{\textquoteright}am{\'e}nagement n{\textquoteright}est pas nouvelle, on en a vu des exemples dans les grands projets hydro-{\'e}lectriques, {\'e}galement dans les parcs nationaux; mais en milieu urbain, dans un contexte industriel, c{\textquoteright}est d{\'e}j{\`a} plus rare. Qui plus est, suite aux attentes exprim{\'e}es lors d{\textquoteright}une consultation publique! Mais dans un contexte particulier de vestiges d{\textquoteright}architecture industrielle et de g{\'e}nie civil, il {\'e}tait difficile d{\textquoteright}envisager la m{\'e}thode traditionnelle qui consiste {\`a} faire les fouilles par les arch{\'e}ologues puis, par la suite, laisser aux architectes et aux ing{\'e}nieurs le soin de faire la mise en valeur. Ce que nous allons discuter ici, c{\textquoteright}est la d{\'e}marche adopt{\'e}e au Vieux-Port de Montr{\'e}al pour inclure l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur du projet d{\textquoteright}am{\'e}nagement, de sa conception {\`a} sa r{\'e}alisation, incluant une interaction continue entre les arch{\'e}ologues, architectes-am{\'e}nagistes, ing{\'e}nieurs, gestionnaires, administrateurs et contracteurs.}, author = {Desjardins, Pauline} } @Conference Paper {10587, title = {La Mula (2100 to 1700 BP): From Incised to Polychrome Pottery, a Poorly Known Ceramic Style from Grand Cocle, Panama}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Since 1997, students from the Department of Anthropology of University of Montreal have been actively participating in the excavations of a pre-columbian site called Cerro Juan Diaz, located on the Azuerro Peninsula in Panama. Recent excavations have revealed an important concentration of La Mula ceramics, an important ceramic style which may represent the first polychrome ceramics in all the Grand Cocle region. Analysis of these new data will be very usefull to understand this poorly known ceramic tradition.}, author = {Desjardins, Beno{\^\i}t} } @article {12571, title = {Do My Braids Look Different? Indigenous Identity in Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {133-152}, abstract = {

This article is a narrative of the challenges I have experienced as a white-passing Indigenous scholar. I discuss my conscious decision to conceal my Indigenous heritage during my undergraduate education due to subtle and overt forms of marginalization. I also examine the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and some community engagement experiences that inspired me to proudly divulge my Indigenous identity during my graduate career. My personal narrative highlights some of the issues that exist for Indigenous peoples studying in a colonial setting. I share how I have coped with these challenges by engaging with my culture, and the Indigenous teachings I have received. It is my hope that my Truth will encourage fellow archaeologists to reflect on their own experiences of marginalization, complacency, and/or culpability so that we can work together and move toward Reconciliation in a good way.

}, author = {Danii Desmarais} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9464, title = {A History of the Native People of Canada, Volume II (1,000 B.C.{\textendash}A.D. 500)}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {203-206}, editor = {Pierre M. Desrosiers} } @Conference Paper {10592, title = {Approvisionnement en mati{\'e}res premi{\'e}res, mobilit{\'e} et adaptation technique durant le Dors{\'e}tien au Nunavik}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Noura Rahmani} } @Conference Paper {10591, title = {The Anthropology of Techniques: the French Approach}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The French approach on the study of archaeological material is different from those used in North America. The anthropology of techniques try to define and understand the technical system of production. Developed first on the following of the work of some researchers, like A. Leroi-Gourhan and J. Tixier, this approach is now beginning to give some interesting result on the understanding of Ancient World Prehistory. In this presentation we are going to explain some of the major aspects of this approach, objectives, analysis methods, the contribution to the study of prehistoric hunter-gatherers and also its limits. L{\textquoteright}approche fran{\c c}aise de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du mat{\'e}riel arch{\'e}ologique est originale par rapport {\`a} ce que nous connaissons en Am{\'e}rique du Nord. L{\textquoteright}anthropologie des techniques s{\textquoteright}int{\'e}resse {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de la culture mat{\'e}riel en d{\'e}finissant des syst{\'e}mes techniques de production. D{\'e}velopp{\'e} principalement {\`a} la fin des ann{\'e}es 1970, dans la lign{\'e}e des travaux, entre autres, de A. Leroi-Gourhan et J. Tixier, cette approche commence {\`a} livrer des avanc{\'e}es majeures pour la compr{\'e}hension de la pr{\'e}histoire de l{\textquoteright}Ancien Monde. Dans cet expos{\'e} nous allons pr{\'e}senter les principaux aspects de cette approche, ses objectifs, ses m{\'e}thodes d{\textquoteright}analyses, sa contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des soci{\'e}t{\'e}s de chasseurs-cueilleurs pr{\'e}historiques ainsi que ses limites.}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Noura Rahmani} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9424, title = {L{\textquoteright}Arch{\'e}ologie au Qu{\'e}bec, Mots, Techniques, Objets}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {147-149}, editor = {Pierre Desrosiers} } @article {9564, title = {The GhGk{\textendash}63 Site: A Dorset Occupation in Southeastern Hudson Bay, Nunavik}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {075-099}, abstract = {

Harpoon head seriation provides the only reference typology available for the Dorset period, with lithic tools still awaiting a formal typology. Cultural attributions have been dependent on absolute dating when diagnostic artifacts such as harpoon heads are absent. A study of the lithic collection from site GhGk-63 has led us to question the validity of those typological data that serve as the basis for cultural affiliations for the late Palaeoeskimo period in the Arctic. We propose a new approach to the study of lithic industries in the Arctic that employs the analysis of lithic technology as it has been developed in France. Our purpose in this paper is to evaluate the utility of this analytical approach to Palaeoeskimo lithic assemblages by employing it in our analysis of the collection recovered from GhGk-63. The results point to its relevance for the characterization of lithic production during the Middle Dorset, and to its potential contribution to comparative studies.

}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10590, title = {Experimentation on the Production of Slate Tools}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {We present the result of the study of archaeological objects made of schist from both Dorset and Thule sites of Nunavik as well as an experimental methodology aimed at understanding the modes of production of tools made of schist. The production of ulus and "polished knives" is particularly focused upon. We compare the results of this technological analysis with the typological distinctions that have been established between Palaeoeskimo and Neoeskimo schist tools. Our results show the existence of many production methods and contribute to a better definition of each of these periods.}, author = {Pierre M. Desrosiers and Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10589, title = {Les secteurs arch{\'e}ologiques au Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Le secteur arch{\'e}ologique est un outil de gestion mis au point r{\'e}cemment par le minist{\'e}re de la Culture afin d{\textquoteright}assurer la protection des sites arch{\'e}ologiques, {\`a} l{\textquoteright}ext{\'e}rieur des centres urbains et, plus sp{\'e}cifiquement, sur les terres du domaine public du Qu{\'e}bec. {\`a} partir des 7 000 sites r{\'e}pertori{\'e}s dans la banque informatis{\'e}e de l{\textquoteright}Inventaire des sites arch{\'e}ologiques du Qu{\'e}bec et de leur localisation sur les cartes topographiques au 1: 250 000 et 1: 50 000, il a {\'e}t{\'e} possible de circonscrire une centaine de concentrations de sites arch{\'e}ologiques dans un environnement particulier (lac, {\^\i}le, c{\^o}te) appel{\'e}es secteurs arch{\'e}ologiques. Chaque secteur repr{\'e}sente le fruit d{\textquoteright}une ou plusieurs interventions dans un territoire restreint et constitue une banque de sites {\`a} conserver {\`a} long terme. L{\textquoteright}identification d{\textquoteright}un secteur permet ainsi de conserver un territoire g{\'e}ographique {\`a} des fins arch{\'e}ologiques, au m{\^e}me titre qu{\textquoteright}on d{\'e}cide de cr{\'e}er un parc, une r{\'e}serve ou un lieu de vill{\'e}giature. Comme outil de gestion, les secteurs arch{\'e}ologiques repr{\'e}sentent l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tat d{\textquoteright}avancement des activit{\'e}s arch{\'e}ologiques r{\'e}gionales, favorisent une plus grande concertation entre divers partenaires gouvernementaux et municipaux, et entra{\^\i}nent une implication accrue du milieu.}, author = {Pierre Desrosiers} } @Conference Paper {10593, title = {The Archaeologioal Identity of the Beothuck}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Beothucks of the Island of Newfoundland became extinct in 1829. Their origins and relationships are still unknown. It is suggested that the Direct Historic Approach will be a useful tool in attempting to distinguish Beothuck remains and establishing an archaeological identity for them. Four sites and three collections may be relevant, despite several frustrating factors. The latest Beothuck sites contain no stone tools - only their iron substitutes. Another probable Beothuck site contains not only iron, but also stone tools some of which are characteristically Dorset. This site may be mixed. A third site seems to be a pure Beothuck component containing both iron and stone tools. A prehistoric site contains stone tools which may be Beothuck, but this site also contains typically Dorset tools and so may be mixed. Three collections contain stone tools which by comparison may be attributable to Beothuck. It is therefore possible to establish an archaeological identity for late historic Beothuck sites having iron tools, and also to suggest several stone tool types and lithic attributes which characterize prehistoric Beothuck assemblages.}, author = {Devereux, H.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9257, title = {Continuity and Change in Cultural Adaptation to Mountain Environments: From Prehistory to Contemporary Threats}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {333-335}, editor = {Genevieve Dewar} } @Conference Paper {10594, title = {Expanding the Horizon: Late Holocene Lithic Assemblages in Kamloops, B.C.}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Archaeological investigations by the SCES-SFU Field School in Kamloops, B.C., between 1991 and 1997, have identified and tested over 60 upper terrace sites as part of a study of long-term land use. Interpretation of this archaeological record has been constrained by the absence of diagnostics at many small lithic scatters or by mixed assemblages at the larger, multiple component sites. However, excavation in 1997 at one of these larger sites, EeRb 144, revealed a relatively undisturbed cultural sequence extending from the recent past through at least the Middle Period (4000 - 7500 BP). This paper focuses on the artifact assemblages from the Plateau Horizon (2400 - 1200 BP), and introduces a new artifact type.}, author = {DEWING, Natalie} } @Conference Paper {10596, title = {Late Maritime Woodland (Ceramic) And Palaeo-Indian Endscrapers: Stone Tool Technology}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Archaeologists tend to view lithic assemblages from a predominately morphological perspective, stressing the importance of the fluted point as the defining characteristic of the Paleoindian culture period (ca. 10,000 years B.P.). In applying such a characteristic, Paleoindian sites have been identified throughout the Northeast. However, there are no identified Paleoindian sites in New Brunswick. It is possible that some sites are largely ignored or thought to lack a Paleoindian component if a fluted point is absent. If such sites are being overlooked, then the database may under represent the Paleoindian culture period. Spurred end scrapers commonly occur in known Paleoindian tool assemblages and are often considered diagnostic of the Paleoindian culture period. However, spurred end scrapers have also been identified in the Late Maritime Woodland (Ceramic) culture period (ca. 500 years B.P.). I designed the present study to determine if spurred end scrapers from known Paleoindian and Late Maritime Woodland period sites can be differentiated and be diagnostic of a specific culture period. A morphological and technological analysis of spurred end scrapers allowed me to complete a controlled comparative lithic study of the two culture groups. An analysis of the spurred end scrapers from the four sites indicates similarities between culture periods in the type of lithic materials employed in tool production as well as in the initial stages of core technology. Technological variability in the form of a longitudinal flake occurs on Paleoindian spurs. I then applied the similarity and variability identified between culture periods to two multi-component sites in New Brunswick that have spurred end scrapers that morphologically resemble those from the two Paleoindian sites analyzed. However, no other evidence of a Paleoindian component had been identified at the sites. The technological analysis of the spurred end scrapers from the New Brunswick sites has not determined that a Paleoindian component does exist, but suggests further investigation is warranted. It is the presence, not absence, of the longitudinal flake down the center of the spur that may be used as an indicator to distinguish Early Paleoindian from Late Maritime Woodland spurred end scrapers.}, author = {Dickinson, Pam} } @Conference Paper {10595, title = {R{\'e}sum{\'e} des {\'e}tudes et des recherches en g{\'e}oarch{\'e}ologie {\`a} l{\textquoteright}Universit{\'e} du Nouveau-Brunswick}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Dickinson, Pam and Brent Suttie and Sandy Glidden-Hachey and Alyson Mercer} } @Conference Paper {10597, title = {Preliminary Analyses of the Internal Structure of Large Sites in Northern Manitoba}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {During the summer of 1972 an eleven man crew investigated two large sites in the Kame Hills 1ocality of Southern Indian Lake. The research involved a controlled surface pickup and the excavation of the heavy moss layer. The moss and debris were removed from the entire area of the smaller site. The results of the exposure of entire site are: 1) the delimitation of the site boundaries, 2) the relationships between subsurface features and surface scatter, 3) the definition of tentative activity areas within the site. These are discussed in their spatial and temporal aspects.}, author = {Gary A. Dickson} } @Conference Paper {10598, title = {Nuts, Seeds, and Raw Materials, Macrofloral Analysis at the Ancient Qwu?gwes Wet Site, Southern Puget Sound, USA}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {We know the earliest people living on Mud Bay made full use of the abundant sea foods and land mammal resources available at this place. But we do not know to what extent they used the floral and herbaceous resources, or which plants those resources consisted of. By preserving and identifying floral remains and seeds from Qwu?gwes wet site we hope to determine the kinds of plant resources used and recreate the plant distribution and ecology along the banks of South Puget Sound 400, and more, years ago. To accomplish this we will be comparing specimens from herbariums and studying macrofloral samples recovered from six years of excavations. From the location of specimens in the site we also hope to test whether seeds, nuts and mosses found were deposited naturally or as a result of cultural use.}, author = {Diedrich, Melanie} } @Conference Paper {10600, title = {Space, Place and Landscape: dynamic modelling of cultural preferences for site selection / Espace, place et paysage : mod{\'e}le dynamique de repr\&}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper examines a dynamic approach to initiating settlement pattern analyses of the Princess Point Complex in southern Ontario, dating to circa AD 500 to 1000. This approach employs a GIS to model decision-making over space and time to determine cultural preferences for site selection. The dynamic model combines content and context; using measurable variables from sites and surveys, and behavioural variables associated with the cultural perception of site (place) and non-site (space) landscapes. The preliminary results of the project will be discussed together with an exploration of the relationship between environmental perception and site location.}, author = {DIETERMAN, Frank A.} } @Conference Paper {10599, title = {A gendered view of the landscape (A.D. 500-1200)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper details a landscape archaeology approach explaining the transition from Middle Woodland to Princess Point to Early Ontario Iroquoian settlement systems in southern Ontario circa A.D. 500-1200. This cultural transition zone is manifest both temporally and spatially, representing a zone of ideological and social {\textquoteright}boundaries{\textquoteright} demonstrated by landscape analyses. The argument is made that a gender group, of which women were the large majority, was instrumental in the selection of settlement locations during the Princess Point period - a period of significant horticultural and settlement transition. This is reflected in the archaeological record through operational and cognised modelling of the interrelationships between gender, mobility, subsistence and settlement patterning through space and time. The result of this research provides archaeological evidence, supported by ethnographic accounts, of a gendered view of the landscape.}, author = {Dieterman, Frank} } @Conference Paper {10601, title = {Are You My People?: Native Anthropology by a Native Anthropologist}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Native visitors to Yukon communities are often greeted with the question, {\textquoteright}Are you my people?{\textquoteright} How the question is answered may define the ensuing relationship. As a person of Tagish-Southern Tutchone-Tlingit ancestry raised in the Yukon and descended from several generations of Yukoners, I am in a unique position to study my home land and my culture. As a Native anthropologist I can also contribute to Anthropology from an indigenous perspective. I owe this to Archaeology-a discipline that sparked my interest during my first years of post-secondary education. Archaeology helped my find myself and allowed me to incorporate my past with my graduate studies. This paper focuses on the role that education has for Native people, and how it may provide new areas of insight in the field of northern Anthropology.}, author = {DILLMAN, Donna and the Kwanlin Dun First Nation} } @article {9565, title = {The Birds of Summer: Lakeside Routes into Late Pleistocene New England}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {121-126}, author = {Dena F. Dincauze and Victoria Jacobson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9100, title = {Constructing Frames of Reference: An Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building Using Ethnographic and Environmental Data Sets}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {083-087}, editor = {Dena F. Dincauze} } @Conference Paper {10602, title = {Raw Material and Stone Tool Management in the Context of a Middle Dorset Hunting Camp : A Study of Technological Activities and Cultural Choices}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {We already know that different environmental or socio-economic constraints as well as the very nature of the raw materials exploited, exert various influences on the composition of Palaeoeskimo lithic assemblages. However, what effects might responses to these constraints have had on the manufacturing and use of these tools? An analysis,using this perspective, of a Middle Dorset lithic assemblage will aim to examine the role that these constraints and the cultural choices played as far as raw material management and stone tools, especially their production and use. These kinds of interpretations are made possible through technological and use wear analysis.}, author = {Dionne, Marie-Michelle} } @Conference Paper {10603, title = {Late and post-glacial paleoecology and archaeology of Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Since the inception of a cave management program on Prince of Wales Island in the 1980s, the number of formally recorded and mapped caves has grown from a handful to over 400. With this growing awareness has come the discovery of significant paleontological and archaeological remains in more than 30 caves. In 1996 ongoing paleontological work in a solution cave designated 49-PET-408 located on the north end of Prince of Wales Island, resulted in discovery of human remains and associated stone and bone tools. By the end of 1997 the assemblage from 49-PET-408 includes faunal material spanning at least 40,000 years punctuated by cultural materials up to 10,000 years old. Cultural deposits extend outside the cave and offer significant potential for future early Holocene research.}, author = {DIXON, E.J. and HEATON, T.H and T.E. FIFIELD} } @Conference Paper {10605, title = {Two Neutral Cabin Sites: A Case Study in Small Site Archaeology}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The focus of this paper is two small, short term Iroquoian cabin sites in southwestern Ontario: the Day site (ca. A.D. 1450), and the Haley{\textquoteright}s Pond site (ca. A.D. 1620-1630). Both sites were subject to complete mitigative excavations by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, in advance of highway construction. This paper considers; the issues of seasonality, site function and delineation of activity areas, through. an analysis of the nature and distribution of cultural remains at these two sites. The placement of the site type represented by Day and Haley{\textquoteright}s Pond within a broader settlement system for the Neutral Iroquoians is briefly considered.}, author = {Dodd, Christine} } @Conference Paper {10604, title = {Highways Through Time: Process and Product in Highway Corridor Archaeology}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper discusses the process developed by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Southwest Region for the archaeological assessment of highway construction projects and the mitigation of sites on highway rights-of-way. The products of the assessment/mitigation process are defined and critically examined. While the principal function of the archaeological unit is to clear environmental assessment requirements to enable the Ministry to deliver the provincial highway construction program, we are committed to producing useful data and distributing results. In addition, these studies address issues of site significance and preservation, First Nations{\textquoteright} concerns, and public interest and education. The paper draws examples from a recently completed project, that resulted in the excavation of several sites ranging from Paleo-Indian to Late Woodland times.}, author = {Dodd, C. and P. Lennox, B. Morrison and P. Timmins} } @Conference Paper {10606, title = {Aspects of Prehistoric and Historic Trade on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {This paper discusses a few of the inferences to be drawn regarding trade on the plateau using archaeological, economic and ethnohistoric sources. Some suggestions for future research are made.}, author = {Paul F. Donahue} } @Conference Paper {10608, title = {Survey in Northern Alberta: 1975}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {During the 1975 field season two uplands and portions of three major rivers in northern Alberta were surveyed for the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. Site densities on the Caribou and Birch Mountain uplands differed markedly from each other as a probable result of their dissimilar environments. Comments regarding survey results, regional prehistory, site distribution analysis and future research are presented.}, author = {Donahue, P.F.} } @Conference Paper {10607, title = {Archaeology in 1984}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Alberta has, since the passage of the Alberta Historical Resources Act, been in the forefront of archaeological cultural resource management in Canada. Development proponents have spent untold dollars to conserve the past, and a staff of professionals has been hired by the Archaeological Survey to review development projects, undertake research, and review and evaluate the work of consultant archaeologists. Recorded sites in Alberta presently number approximately 12,000 and the total number of artifacts far exceeds that figure. Clearly many positive and necessary steps have been taken toward properly managing the resources; however, it still remains to take the next step into the world of directed and standardized archaeology. Does this represent shades of 1984 or only a tentative first step?}, author = {Donahue, P.} } @Conference Paper {10610, title = {The Northwest Coast as a Study Area: Natural, Prehistoric and Ethnographic Issues}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The {\textquoteright}Northwest Coast{\textquoteright} is a frequent focus as an area of research, both as a background for more localized research topics and as an area of study. I briefly review the Northwest Coast as a natural area, and in culture historical terms. After considering the value of the idea of a {\textquoteright}Northwest Coast{\textquoteright} in these three contexts, I discuss several research problems which would help resolve some of the issues raised in my discussion.}, author = {DONALD, Leland} } @Conference Paper {10609, title = {Subareas and Local Patterns within the Northwest Coast: Methodological Issues in Ethnology and What They May Tell the Archaeologist}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Ethnologists/ethnohistorians have used two basic approaches to identify subareas within the Northwest Coast culture area: 1) evaluation of overall cultural similarities based on either generalized impressionistic methods or on numerical taxonomies of similarity coefficients based on numerous culture traits of a sample of ethnic units and 2) qualitative evaluations that focus on one or a few key diagnostic traits. I compare the various subareal approaches that have resulted from the more influential of these efforts and then consider what use archaeologists might make of these methods and results in their own explorations of the prehistoric subregions of the Northwest Coast.}, author = {DONALD, Leland} } @Conference Paper {10611, title = {Effect of a Professional Archaeologist on an Avocational One or the Manyberries Cairn, DgOo-1}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The variables responsible for soil formation can be grouped into five categories, i.e., parent material, biotic and abiotic forces, topography, and time. Although people fall under the biotic forces category, landscape often affects where people are and what they do in it. In 1970 Dr. Dick Forbis brought together, via a field seminar with flip-charts and all, an interesting group of people to discuss how a wide variety of disciplines could give depth to the Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump research. There were Dr. Dick Forbis, convener and archaeologist, Barney Reeves, nascent archaeologist, Archie Stalker, geologist, Ted Cook, soil microbiologist, Larry Lutwick, soil geneticist, John Dormaar, soil organic chemist, and Bill Byrne, nascent archaeologist plus an assortment of summer students. Ever since, I have asked myself as to how I could, as a soil scientist, contribute to the discipline of archaeology. The landscape is really the soil scientist{\textquoteright}s living laboratory. On a macro-scale, people affected that landscape via the use of fire, confined grazing after free-roaming bison were eliminated, and upside down farming. On a micro-scale, by arranging cobbles into circles, alignments, and cairns, people could affect soil transformations beneath these arranged cobbles. However, I, as an avocational archaeologist, was also able to contribute via the question as to why petroforms, such as structures used for vision questing, were here, but not there in the landscape, since I was in that landscape anyway to practice my soil science profession. The Manyberries Cairn (DgOo-1) will be discussed as example where a soil scientist and an avocational archaeologist can contribute to the discipline of archaeology.}, author = {Dormaar, J.F.} } @Conference Paper {10615, title = {Sizing up the Situation: Tools for the Protection of Archaeological Resources in Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The mission of the Ontario Heritage Trust is to identify, preserve, protect and promote Ontario{\textquoteright}s cultural and natural heritage for the benefit of present and future generations. Last year{\textquoteright}s passing of the Ontario Heritage Act strengthened regulations to protect Ontario{\textquoteright}s unique heritage sites, including its mandate to protect natural heritage. Identifying and protecting places in our communities that have cultural heritage value is an important part of planning for the future, and of helping to guide change while keeping the buildings, structures, archaeological sites and landscapes that give each of our communities its unique identity. This paper will address the available tools for the protection of archaeological resources in the Province of Ontario and provide substantive examples}, author = {Dena Doroszenko and Sean Fraser} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9013, title = {Under the Boardwalk in Quebec City: Archaeology in the Courtyard and Gardens}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {193-194}, editor = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10619, title = {One Party Too Many? - Container and Table Glass From, the Inge-va Privy}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {From 1987 through 1989, archaeological excavations have been conducted at the Inge-va estate in Perth, Ontario under the auspices of the Ontario Heritage Foundation. Inge-va was built in 1823 and represents one of the finest Neo-Classical Georgian houses in eastern Ontario. While only occupied by three families since its construction, the archaeological work has focused on the Radenhurst family and in particular, the excavation of an abandoned privy pit deposit which uncovered over 15,000 artifacts in 1988. This paper will present a preliminary analysis of the large number of container glass and table glass objects recovered from. the privy excavation. Incorporating this information into the existing data model will improve our ability to draw inferences about the complex inter-relationships of the behaviour patterns and events which lead to the creation of this unique archaeological. collection.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10614, title = {Titre de l{\textquoteright}expos{\'e} : Les paysages du pouvoir : Fulford Place, Brockville et les Olmsted}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10618, title = {Ice and Fire? The Evolution of Outbuildings at the Macdonell-Williamson House}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Macdonell-Williamson House is situated in the Township of East Hawkesbury on the southern shore of the Ottawa River, adjacent to the village of Pointe-Fortune. John Macdonell, a retired North West Company fur trader, was prolific in the construction of outbuildings during the early period of occupation on the property. Between 1817 and 1842 he built over 20 outbuildings, six of which have been discovered archaeologically in the space of one acre. This paper will discuss the ice house and smokehouse buildings uncovered during archaeological assessment in 2007 and their context within the farmstead estate.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko and Brooks, Meagan} } @Conference Paper {10613, title = {Death Lurked in the Floorboards and Stained the Walls: Behavioral Inferences From the Inge-va Privy Deposit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Built in 1823, Inge-va represents one of the finest Neo-Classical Georgian houses in eastern Ontario. In 1988, archaeological excavations at the Inge-va estate in Perth, Ontario under the auspices of the Ontario Heritage Foundation, uncovered over 15,000 artifacts from an abandoned. privy pit. The large number of ceramic and glass vessels recovered from this discrete feature and the high degree of vessel completeness allowed several analytical and cultural questions to be addressed. The incidents of death in the family during the approximate deposition date of the material has great relevance for interpreting archaeological responses to these events, i.e. disease within the bousehold and the resulting discard behaviour. This paper will explore whether disease is a possible explanatory tool that can be used in reconstructing the past life cycle of the Radenhurst family at Inge-va and whether it provides clarification of the discard pattern uncovered in 1988.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10617, title = {WHY ARE THERE 369 DISHES IN THE PRIVY? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE FROM OPERATION 2, INGE-VA, PERTH, ONTARIO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {From 1987 through 1989, archaeological excavations have been conducted at the Inge-va estate in Perth, Ontario, under the auspices of The Ontario Heritage Foundation. Built in 1823, Inge-va represents one of the fmest Neo-Classical Georgian houses in eastern Ontario. While only occupied by three families since its construction, the archaeological work has focused on the Radenhurst family and in particular, the excavation of an abandoned privy pit deposit which uncovered over 15,000 artifacts in 1988. The large number of ceramic vessels recovered from this discrete feature and the high degree of vessel completeness allowed several analytical and cultural questions to be addressed. Primary data analysis was accomplished with a 4GL relational database, ORACLE. A detailed stratigraphic analysis using a Harris matrix allowed the deposit to be organized into discrete depositional events. These were used as the basis for exploring post-depositional disturbance to the ceramic assemblage as a first step towards developing socio-economic and behavioral inferences.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko and Gerrard, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10612, title = {Burning Down the House: The Archaeological Manifestation of Fire on Historic Domestic Sites}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper will examine the manifestation of fire as found archaeologically at four historic domestic sites in Ontario. Each site has experienced a burning episode of varying significance in the property{\textquoteright}s history. Soil deposition, debris fields, heat alteration of artifacts, fire intensity and types of fire debris will be discussed and analyzed with the intent of developing a paradigm for identifying such deposits.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10616, title = {Public Archaeology In Ontario}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Since the mid-1970s, the archaeology program at the Ontario Heritage Foundation has gone through a series of stages culminating in new directions, fiscal realities and public accountability. This paper will critique the program in relationship to the general growth and development of public archaeology within the Province of Ontario.}, author = {Dena Doroszenko} } @Conference Paper {10620, title = {Catequil{\textquoteright}s Lithics: Stone Tools from an Andean Complex Society}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Lithic artifacts are often largely or wholly ignored by archaeologists studying complex societies. While this situation is being rectified in many parts of the world, the Andean mountains of northern Peru remain one area where very few lithic analyses have been conducted. To this end, a comprehensive analysis was conducted of all lithic artifacts from four sites associated with the Oracle of Catequil, located on and around the mountain of Cerro Icchal near the village of San Jos{\'e} de Porc{\'o}n in La Libertad, Peru. The oracle, in use between 400 CE and the Spanish arrival in 1532 CE, is a sacred site of ancestor veneration and a place of pilgrimage. Through this analysis, I am able to show the relationships between the four different sites at Cerro Icchal, as well as show how this expedient tool assemblage fits into a general model for lithic design criteria in complex societies.}, author = {Jordan Downey} } @Conference Paper {10622, title = {Prehistoric Chipped Lithic Technology: A Southern Ontario Perspective}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {There is currently no consensus as to how lithic analyses should be undertaken and what role they can play in interpreting the archaeological record. By employing both Sullivan and Rozen{\textquoteright}s (1985) {\textquoteright}interpretation free{\textquoteright} approach to debitage analysis along with a stage reduction approach, I suggest that it is indeed possible to conduct a satisfactory lithic analysis, and that information about exchange, subsistence and settlement patterns can be obtained from this. I examine the tools and debitage from the Flying Snake site (AjGx-153) in Milton, Ontario to confirm that the site belongs to the Ontario Small Point Archaic phase (ca. 3500 - 3000 B.P.), as well as to suggest how the site fits into the Late Archaic in Ontario.}, author = {Jordan Downey} } @Conference Paper {10621, title = {The Picts: Issues in Identifying an Historical Ethnicity}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Many problems arise when one attempts to define an ethnicity, particularly a past ethnicity with few living descendants. This is the case with the Picts, a people of Celtic descent that lived in Northern England into the European Middle Ages. One of the main problems with identifying the Picts is that they were one of at least five different nations, each with a unique language, which existed contemporaneously in the British Isles. This paper uses a multivariate approach to deal with the issue of identifying the Picts in the historical an archaeological record. In addition to archaeological and historical methods of identification, I examine the linguistic and ethnographic evidence for the existence of the Pictish nation. I conclude that, despite some problems, it is possible to identify the remains of an unique Pictish nation through these methods.}, author = {Downey, Jordan T.} } @Conference Paper {10623, title = {Identification and source location of lithic artifacts from the central Maine Coast}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Six thousand lithic artifacts from 200 archaeological sites along the central Maine coast have been examined for detailed petrology, and the results subjected to basic statistical analysis. Thirty individual lithic materials, each with a distinct source area, were identified from these sites and subsequently field sampled. Statistical analysis reveals lithic use patterns for cultural periods from the Early Archaic to Late Ceramic. In addition, the analysis indicates a shift, through prehistoric time, in the lands of lithic materials used in different geographic settings along the Central Maine Coast.}, author = {Doyle, Robert G.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9416, title = {A preliminary bibliography of early man in Eastern North America 1839{\textendash}1973}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {180-181}, editor = {Don W. Dragoo} } @Conference Paper {10624, title = {(TITLE UNAVAILABLE)}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {No abstract submitted}, author = {DRAKE, Martha} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11948, title = {Regional Settlement Demography in Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {304-306}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Conference Paper {10625, title = {Indices of architectural relationship in Mesoamerica and eastern North America}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A topic of continuing research and debate has been the spatial and temporal relationships within eastern North America of monumental civic architecture - one of the presumed Mesoamerican influences in the area. Research concerned with similar topics within Mesoamerica has traditionally employed building orientation as one index of possible relationship. The paper summarizes work at Teotihuacan on two other potential indices of architectural relationship (units of measurement and relationship of building axes) and points out similarities between Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan with respect to these indices. The potential for the use of these indices in eastern North America is discussed.}, author = {Drewitt, B.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9107, title = {Archaeology: The Widening Debate}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {323-325}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9102, title = {Method and Theory for Investigating the Peopling of the Americas}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {093-095}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @article {9570, title = {A Comment on Methods for Identifying Quartzite Cobble Artifacts}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {127-131}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9106, title = {Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {134-136}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9219, title = {Ancient Puebloan Southwest}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {301-303}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @article {9569, title = {Prehistoric Hunting Strategies in the Crowsnest Pass, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {109-129}, abstract = {

Analysis of fauna from 22 sites in the Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, demonstrates that hunting strategies varied seasonally. Sites occupied during the winter are situated in the foothills and entrance to the pass. Bison dominates assemblages at these sites. Sites occupied during the summer are situated well into the mountains, and their faunal assemblages are very diverse. These differences are explained by changes in hunting strategies to accommodate seasonal variation in prey distribution and abundance.

}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9105, title = {Ice Age Hunters of the Rockies}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {122-125}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Conference Paper {10627, title = {PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES OF OPEN AREA EXCAVATION STRATEGIES ON COMPLEX STRATIFIED SITES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The normal excavation method for sites with complex natural stratigraphy in North America involves the use of small excavation units, with stratigraphic control being achieved through the large number of stratigraphic sections obtained using such methods. The advantages of this method are well known, but there are disadvantages as well - reduced ability to detect features, poor control of layer margins, and less information about site formation processes. The recent excavations at Charlie Lake Cave (B.C.) employed open-area excavations over a fairly small area of a highly complex site. The advantages of the method included: understanding site formation processes, recognition of features and isolation of rodent disturbance. The disadvantages were minor, and it is concluded that open-area excavations provide better control and more information in complex sites.}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9249, title = {Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {236-239}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @article {9568, title = {Early to Late Prehistoric Lithic and Faunal Assemblages, Site DjPp{\textendash}8, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {043-058}, abstract = {

Excavations at DjPp-8, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, reveal a sequence of occupations from Early Prehistoric to Late Prehistoric times. Lithic assemblages show changes in the morphology of projectile points consistent with sequences in adjacent regions, and show that the site preserves a record of at least 8000 years of prehistory. Other lithic artifact types do not undergo major stylistic changes through time, although the size of artifacts declines. The use of exotic stone increases through time, and this change is ascribed provisionally to changing social organisation. Faunal preservation can be assessed using a variety of indices, all of which demonstrate increasingly poor preservation with depth of burial and age. When these factors are taken into account, there is no evidence for change in faunal use through time, and the site appears to have been used regularly as a summer base camp from which a wide range of resources were exploited.

}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9104, title = {Bringing Back the Past: Historical Perspectives on Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {213-216}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Conference Paper {10626, title = {Large Mammal Taphonomy of the Paleoindian Component at Charlie Lake Cave}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {All identified large mammal bones from two Paleoindian components dating c. 10,500 to 9800 B.P. at Charlie Lake Cave can be assigned to Bison sp. Human involvement in the accumulation of the bones is demonstrated by evidence for butchering, and for selection of certain elements. Subsequent taphonomic processes included gnawing and dispersal by large carnivores, downslope movement, and rapid burial. This paper attempts to delineate the human behaviours which resulted in the accumulation of the bones. Competing hypotheses for the accumulation of bones and artifacts include: kill site; refuse area adjacent to a kill/processing site; redeposition; children{\textquoteright}s play.}, author = {DRIVER, Jon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9211, title = {Archaeological Theory and Scientific Practice}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {161-165}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @article {9567, title = {The Palaeoindian Bison Assemblage from Charlie Lake Cave, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {239-257}, abstract = {

A small assemblage of bison bones from the Palaeoindian (10,700 to 9500 BP) components at Charlie Lake Cave, British Columbia is dominated by elements from the middle and lower limbs. The skeletal element frequencies are not typical of a kill site. The lithic assemblage, the lack of evidence for burning, and the ratio of long bone shaft fragments to epiphyses suggest that the assemblage was not produced at a residential site nor at a specialized processing area. We propose that the assemblage resulted from storage of frozen bison limbs in a series of meat caches, probably located in a small cave that would have been difficult for scavengers to enter.

}, author = {Jonathan C. Driver and Claudine Valli{\`e}res} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9259, title = {Zooarchaeology and Conservation Biology}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {127-129}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9108, title = {Anthropology of the North Pacific Rim}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {086-088}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9232, title = {A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {142-144}, editor = {Jonathan Driver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9103, title = {Environmental Archaeology: Principles and Practice}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {121-124}, editor = {Jonathan C. Driver} } @Conference Paper {10634, title = {Les syst{\'e}mes de paratonnerres utilis{\'e}s {\`a} la poudri{\'e}re de l{\textquoteright}Esplanade {\`a} Qu{\'e}bec (1815-1871)}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Des fouilles arch{\'e}ologiques effectu{\'e}es {\`a} la poudri{\'e}re de l{\textquoteright}Esplanade {\`a} l{\textquoteright}automne 1991 ont permis de mettre au jour les vestiges de trois syst{\'e}mes de paratonnerres utilis{\'e}s successivement {\`a} cet emplacement. L{\textquoteright}analyse documentaire r{\'e}v{\'e}le que ces vestiges sont des t{\'e}moins fid{\'e}les {\`a} la fois du d{\'e}veloppement de la technologie et des directives {\'e}mises par les ing{\'e}nieurs militaires en vue de prot{\'e}ger la population des dangers inh{\'e}rents {\`a} l{\textquoteright}entreposage de mati{\'e}res explosives dans les poudri{\'e}res.}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @Conference Paper {10629, title = {Analyse multidimensionnelle de la variabilit{\'e} de l{\textquoteright}architecture fun{\'e}raire sur le site d{\textquoteright}un cimeti{\'e}re de chasseurs-cuei}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Bradley Drouin and Andrzej WEBER and Goriunova, Olga Ivanovna} } @Conference Paper {10633, title = {Les cimeti{\'e}res de Notre-Dame-de-Qu{\'e}bec, 1664-1859}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La paroisse Notre-Dame-de-Qu{\'e}bec est {\'e}rig{\'e}e canoniquement par Mgr Fran{\c c}ois de Laval le 15 septembre 1664. Ce geste constitue officiellement la premi{\'e}re paroisse de la Nouvelle-France. Il existe d{\'e}j{\`a} {\`a} ce moment plusieurs lieux o{\`u} sont inhum{\'e}s les catholiques. Mentionnons entre autres, en raison de leur caract{\'e}re public , le cimeti{\'e}re de la c{\^o}te de la Montagne, le sous-sol de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}glise Notre-Dame ou encore le nouveau cimeti{\'e}re ouvert aux abords de la rue Buade. Par la suite, d{\textquoteright}autres endroits serviront de cimeti{\'e}re paroissial jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} l{\textquoteright}interdiction d{\textquoteright}inhumer {\`a} l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}rieur des limites de la Haute-Ville de Qu{\'e}bec et la b{\'e}n{\'e}diction du cimeti{\'e}re Notre-Darne-de-Belmont le 10 juillet 1859. Le propos de cette communication sera donc de pr{\'e}senter une synth{\'e}se historique de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}volution des diff{\'e}rents lieux de s{\'e}pulture relevant de la fabrique de Qu{\'e}bec depuis le milieu du 17e si{\'e}cle jusqu{\textquoteright}au milieu du 19e si{\'e}cle. 1{\textquoteright}analyse se fera selon une trame chronologique et regroupera une s{\'e}rie d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tudes de cas.}, author = {Drouin, Fran{\c c}ois} } @Conference Paper {10628, title = {Defining unmarked burial areas through georadar surveys at Fort Temiscamingue National Historic}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Abstract not available.}, author = {Pierre Drouin and Jean Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10632, title = {A FISHING VILLAGE NEAR GASP{\'e} QU{\'e}BEC}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {During the 1970{\textquoteright}s, excavations were conducted on the Penouile Peninsula, Forillon National Park. Remains of a French establishment dating from the 1713-1758 period were then discovered. Jean-Fran{\c c}ois Blanchette reported on this site through papers in a Gasp{\'e}sie magazine. Further testing during the 1988 summer season provided additional data concerning the hypotheses originally presented by Blanchette regarding supplies and communication between Forillon, the French colonies at Louisbourg and on the Saint Lawrence river, and France. This paper will deal with the result of this research.}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @Conference Paper {10631, title = {Fur Trade archaeology at Fort Temiscamingue National Historic Site, Province of Quebec / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie du commerce des fourrures au lieu h}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Archaeological research made at Fort Temiscamingue in northwest Quebec between 1992 and 1995 have revealed traces of occupation of both Aboriginal and eurocanadian origins. While the fur trade activity dates back to the1700{\textquoteright}s and 1800{\textquoteright}s, the pre-contact Aboriginal occupation has been traced back to about 6000 years. Archaeological, historical and material culture studies associated with the fur trade establishment give clues to both Indian and fur traders life at this post which has been a regional center in the area.}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @Conference Paper {10630, title = {Toward identifying First Nations and Inuit History Commemorative Sites in Province of Quebec: a Progress Report / Pour la cr{\'e}ation de lieux his}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Since 1993, Canadian federal government through Parks Canada program is doing consultations with First Nations and Inuit organizations and communities, in Quebec, in order to identify sites of national historical significance commemorating Aboriginal history. This paper is intended to present the project, its philosophy and the results that have been obtained to date.}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @article {9571, title = {Les Baleiners Basques {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\^I}le Nue de Mingan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {001-015}, abstract = {

Archaeological excavations conducted in 1986 by the Canadian Parks Service, Quebec region, at Ile Nue de Mingan on the Quebec North Shore (Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve) have revealed the remains of tryworks used to render oil from the fat of marine mammals. Artifacts found at the site and historical documents both suggest that these structures were built and used by Basques during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

}, author = {Pierre Drouin} } @Conference Paper {10635, title = {Arch{\'e}ologie et mus{\'e}ographie - Un cas type: Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re, mus{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et d{\textquoteright}histoire de}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La r{\'e}alisation du mus{\'e}e d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et d{\textquoteright}histoire de Montr{\'e}al a {\'e}t{\'e} un moment fort o{\`u} des arch{\'e}ologues, des historiens et des mus{\'e}ographes ont travaill{\'e} en {\'e}troite collaboration. Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re se d{\'e}marque des autres mus{\'e}es d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie par l{\textquoteright}int{\'e}gration active des arch{\'e}ologues au processus de mise en valeur. Leur contribution a {\'e}t{\'e} au-del{\`a} de la fouille et de l{\textquoteright}analyse. Elle s{\textquoteright}est prolong{\'e}e dans une r{\'e}flexion qui a men{\'e} {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}laboration des concepts mus{\'e}ographiques. De la synergie des {\'e}quipes d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie, d{\textquoteright}histoire et de mus{\'e}ographie est n{\'e}e une approche de mise en valeur unique qui rend compte de la sp{\'e}cificit{\'e} arch{\'e}ologique du site arch{\'e}ologique. La conf{\'e}rence propos{\'e}e met en perspective les probl{\'e}matiques sous-jacentes {\`a} la r{\'e}alisation de l{\textquoteright}exposition permanente. Comment s{\textquoteright}est d{\'e}velopp{\'e} le concept mus{\'e}ographique? Quels liens ce concept entretient-il avec l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie? Comment la mus{\'e}ographie rend-elle compte de l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie dans la mise en communication des donn{\'e}es historiques? Voil{\`a} quelques questions qui servent de base {\`a} la communication portant sur la mise en valeur r{\'e}alis{\'e}e {\`a} Pointe-{\`a}-Calli{\'e}re.}, author = {Dufresne, Sylvie} } @Conference Paper {10636, title = {Glacial Limits of Yukon Territory, Northwest Canada}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The Yukon Territory contains a complex record of multiple glaciations and ice sources dating from Pliocene to Late Pleistocene (Yakataga Formation,4.2- 4.7 Ma). The oldest glaciations are recorded only in southwest Yukon, and are correlative to those documented in southeast Alaska. These events ultimately relate to uplift of the coastal mountains beginning ca. 4 Ma and climatic cooling at about 10 Ma. Glaciation followed regional erosion and renewed uplift. The earliest glaciation of west-central Yukon occurred between 2.6 and 2.9 Ma, forming a continuous carapace of ice connecting all the mountain ranges except a small part of the Dawson Range,which remained free of ice. This first glaciation was also the most extensive to occur in the region, and resulted in the Yukon River being diverted northwest into Alaska by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. A series of glaciations extending from Mid Pliocene-Early Pleistocene have been documented in the stratigraphy of the Tintina Trench, north of Dawson. The limits of all of these glaciations have been mapped on the basis of glacial landforms and the distribution of erratics. Although morphological features of the older glaciations (Pliocene to Early Pleistocene) are generally not well preserved, there is relatively good control on the distribution of glacial erratics related to these events. Morphological evidence of glacial limits for the last two Cordilleran glaciations (Middle and Late Pleistocene) are well defined in most areas, with those of the Late Pleistocene having the sharpest features. Continental (Laurentide) ice only reached the Yukon ca. 30 ka BP, with associated features and limits also well defined. The Laurentide Ice Sheet occupied the eastern and northern slopes and foothills of the northern Cordillera as well as the Mackenzie Delta area, extending along the Yukon Coastal Plain to the vicinity of Herschel Island. Retreat from this ice limit integrated all the drainages of the eastern flanks of the northern Cordillera to form the Mackenzie River, the largest glacially-diverted river system in the world.}, author = {DUK-RODKIN, A.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9004, title = {Heads of State: Icons, Power, and Politics in the Ancient and Modern Andes}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {297-299}, editor = {Guy S. Duke} } @Conference Paper {10638, title = {Architecture du paysage et potentiel arch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Les auteurs d{\'e}crivent une approche th{\'e}orique et m{\'e}thodologique en arch{\'e}ologie bas{\'e}e sur l{\textquoteright}application de corpus tels que l{\textquoteright}anthropologie, la g{\'e}omorphologie structurale et la topologie. Une r{\'e}flexion prospective est faite sur l{\textquoteright}application possible de l{\textquoteright}informatique {\`a} cette d{\'e}marche.}, author = {Dumais, Pierre and Jean Poirier} } @Conference Paper {10637, title = {Of Silt, Sand and Paleoindians at Squatec (ClEe-9): An Early Holocene Occupation in a Changing Landscape of Southeastern Quebec}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Squatec late Paleoindian site lies in a focal area of an extensive network of valleys connecting the Bay of Fundy to the St. Lawrence estuary. Its complex stratigraphy witnesses to a very dynamic physical and hydrologic environment in the early Holocene and to major natural events that can be traced as far as the upper St. John valley.}, author = {Dumais, Pierre and Gilles Rousseau} } @Conference Paper {10640, title = {Recherches r{\'e}centes sur la pr{\'e}histoire du T{\'e}miscouata, Sud-Est du Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Cette communication pr{\'e}sente les premiers r{\'e}sultats d{\textquoteright}un projet de recherche entrepris en 1989 sur la pr{\'e}histoire de la r{\'e}gion du T{\'e}miscouata, dans le Sud-Est du Qu{\'e}bec. Les objectifs de ce projet {\'e}taient de plusieurs ordres. Nous voulions premi{\'e}rement d{\'e}finir de fa{\c c}on satisfaisante notre objet de recherche, effectuer un survol des connaissances sur la pr{\'e}histoire r{\'e}gionale (Bas-Saint-Laurent, Nord de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, Maritimes), faire une r{\'e}vision critique des {\'e}tudes pr{\'e}dictives en arch{\'e}ologie et, principalement, appliquer un nouveau cadre th{\'e}orique et m{\'e}thodologique {\`a} la probl{\'e}matique des relations entre la culture et l{\textquoteright}espace. En aval de la recherche, des reconnaissances ponctuelles sur le terrain devaient {\^e}tre effectu{\'e}es afin de v{\'e}rifier certaines de nos hypoth{\'e}ses. La pr{\'e}sente communication met principalement l{\textquoteright}accent sur la d{\'e}marche utilis{\'e}e dans notre {\'e}tude pr{\'e}dictive et fait part de la d{\'e}couverte d{\textquoteright}un site pr{\'e}historique in{\'e}dit datant vraisemblablement de la fin du Pleistoc{\'e}ne ou du d{\'e}but de l{\textquoteright}Holoc{\'e}ne.}, author = {Dumais, Pierre and Jean Poirier and Gilles Rousseau} } @Conference Paper {10639, title = {Architecture of the Landscape and Predictive Studies}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The authors present a theoretical and methodological approach in archaeology based on the application of several corpuses of which anthropology, structural geomorphology and topology play a major role. Thought is given on the possible applications of GIS systems to this scheme.}, author = {Dumais, Pierre and Jean Poirier} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9142, title = {An Examination of Prehistoric Copper Technology and Copper Sources in Western Arctic and Subarctic North America}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Don E. Dumond} } @Conference Paper {10641, title = {Archaeo-Magnetism and the Dating of a Plano Site From Rimouski, Qu{\'e}bec}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Discovered in 1990, a potentially old site located on a marine terrace of the Goldthwait Sea was the subject of a particular investigative approach because of its temporal placement within the cultural history of the region. Because the site was directly under a proposed section of Highway 20 behind Rimouski, a salvage operation, sponsored by the Minist{\'e}re des Transports du Qu{\'e}bec, was conducted in August and September 1991.This project involved a multi-disciplinary team composed of archaeologists, as well as a palynologist, pedologist, geomorphologist, geologist, and a physicist. Of the several objectives, the dating of the site was essential because of the lack of relevant dates for the Plano Tradition in Qu{\'e}bec and in the Northeast. The archaeo-magnetism approach, undertaken prior to the beginning of the dig, was chosen to discover areas on the site that can be related to features like hearths. We will describe the experiment, the results and present some considerations about archaeo-magnetism for future research. Finally, a brief presentation of the archaeological findings will follow.}, author = {Dumont, Jean and Claude Chapdelaine and Steve Bourget} } @Conference Paper {10642, title = {Le d{\'e}veloppement du faubourg Saint-Laurent {\`a} Montr{\'e}al}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {L{\textquoteright}exploitation agricole des zones ext{\'e}rieures {\`a} l{\textquoteright}enceinte fortifi{\'e}e de Ville-Marie a pris naissance d{\'e}s le 17e si{\'e}cle. Le faubourg Saint-Laurent s{\textquoteright}est d{\'e}velopp{\'e} au cours du 18e si{\'e}cle, dans le prolongement de la porte nord des fortifications, le long du chemin qui menait {\`a} la rive oppos{\'e}e de l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le de Montr{\'e}al. D{\textquoteright}abord caract{\'e}ris{\'e}s par des occupations r{\'e}sidentielles, certains secteurs abrit{\'e}rent ensuite des activit{\'e}s commerciales; la construction du march{\'e} Saint-Laurent, en 1829, en est un exemple. L{\textquoteright}inventaire et la surveillance arch{\'e}ologiques effectu{\'e}s en 1992, au coin des boulevards Saint-Laurent et Ren{\'e}-L{\'e}vesque, ont permis de documenter les deux derni{\'e}res {\'e}poques l{\textquoteright}utilisation du lieu. Ces travaux s{\textquoteright}ins{\'e}rent dans le contexte de la revitalisation du quartier et de l{\textquoteright}am{\'e}nagement de la place de la Paix. Montr{\'e}al{\textquoteright}s faubourgs came into being on the outskirts of the fortification walls that used to protect Ville-Marie. One of them, Saint-Laurent Faubourg, developed along the road going to the north shore of Montr{\'e}al{\textquoteright}s island. It evolved from an agricultural. district (17th century) into residential occupations (18th century), soon adding a commercial element to it; Saint-Laurent Market, first built in 1829, is an example of this. The 1992 fieldwork, at the corner of Saint-Laurent and Ren{\'e}-L{\'e}vesque, allowed us to gather informations on the two last stages. This project was included in the general renewal plan of that part of the city.}, author = {Duquay, Fran{\c c}oise} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9098, title = {Archaeological Research in the Kame Hills Locality of Southern Indian Lake}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {245-246}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11406, title = {The Life and Work of W. B. Nickerson (1865{\textendash}1926) Scientific Archaeology in Central North America}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {125-127}, editor = {Mima Brown Kapches} } @Conference Paper {10643, title = {Sources of Chippable Petrified Peat and Wood along the South Saskatchewan River}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Although not well-known as chippable stone types, petrified peat and petrified wood were once commonly used for this purpose in south central Saskatchewan, particularly along the South Saskatchewan River. At some sites as much as 75\% of chipping debris is comprised of these materials. In 1997, an area containing several sites with high proportions of petrified peat and wood debris, near Outlook, Saskatchewan, was searched for possible sources. Since the whole region is covered with glacial drift, secondary sources are the only possibility. Occasional surface occurrences on upland and valley slopes turned out to be unlikely options because of extreme scarcity, general small size, and low quality of relevant materials. The most likely sources are fairly dense concentrations of moderate-size slabs and blocks of good quality material in two small river-edge localities. The geologic circumstances and processes which create this type of concentration are still only partly understood.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10647, title = {Ancient Cold Weather Adaptations in the Northern Great Plains}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {People have lived in the northern part of the Great Plains of North America since the end of the Pleistocene era. Throughout this long period of occupation, the region has been subject to seasonal extremes in climate. This paper surveys ethnohistorical and archaeological records for information about cultural adaptations to cold weather, specifically, adaptations in use before the arrival of Euro-American agriculturists. Important adaptations included: (1) tailored skin clothing; (2) portable tipi housing; (3) communal and individual hunting methods; (4) food storage by freezing, caching, drying, and the use of domestic animals as food; (5) transportation by snowshoes, toboggans and sleds; (6) seasonal distribution of occupation sites; (7) special kinds of winter recreation; and (8) reckoning of time by the passage of winters and the keeping of long-term histories known as winter counts. The survey shows that ethnohistoric records provide a vivid depiction of these adaptations during early historic times. Archaeological evidence reveals the great time depth for several of the practices, changes that occurred in some, and a means for resolution of ethnohistoric problems such as the distribution of cold weather sites.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @article {9574, title = {Canadian Prairies Archaeology, 1886{\textendash}1915: Reliance on External Interest and Expertise}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {179-204}, abstract = {

After launching an ambitious program of mid-continental Canadian archaeology in the late 1870s, members of the Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba suddenly withdrew from field archaeology after 1886. Under political and financial stress, they turned their primary attention to local Euro-Canadian history. The group declined through the turn of the century, but George Bryce and Charles Bell tried to keep interest in Manitoba archaeology alive by appealing to external organizations to take up the work. A number of outsiders did briefly get involved, people and organizations such as T.\ H. Lewis and Warren Upham from Minnesota, Henry L. Reynolds from the Bureau of American Ethnology in Washington, Henry Montgomery from the University of Toronto Museum, and organizers for the Archaeological Institute of America. Although the results were mixed, most of these outsiders made improvements to the region\’s archaeological record and its interpretation. The Manitoba Society\’s final success, on the eve of its own demise, was in helping to create an anthropology division within the National Museum of Canada in 1910. Subsequently, the National Museum commenced archeology in Manitoba in 1912 under W.\ B. Nickerson. Nickerson might have solidified the groundwork for a regional archaeology, but his work was aborted in 1915 and, together with earlier attempts, was all but forgotten.

}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9345, title = {Light from Ancient Campfires: Archaeological Evidence for Native Lifeways on the Northern Plains}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {336-339}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10646, title = {Earth as Archives: Archaeological Perspectives on Landscape Conservation / . La Terre, grand r{\'e}servoir d{\textquoteright}archives : l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}olo}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Human beings leave numerous traces of their activities on and in the earth. Such evidence and its context, form the basis for archaeological interpretations of human history. Archaeological resources are generally recognized as being legally within the public domain which means that the earth is a form of public archives. Unfortunately, with the rise of world-wide industrialized resource extraction, large portions of that archives have been severely disturbed or destroyed. Heritage conservationists have successfully argued for protection of archaeological resources at the artifact and site levels, but have had difficulty obtaining similar protection at the landscape level. Problems include definition, inventory, misperception of threats, misperception of age, conflicts in use and ownership, ineffective justifications, failure to make common cause, and a preservation irony. In spite of the problems there is a substantial body of experience upon which future archaeological landscape preservation can build.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @article {9573, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {109-112}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9114, title = {A Reanalysis of the Long Creek Site: 45 Years after the Excavation}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {145-148}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10650, title = {Comparing Ancient Nomads of the Russian Steppes and Northern Plains}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Ancient Nomads Project generated the first comparison of ancient pastoral nomads of the Russian Steppes and ancient bison-hunting nomads of the Canadian Prairies. Results are being disseminated in exhibition and book form. The exhibition is organized around nine major themes: (1) culture history, (2) environment, (3) herds, (4) travel, (5) subsistence, (6) dwellings, (7) social life, (8) spiritual life, and (9) warfare and trade. The book expands on the same themes. The project revealed amazing similarities in lifestyle and environment, but also crucial differences due to wild versus domestic herds, pedestrian versus equestrian travel, stone-rich versus stone-poor landscapes, and sparse versus moderately dense populations. It uncovered similarities and differences in the approach to archaeology in the two regions {\textendash} comparable emphases on cultural resource management and culture history; but significant differences in focus {\textendash} camp sites and bison-kill sites in the Northern Plains, human burials in the Russian Steppes. Sharp differences also exist in public reactions to archaeology {\textendash} weak knowledge and variable interest in Canada; substantial knowledge and strong interest in Russia.}, author = {Ian Dyck and Ponomarenko, Elena} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9029, title = {Final Report of the 1985 and 1986 Field Seasons at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, Alberta}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {270-274}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10645, title = {A History of Archaeology in the National Museum of Canada, 1911-1950}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The anthropological interests of the Geological Survey of Canada were given a legislative mandate in 1907. First action on the new mandate was taken in 1910, just before the opening of the new Victoria Memorial Museum Building. With support from the nationalistic Government of Sir Wilfred Laurier, the Geological Survey undertook major expansion and specialization of museum functions including establishment of a new anthropology division with an archaeology section. Harlan Smith, an accomplished midcareer American archaeologist with extensive West Coast Canadian experience, was hired to head the professional archaeology section, his engagement on 15 June 1911 marking the beginning of full-time professional archaeology at the federal level. The archaeology of Canadian native peoples was poorly developed in 1911. In Smith{\textquoteright}s view that of southern British Columbia, for which he was a major contributor, was fairly good. Next best was that of Ontario with its large, but poorly studied collections. Arctic prehistory was beginning its emergence, but for all other areas knowledge was minuscule. Smith{\textquoteright}s plan was to survey the great cultural areas, build reference files, and undertake intensive study of at least one important site in each area in order to create a standard which would facilitate additional studies. The plan got a good start during the first several years, but changes in government and the vicissitudes of two world wars coupled with minor and major economic depressions made the next thirty years very difficult. Nevertheless, staff brought landmark studies to fruition for all culture areas and provided leadership in public education, in situ preservation of archaeological resources, disciplinary development, and attempts to find broader economic and social values in archaeological knowledge. Decades of budget restrictions brought the archaeology section to a low point in the mid 1940s. However when the post World War II economic boom took effect in the Museum, the archaeology section began a renewal which led to the hiring of the first new staff since 1924, the severing of a long association with the Geological Survey of Canada, a marked expansion in funding, and an invigorated program for the 1950s.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @article {9572, title = {Retrospective: Canadian Prairies Archaeology, 1857{\textendash}1886: Exploration and Self Development}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {001-039}, abstract = {

Systematic archaeology is generally said to have begun in the Canadian prairies during the late 1930s. Manitoba, however, experienced a much earlier beginning which is now little known and sometimes held up to scorn. Launched as part of government-sponsored explorations in 1857, archaeological development accelerated after 1879 under the auspices of the Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba. The Society undertook an ambitious program which broached the most significant questions of the day\—about the content, distribution and origin of burial mounds. Within less than a decade, they had carried out excavations and surveys from northwestern Ontario to southeastern Saskatchewan while describing their results in local, national, and international publications, and establishing a public museum for their collections. Initially, their work received strong public and political support, but support waned following the second Riel Rebellion.

}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9113, title = {Archaeology in Alberta: A View from the New Millennium}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {370-372}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9228, title = {Plains Indian Rock Art}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {199-202}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10649, title = {EVIDENCE FOR INITIATION OF THE BESANT COMPLEX ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS AT 2500B.P.}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Sjovold Site (EiNs-4) in south central Saskatchewan contains 21 cultural components beginning with the Hanna complex some 4,100 years ago and ending with recent historic materials. Although there is a general correspondence between the sequence of occupations at the Sjovold site and the culture/historical sequence expected for the region, there are anomalies among some of the Sjovold components of the Late Middle Period. One would expect a sequence of Pelican Lake occupations dating from 3000 to 1850 B.P. followed by, and perhaps slightly intermixed with, a series of Besant components dating from 2050 to 1150 B.P. However, Layer XIV marks a distinct interruption in the Pelican Lake sequence of corner notched forms at a date several hundred years earlier than expected. Layer XIVs sample of well made side notched projectile points is associated with a date of 2500{\textpm}85 radiocarbon years B.P. After a review of archaeological literature pertaining to the Northern Plains and surrounding regions, I conclude that the side notched projectile points in Layer XIV are most similar stylistically to those of the Besant complex. The predommance of Knife River Flint, an exotic chipped stone material, is another Layer XIV trait which further supports a Besant identity. I propose, therefore, that Layer XIV material represents an early variant of the Besant complex whose temporal range should be extended backward to 2500 B.P. A noteworthy consequence of this proposal is that the onset of Besant on the Plains now comes close to the beginning of the Sub-Atlantic climatic episode when the Boreal forest of the Western Interior shifted into its historic position bordering the Northern Plains. Moreover, a 2500 B.P. initial date for Besant puts the Northern Plains culture/historical sequence into step with major developments in neighbouring regions, developments such as the initiation of the Woodland Period in the Mississippi Valley of the Eastern Woodlands, and the introduction of bow and arrow technology in the Eastern Great Basin.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10644, title = {The Last Quarter Century in Canadian Plains Archaeology}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Over the past 25 years Canadian Plains archaeology has been transformed from a small-scale, modestly funded, self-disciplined enterprise, based in provincial museums, archaeological societies, universities and national historic parks, into a variable-scale enterprise dominated by cultural resource management imperatives, funded by industrial developers, regulated by provincial governments, and sensitive to aboriginal interests. This paper reviews important developments during this period - in orientation, methods, substantive results and information dissemination.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9112, title = {Americanist Culture History: Fundamentals of Time, Space and Form (Lyman, O{\textquoteright}Brien, and Dunnell, editors) and The Rise and Fall of Culture History}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {172-175}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9041, title = {Material Culture of the Bjorklund Site}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {119}, editor = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10648, title = {HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON A NINETEENTH-CENTURY COLLECTION OF ABORIGINAL POTTERY FROM ALBERTA}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Among the earliest of Alberta collections in the Canadian Museum of Civilization are a couple of handfuls of poorly documented potsherds belonging to a single aboriginal vessel. Reconstruction shows that this was a medium-size globular pot with a vertical cord-impressed body surface, slightly ridged shoulder, near vertical rim, and a flat lip with diagonal notch-like incisions. Historical research reveals that it was collected on the Red Deer River in 1889 by the Geological Survey of Canada{\textquoteright}s first full-time museum employee, Thomas C. Weston. It also shows that collection occurred at an intermediate stage in northern Plains ceramic studies, after the era of manufacture and use, but before the development of anthropological concepts for ceramic analysis. This may account for its lack of analysis during the nineteenth century. Though not well known, this pottery has figured in various twentieth-century ceramic studies. Recent comparison with better documented specimens indicates a probable age in the range of AD 1,100-1,400. Cultural association appears to lie with a poorly established grouping variously known as Ethridge ware, Wascana ware and Late Variant Saskatchewan Basin complex.}, author = {Ian Dyck} } @Conference Paper {10651, title = {Ice Patch as Context: Reconstructing Holocene Alpine Environments in the southern Yukon}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Recent attention to ice patches in the southern Yukon indicates that these features were significant resource locations for past inhabitants of the area, but are a poorly understood part of the cultural landscape. Fluctuations in the formation of ice patches may have been critical in the timing and availability of specific resources. Radiocarbon dates on caribou and bison remains indicate that ice patches were used intermittently throughout the Holocene and were important features within their habitat. To understand ice patches as resource locations, it is necessary to document their depositional and ecological history. Accumulation rates are used to establish a depositional history of ice patches. Plant microfossils (i.e. pollen) collected from stratified layers within the ice, are used to shed light on the ecological history of these locales. Understanding the character of small-scale ecosystem variation among alpine ice patches provides a context for evaluating human land-use of the area.}, author = {Bowyer Vandy E. and Charles E. Schweger} } @article {9575, title = {Problem-Based Magnetometer Survey at the Late Archaic Davidson Site (AhHk-54) in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {274-301}, abstract = {

A recent magnetometer survey from the Late Archaic Davidson Site (AhHk-54) demonstrates the potential of this technique in understanding hunter-gatherer occupations in the Great Lakes Region, and contributes to our understanding of temporal change in the spatial use of the site. Davidson was investigated to test the long held, but little substantiated notion that the Late Archaic represents a time of reduced settlement mobility. Hundreds of features, including storage pits, earth ovens, hearths and the remains of some of the oldest known houses in the Great Lakes region were identified using the magnetometer and indicate that the site is much larger and more complex than previously believed. Ground-truthing of these results through excavation and coring, combined with repeated field-walking of the site to map artifact distributions, allows us to document more fully the extent of intact deposits, the site setting at the time of the occupation and changes in site function and use from the Broad Point to Small Point (Terminal) Archaic. Our findings indicate that more widespread use of geophysical survey techniques on Canadian archaeological sites has the potential to contribute not only to a deeper understanding of the archaeological record, but also to the development of archaeogeophysics from its traditional role in site prospection to more problem-based, theoretically informed applications.

}, author = {Edward Eastaugh and Christopher Ellis and Lisa Hodgetts and James R. Keron} } @Conference Paper {10652, title = {Palaeo-shoreline Reconstruction of Southern Georgia Strait, Pacific Coast}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Continuing research into the nature of post-glacial sea-levels in the Georgia Strait region and their relation to the prehistoric record will be reviewed. Potential application of similar research strategies to Canada{\textquoteright}s eastern coastal regions will be discussed.}, author = {Easton, N. Alexander} } @Conference Paper {10653, title = {1988 Fort Selkirk Culture-History Project: A Community Based Ethno-archaeological Programme}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The 1988 Fort Selkirk Culture-History Project presented the opportunity for meaningful research and cross-cultural experiences at several different levels. On one level it was a traditional archaeological field school in which students were given exposure to methods and techniques of archaeological survey and excavation. On a second, and more important level, the participation of native elders provided both students (14 to 20 years old - none of whom had finished high school) and anthropologists with instruction in traditional culture and history, transforming a typical field school concept into something quite different and, we believe, much more valuable. This paper will discuss both the results of archaeological survey and excavation in the Fort Selkirk, Yukon, area and make suggestions for further projects which might attempt to unify archaeological research with the knowledge, experience, and values of local native groups.}, author = {Easton, N. Alexander and Ruth GOTTHARDT} } @article {9576, title = {Applications of Archaeological GIS}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {319-341}, abstract = {

The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in archaeology seems like a perfect match of technology and application. GIS has found its way into many areas of archaeological research, especially in the area of Cultural Resource Management (CRM). While GIS offers many tools for the archaeologist, its full potential has not been realized. This paper offers a conceptual framework in which GIS procedures can be detailed, as well as a description of those procedures. The state of archaeological GIS in Canada is reviewed, with emphasis on both the academic and CRM applications of GIS. Finally, the paper examines the possibilities of archaeological GIS.

}, author = {David Ebert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9116, title = {Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {258-260}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10656, title = {Modeling Time: Adding a Temporal Dimension to Predictive Models}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Traditionally, archaeological predictive models have used all sites in a region and all time periods to make predictions about where archaeological sites might be located. This approach has come under heavy criticism, given the assumption that sites would have been located according to different criteria on both functional and temporal lines. While it is sometimes difficult to ascertain site function, site temporality is much less problematic.This paper examines the initial results of a project to do archaeological predictive models based on time slices, in order to improve predictive abilities of models. It will examine the difficulties, both methodological and practical of taking this type of approach, and offer tentative conclusions about the benefits of including a temporal dimension in the modeling process.}, author = {David Ebert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9381, title = {Excavation}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {233-235}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10660, title = {Statistical validation of archaeological predictive models}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {When archaeological predictive models (APM) are evaluated, the most common form of validation is through field testing. But how do we evaluate whether a model is sufficiently robust that it merits field testing? This paper proposes a series of statistical tests to validate models for field testing. It discusses the methodology for those tests and the rationale for their use. Finally, it proposes minimum standards for results in these tests for accepting a model as fit for field testing.}, author = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10655, title = {Can{\textquoteright}t Find the Patch for the Trees: Optimal Foraging and the Boreal Forest}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {While Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) has been applied successfully in the study of contemporary hunter-gatherers in the Boreal Forest, its application archaeologically has proved somewhat more problematic. This paper reviews the basics of optimal foraging theory and then discusses the creation of habitat suitability for moose and caribou in the boreal forest of east-central Manitoba. The problems in using these suitability to define OFT patches becomes readily evident. When patches are difficult to identify, it makes the archaeological application of OFT very difficult. The paper concludes with suggestions as to why OFT has operationalization difficulties in archaeology, especially in the study area.}, author = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10659, title = {Predictive Modeling in the Boreal Forest: A Case Study for the Manitoba Model Forest}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In recent years, forestry companies have begun to account for non-timber values of their license areas. Management of their heritage resources has become a factor in management of their cut blocks. In response to this, the Manitoba Model Forest, Inc. (MbMF) sought to investigate management tools for forestry companies to employ, such as archaeological predictive modeling. The model is unique in several respects: 1) it incorporated traditional land-use data into the modeling process and 2) the field-testing component employed students from the Hollow Water First Nation as the field crew. This paper will review the modeling process, the field-testing and discuss the efficacy of the model. It will also examine the potential of predictive modeling in Boreal Forest areas.}, author = {David Ebert and Linda Larcombe} } @Conference Paper {10654, title = {Questions de m{\'e}thodologie en mod{\'e}lisation pr{\'e}dictive}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {David Ebert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9011, title = {Archaeological Survey}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {166-168}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10658, title = {Archaeology and the Internet / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie et Internet}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The information revolution powered by the Internet has had profound implications for archaeologists and the methods by which we can disseminate and retrieve information. The Internet provides many opportunities for archaeologists to share knowledge with other professionals and avocational archaeologists. This paper will examine some of the various resources available on the Internet. It will briefly look at newsgroups dedicated to archaeology on the Internet, as well as e-mail discussion groups related to archaeology. However, the focus will be on important sources of information on the World Wide Web, including a few good {\textquoteright}jumping-off{\textquoteright} points for searching the Web. The paper will also examine other relevant issues as the role of the Internet in Public archaeology and the dangers of the Internet - when any crackpot with a computer and a little knowledge can spread his ideas.}, author = {David Ebert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9117, title = {Archaeological Surveying and Mapping: Recording and Depicting the Landscape}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {112-114}, editor = {David Ebert} } @Conference Paper {10657, title = {Aboriginal Toponymy as a Data Source for Predictive Modeling: A conceptual model}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {One of the greatest challenges in archaeological predictive modeling is moving beyond the {\textquoteright}usual suspects{\textquoteright} of environmental predictor variables. I have argued elsewhere for the importance of incorporating either traditional land-use data or habitat suitability as a source of data for predictive modeling. However, both of these types of data can prove problematic in their acquisition. Increasingly in Canada, First Nations are mapping their traditional territories, as part of the Treaty Land Entitlement process. I believe that the place names collected in these exercises provide a potentially rich source of data for archaeological predictive modeling. However, in order to incorporate these data, a robust conceptual model must be devised. In this paper, I present the beginnings of the concept and design of a conceptual model for the incorporation of Aboriginal place names. Particularly this paper identifies a number of issues with using place name data.}, author = {David Ebert} } @article {11248, title = {Searching for Evidence of Maize Consumption at Cluny: Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Dog and Bison Bone Collagen}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {319{\textendash}331}, abstract = {

The Cluny Fortified Village Site (EePf-1), a Protocontact site (A.D. 1400{\textendash} 1750), has been assigned to the One Gun phase of southern Alberta. While culturally distinct, certain aspects of ceramic decoration and fortification construction are similar to counterparts in the Northeastern Plains Village complex (Toom 2004). Northeastern Plains Village complex sites represent maize horticulturalists in portions of North Dakota, and parts of southern Manitoba and are considered to be an archaeological culture separate from but contiguous with Middle Missouri tradition villages of the Dakotas (Toom 2004). Due to general similarities with maize horticultural cultures to the south and east, it is reasonable to look for evidence of maize at Cluny where it may have been grown, or present as a trade item. The present study addresses this question using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of archaeological bone collagen. No human remains were found at Cluny, so bone collagen from dogs was used as a proxy. Bone collagen from bison was also analysed because bison feed on both C3 and C4 grasses, and therefore consumption of bison by dogs may result in stable carbon isotope ratios that mimic maize consumption. Bison remains had a predominantly C3 plant signature. Dogs at Cluny were consuming little or no maize based on stable isotope analysis of their collagen. Based on the canine surrogacy approach, these results indicate that maize was not a significant part of the diet at Cluny, so while some cultural characteristics of the site reflect a Northeastern Plains Village affiliation, diet is not one of them.

}, author = {Kim Edwards and Dale Allen Walde and M. Anne Katzenberg} } @Conference Paper {10661, title = {The organization of ceramic technology among highly mobile Great Basin groups.}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The ethnographic literature shows that pottery use is uncommon among mobile hunter-gatherers. A number of factors inhibit use of ceramic pots in such societies, including the heaviness and breakability of pots, seasonal conflicts between gathering and pottery production, and low population numbers and low demand for pots. However, highly mobile groups of the late prehistoric Great Basin were able to resolve these issues and made pots. This paper examines how the production and use of earthenware pots was organized among the Paiute and Shoshone despite high residential mobility.}, author = {Eerkens, Jelmer} } @Conference Paper {10663, title = {Investigating Variation in Indigenous Metalworking in Interior North America: Old Copper through Early Contact}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Throughout prehistory, many groups of native people in the Western Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley have been familiar with and used native copper. However, the ways in which they procured it, manipulated it, and used it have varied considerably through time. This synthetic study examines continuity, innovation, and variation in the technical processes through which copper workers of the major metalworking traditions of this region, Old Copper, Havana/Hopewell, and Mississippian, converted this raw material into finished products, and the varied roles these products played in their cultural systems. It then extends the comparison into the early Contact period, when copper-based trade metals became available to Central Algonkian-speaking peoples in new forms and under dramatically changing sets of social and economic circumstances. Findings from recent technological analyses of native Illinois metalworking practices and contexts of use are integrated into the synthesis, bringing the long-term trends in indigenous metals use in the midcontinent into even brighter focus.}, author = {Ehrhardt, Kathleen L.} } @Conference Paper {10662, title = {Archaeometallurgical Investigations into the Metalworking Technology of the Protohistoric Illinois, 1640-1682}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For archaeologists interested in the timing and tempo of native material culture transformation during the earliest phases of European contact, the appearance of new types of copper-base trade metal artifacts on native sites from the period has traditionally served as an important signal of intensifying European influence. However, relatively little attention has been paid to analyzing these artifacts from a technological or compositional perspective. Preliminary results drawn from application of a complimentary suite of archaeometric procedures, including metric, microscopic, metallographic, and compositional analyses using proton-induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) on a sample of 75 copper-base metal artifacts from the late protohistoric/early contact Illiniwek Village Site, Clark County, Missouri are brought together to demonstrate the usefulness of these combined techniques in addressing questions of native appropriation, manipulation, use, and distribution of these metals during the earliest phases of material and technological change. The range, variation, and material character of the artifacts are identified, as are the technical means through which these metals are thought to have been reworked. Results are discussed within larger contexts of native metalworking and technological change among the Illinois.}, author = {Ehrhardt, Kathleen L. and Samuel K. Nash} } @Conference Paper {10666, title = {Cultural and Natural Scar Morphology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Accurate identification of origin for cultural and natural scars is becoming more important for forest management and legal evidence to help demonstrate Aboriginal Title under the Delgamuukw Decision. This paper examines the defining tree ring characteristics of natural and cultural scars on stem-round samples of cedar trees. The importance of taking multiple samples from different heights on the tree stem where there is doubt about origin is stressed. Using tree-ring analysis in combination with field observation will usually allow for absolute determination of cultural or natural origin.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10665, title = {Use of Ethnohistoric Data in Archaeological Predictive Modelling}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Predictive modelling is becoming a major tool used by land managers and First Nations to help determine the appropriate scope of archaeological impact assessment work for proposed developments. Millennia Research Limited has been at the forefront of utilizing GIS to obtain 1:20,000 scale maps that are much more accurate and precise than previous models. Ethnohistoric data has two principal uses in predictive modelling. First, ethnographic and ethnohistoric data regarding land and resource use, seasonal movements, and so on, can help build general models of likely associations between archaeological sites and mapped variables. Secondly,ethnohistoric data (especially traditional use information on resource extraction and habitation sites) can be used as a mapped dataset, which directly contributes to archaeological prediction models. This type of data is used to provide general areas of higher site potential, which is further modified by topographic, vegetation, hydrographic, geological and other variables.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10669, title = {Archaeological Potential Modelling with LIDAR}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Slightly raised landforms have greater archaeological potential than their surroundings even in floodplains. In the muskeg plains and plateaux of the northern Canadian boreal forest, sites are almost invariably located on raised landforms such as knolls, ridges, rises, and terraces. Some of these can be very subtle features. Numerous methods have tried to incorporate these landforms into predictive models by identifying them from conventional maps, remote sensing, and GIS. None of these was successful or inexpensive enough to consider for modelling large areas. A method to model for raised landforms developed by Millennia Research works well to identify medium to large landforms, but lacked a sufficiently detailed DEM to model for microtopographic landforms. LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) is a remote sensing method that will revolutionise many areas of archaeological investigation. LIDAR provides data with sub-metre accuracy even under trees. Data collected for every square metre means that incredibly detailed maps and models can be generated over hundreds of square kilometres. Formerly "featureless" landscapes become highly varied. Millennia Research has further developed the landform identification routines and algorithms to work with LIDAR data to identify a wide range of landforms, down to microtopographic features.Years of archaeological research in north-eastern British Columbia has shown hat topographic features can be the single most important component when modelling for archaeological sites, as these are strongly correlated with large and small landforms. Normally, forest cover is used as a proxy to identify these landforms. However, the sole use of forest cover can result in assigning an area with high potential when it is actually low. In this paper I will present a novel method to model for landforms based on the use of rectangular running windows, and present the results of the ground-truthing of the Archaeological Potential Model developed by Millennia Research for north-eastern British Columbia.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10664, title = {Early Holocene Sites in the Stave River Valley, Southwestern B.C.}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Recent archaeological investigation of the inundated shoreline of Stave Reservoir have resulted in the identification of 28 lithic scatters. Artifact types from these sites suggest that at least some, and perhaps most, date to an early Holocene period. We will discuss the importance of landforms in terms of understanding the early lake, river, and marine environments associated with these sites. This discussion will also be useful in guiding future research associated with locating sites in the montane lake and river valleys of the Lower Fraser River drainage system}, author = {ELDRIDGE, M.T. and D.S. McLAREN} } @Conference Paper {10668, title = {THE GLENROSE CANNERY WET SITE: 4,500 YEAR OLD PERISHABLES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {A woven strap from the beach in front of the Glenrose Archaeological Site, near the mouth of the Fraser River, B.C., was seized from a private collector by the R.C.M.P. and the B.C. Archaeology Branch. The artifact was radiocarbon dated to 4000 B.P., making it the oldest perishable artifact from the Northwest Coast. A Millennia Research crew under the direction of the author subsequently tested the intertidal area to determine the limits and content of the waterlogged component on behalf of the Archaeology Branch. Major excavations at Glenrose were undertaken in the early 1970s by SFU and UBC. The Mercury series site report has been among the standard references for the culture area since that time. Three components were recovered from the upland portion of the site: the Old Cordilleran (8150-5700 B.P.); the St. Mungo (4300-3300 B.P.); and the Marpole (2300-2000 B.P.). No waterlogged materials were encountered during these earlier excavations, however. In 1990, waterlogged cultural materials were found along 250m of beach. Test excavations found the rocky beach surface to be lag apparently collapsed from washed-away shell midden strata. Under the surface were alternating layers of culturally sterile compact silty clay and sandy shell hash. The shell hash contained large quantities of mussel and clam, salmon, flatfish, and sturgeon bone, fire-altered rock, and lithic debitage. Also included were mammal bone and antler, faunal remains and tools, and vegetable materials including perishable artifacts. The last include basketry, a carved wooden tray, a wooden wedge, cordage, detritus, and hundreds of wooden stakes. This assemblage is the oldest waterlogged collection from the Northwest Coast, dated by six radiocarbon dates to between 3950{\textpm}60 and 4590{\textpm}50 B.P. Basketry items are of particular interest due to their sensitivity to cultural processes. Northwest Coast baskets show very strong traditions through thousands of years within ethnic areas, and continued differences between ethnic areas. The seven basketry fragments from Glenrose are mostly beautifully made, with care evident in the close, even spacing, and the closely matched materials. These is a strong emphasis on wrapping techniques (as distinct from plaiting, twining, or coiling). One example has a unique weaving variant, consisting of doubled warps staggered on the inside and outside of a passive weft bound by a single wrapping weft with a consistent up-to-the-right slant. The wrapping technique is generaby associated with Wakashan heavy-duty carrying baskets, although ethnographic Salish made and used similar baskets. Although the basketry from the Glenrose site is generaly similar to these historic Wakashan baskets, there are differences, and some details are similar to 2,000 year-old baskets from Coast Salish territory. Although the sample is too small to make statements about potential ethnic connections with any confidence, the possibility exists of ancestral connections to both the Salish and Wakashan speaking groups. The hundreds of stakes arranged in oblique rows along the riverbank are probably the remains of fish weirs and traps. This interpretation is supported by the huge number of salmon bones in the shell hash layers. The inference is that intensive salmon harvesting, processing and storage were well established at the mouth of the Fraser River by 4600 B.P. Added to other data, it appears that many of the components of Northwest Coast Culture, including massive architecture, wealth accumulation, hereditary status, and ranking were in place by this early date.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @Conference Paper {10667, title = {Archaeological Excavations at the Moulton Creek Site}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {This paper describes results from a small scale investigation at a multi-component housepit village on the South Thompson River near Chase B.C., and compares it to other assemblages in the Interior Plateau. Of special interest is the basal component, which, although the sample is small, may represent a belated Protowestern tradition. This site adds new support to the hypothesis that because of ecological reasons, the cultures of the Fraser and Thompson River areas differed, until recent times.}, author = {Morley Eldridge} } @article {9577, title = {The Antiquity of Fish Weirs on the Southern Coast: A Response To Moss, Erlandson and Stuckenrath}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {112-116}, author = {Morley Eldridge and Steven Acheson} } @Conference Paper {10670, title = {Estimates of Failure Rates in Fluting Based on Archaeological Data: Examples From Northeastern North Arnerica}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The fluting of Early Paleo-Indian bifaces, and failure rates therein, has reccived considerable archaeological attention {\textendash} perhaps at a scale exceeding its relative importance. Nonetheless, if we are to properly evaluate explanations of the origins and function of fluting and the place of particular sites in Paleo-Indian settlement systems, estimates of failure rates are required. To date, such estimates have been largely used on experimental replication, and rarely on archaeological data, and it is suggested these estimates are inaccurate. In order to overcome these problems, three interrelated, yet independent, methods; of estimating fluting failure rates from archaeological data are developed and applied to assemblages from the Parkhill site in Ontario and the Windy City site in Maine. The consistency in the results obtained by these methods inspire faith in their relative accuracy. The results suggest failure rates, at least at these sites, were not on the scale often assumed by previous investigators, being on the order of only 10 to 12\% percent or less.}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and James H. Payne} } @Conference Paper {10674, title = {Nettling: A Preliminary Overview of an Early Archaic "Kirk Comer-Notched Cluster" Site in Southwestern Ontario}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {This paper reports preliminary results of analysis of a large lithic assemblage from the Nettling site, located near the modem Lake Erie shore southwest of London, Ontario. Nettling is the first extensive Early Archaic site to be located in the Great Lakes region. Although largely a surface collection, there is little evidence of other occupations at the site. Moreover, the 800+ tools/preforms in the assemblage are quite homogeneous in terms of the stone sources represented and the tool forms recovered. Ohio cherts dominate the artifact assemblage with Pipe Creek chert from the northwestern part of that state predominating. The tools themselves are virtually identical to those of the Kirk cluster or horizon reported from the southeastern United States, including corner-notched serrated points, expanding base drills, large trianguloid bifacial blades or knives, small end scrapers with parallel-flaked dorsal surfaces, cobble chopper/scrapers, and chipped celts with ground bits. As such, the site should date to ca. 9500-8900 B.P. Implications of the Great Lakes area, continuity and change from earlier Paleo-Indian occupations, and the origin of ground stone tools will be discussed.}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and Stanley A. Wortner and William A. Fox} } @article {9579, title = {Understanding "Clovis" Fluted Point Variability in the Northeast: A Perspective from the Debert Site, Nova Scotia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {205-253}, abstract = {

This paper compares fluted points from the Debert site, Nova Scotia, with assemblages of \&$\#$39;Clovis\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;Clovis-like\&$\#$39; fluted points from across the Midwest and Northeast regions. The focus is on comparison of continuous variables that previous research has suggested may be useful in distinguishing regional, temporal, and artifact life-history variation. The results indicate that while Debert points are most similar to those from such sites as Vail, Maine, and Lamb, New York, they differ significantly in certain characteristics. It is also concluded that the Debert points represent a very exhausted assemblage in comparison to other reported sites. In particular, the Debert assemblage includes a large number of forms with sub-triangular outlines, which all evidence suggests represent the use and reshaping of snapped tips derived from an initial larger, more parallel-sided form. Possible explanations for this emphasis are suggested.

}, author = {Christopher Ellis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9119, title = {Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {326-329}, editor = {Christopher Ellis} } @Conference Paper {10673, title = {Meadowood Phase Occupations on the Caradoc Sand Plain}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Surface surveys of the Caradoc Sand Plain west of London, Ontario have been carried out by D. B. Deller since the 19{\'e}0{\textquoteright}s. This work has documented a large number of sites indicating extensive Early Woodland Meadowood phase occupations in the area. The database, and comparisons with sites from other areas, allow the development of at least preliminary models of Meadowood settlement types in the region. Especially notable is the first reported evidence from southern Ontario of large {\textquoteright}base camps{\textquoteright} comparable to those reported for western New York state. The available lithic assemblages from the sites also provide a large sample with which to evaluate and refine existing models of Meadowood lithic manufacturing and recycling strategies.}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and D. Brian Deller} } @article {9578, title = {Nettling: an Overview of an Early Archaic "Kirk Corner-notched Cluster" Site in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {001-034}, abstract = {

A large Early Archaic lithic assemblage from the Nettling site in Ontario is described. Although largely a surface collection from a ploughed field, the assemblage is quite homogeneous in terms of the tool forms represented and the stone sources employed and there is little evidence of non-Early Archaic occupations at the site. The tool assemblage has a very high percentage of Ohio cherts and, as a whole, duplicates almost exactly materials of the \&$\#$39;Kirk Corner-Notched Horizon\&$\#$39; (ca. 9500 to 8900 B.P.) in the southeastern United States, including corner-notched serrated points, expanding based drills, small dorsally flaked end scrapers, chipped celts with ground bits, ovate chopper/scrapers, etc. Several implications of the Nettling site assemblage are discussed pertaining to our understanding of the culture history and environmental coping strategies of the Early Archaic occupants of the lower Great Lakes area.

}, author = {Chris J. Ellis and Stanley Wortner and William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10672, title = {Typological Relationships of Paleo-Indian Fluted Bifaces from the Hiscock Site, Western New York State}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The gravely clay layer at the Hiscock site is dated to between ca. 11,000 and 10,200 B.P. In addition to the remains of fauna such as mastodon, peccary and California condor, that layer has yielded nine Paleo-Indian artifacts made mainly on local New York raw materials and including at least five fluted points. This paper focuses on the typological relationships of the points. As a whole, the points are morphologically homogeneous and fall within a general category of wider, thicker, more parallel-sided forms reported from several sites in the Northeast/Great Lakes. Detailed comparisons with other regional assemblages of a wide range of characteristics indicate the Hiscock points are different from named types in that general category such as Gainey in that they are relatively narrow at the base, have shallow basal concavities and debatably, are short-fluted. As a whole, they most closely resemble the finds reported from sites like Shoop, Pennsylvania and Paleo Crossing, Ohio.}, author = {Chris Ellis} } @Obituaries {9934, title = {William Roosa (1923{\textendash}1994)}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {135-137}, author = {Chris Ellis} } @Conference Paper {10671, title = {A study of hi-lo points}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {A detailed analysis of a late Paleo-Indian point type (hi-lo) from the lower Great Lakes area is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the explanation of formal variability within this point form in terms of artifact life histories. The analysis includes: 1) a discussion of two variant manufacturing techniques for hi-lo points; 2) the delineation of the {\textquoteright}original{\textquoteright} morphology of the point type prior to resharpening; and 3) by examining how resharpening and breakage in use effects the form of finished points, the presentation of a complex flow model involving several outputs at which hi-lo points can be discarded or lost.}, author = {Ellis, C. and B. Deller} } @Conference Paper {10675, title = {Intuitive Archaeology, A Psychic Approach}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Intuition has been described as {\textquoteright}the immediate learning or knowing of something without the conscious use of reasoning{\textquoteright}. This paper describes a new approach to archaeology research in which the author has received information about archaeological sites and artifacts from a psychic associate who appears to {\textquoteright}know without the conscious use of reasoning{\textquoteright}. In actual fact the whole research program defies reasons and the usual concept of the rational man. The ultimate implications of this alliance of archaeology and para psychology are to say the least {\textquoteright}mind boggling{\textquoteright}.}, author = {J. N. Emerson} } @Conference Paper {10677, title = {Medicinal Curation and Use of Animals by the Itza Maya of Guatemala: Implications for Zooarchaeology}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Ethnoarchaeological research with the Itza Maya reveals a long-standing tradition of animal use for medicinal and medico-ritual purposes. Animals are curated, whole or in part, for use in curing primarily women and children. Some knowledge of medicinal animal use is shared among most women and many men, but other knowledge is specific to ritual healers. Medicinal use activities vary by species and animal portion/body part, materials are often curated over generations, and curated specimens are shared with other community members. These traditions have important implications for zooarchaeological research since they create distinctive discard and non-discard patterns.}, author = {Emery, Kitty F.} } @Conference Paper {10676, title = {Convergent Results From Divergent Methods: A Tripartite Zooarchaeological Analysis of the Maya Collapse in Guatemala}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {New zooarchaeological methods are challenging models of relationships between society and the environment. My use of multiple zooarchaeological techniques in the analysis of animal bones from sites in Guatemala creates overlapping tests of environmental and social models of the Classic "Maya collapse". Combined environmental reconstructions and isotopic analysis of land use reveal strong environmental stability throughout the occupation of the Petexbatun region. This result is supported by a reconstruction of dietary patterns through ecological statistics. However, detailed analyses of worked bone from the region describe changing systems of bone tool production, and suggest that "collapse" patterns are not a direct result of declining environmental conditions or dietary health, but instead reflect the shifting economic and political conditions of the period.}, author = {Emery, Kitty F.} } @Conference Paper {10679, title = {Population Trends Among the St. Lawrence Iroquoians}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {During Late Prehistoric times, there was a large Iroquoian population in northern New York, just east of Lake Ontario and south of the St. Lawrence River. Nineteenth and early twentieth century accounts describe at least 75 village sites in this region. Sometime during the late 15th or early 16th centuries, the region was abandoned. Warfare, European diseases, and climatic change have all been suggested as factors involved in this abandonment. Current research seeks to trace population shifts during the 14th century through to the abandonment in order to document whether this depopulation was sudden or gradual and whether any trend of population nucleation or dispersion was present. Trends in site size, natural defensibility, and the elevation of settlements will also be considered.}, author = {Engelbrecht, William} } @Conference Paper {10678, title = {Erie}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper notes historic references to the Erie and other named groups who are believed to have lived along the Southeastem shore of Lake Erie during the early Contact Period. It also examines the distribution of village sites during the same period. Ceramic patterning within and between these sites is discussed along with postulated sequences of village movement. The Ripley site in Southwestern New York, some 70 miles south of the cluster of village sites near Buffalo, is ceramically highly similar to these sites and represents an anomaly.}, author = {Engelbrecht, William} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9321, title = {Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {340-342}, editor = {Engelbrecht, William} } @Conference Paper {10681, title = {Archaeological Investigations at Cannington Manor Historic Park}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Cannington Manor is a historic settlement site located in the Moose Mountain area of Southeastern Saskatchewan. The village achieved its fame through a group of English expatriates who came to Canada hoping to re-create an {\textquoteright}English rural life of leisure{\textquoteright} as prosperous farmers. Known generally as {\textquoteright}the English group{\textquoteright}, these settlers devoted a great deal of time to pursuits such as music, art, and sport. Race days, fox hunts, tennis parties, and musical evenings created a body of legend surrounding the site. Cannington life wasn{\textquoteright}t all dances and tea parties, however. In addition to the wealthy English, Cannington{\textquoteright}s community included hard-working farming families from Britain, Ontario, Manitoba, and the Maritimes. Through a discussion of archaeological investigations conducted at the town site in 2000 and 2001, this presentation examines the ways in which these two groups of people got along and created Cannington Manor in the newly-developed west.}, author = {Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin} } @Conference Paper {10680, title = {The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9): A Late Precontact Bison Processing and Habitation Site}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The Bill Richards Site (FaNp-9) is a late precontact bison processing and habitation site located immediately south of the city of Saskatoon. The site is named for late the Bill Richards, a Saskatoon Archaeological Society member and avid avocational archaeologist. This site has been excavated extensively in the past. Both the Saskatoon Archaeological Society and the University of Saskatchewan collaborated on a field school in which substantial excavations were conducted. In the fall of 2004, Stantec Consulting Ltd. completed the final mitigatory excavations of the Bill Richards Site. A total of 105 square meters have been excavated at the site, with the final 30 in 2004. In addition to a great deal of highly fragmented, burned and calcined bone, the site exhibits predominantly Late Side-notched projectile points and Mortlach pottery. This presentation will discuss the final findings and conclusions of the Stantec Consulting Ltd. project and attempt to integrate those findings with information gained from previous excavations.}, author = {Enns-Kavanagh, Kristin and Steven C. Kasstan} } @Conference Paper {10682, title = {HISTORY, HERITAGE AND THE INUIT OF NUNAVIK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The cultural heritage importance of history as perceived by the Inuit of Nunavik and the work of the Avataq Cultural Institute in the preservation of traditional Inuit knowledge are outlined.}, author = {Epoo, Johnny} } @Conference Paper {10684, title = {Beyond Disorder: Chaos in Culture Change}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Ecological and other biological concepts are employed commonly by archaeologists and anthropologists to explain cultural adaptation and change processes. Often, cultural evolution is compared to biological evolution, meaning speciation. Cultural systems dynamics, however, are related more realistically to ecosystem dynamics. Especially suitable is the application of non-linear dynamical systems theory to ecological and cultural systems changes. The result is a new emphasis on life history evolution rather than speciation only. Self-organized life systems maximize long-term survival by adjusting to non-linear external influences, such as climate, via punctuated or pulsating unrepeated system state changes. All macroscopic systems, cultural systems included, are non-reversible, time-dependent and, therefore, non-linear or dynamical, each with its own sequence of unrepeated states or trajectory, entropically drawn to states of increasing disorder. When plotted mathematically, dynamical systems trajectories behave as fractals, bifurcating and separating exponentially with unpredictable yet infinite repetition in finite space. This causes the trajectories to fold over and wind around loci called strange or chaotic attractors, the basis of chaos theory. Chaotic trajectories cut ordered paths through a morass of random influences. The result is simplicity within complexity, order within seeming disorder or chaos, a basic structure of self-organization common to systems which are subject to unpredictable, random influences. This recently proposed chaos paradigm in science is the result of a new search for non-regularities or unrepeated phenomena, rather than the traditional search for regularities only which relegates chaos to background {\textquoteright}noise.{\textquoteright} The new paradigm includes a new deterministic emphasis in science. This is in the form of a new causality in which the order within seeming disorder cuts a predetermined path through chaotic or non-regular influences, the structure of the macroscopic order determined by the confinement of the disorder within finite boundaries. The change process is fractal, the trajectories of change bifurcating exponentially until they reach the limits of their physical parameters. Should a trajectory break out of these parametric limits, the bifurcation process begins all over again. Each bifurcation point is, in effect, a decision point, determining the paths of the trajectories until they reach further bifurcation points. This is similar to the {\textquoteright}pulsating{\textquoteright} ecosystem change process newly proposed by Howard Odum, is related to Stephen J. Gould{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}punctuated equilibrium{\textquoteright} evolutionary theory and is based directly on chaos theory. It is a case of entropy sowing the seeds of its own demise - increasing randomization can result only in the chaotic order which springs from random behaviour, resulting in re-affirmation of the order to disorder to restructuring sequence. The suggested chaotic cultural order functions so that uncertainty alternates with certainty on a pulsating basis, with a new system state path partly determined by its former state, and partly by chance changes occurring during the chaotic or decision intervals. Thus, the deterministic nature of cultural systems changes is due to an ordered form of disorder which occurs on a pulsating basis, and which provides {\textquoteright}choice{\textquoteright} or trajectory alternatives. However, once a state emerges from a chaotic interval, its trajectory is predetermined by the system order until it collapses once more into a chaotic state.}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @article {9580, title = {The Other Face of Janus: Research in the Service of Archaeological Resource Management}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {095-113}, abstract = {Lately some prominent members of the discipline have criticized applied archaeology, especially its research standards and low productivity of new knowl- edge relevant to the interests of academics. More serious, however, has been the entire descipline{\textquoteright}s inability to show concretely the effectiveness of its methods and the importance of its goals to government and industry. This dilemma seems resolvable by turning the first problem around to address the second. That is, archaeologists need to concentrate on how to better manage the resource base and how to improve the attendant research, be it applied or academic in nature. Such a change in focus requires a fundamental reorientation. Good impact assessment or mitigation work must provide information for resource management decision- making and scientific explanation. Ecology, undergoing many of the same diffi- culties and adjustments as archaeology, is beginning to reconcile its management and scientific responsibilities by concentrating on how better research can con- tribute to improved impact assessments and environmental management. We would do well to consider ecology{\textquoteright}s findings. For it is time for archaeology to likewise improve its management and scientific services to the public, rather than continue to use applied research activities only as opportunities to serve itself within a narrow, academic view of the discipline.}, author = {Henri T. Epp and Brian F. Spurling} } @Conference Paper {10683, title = {New Land Ethic: Relationship to Archaeology / Une nouvelle {\'e}thique de la Terre : les rapports de cette {\'e}thique avec l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}o}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Pervading the world of environmental conservation at this time is promotion of a new land ethic. This is the ecocentric ethic, which rejects the western economic tenet that nature exists exclusively for our use and abuse and that economic growth is more important than environmental integrity. The ecocentric ethic places a higher value on the environment and its protection than it does on humanity, which is considered to be no more than part of that environment. Many environmentalists believe that general acceptance of the ecocentric ethic will lead to greatly improved human-environment relationships in the future, saving the environment, biodiversity, and humanity from extinction caused by our nature exploitation excesses. Recent studies show that indeed there is a new environment ethic developing in technological societies, but it is only a partial shift toward the ecocentric ethic, retaining a good measure of the old anthropocentrism. Concomitant with and related to the ethical shift is development of the landscape ecosystem approach in environmental or land management. Basic to this approach is the intent to maintain landscape integrity, thereby ensuring that ecosystem processes remain intact. Archaeological information is part of the landscape ecosystem, part of past anthroposystems within ecosystems. The landscape archaeology related to this more general environmental management approach incorporates both the academic or explanatory and resource management sides of archaeology. The academic side concentrates on how past humans related to their environments, including their own perceptions of this. Explanatory hypotheses may include the relationships of material cultural distributions to physical and biological landscapes, demographics, and finding punctuated material cultural change and stasis intervals in the archaeological record. The resource management side is beginning to focus less on salvage of information from developments perceived as inevitable, and more on being part of overall landscape planning and management to ensure retention of landscape integrity, thereby hopefully obviating the need for most salvage operations. This management approach includes input from relevant traditional and local peoples at the decision-making level.}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @article {9626, title = {Archaeology and the environmental impact study}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {032-047}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @article {9581, title = {Human Effect: Dynamical Extinction-Expansion Process}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {093-105}, abstract = {

Throughout the last two decades much has been written on the possible cause of the well documented North American late glacial large mammal extinctions. An important explanation of this mass extinction phenomenon has been to single out human hunters as a primary cause. A new look at the sequence and nature of the factual evidence reveals another possibility. Also well documented are the large mammalian and human population expansions and dispersions which occurred during and immediately following the extinction process. As ecological niches were vacated and ecosystems changed, presenting new opportunities, the megafaunal extinctions were superseded by an actual population increase and dispersion of several remaining megafaunal genera, especially bison, major human resources. I suggest that the continuing and accelerating post-extinction human population expansion was more an effect of the megafaunal extinctions than a major cause. System feedback, normal in non-equilibrium systems, including ecosystems, however, likely contributed to a coup de gr\’ce effect.

}, author = {Henri T. Epp} } @article {9582, title = {Archaeological Distribution and Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Glass From Obsidian Cove, Suemez Island, Southeast Alaska}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {089-095}, author = {Jon M. Erlandson and Madonna L. Moss and Richard E. Hughes} } @Conference Paper {10687, title = {Dorset Palaeoeskimo Settlement Patterns in White Bay, Newfoundland}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Located on the northeastern coast of the island of Newfoundland, the Dorset Palaeoeskimo occupation of Shelley Garden is interpreted as a warm weather habitation/workshop site on the basis of its association with the Fleur de Lys soapstone quarry and its inner coastal location. As a large inner coastal habitation site, Shelley Garden is somewhat of an archaeological anomaly that can be tied to its use with the soapstone quarry. It is argued, however, that Shelley Garden also served as a large warm weather base camp. Although locations for warm weather Dorset occupations are suggested in models for Dorset subsistence and settlement on the island of Newfoundland, they are rarely demonstrated archaeologically. In contrast, to large outer coastal Dorset habitation sites that are associated with the acquisition of harp seals, it is proposed that the location large inner coastal warm weather Dorset sites are strategically located relative to the acquisition of more than a single important resource.}, author = {Erwin, John} } @article {9583, title = {Form and Function of Projectile Points and the Trajectory of Newfoundland Prehistory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {46-67}, abstract = {

The adoption of bow-and-arrow technology by Recent Indian peoples on the island of Newfoundland has been accepted on the basis of untested observations of the archaeological record. This study investigates the period circa 1000 BP, when the replacement of the Beaches complex by the Little Passage complex is purported to be marked by the introduction of bow-and-arrow technology. Metric analysis of 840 projectile points confirms this technological transformation, but disputes the notion that projectile point function can be linked to current complex signatures\—notably, the presence of side-notching or corner-notching on projectile points. This analysis suggests that bows-and-arrows did not immediately replace spear throwers-and-darts, but rather, were complementary to the Recent Indian tool kit. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of bow-and-arrow technology may be linked to the departure or demise of (Middle) Dorset Palaeoeskimo populations on the island.

}, author = {John C. Erwin and Donald H. Holly Jr. and Stephen H. Hull and Timothy L. Rast} } @Conference Paper {10686, title = {Changement de nature et de fonction de Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden : perspective diachronique d{\textquoteright}un site pal{\'e}oesquimau du Dors{\'e}tien \&agra}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {John C. Erwin} } @Conference Paper {10685, title = {Revisiting Fleur de Lys 1, a Dorset Soapstone Quarry in Newfoundland}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The soapstone quarry in Fleur de Lys, Newfoundland has been the subject of archaeological interest for almost a century. While initially believed to be Beothuk in origin, Diamond Jenness suggested in his synthesis {\textquoteright}The Indians of Canada{\textquoteright} (1932), that the numerous carvings along the exposed soapstone outcrops might be attributable to his newly discovered Cape Dorset culture. Although many researchers have commented upon the significance of the quarry, little archaeological evidence had ever been cited to support claims concerning the nature, use and importance of this site until the 1980s. Despite the lack of any major excavation, the quarry{\textquoteright}s significance went unquestioned throughout most of this time due to the fact that it was the only known Dorset soapstone quarry of its kind. A full scale excavation in 1997/98 and ongoing analyses have: (1) shown that the extent and complexity of the quarry deposits exceed all previous descriptions; (2) defined the Dorset quarrying tool kit by way of a four stage reduction model; and (3) demonstrated that soapstone vessels were finished at the quarry site. This research also has implications for defining a north eastern variant of Dorset culture on the island of Newfoundland.}, author = {Erwin, John} } @Conference Paper {10688, title = {Recent excavations from the Nimiuktuk valley, Brooks Range, Alaska: using GIS spatial analysis to discriminate between assemblages in near-surface sit}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Recent excavations at the Nim-5 and Nim-11 archaeological sites in the Nimiuktuk River valley of the Brooks Range, northwest Alaska, have produced a variety of artifact styles dating to roughly 4,000-7,000 B.P. Formal artifacts include side-notched projectile points, lanceolate-shaped bifacial points, wedge-shaped microblade cores, and wide, oval-platformed microblade cores. These technologically diverse artifacts, although functionally similar, appear to occur in spatially associated contexts and potentially result from the same occupation. Discrete assemblages are difficult to discern at these sites, however, because artifacts clusters on or near the ground surface might also result from different activities or episodes of site occupation. Spatial analysis using GIS technology has been useful for distinguishing assemblages at the sites where components are not stratigraphically separated.}, author = {ESDALE, Julie} } @Conference Paper {10690, title = {Le site Rbs : Analyse d{\textquoteright}un site de production de microlames vieux de 8000 ans dans le Nord-Ouest de l{\textquoteright}Alaska}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {ESDALE, Julie and Jeff Rasic} } @Conference Paper {10689, title = {Periglacial Geoarchaeology of the Dog Creek Site, Northern Yukon}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Dog Creek (NcVi-3) is an unusual site in the northern Yukon because it contains artifacts buried in stratified context. Periglacial processes have made the stratigraphic interpretation quite complex. Geoarchaeological research at Dog Creek aims to determine the relationship between surficial artifacts, buried artifacts and stratified sediments. Understanding the site taphonomy since deposition of the artifacts is necessary to interpret a minimum age for occupation. The artifacts were interpreted to be buried by solifluction based on the organic soil in which they were located, fabric data, refitting of artifacts, and the sedimentology of the deposits. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the artifacts were buried by 3800 B.P.}, author = {ESDALE, Julie and Raymond LeBlanc} } @Conference Paper {10692, title = {Towards a Social Archaeology of the Southern Northwest Coast}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Pacific Northwest Coast is an example of dominant evolutionary themes structuring the analysis of archaeological data sets that can almost exclusively be considered interrupted. This follows from the difficulty accumulating archaeological knowledge in a sparsely populated and environmentally diverse region of the world. The information that has been gathered from archaeological sites over this mountainous, rugged coastline is constricted both temporally and spatially. The nature of archaeological data on the Northwest Coast thus lends itself well to evolutionary debates while at the same time leaving historical narratives little in the way of a grounding. This situation is beginning to change, however, in several regions of the Northwest Coast. In the Gulf of Georgia a foundation of archaeological research results now exists that is detailed enough to begin to build an historical interpretation of social life. Employing existing archaeological data a detailed example explores the meanings of a new framework for interpretation.}, author = {Ewonus, Paul} } @Conference Paper {10691, title = {Zooarchaeological Perspective on Late Prehistoric Social Landscapes in the Southern Strait of Georgia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {This paper emphasizes the value of a social archaeological approach to the study of pre-contact zooarchaeological data. The Dionisio Point site on Galiano Island is the point of departure for a consideration of regional economic patterns within a social context. Discussion begins with an examination of spatial patterns evident within House 2 at Dionisio Point, one of five large house depressions visible at the site. The primary goal is to address patterning within the fauna in relation to previously described artifact and feature data. These data have indicated status differentiation within House 2. The faunal assemblage, however, presents a somewhat different window into the social economy of the time. Situating the zooarchaeological data from Dionisio Point within the social landscape of the southern Gulf of Georgia offers an opportunity to view the site within a multi-scalar continuum of interaction. A coherent narrative of daily routines, their meanings and contingencies alongside knowledge of seasonal movements on the landscape place the unique zooarchaeological data from Dionisio Point in regional perspective.}, author = {Ewonus, Paul} } @Conference Paper {10693, title = {Neolithic Potters and Ceramic Technology}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The study of ceramic technology has become a common way to approach the economical, social and cultural aspects of pottery. However too often, the use of the term {\guillemotleft}technology{\guillemotright} is being limited to the study of techniques in their mechanical and functional dimensions. On the other hand, if technology is being refered to as the interaction of materials, tools and gestures, it permits to deal with all the decision making processes.which underlie the ceramic production. The technological study of two Neolithic ceramic assemblages from South-eastern Italy is thus aiming at a better understanding of the various modalities involved in making pots. By using the operational concept of the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire, each stage of the ceramic production is being studied in order to identify the processes and decisions made by the potters to achieve a common goal.}, author = {Eygun, Guilmine} } @Conference Paper {10694, title = {Fish, Flesh, or Fowl: In Pursuit of a Diet-Mobility-Climate Continuum Model for the Cis-Baikal}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The dynamics of changing environmental and climatic regimes, cultural and technological diversity, and changes in mobility strategies are critical variables in modeling forager use of various resource habitats through time. Model matrices for considering variations in resource distribution and climatic regimes in the Cis-Baikal region are established to provide some expectations of how and why dietary and mobility patterns might vary through time and across space. The model predicts increased emphasis on lacustrine resources in cool periods, and an increased use of riverine resources in dry periods. It also predicts high mobility between lakeshore and riverine environments in warm, wet periods, and low mobility during cool, dry periods. Trace element analysis of human and faunal remains suggests that the subarctic forest was a more important resource habitat during the Early Neolithic (5800-5200 B.C.), whereas boreal forest habitats were far more prominent in later periods. Trace element analysis from the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age sites of Khuzhir Nuge (Ol{\textquoteright}khon region) and Obkhoi (Upper Lena region) suggests that at least part of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age was warm and wet, with a strong subsistence emphasis on terrestrial resources. Considerable mobility between lakeshore and riverine environments appears to have occurred at this time as well.}, author = {Ezzo, Joseph A.} } @Conference Paper {10695, title = {St. Lawrence Iroquoian Problem Areas - 1993}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Some of the problems confronting St. Lawrence Iroquoian archaeology will be examined on several levels ranging from those revealed by current (1992) topical literature regarding the Iroquoians and anthropological literature collateral to Iroquoian archaeology, to those inherent in current St. Lawrence Iroquoian archaeological orthodoxy.}, author = {Pendergast James F.} } @article {9584, title = {Dechyoo Njik (MlVm{\textendash}4) and Traditional Land Use Patterns on the Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {029-050}, abstract = {

This paper presents the results of the excavation and analysis of the Dechyoo Njik site (MlVm-4), a late prehistoric/historic camp located in the southwestern portion of the Old Crow Flats area, in the Northern Yukon Territory. Dechyoo Njik was used as a summer multi-functional location, for the gathering of various resources including fish, migratory waterfowl and muskrats. The artifact collection revealed the presence of a well-integrated technological system, characterized by the manufacture of simple stone tools aimed at sustaining a complex bone and antler industry. The prehistoric component of the site is culturally affiliated with the Klo-kut Phase (from A.D. 700 to the Historic Period).

}, author = {M{\'e}lanie Fafard and Raymond LeBlanc} } @Conference Paper {10696, title = {Traditional Land Use Patterns in the Southwestern Portion of the Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {The excavation, in 1997, of an archaeological site (MlVm-4) located on the southwestern portion of the Old Crow Flats area has provided valuable information concerning the traditional land use patterns of Native people in the northwestern Yukon Territory. The site is located on a sand bar, at the confluence of Schaeffer creek with a smaller stream locally know as Dechyoo (goose with red feet and nose) njik (creek). A single radiocarbon date on worked antler suggests a very late context of protohistoric occupation. The lithic and osseous industries encountered at the site appear to be culturally affiliated with the Klo-kut Phase (A.D. 700 up to the Historic Period), recognized at Klo-kut and Rat Indian Creek, two caribou hunting camps located on the Porcupine River. Historic remains were also collected at the site, thus indicating the presence of a more recent occupation. The analysis of the faunal remains revealed that the site was a multifunctional location, primarily used for fishing, muskratting, and bird hunting. The presence of these three dominant taxa in the collection indicates that the occupations at the site mostly took place somewhere between March and late September. Thus, it seems that MlVm-4 represent a complement to locations such as the Klo-kut and Rat Indian Creek sites. While these were almost exclusively used for the acquisition of caribou, at MlVm-4, supplementary resources were used for subsistence.}, author = {M{\'e}lanie Fafard} } @Conference Paper {10697, title = {Spatial Analysis of an Early Thule Dwelling from Assuukaaq Island, Northern Quebec}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents a preliminary spatial analysis of a Thule semi-subterranean dwelling from site JhEv-3, located in Burgoyne Bay on the southern coast of Hudson Strait. The interpretation is based on spatial distribution of artifacts, faunal remains, lithic debris, in addition to stratigraphy. Based on visual inspection, the house can be separated into three distinct spatial units: the inside, the midden and the peripheral area. These clusters provide information concerning house construction, maintenance and abandonment. The presentation will provide a small-scale example of Early Thule occupation on the southern coast of Hudson Strait.}, author = {FARID, Emma} } @Conference Paper {10698, title = {Provenance of Lead in Lead M{\'e}tal and Pewter in 17th Century and Early 18th Century Historic Sites in Illinois and Ontario}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Lead isotope analyses can be successfully and directly used to differentiate the source of the metal in lead and pewter samples at 17th and 18th century historic sites in central and northeastern North America. The data suggest that a single mineral deposit in the Upper Mississippi Valley (UMV), and at least two in the south-east Missouri (SEM) lead-zinc mining area were exploited. The latter deposits can also be differentiated on the basis of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for their copper and silver contents. With the present small database, NAAcannot be used to distinguish SEM from UMV or European deposits. Tin concentrations suggest that artifact production involved the occasional addition of small amounts of pewter to lead products. Even some of the lead that originated from. Europe contains tin, implying that remelting of metals may have taken place after importation. The ore sources of European leads are not known, because there is no isotopic data base for comparison. It does appear that at least three separate deposits may have been involved.}, author = {Farquhar, R. M. and I.A. Walthall and R.G.V. HANCOCK} } @Conference Paper {10699, title = {Early Lead Smelting in the Mid-Western United States: Lead Isotope Evidence}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Utilization of the rich lead-zinc deposits of Missouri (SEM) in early historic times, has been documented, but there are no records that the ore from mineral occurrences in the Upper Mississippi Valley (UMV) was exploited. Lead isotope analysis of Lead artifacts (mainly musket balls and metallic debris) found on mid eighteenth century sites in Illinois (Guebert, Kolmer, Fox encampment, Starved Rock outpost) show clearly that both SEM and UMV sources were used to supply raw materials for those products. The same technique indicates that European lead was also being used. Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA) on the available suite of samples record a broad range of trace elernents, none of which distinguish the sources.}, author = {Farquhar, R. M. and J. A. Walthall and R. G. Hancock} } @Conference Paper {10700, title = {Digital Photography for Archaeologists}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Digital photography for archaeologists will cover types of digital cameras, uses of digital images as well as modifications of images. Examples will include the field, the lab and the classroom.}, author = {Farrow, Debi} } @Conference Paper {10702, title = {Boreal Forest Archaeological Potential Modeling: The Tommy Lakes Integrated Information Project}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The present archaeological potential model used by Government agencies in northeastern British Columbia for management and planning purposes relies almost exclusively on digital information generated from digitized terrain maps. While the model is an efficient method of assessing relative archaeological potential over large areas, modeling attributes have not been critically examined for accuracy. The existing model also lacks some important variables, and as a result, a refined model has been produced. It is presently being tested on the Tommy Lakes area of NE BC, and incorporates real-life information gathered on the project area (i.e. geomorphology, wildlife habitats, traditional ecological knowledge). While the identification of archaeological potential is a key purpose of this new model, it also aims to reduce the visual and physical impacts of forestry developments on heritage sites and cultural landscapes in the area through informed planning and management.}, author = {Favarque, R{\'e}mi N.R. and Vandy E. Bowyer and Andrew de Vries} } @Conference Paper {10701, title = {Assessing the Impact of Geophysical Projects on Archaeological Sites: Model and Fact}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {An increasing number of geophysical exploration projects are subject to archaeological impact assessments under British Columbia{\textquoteright}s Heritage Conservation Act. While present modeling allows the identification of areas within the developments with a potential to contain buried archaeological remains, industry practices make it difficult to conduct field work prior to development. As such, verification of impacts must be completed after the fact. Impact assessments of three geophysical projects are described, illustrating the weakness and strengths of present government management policies and practices.}, author = {Favarque, R{\'e}mi N.R. and DAHLSTROM, Bruce} } @Conference Paper {10703, title = {The way in which archaeologists interpret their data depends on an often unstated conception of what they believe the archaeological remains mean in t}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, author = {Fawcett, C.} } @Conference Paper {10704, title = {Archaeology without Artifacts: Research Experiences Outside of Excavation}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {One goal of my MA research was to talk to people and record their oral histories and opinions on archaeology. I wanted to engage the community in their rich history and current archaeological explorations of the past. Armed with digital recorder in hand, I went to the Inuit community of Nain, Labrador with the na{\"\i}ve enthusiasm that I assume many graduate students have before embarking on their first real research project.}, author = {Amelia Fay} } @Conference Paper {10705, title = {IROQUOIAN VILLAGE ECOLOGY}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Patterns in Iroquoian village relocation are presented. Typically, a village was located at the edge of its agricultural catchment and relocated a distance of two kilometres. Reasons for this relocation pattern are evaluated in light of archaeological, geographical, and historical data for a cluster of thirteenth and early fourteenth century village sites near Burlington, Ontario. A strategy for Iroquoian village relocation is offered, emphasizing the interrelationships between temperate forest regeneration and Iroquoian demands for cleared fields, building supplies, and firewood.}, author = {Fecteau, Rudy and Jim Molnar and Gary Warrik} } @Conference Paper {10707, title = {Domestic Architecture as a Symbol of Power: An Example from Chiapas, Mexico / L{\textquoteright}architecture domestique, symbole de puissance : l{\textquoteright}exemple du}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The household is the basic unit of organization within any society and, as such, provides an appropriate point of departure for the study of prehistoric social and economic organization, including the development of social inequality. Variations in wealth and power within a community are frequently expressed in domestic architecture. Because houses are durable material symbols that can be continually expanded and elaborated, they are ideal for displaying social, economic and political divisions. Ongoing investigations at the site of Paso de la Amada, located near the Pacific Coast of southern Chiapas, Mexico, have produced an emerging picture of an Early Formative (1550-1150 BC) village in the incipient stages of developing social inequality. Six superimposed house floors have been excavated on Mound 6, the largest of several earthen mounds at the site. The houses represented by these floors were large structures built on a clay platform of monumental proportions. At least some of the houses appear to have been unique in the community, in terms of their form, size, and elaborateness, and they likely served as a visual display of the elevated status and power that their occupants held within the community.}, author = {FEDDEMA, Vicki and Michael BLAKE} } @Conference Paper {10706, title = {Coping with the Growing Pains: CMTs as Archaeological Resources}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {In 1997, the majority of permits issued in British Columbia by the Archaeology Branch were for forestry-related studies. In coastal regions, especially, culturally modified trees (CMTs) are the focal point of such studies. Until relatively recently, CMTs were not considered to be {\textquoteright}real{\textquoteright} archaeological resources, in the same sense as lithics, fish weirs, or petroglyphs, for example. This was primarily because it is often impossible to determine the precise date of modification of a CMT and, by extension, whether or not the CMT is protected under the Heritage Conservation Act. Without clear precedents as to how to deal with CMTs as archaeological resources, and in the absence of established standards of practice within the archaeological community, different individuals and consulting companies are dealing with CMTs in very different ways. This is creating confusion and discord among archaeologists, our forest industry clients, and the First Nations within whose traditional territories we are working.}, author = {FEDDEMA, Vicki} } @article {9585, title = {Response to David Morrison{\textquoteright}s "Fedirchuk on Julian Technology" in a Reassessment of the Julian Complex, Fisherman Lake, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {081-083}, abstract = {

Morrison\&$\#$39;s conclusions regarding the Julian Technology are questioned. Although he refutes the distinctiveness, coherence, and uniqueness of the Julian Technology, his interpretations of the assemblage indicate that the artifacts exhibit the same qualities which he denies it has.

}, author = {Gloria J. Fedirchuk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9123, title = {Contributions to Plains Prehistory}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {209-210}, editor = {Gloria J. Fedirchuk} } @Conference Paper {10711, title = {Early Period Archaeology in Gwaii Haanas}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Results of preliminary archaeological and paleoecological investigations in the Juan Perez Sound area of Haida Gwaii on the Northwest Coast are presented. These include reconnaissance at several Early Period intertidal lithic sites as well as archaeological excavations and paleoecological analysis of two sites on Arrow Creek, Matheson Inlet. Results show that the sites were occupied during a time of rapid sea-level change. The oldest archaeological remains date to shortly before 9,200 RCYBP and the youngest to 5,650 RCYBP. The discovery of well-preserved archaeological deposits in a setting that has been subject to marine transgression and regression offers promise for the eventual discovery of earlier archaeological sites at much lower sea-levels and a better understanding of early human occupation of the Northwest Coast.}, author = {Daryl Fedje} } @Conference Paper {10710, title = {Remote imagery of deeply drowned early post-glacial alluvial landscapes}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Based on global sea level history we can, in general terms, delineate the broad areas of the BC continental shelf that would have been subaerially exposed 12,000 to 13,000 years ago. Specific regional differences can be anticipated primarily due to isostatic factors but, at least on the outer coast, these will include forebulge effects which will tend to augment subaerial exposure. We now have a sea-level curve that details the last 12,000-plus years history of relative sea-level change in western Hecate Strait. Using this curve and existing bathymetric data we can reconstruct the regional landscape at 12,000 to 13,000 BP. From this we can see that the environment of eastern Haida Gwaii was very different to that of today. Most recently, imaging early post-glacial landscapes in parts of western Hecate Strait has progressed to the point where a variety of terrestrial landforms, now deeply drowned, can be resolved and positioned to the sub-metre level. Swath bathymetric imagery in southern Juan Perez Sound provides landscape detail superior to the air photo coverage of adjacent Moresby Island. We can predict potential locations of archaeological sites on this landscape, however, the challenge is to overcome the logistics of sampling at ocean depths of 100 to 140 metres.}, author = {FEDJE, D.W. and H. JOSENHANS} } @Conference Paper {10709, title = {A Projectile Point Sequence for Haida Gwaii}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Twenty years ago the combined archaeological assemblages of Haida Gwaii were remarkable for a unique negative trait: a near absence of chipped stone bifaces. Unlike the BC Mainland, and the rest of the Americas for that matter, this still holds true for the post-8,000 BP archaeological record. Recent work across Haida Gwaii shows that prior to 8,000 BP chipped stone projectile points are common. Here we present a brief description of a projectile point chronology for Haida Gwaii that includes ca. 10,600 BP basally ground leaf shaped points; 10,000 to 8,500 BP teardrop shaped bipoints and lanceolate points; 8,000 to 5,000 BP microblade armed composite points and post-5000 BP bone and wooden points.}, author = {Daryl Fedje and Quentin Mackie and Duncan McLaren and Tina CHRISTENSEN} } @Conference Paper {10713, title = {The Sea Also Rises: Early Holocene Occupation on a Dynamic Landscape}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper will present preliminary results from two intertidal sites in southern-most Haida Gwaii and place them in the context of a period of rapid marine transgression. Waterlogged deposits in a test at one of these sites produced a small assemblage of fauna including bear, caribou, bird, sea mammal, fish, and shellfish in association with abundant stone tools. A date of ca. 9,500 BP was obtained on spirally fractured caribou bone from these deposits.}, author = {Daryl Fedje and Quentin Mackie and Cynthia Lake} } @article {9587, title = {Sea-levels and Archaeology in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {234-253}, abstract = {

A sea-level history is being built for the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR) by radiocarbon dating paleo-marine and archaeological organic samples. This work highlights visibility issues for this region for shore-proximal sites older than one or two millennia. It also demonstrates the need to ensure that archaeological assessments include systematic investigation, with shovel and auger testing, in the intertidal zone.

}, author = {Daryl W. Fedje and Ian D. Sumpter and John R. Southon} } @Conference Paper {10708, title = {Karst Caves and Drowned Landscapes: Windows on Environmental Change and Archaeological Visibility at the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {During the latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene the Northwest Coast was subject to a series of rapid environmental changes. Paleolimnological studies demonstrate changes in relative sea level position, vegetation communities and climate. Landscape modeling of the Haida Gwaii archipelago, including swath bathymetry of the sea floor, allows production of physical images of the ancient landscapes and targets for environmental and archeological research. Most recently, investigation of karst caves in the south of Haida Gwaii has opened a small window on the human and paleontological components of these ancient landscapes. At Gaadu Din we have recovered a paleontological record extending from ca. 12,000 to 10,000 BP and a small number of human artifacts dating from ca. 10,500 to 10,000 BP.}, author = {Daryl Fedje} } @Conference Paper {10712, title = {EARLY HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY AT RICHARDSON ISLAND, HAIDA GWAII}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {The Richardson Island site is a multicomponent campsite dating to the early Holocene. The site includes two localities, one in the present-day intertidal zone and one on a 15-metre raised beach. In 1995 deeply stratified cultural deposits associated with the 15-metre raised beach portion of this site were investigated through examination of natural exposures, systematic auger sampling and test excavation. The cultural horizons date from ca. 9,050 BP at the base to ca. 8,000 BP near the top. The lower horizons are characterized by abundant bifaces and large stone tools while the upper horizons exhibit high frequencies of microblades, microblade cores, large stone tools and a few bifaces. Lithic analysis from the well-dated archaeological components at Richardson Island and nearby Echo Bay suggests that a technological transition occurred shortly after 9,000 RCYBP. Before 9,000, biface technology is well represented and there is very limited evidence for microblade technology. After this time evidence for bifaces becomes rare while microblade technology is abundantly represented. This evidence fits well to that recovered from other sites in Haida Gwaii as well as from Namu on the Central Coast and several maritime sites in southern Alaska.}, author = {Daryl Fedje} } @article {9586, title = {Preliminary Results from Investigations at Kilgii Gwaay: An Early Holocene Archaeological Site on Ellen Island, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {098-120}, author = {Daryl W. Fedje and Rebecca J. Wigen and Quentin Mackie and Cynthia Lake and and Ian Sumpter} } @Conference Paper {10714, title = {Recent Excavations at Gilman Falls (74-106): A Middle Archaic Occupation (ca 7000 B.P.) in Central Maine}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {This paper presents a preliminary analysis of a Middle Archaic assemblage recovered from buried cultural contexts at the Gilman Falls site (74-106) in Maine. Three seasons of excavation have resulted in the recovery of a large assemblage of lithic tools, from cultural contexts at 60 to 150 cm below current ground surface. A small faunal and floral assemblage was also recovered. This paper describes the site, the fluvial deposits that contributed to the burial of cultural occupations, and presents a summary of the lithic assemblage. Radiocarbon assays yielded dates around 7000 B.P., and provide a preliminary evaluation of cultural chronology in this area of the Northeastern United States. A new pollen diagram, recently completed in conjunction with this project, offers an opportunity to examine the changing environment of post-glacial Maine and Middle Archaic cultural adaptations to it.}, author = {Fenton, James P and David Sanger} } @Conference Paper {10720, title = {Impact Assessment in New Brunswick: A Coordinated Approach}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The Government of New Brunswick recently passed Regulation 87-83 under the Clean Environment Act to provide the legislative framework for Environmental Impact Assessment. The regulation sets out criteria for the scope and nature of the undertakings that have to register with the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment and be screened for potential impact. The major difference between this new regulation and the previous EIA policy is that the requirement for registration and screening now extends to projects proposed by municipalities and private developers, as well as government-sponsored projects. The Environmental Sciences Branch of the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment acts as the coordinator in this multidisciplinary planning approach. This paper outlines the EIA process in New Brunswick, with special emphasis on how heritage concerns are addressed.}, author = {Ferguson, Albert M.} } @Conference Paper {10715, title = {Kejimkujik: The Recording of Nineteenth-century Mi{\textquoteright}kmaw Rock Art In Nova Scotia}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {In 1887-1888, George Creed recorded a remarkable collection of petroglyphs on the shores of Kejimkujik Lake in Nova Scotia. Probably the first extensive recording of a Canadian rock art site, it was included in Garrick Mallery{\textquoteright}s 1893 publication, Picture Writing of the American Indians. Both Mallery and Creed misinterpreted the age and much of the meaning of the images. Yet their interpretations continue to influence our understanding of the petroglyphs today. The petroglyphs, numbering more than four hundred, include images of people, clothing and designs, fauna, commercial porpoise hunting, sailing ships and canoes, streetscapes, traditional faith and Christianity, and literacy. Since 1970, Parks Canada has produced an extensive new recording through photography, direct tracings, and moulding, with varying degrees of success. This paper will illustrate the variety of images, discuss issues of interpretation and misinterpretation, and outline measures that have been taken to preserve the record of this rapidly disappearing legacy for future generations of Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq.}, author = {Ferguson, Rob} } @Conference Paper {10719, title = {THE OTHER SIDE OF THE HILL: THE BURIED HISTORY OF SIGNAL HILL NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The nineteenth-century British garrison on Signal Hill in St. John{\textquoteright}s has left us a surprisingly rich historical record buried in the ground. Today the park provides city residents and visitors alike with a stunningly beautiful natural landscape. Hidden throughout that landscape are the defences, barracks and workshops of its former military occupants. Archaeology in the park helps to illuminate the long struggle of the soldiers, not against human adversaries, but against a more persistent foe - the harsh environment. The Canadian Parks Service is currently developing these archaeological resources to help tell the story of Signal Hill.}, author = {Ferguson, Robert} } @Conference Paper {10718, title = {AN ACADIAN SETTLER ON P.E.I: THE HACH{\'e}-GALLANT HOUSE AT PORT LA JOYE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The cellar of a domestic building, ca. 1720-1745, at the first French settlement on Isle Saint Jean (P.E.I.) contained one of the few undisturbed archaeological deposits in this heavily farmed site. The property had belonged to Michel Hach{\'e}-Gallant, considered the first Acadian settler on the island and ancestor of many of P.E.I.{\textquoteright}s present inhabitants. Location of the cellar by EM-38 conductivity meter is discussed, as well as structural artifactual and faunal evidence of the Gallant occupation.}, author = {Ferguson, Robert and Frances Stewart} } @Conference Paper {10717, title = {Comment r{\'e}pertorier et conserver les p{\'e}troglyphes Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq du parc national Kejimkujik}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Les p{\'e}troglyphes du parc national Kejimkujik ont {\'e}t{\'e} ex{\'e}cut{\'e}s au si{\'e}cle dernier par des familles de Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq, des chasseurs et des guides, qui habitaient et travaillaient dans la r{\'e}gion du lac Kejimkujik. Ces gravures sur pierre {\'e}tablissent un lien historique direct avec la communaut{\'e} Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq d{\textquoteright}aujourd{\textquoteright}hui. Plus de quatre cents images illustrent ainsi les divers aspects de la culture : religion, moyens de subsistance, culture mat{\'e}rielle, noms et dates. Les images sont grav{\'e}es sur de l{\textquoteright}ardoise lisse, avec une pr{\'e}cision remarquable. Comme il est difficile de reconna{\^\i}tre les lignes grav{\'e}es des d{\'e}fauts de la pierre, il est pratiquement impossible de dresser un inventaire de ces gravures qui soit pr{\'e}cis et objectif L{\textquoteright}expos{\'e} d{\'e}crira bri{\'e}vement les gravures et expliquera les diff{\'e}rentes m{\'e}thodes utilis{\'e}es au cours des cent derni{\'e}res ann{\'e}es pour essayer de r{\'e}pertorier les p{\'e}troglyphes jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} la m{\'e}thode actuelle de moulage des gravures mise au point par la Division de la conservation du Service canadien des parcs (voir le r{\'e}sum{\'e} de M. Harrington).}, author = {Ferguson, Rob} } @Conference Paper {10716, title = {The Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq Petroglyphs of Kejimkujik National Park : Problems of Recording and Preservation}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The petroglyphs at Kejimkujik National Park were produced in the last century by Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq families, hunters and guides living and working around Kejirnkujik Lake. They provide a direct historical link with todays Mikmaq community. Over 400 images record various aspects of the culture, including religion, subsistence, material culture, and names and dates. The glyphs are incised on smooth slate, with remarkable detail. The fine lines often vary little frorn the many craks and scratches on the rock surface, making accurate, unbiased recording difficult. This paper will briefly describe the images, and discuss various methods which have been used for recording over the past 100 years prior to the present programm of moulding being undertaken by the Conservation Division, Canadian Parks Service (see abstract by M. Harrington).}, author = {Ferguson, Rob} } @Conference Paper {10721, title = {Archaeology in the Banana Republics? Recent Excavations in Rivas, Nicaragua}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper details the first season of archaeological excavation by a University of Calgary team in the region of Rivas, located in southwestern Nicaragua. The aims of the project are to investigate ethnohistoric accounts of the Nicarao, an indigenous group of Nahuat-speakers thought to have migrated to this area a few hundred years prior to European arrival in the New World. The strength of the link between the Nahuat-speakers of Nicaragua and those of Central Mexico is an important issue, relevant to the role of lower Central America in the Mesoamerican interaction sphere. The first season=s test excavations centered on Santa Isabel A, located close to the shores of Lago de Nicaragua and one of the most important sites in the area. It is hoped that this research will provide insights into the idea of ethnicity and ethnic boundaries, as well as combat the dearth of archaeological knowledge in Nicaragua.}, author = {Fern{\'a}ndez, Deepika and Larry Steinbrenner and Geoffrey McCafferty} } @Conference Paper {10729, title = {Late Woodland Central Algonquian Autumn Settlement-Subsistence Patterns from the Van Bemmel Site}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Until recently, the Western Basin Late Woodland Tradition of southwestern-most Ontario has been an unknown archaeological entity. However, several salvage excavations conducted over the last two field seasons have substantially increased the database for this cultural group. In particular, data recovered suggests that the settlement-subsistence pattern for this group was characterized by band coalescence-dispersal over the course of the seasonal round, based on periods of resource abundance and scarcity. Consequently, sites tend to reflect subsistence strategies utilized for relatively specific periods of the seasonal round. This is so for the Van Bemmel site (AdHm-31), a Younge phase (900-1200 A. D.) habitation located on McGreagor{\textquoteright}s Creek in west Kent County. Preliminary results suggest that site function was as a late fall hunting camp, where butchering and processing of mainly deer was the primary (almost exclusive) activity. This is reflected in both settlement data, faunal remains, and material culture.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10724, title = {Contact Archaeology in Southern Ontario... and Other Oxymorons}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Interpreting the early contact archaeology in southern Ontario usually begins with the assumption that contact with Europeans was an entirely unique experience to Aboriginal people, the impact of which exacerbated by a "profound localism" assumed previously during the Late Woodland. Central to these contact era interpretations of Aboriginal archaeology has been the assumed dominance of European interests and motivations on events and Aboriginal behaviours. Yet these are assumptions that emerge from a distinct conceptual filter: one that sees archaeology interpreted through history. A revised conceptual filter that sees history interpreted through archaeology - archaeology being an oppositional dataset to written records rather than an assumed compliment to them - leads to a very different understanding of the archaeological record. This shift in emphasis and reorientation leave the concept of "contact" to be an oxymoron, and demonstrates archaeological patterns and Aboriginal behaviours to be remarkably consistent with the patterns and behaviours seen archaeologically in previous - and subsequent - centuries.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @article {9589, title = {Warning-Steep Grade Ahead: Current Directions in Canadian Archaeology {\textendash} Papers of the CAA Plenary}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {149-200}, author = {compiled by Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10728, title = {LOYALISTS ALONG THE GRAND NINETEENTH CENTURY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MOHAWK VILLAGE, SIX NATIONS, BRANTFORD}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {After the American Revolution, the British Government granted a large tract of land along the Grand River in Southwestern Ontario to members of the Six Nations Iroquois who were loyal to the British Crown and had chosen to leave New York State. About 1,800 people, led by Joseph Brant, settled along the river south of present day Brantford. By the late eighteenth century a chain of Six Nations villages extended down the Grand River, consisting of loose agglomerations of log cabins. In what eventually would be south Brantford was the Upper Mohawk Village, where Joseph Brant, his family, and a number of other Mohawk families lived, adjacent to a frame chapel. Development activities in the early 1980s, situated adjacent to the still standing Mohawk Chapel revealed a number of features related to the nineteenth century Upper Mohawk settlement. Excavations focused on an area represented by two cellar pits with associated features, occupied sequentially by the same family between the beginning of the nineteenth century and 1860s. The archaeological materials recovered from these two occupations, as well as the findings from other areas of the village, document changes to settlement-subsistence and material culture use through this period of massive change in southern Ontario, and also show how changes differed between this highly Christianized Iroquois group and other, more conservative sectors of the Grand River Six Nations community. As well the archaeological data obtained from this site both augment and contradict traditional historical interpretations of Mohawk culture history in the nineteenth century, demonstrating the potential value archaeological investigations have in the area of Late Historic Native studies.}, author = {Neal Ferris and Kenyon, Ian} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9126, title = {Archaeology Beyond Dialogue}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {304-306}, editor = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10723, title = {Managing Minimum: The Development and Use of Technical Guidelines for Archaeological Consulting Activities in Ontario}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The developrnent of the archaeological consultant industry in Ontario began in earnest by the late 1970{\textquoteright}s. Revisions to the provincial Environmental Assessment and Planning Acts further fuelled the growth of this industry through the early 1980{\textquoteright}s, and much of the last decade has seen a consistent growth in the range and types of development activities now requiring statutory review for possible impacts to cultural heritage resources. The Regulatory \& Operations Group of the Cultural Operations and Field Services Branch, Ministry of Culture and Communications, is responsible for providing this review, as well as for the review of archaeological consultant reports generated as a result of MCC heritage conditions being attached to developrnent proposals. By the mid 1980{\textquoteright}s, when the consultant industry and MCC review staff had begun to participate in a large scale in the developrnent review sector, it was increasingly apparent that minimal requirements for field and reporting activities were needed. Thus MCC and the consultant industry, as well as representatives from archaeological organizations, the development sector and municipal approval authorities, began discussing the means to develop technical guidelines for development review generated assessment and mitigation activities. In 1988 a draft guideline was developed to define minimal standards for field assessments, and for the reports written as a result of those activities. This guideline has provided archaeological consultants with minimal standards to follow and MCC staff with an objective base from which to evaluate reports. The development sector has also been provided with a description of what they generally could expect of the archaeologist hired to fulfil cultural heritage conditions on a development proposal. During the past 5 years use of this document, limitations have become apparent, and subsequent revisions have attempted to address these matters. Efforts have also been made to develop a mitigation guideline to provide minimal standards for excavation and avoidance methodologies in this development review context. This paper will review the development of the archaeological assessment technical guideline for the consultant industry in the Province of Ontario, and review its relative usefulness over the last 5 years. Current efforts to expand the range of activities covered by technical guidelines will also be examined.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @article {9588, title = {Between Colonial and Indigenous Archaeologies: Legal and Extra-legal Ownership of the Archaeological Past in North America}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {154-190}, abstract = {

For over a century and a half, archaeologists have fought to protect the archaeological record from impacts caused by looting, antiquities trafficking, development, and other threats to the preservation of, in effect, the raw material of the archaeological enterprise. But as post-colonial sensibilities slowly permeate North American society, descendant communities have challenged the basis for both archaeologists to assert an exclusive stewardship of the archaeological record, and the state\&$\#$39;s authority to endow this exclusivity to archaeologists. This paper reviews the historical context from which archaeologists have obtained in legislation a privileged trust from the state to manage and protect the archaeological record in North America, and the challenges First Nations have made to being excluded from their ancestor\&$\#$39;s past. While the changing balance in the politics of archaeology in North America is undermining archaeologists\&$\#$39; exclusivity, it also offers opportunities for archaeology to become more inclusive and relevant in society.

}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10727, title = {The Trouble With Normative....}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {If there is a common theme to the history of archaeology across Canada it has been the struggle to develop and define cultural historical sequences in each part of this vast country. And this has led to archaeologists developing very specialized expertise for particular geographic areas, and so resulting archaeological sequences tend to reflect this specialization, entrenching an insular regionalism in Canadian archaeology that can often seem to make archaeological efforts of little consequence beyond a telling of local history. And this is only further exacerbated by the tendency to draw links between these archaeological sequences and historically specific Native cultural groups. Moreover, it has been suggested that Canada{\textquoteright}s geography and diverse archaeological record has kept Canadian archaeologists too busy to worry about the theoretical ism debates that have come and gone elsewhere in the discipline. In a sense, this is implying that theoretical issues are something someone else can specialize in - we{\textquoteright}ve got our hands full working to uncover the past. But if this is the case for Canada, such an a-theoretical or unreflective archaeology has left many critical concepts such as culture and ethnicity, as well as their archaeological manifestations, unexplored and simply assumed within constructed regional culture histories. The implications and limitations of archaeology as local history and under-theorised in Canada will be explored, and strategies for moving on offered.}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10722, title = {GIS on the Local Level: A Study on Methodologies and Results from a Stone Circle Site}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Although GIS has now come into its own for large scale modelling and site management purposes its application to smaller site specific applications has not been generally recognized. This paper examines the use of GIS techniques through the use of ArcView and related software to a specific archaeological site, the Pawson Site (DgMr-152), a large stone circle site located south of Estevan, Saskatchewan. The various problems of data recovery and recording are examined, current results are reviewed, and recommendations for such small-scale future GIS projects are offered.}, author = {FERRIS, Bill} } @article {11797, title = {Objects as Stepping Stones: Sustainable Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {004-012}, author = {Neal Ferris and Aubrey Cannon and John Welch} } @Conference Paper {10726, title = {PLANNING FOR THE PLANNING ACT...AGAIN}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {On March 28th, 1995, the Ontario Government passed a revised Planning Act which, among other things, consolidated and enhanced archaeological conservation provisions in the provincial land use planning process. On June 6th, 1995, the Ontario Conservative party won a majority government in the provincial election and, amongst other things, immediately proposed reforming the Planning Act. The NEW new Planning Act is currently slated to be revised and proclaimed by the summer of 1996. At the time of writing this abstract, archaeological conservation provisions are proposed for the new version of the Act, albeit addressed in a starkly reformed manner. This paper offers a personal {\textquoteright}tour{\textquoteright} of the seemingly endless cycle of revising legislation, implementing policy and training users to address archaeological conservation in land use planning over the last three years; and considers the implications of the current changes in land use planning for the continued(?) conservation of archaeological heritage during a time of radically changing government priorities and realities.}, author = {FERRIS, Neil} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9128, title = {Presenting Archaeology In Court: Legal Strategies for Protecting Cultural Resources}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {149-152}, editor = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10725, title = {Perles, ficelle, ceintures : arch{\'e}ologie du contact et arch{\'e}ologie en tant que contact}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Neal Ferris} } @Conference Paper {10730, title = {Recent Recoveries of Human Remains from Northern Manitoba}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Since 1990, the skeletal remains of approximately100 First Nations individuals have been recovered from the Churchill River Diversion area in northern Manitoba, representing a range of cultural phases over the preceding 6500 years. The majority of these were the result of archaeological mitigations conducted by the Province of Manitoba (Historic Resources Branch) consequent to hydroelectric flooding, with analysis conducted in conjunction with The Manitoba Museum, the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba. This paper will outline the physical anthropology of some of the individuals in question, and examine patterns among mortuary practice particularly in regards to Historic burials.}, author = {Finch, David M.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11044, title = {Cuneiform}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {349-351}, author = {Odette Boivin} } @Conference Paper {10734, title = {The Archaeology of Communities: A Northern Iroquoian Example from Southern Ontario, Canada}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Archaeological study of more than 250,000 artifacts from 75 Iroquoian sites in the Crawford Lake area of Southern Ontario over the past 25 years has revealed a complex occupation by {\textquoteright}proto-Huron{\textquoteright} peoples, and by {\textquoteright}proto-Neutral{\textquoteright} peoples and the prehistoric and historic Neutral peoples who were their descendants. These were Iroquoian- speaking peoples who practiced slash-and-burn horticulture and lived in long houses in villages from 0.5 to 5 hectares in extent. Current data reveal that the area was first occupied about A.D. 1000 by {\textquoteright}proto-Huron{\textquoteright} peoples, and it has been possible to trace the history of two communities of {\textquoteright}proto-Huron{\textquoteright} peoples as they relocated and merged their villages at least 13 times over a period of 500 years. In the late 15th century A.D. five communities of {\textquoteright}proto-Neutral{\textquoteright} peoples moved into the Crawford Lake area from the west and established their villages within 2.8-7.3 km (mean=4.6) of the single {\textquoteright}proto-Huron{\textquoteright} village. This had the effect of surrounding the original {\textquoteright}proto-Huron{\textquoteright} occupants. It is hypothesized that the peaceful co-existence and close proximity of these villages was possible as a result of alliance formation and maintenance which involved trading, feasting, and perhaps exchange of women. Material culture recovered from archaeological deposits of these sites reveals that many artifacts served not only a practical function but also as badges indicating the community where they were made and used. The approach taken, and results obtained, have significant implications for the archaeological study of slash-and-burn horticulturists world-wide in the 21st century.}, author = {William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10733, title = {The Last 25 Years of Archaeology in the Great Lakes Region of Southern Ontario: The Good (not the Bad and the Ugly)}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Over the past 25 years, there have been significant advances in archaeology in the Great Lakes region of southern Ontario. From increases in the numbers of archaeological projects, to the advent of legislation pertaining to archaeological resources; to the application of new technologies to archaeological problems, archaeology has been changed radically. These advances have increased our knowledge of the history of the occupation of Canada by Native peoples over the past 11,000 years. This paper reviews these significant developments.}, author = {William D. Finlayson and Lawrence Jackson and David Smith} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12548, title = {The Archaeology of Patterson Village {\textendash} A 19th Century Company Town in the Township of Vaughan, Ontario}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {256-258}, editor = {Francisco Rivera} } @article {9877, title = {The 1971 excavations at the Donaldson site: A preliminary report}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {012-026}, author = {William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10732, title = {Additional Data on Saugeen Focus Burial Practices}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The excavation of a secondary cemetery at the Donaldson site has provided additional data on burial practices in southwestern Ontario during the Middle Woodland Period. Methods of treatment of the body prior to internment were extended to include dismemberment and partial cremation. Additional burial positions included the extended position and the flexed position with the individual lying on its stomach. There were also differences in the kinds and nature of association of grave goods. The occurrence of Hopewellian grave goods such as cut sheet mica and copper pan pipe covers indicates a limited but definite participation in the Hopewell Interaction Sphere.}, author = {William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10731, title = {Le site Draper - s{\'e}quence d{\textquoteright}expansion du village : la mod{\'e}lisation virtuelle tridimensionnelle et les animations en interpr\é}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {William D. Finlayson and Rick Fischer} } @Conference Paper {10735, title = {On the Use of Computers in Processing Settlement Pattern Data from Iroquoian Sites}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In 1975, salvage excavations were carried out at the Draper site, a 15th century Huron village site near Toronto, Ontario. This resulted in the investigation of more than five acres of the site. All settlement pattern data is being processed by computer. This paper summarizes the nature and potential of the computer-based system which has been developed.}, author = {William D. Finlayson} } @Symposium Papers {11003, title = {The 1975 rescue excavations at the Draper site {\textendash} a preliminary report}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {221-229}, author = {William D. Finlayson} } @Conference Paper {10736, title = {RE-EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME CANOE ROUTES}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Assessment of linear corridors can provide researchers with new perspectives and opportunities, especially if the approach includes the integration of multi-disciplinary data. This was found to be the case during an Environmental Impact Assessment of a 125 km-long Trans-Canada Highway corridor through southern New Brunswick. Research and collation of cultural and bio-physical data have resulted in a new interpretation of the association between several archaeological sites and the Washademoak-Petitcodiac canoe route. This paper presents data that point to nearly 4,000 years of route utilization. Cow Point, at the western end of Grand Lake area, is not an anomalous burial site along a pre-contact backwater. The paper presents the hypothesis that Cow Point is at a highly productive hub or confluence of pre-contact travel routes. Data supporting that contention are provided.}, author = {FINLEY, Scott and Dale HOOD} } @Conference Paper {10743, title = {PREDICTIVE MODELING ALONG THE SASKATCHEWAN RIVER}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {During the 1970s and 1980s a substantial amount of archaeological survey was completed along stretches of the Saskatchewan River between Nipawin and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. A wide range of survey techniques was employed, from surface reconnaissance to probabilistic sampling. Because this river is situated in a transitional zone between the aspen parkland and the boreal forest, a clearer picture of the distribution of sites here could be used as starting model for site location in the two adjacent ecotones. This paper presents a preliminary report on process of building a predictive site location model for the Saskatchewan River.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim} } @Conference Paper {10738, title = {Are Resource Managers Expert (Systems)? A Proposal for Developing and Applying Knowledge-Based Rules Using GIS}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Effective resource management requires an intimate knowledge of the resource base and an equally thorough understanding of the types of impacts and their effects. Current resource managers are hampered because they, and the rest of the archaeological community, have a less than desirable knowledge of both. As a result, typical decision making matrices are relatively simple, employing discontinuous variables (high, medium, low), and binary assumptions (there is an impact/thrre is no impact). This is not the best level of decision making that can be achieved, and is particularly ineffective for managing regional scale impacts such as forestry and agriculture. It is argued here that we should start looking at the resource management process in a much broader context. Ideally, we would look at probability of site occurrence, type of site, probability of detection, type of impact, equipment used, soils, weather, vegetation cover, etc. In doing so, we are forced to move from a two dimensional to an {\textquoteright}n{\textquoteright} dimensional decision matrix. Without ingesting harmful substances, people don{\textquoteright}t like to think in {\textquoteright}n{\textquoteright} dimensions. Computers are not as inhibited {\textendash} what{\textquoteright}s a dimension? We can create expert systems to determine the best possible management solutions and then apply these solutions, as rules, to the landscape using GIS. This paper discusses a proposal for an appropriate pilot study and outlines some of the potential benefits of such an approach.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim} } @Conference Paper {10742, title = {Baseline Knowledge: Issues in Managing an Unknown Resource / Connaissances de base : la gestion d{\textquoteright}une ressource inconnue}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The key component in any resource management plain is to know something about the resource being managed. As part of the current integration of archaeology into forestry activities, archaeologists are being asked to create heritage management plans on huge tracts of land with often little or no baseline information. The first response is usually to fall back on analogy and to take plans from elsewhere and apply them to the study area. Often this is referred to as modeling although many attempts fall far short of the minimal definition of what constitutes a model. This paper discusses the need to develop minimal baseline knowledge of a region as a prerequisite of developing a heritage management plans. It goes further to suggest that it is both unscientific and unethical to develop plans without some level of baseline knowledge. Finally it discusses the components required for developing baseline knowledge of a region and ways these can be integrated into a developing resource management plan.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim} } @Conference Paper {10737, title = {Development Archaeology/Public Archaeology the Souris Basin Heritage Study}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The province of Saskatchewan is building reservoirs along the Souris River and Moose Mountain Creek. The Saskatchewan Research Council is directing a multi-year archaeological study of these reservoirs for the Souris Basin Development Authority (the proponent). One of the components of this study is public archaeology. This is the first time in Saskatchewan that a program of public archaeology has been incorporated into an impact mitigation study. This paper discusses the range of public programs offered in 1988 and the public response to date. Suggestions for an improved program are offered.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim and ROLLANS, Maureen} } @Conference Paper {10741, title = {Post-Inundation Impacts within the Rafferty and Alameda Reservoirs}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Rafferty and Alameda Reservoirs were constructed in the late 1980s as part of an integrated water management project in southeastern Saskatchewan. Although precipitation within the region has been below normal, portions of both reservoirs have been inundated since the early 1990s. In 1993, the author had the opportunity to re-visit both reservoirs after a partial draw-down. This paper will compare current hypotheses on reservoir impacts to heritage sites with the results of the 1993 field work. In general, site impacts were quite severe despite the relatively short period of inundation. While the filling rate for the Rafferty Reservoir may be atypical, the information obtained in 1993 has implications for managing important sites during drawdowns. Finally, there are a large number of reservoirs on the prairies and few, if any, have an explicit strategy for heritage site protection. This paper will touch on some of the issues that must be considered in such a plan.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim} } @Conference Paper {10740, title = {Integrating Heritage into Forestry Management: A Saskatchewan Approach}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Forestry presents unique challenges to the field of cultural resource management, because the scale of impact is huge and the range of potential disturbances are highly variable. Consequently, most foresters have not been willing to consider heritage impacts within their management planning. With funding from Weyerhaeuser Canada, Mistik Management Ltd., Forestry Canada, and the Saskatchewan Heritage Foundation, a three years research project to integrate heritage into forestry management has been initiated. The objectives of this program are to classify forestry impacts, to produce a regional model to aid in predicting where archaeological sites are located, and to provide a management systern that is able to integrate site sensitivity with potential forestry impacts. The result will be a GIS-based system that will allow Saskatchewan forestry companies to use the least damaging harvesting and reforestation techniques in areas with the highest site potential, or to avoid these areas completely. The first year of this project has been completed and this paper will report on the result.}, author = {Finnigan, Jim and Terry Gibson and Don Pawson and Dave Harman} } @Conference Paper {10739, title = {Issues in Heritage Potential Modeling: A View from Central Saskatchewan}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The development and use of heritage potential models have increased dramatically in the last few years, driven by the availability of powerful, yet affordable GIS systems, and driven by large scale land developments, primarily forestry. Although there are some common themes in the approaches taken, few practitioners have begun to address such fundamental issues of scale, precision, accuracy, evaluation and modification. Heritage potential models make good straw men and unless these issues are addressed, the primary consumers of these models will begin to lose confidence. This paper addresses these issues from the perspective of a series of interrelated modeling projects in central Saskatchewan. The project began as a series of 10,000 ha test models and over a four year period evolved into a 10,000,000 ha model. As such, it provides an ideal data set for discussing these issues.}, author = {James FINNIGAN} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9325, title = {Decoding Prehistoric Ceramics}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {253-255}, editor = {Laura Finsten} } @Conference Paper {10744, title = {Prehispanic Settlement in the Mixtec Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Systematic settlement pattern survey of a 1000 km segment of the mountainous frontier between the Valleys of Oaxaca and Nochixtlan has yielded data on more than 500 sites in the remote area of Oaxaca, Mexico. This paper presents an interpretive summary of the settlement pattern changes in the survey area and relates them to processes of change in the states of the major nuclear zones in the southern highlands.}, author = {Finsten, Laura M.} } @Conference Paper {10745, title = {Un syst{\'e}me d{\textquoteright}information urbain {\`a} r{\'e}f{\'e}rence spatiale appliqu{\'e} {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Le d{\'e}veloppement du tissu urbain a rendu la planification, la r{\'e}alisation et l{\textquoteright}analyse des interventions arch{\'e}ologiques complexes. Une grande quantit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}informations doit {\^e}tre examin{\'e}e. En arch{\'e}ologie ces informations proviennent de sources historiques ou dans certains cas d{\textquoteright}autres sous-organismes, municipaux ou non telle l{\textquoteright}hygi{\'e}ne du milieu, les r{\'e}seaux d{\textquoteright}{\'e}quipements souterrains, etc. La fouille, proprement dite, g{\'e}n{\'e}re une quantit{\'e} respectable d{\textquoteright}informations pour fins d{\textquoteright}analyse. La corr{\'e}lation de toutes ces informations pour des {\'e}tudes ult{\'e}rieures s{\textquoteright}av{\'e}re extr{\^e}mement complexe et laborieuse. Il s{\textquoteright}agit d{\textquoteright}un projet pilote, en collaboration avec la Ville de Qu{\'e}bec et le D{\'e}partement de G{\'e}omatique du Coll{\'e}ge de Limoilou. Ce projet vise {\`a} cr{\'e}er un outil d{\textquoteright}aide {\`a} la planification, au traitement, au stockage et {\`a} l{\textquoteright}analyse des interventions arch{\'e}ologiques. Cet outil informatique g{\'e}re en fait des informations alpha-num{\'e}riques et graphiques, dans un syst{\'e}me de coordonn{\'e}es absolues. De par sa relation avec d{\textquoteright}autres S.I.U.R.S. d{\textquoteright}une m{\^e}me municipalit{\'e}, ce projet am{\'e}liorera la protection du patrimoine.}, author = {Fiset, Bendit} } @Conference Paper {10746, title = {A 19th Century Burial from Lake Esnagami, Northwest Ontario}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In August of 1994, human skeletal remains and a quantity of 19th Century artifacts were handed over from the Michigan State Police to the Ontario Provincial Police. The remains were determined to be from Lake Esnagami in northwestern Ontario and of cultural origin. Standard forensic techniques are applied to investigate the nature of the remains including racial affiliation, age, sex, stature, and general health. Results of both the osteological and artifact analyses are discussed as well as how the remains came to the office of the Archaeology Branch.}, author = {Fisher, Tal} } @article {9590, title = {Untanglers of Matters Temporal and Cultural: Glass Beads and the Early Contact Period Huron Ball Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {117-138}, abstract = {

Despite the positive chronological determinations that have been derived from sixteenth and seventeenth century glass beads, this artifact has yet to receive the respect it deserves for elucidating a variety of cultural dilemmas. This paper presents a review of a generally accepted bead chronology that has been established for northeastern North America, examines various interpretive uses to which the assemblage from the Huron Ball village can be placed, and finally evaluates the cultural explanations that have been derived from INAA analyses of turquoise-coloured glass beads.

}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald and Dean H. Knight and Allison Bain} } @Conference Paper {10747, title = {Contact, Contraction, and the Little Ice Age}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The explanation of cultural developments for the Neutral Iroquoians of southern Ontario during the 16th and 17th centuries has been largely influenced by the fact that many of the changes occurred during the initial era of the European presence in eastern North America. Additional modifying factors can be attributed both directly and indirectly to other human and natural agencies through a re-evaluation of the available archaeological and ecological record.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10750, title = {Forgotten, Found, then Lost: In Search of Bruce County{\textquoteright}s Past}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Artifacts are more than a storage problem, and the motivation for the establishment of local repositories for archaeological collections should be greater than the alleviation of storage problems for commercial archaeologists. Over the past 125 years, hundreds of thousands of archaeological objects have been removed from Bruce County by relic hunters and archaeologists {\textendash} today, only a fraction of recovered archaeological material remains within the county. With collections scattered across North America, an awareness of Bruce County{\textquoteright}s First Nations{\textquoteright} heritage will remain severely diminished until their current whereabouts become known and, ideally, the collections repatriated to a local facility that can afford them appropriate curation, public visibility, and ready access to researchers.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald and Barbara Ribey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9222, title = {Glass Beads}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {104-108}, editor = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10749, title = {The Cache (DaEh-1) Site : Deciphering a Cultural Crossroads}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {L{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le-aux-Basques is a small island in the estuary of the St. Lawrence River located across from the mouth of the Saguenay River. Archival documents, historical accounts, and archaeological investigations reveal that the island was visited by numerous ethnic groups. Archaeological excavations conducted at the Cache (DaEh-1) site in 1992 uncovered components that include late Middle Woodland, 15th century, and mid-17th century aboriginal campsites. A diversity of non-local materials clearly indicate that this area in particular was an active cultural crossroads that not only linked the lower Great Lakes with western Europe but which also included. a north-south route that linked the Bay of Fundy with central and northern Qu{\'e}bec. And as would be expected, local marine resources were a major attraction to the island.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @article {9591, title = {Copper Based Metal Testing as an Aid to Understanding Early European-Amerindian Interaction: Scratching the Surface}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {153-161}, abstract = {

A metallurgical analysis of 21 copper-based artifacts from 9 Iroquoian sites dating between A.D. 1550 and 1650, along with one sample of native copper from Algoma, suggests that a pattern is discernible in the changing metal content of these artifacts through time. The earliest samples tend to be predominantly copper, and may be difficult to distinguish from native copper, while the later ones are more likely to contain increasing amounts of other inclusions. It is suggested that this change reflects a changing industrial base in France in the late sixteenth century, and a shift from the exportation of high-quality goods to the mass production of cheaper goods specifically for the export trade.

}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald and Peter G. Ramsden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9346, title = {The Massawomeck: Raiders and Traders into the Chesapeake Bay in the Seventeenth Century}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {129-132}, editor = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10748, title = {Champlain{\textquoteright}s Nation Neutre: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives of the Neutral Iroquoians}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Limited but tantalizing historical accounts and a century of intensive archaeological. investigation provide a wealth of information for reconstructing the cultural evolution of the Iroquoian group that occupied the southernmost region of Ontario. The nature of Neutral Iroquoian society in existence when Champlain, Daillon, Br{\'e}beuf, and Chaumonot were in southern Ontario differs significantly from the earlier phases of Neutral development. The environmental and cultural influences that moulded and re-shaped Neutral culture during the centuries before their dispersal between 1647 and 1651 will be examined, and a revised periodization of Neutral history, based on a range of cultural traits, will be presented.}, author = {William R. Fitzgerald} } @Conference Paper {10752, title = {The Dorset-Thule Transition: Culture Change in the Eastern Canadian Arctic}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {In 1968, seeking advice on a graduate paper featuring the Dorset-Thule transition, the author sent a copy to Bill Taylor for review and comment. In retrospect the response was predictable {\textendash} vigorous, thoughtful, witty, and provocative {\textendash} and set the tone for a stim-ulating personal relationship of twenty-five years standing. Taylor{\textquoteright}s comment concluded: {\textquoteright}I suggest you have the paper read by others, for it may contain an article well worth publishing {\textendash} I am too predisposed to its basic thinking to be a good judge of that [but] ... most arctic types would probably recommend the deletion of most of the theoretical and methodological content.{\textquoteright} Unfortunately, though I have shared the paper with a number of others, I never got around to taking up Taylor{\textquoteright}s challenge of publication. Today the Dorset-Thule transition remains one of the most puzzling subjects in Eastern Arctic prehistory, despite advances in many other areas. The problem remains resistant to study and has received few contributions in the literature. Since much of the substance from the original paper has never appeared elsewhere in print, it is high time to take up Taylor{\textquoteright}s challenge and present a publishable version accounting for Taylor{\textquoteright}s unique contributions, his critique of the original draft, contributions by other scholars, and new field data.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10756, title = {ARCHAEOLOGY OF A THULE VILLAGE IN NORTHERN LABRADOR}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Thule period and its relationships to Dorset and late Indian occupations of central and northern Labrador is an important but little known period in Labrador prehistory. Large populations and strong cultural, economic, and ethnic contrasts characterize this period, which led directly to the establishment of modern Inuit and Innu populations and laid the foundation for the historical period. While Late Dorset, Point Revenge, and historic Inuit cultures are well-described, the Thule period has not been given sufficient attention. This paper presents information from recent Thule excavations on Staffe Island in the Killinek region in the context of other Labrador Thule data and proposes an interaction model for the period AD 1000-1500 leading to the modern era.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10751, title = {Archaeologioal Reconnaissance in Hamilton Inlet and Lake Melville, Labrador, 1968}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The initial field season of a planned two-year study of the archaeology of the central coast of Labrador has been completed. Aided by air-photo interpretation a survey of the transitional zone from the forested interior to the barren coast has resulted in recognition of a dual series of Indian and Eskimo components. At North West River small Indian sites spanning a period of about three thousand years have been excavated, and a five-stage sequence of occupation has been proposed. Surveys in Groswater Bay (Hamilton Inlet) suggest amplification of the NWR data to include an older unit using ground slate tools and late prehistoric unit which may represent prehistoric Naskaupi. Eskimo remains include recent historic sites within eastern Lake Melville, and a fine sequence of 16th-18th Century winter sites in the Narrows. Labrador Thule culture was not found but probably exists in the outer reaches of Groswater Bay. Finally, a series of small Dorset campsites was found on Ticoralak Island, indicating a regional variant of this culture with several new Dorset types represented. Very little evidence was found suggesting contact between Eskimo and Indian groups for any of this period. Dorset and Indian cultures contemporaneous with it are distinctly different in technology, typology, and geographic distribution. Other points to be discussed include a possible hiatus of Eskimo occupation between Dorset and Thule times, distributional evidence for several of the Indian components, and comments on cultural ecology and lithic analysis.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10755, title = {MINING IN THE NORTH: COMMUNITY ISSUES IN THE FROBISHER BAY META INCOGNITA PROJECT}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In 1990 a proposal for archaeological studies at the Kodlunarn Island site in outer Frobisher Bay, the site of Martin Frobisher{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}gold{\textquoteright} mines of 1576-78, initiated the development of a large research programme on the history, remains and consequences of Frobisher{\textquoteright}s voyages and mines in the New World. In addition to archaeology, the project included Inuit oral history, archival studies, environmental sciences and geology. This paper deals with community aspects of the MIP project: local interest, permissions, educational values, research training, museum issues, publicity, tourism and economic impacts, and residual effects. Although organized as a research project, perspectives from the MIP may be useful in thinking about the role of research as a component of large-scale development and mining programmes elsewhere in the North, and their impacts on local communities.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10754, title = {A Maritime Archaic Cemetery at Rattlers Bight, Labrador}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In 1974 and 1975 a Maritime Archaic cemetery was excavated at Rattlers Bight, Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. The burial site is associated with a large habitation settlement which has been excavated at the same location. Both date to the period ca 4000-3800 B.P. Excavation results include a tool assemblage similar to that obtained at the living site. Ritual specialization of grave goods is not indicated. Poor preservation of organic remains limits extensive comparison with Port-au-Cboix, but preliminary conclusions suggest significant differences between Rattlers Bight and other Moorehead or Maritime Archaic cemetery couplexes. Some of these differences indicate that regionalism in burial traditions cross-cuts certain long-range similarities in tool class types and burial form. Study of this variation should facilitate understanding of relationships between regional groups as well as providing insight into the role of burial customs in these societies.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @article {9880, title = {Field work on the central Labrador coast: 1974}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {209-217}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10758, title = {ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE FROBISHER VOYAGES: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The Frobisher Voyages (1576-1578) present one of the most interesting opportunities for integrated historical anthropological and archaeological studies in the Quincentennial era. While the history of this earliest English enterprise on the soil of the New World is well known, its archaeological and ethnographic aspects have received cursory treatment. This paper reviews the history of research, dwelling particularly upon recent interdisciplinary work on the Frobisher settlements and mines and archeometric studies of the early-dating Frobisher iron blooms. Results of recent surveys conducted in outer Frobisher Bay in 1990 are presented. Finally, a plan coordinated with the Canadian Steering Committee for Frobisher research is presented for forthcoming studies in history and oral history, historical archaeology, European-Inuit acculturation, and environmental research.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10753, title = {Developmental aspects of Labrador Maritime Archaic social and mortuary systems: an example of marine-related cultural intensification}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent archaeological work in Labrador has resulted in long-sought-after settlement data for Maritime Archaic cultures which occupied this region 7500-3500 years ago. Previous information on the development of these cultures has come from the field of technology, subsistence, culture area distribution, and mortuary and exchange systems. By themselves, these data suggested that Maritime Archaic culture was technologically and socially advanced compared with later prehistoric and ethnographic groups of the coastal northeast. Recent discoveries strengthen this view and provide our first clues about social organization and demography as revealed by site settlement patterns and domestic architecture. Changes in site size and complexity and in the size of dwelling structures through time suggests shifts from simple to larger and more complex forms of social organization, and are in turn related to intensification of mortuary patterns and increased movement of exotic materials. These changes are discussed together with local and regional environmental and culture history. The new data provide a more secure basis for supporting and understanding developmental processes in Maritime Archaic culture and their distinctions from later Indian groups of the far northeast. Comparisons are drawn to northwest coast and other cultures and speculation is offered on some of the factors that may be involved.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @article {9879, title = {Smithsonian archaeological investigations on the Central Labrador Coast in 1973: A preliminary report}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {077-090}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10757, title = {Houses, Mounds, and Monuments: The Maritime Archaic As Seen From Outer Space}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Maritime Archaic culture left a permanent and record of their 4000 year history in Labrador in the form of large stone caches, burial mounds, houses, and caribou drives. In addition to leaving a tangible and highly visible mark on the land, they also incorporated landscapes into their worldview, belief systems, and artifacts through the positioning of sites and monuments with respect to dramatic geographic features from which they drew inspiration and spiritual power. This paper reviews the geotactic inclinations of an ancient seafaring people as it could be interpreted by a landscape archaeologist from outer space.}, author = {William Fitzhugh} } @Conference Paper {10759, title = {A Heterarchical or Hierarchical Landscape? An Alternative Approach to the Distribution of Tholos Tombs in the Bronze Age Argolid}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The present study seeks to re-assess the role played by tholos tombs in the processes of social stratification and state formation that took place in the northeast Peloponnese of the Greek mainland during the Early Mycenaean period. Between the LH IIA and LH IIIA:1 periods (ca. 1600-1370 B.C.), a total of fourteen tholos tombs displaying a wide range in size, technical skill and location were constructed throughout the region. Traditional scholarship associates these funerary monuments with nearby settlements and interprets them as prominent vehicles for the advertisement of status and prestige on the part of local elite. This paper offers an alternate interpretation, suggesting instead that they served to symbolize the expanding authority of a single regional power, namely Mycenae, functioning as territorial indicators marking the boundaries of Mycenaean dominance at the edges of the Argive plain and laying claim to the entire region on behalf of the Mycenaean elite.}, author = {Rodney Fitzsimmons} } @Conference Paper {10766, title = {An Archaeological Survey of the Peace River Valley of British Columbia}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Archaeological surveying in the Peace River valley of British Columbia in the summers of 1974 and 1975 was funded by B.C. Hydro as part of an impact assessment program for proposed hydroelectric reservoirs. Over 300 sites have been recorded to date on the basis of both judgemental and probabilistic sampling procedures. Artifact typologies and geochronology indicate occupation of the area from at least 10-11,000 B.P. although no excavated sequences are yet established. Projectile point types frequently indicate close ties with the Northwestern and Central Plains. Of special interest was the relocation of a number of Northwest Company and Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay fur trade forts, including the earliest such site on the mainland of British Columbia, established ca. 1794.}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10761, title = {Introduction to Charlie Lake Cave}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Excavations at Charlie Lake Cave in 1983, 1990 and 1991 produced a significant sequence of deposits spanning Late Pleistocene and Holocene times. This symposium presents recent research on sediments, artifacts and fauna, followed by a discussion period. Artifacts from the site will be on display.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @article {9594, title = {AMS Dating of Two Wooden Artifacts from the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {001-012}, abstract = {

Two wooden artifacts of considerable artistic and technological interest to Northwest Coast prehistorians have been dated using the AMS radiocarbon method. The results indicate that prehistoric Northwest Coast artists were producing wood carvings fully comparable in quality and iconographic complexity to those of the ethnographic peoples of the same region.

}, author = {K.R. Fladmark and D.E. Nelson and T.A. Brown and J.S. Vogel and J.R. Southon} } @Conference Paper {10765, title = {A comparison of sea-levels and prehistoric cultural development on the west and east coasts}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {In an earlier work I proposed that the prehistory of the north-west coast could be broadly divided into 2 basic sequential culture stages: (1) an early lithic Horizon which seemed to represent a relatively simple and generalized adaptation; and (2) a later shell-midden horizon which approximates the relatively complex and specialized culture pattern of the ethnographic Pacific coast. I attempted to explain the relatively radical and synchronous shift between these {\textquoteright}horizons{\textquoteright} all along the northwest coast, about 5000-4000 B.P., as an indirect result of the quasi-stabilization of regional relative sea-levels. The fundamental theoretical assumptions were: a. attainment of a specialized {\textquoteright}climax{\textquoteright} cultural adaptation is not possible until the natural ecosystem reaches and maintains an optimum steady state; b. equilibrium of coastal ecosystems is most directly governed by the lateral location of the shoreline, and its rate of movement, which in turn is a product of various factors affecting regional sea-level, and bottom topography. Although specifically intended as a model attempting to explain northwest coast culture change, the basic concept should be applicable to any maritime region. In this paper I will apply this model to the prehistory of the Atlantic region of Canada and adjacent northern New England. Local sea-level curves and prehistoric sequences will be compared and con- trasted to those of the northwest coast. It will be argued that northeastern Atlantic sea-levels have been significantly less stable than those of the northwest coast, particularly over the last 3-5000 years. This may be a fundamental indirect cause preventing the development of complex maritime oriented cultures in late coastal Algonquian prehistory.}, author = {K. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10760, title = {An Overview of the Late Prehistory of Subarctic British Columbia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {British Columbia spans significant portions of the Northwest Coast, Plateau and Subarctic culture areas as usually defined for aboriginal North America. However, in comparison to the considerable amount of information now available for its Northwest Coast and Plateau segments, the precontact human story of Subarctic British Columbia still has received no published synthesis. This paper will offer an initial summary and discussion of the late prehistory (i.e. the last ca. 5,000 years) of that large region.It has long been presumed that access to salmon was a significant factor increasing human populations and heightening cultural complexity on the adjacent Northwest Coast and Plateau. The validity of that notion for Subarctic British Columbia will be tested by comparing the late prehistoric cultural records of its {\textquoteright}salmon{\textquoteright} vs. {\textquoteright}non-salmon areas. Attention also will be paid to that persistent question of how long Athapaskan groups may have occupied their ethnographic territories in Subarctic BC and who (if anyone) lived there before them. Related to that is the possibility that such pre-contact ethnolinguistic distributions also were linked to a differential availability of salmon.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @article {9593, title = {Lawn Point and Kasta: Microblade Sites on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {039-058}, abstract = {

This report summarizes data from Lawn Point and Kasta on the Queen Charlotte Islands, northern Pacific coast of British Columbia. These archaeological sites have yielded multiple stratified microblade components, radiocarbon dated between 7,400 and 5,500 years B.P.

}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9189, title = {Prehistory of the North American Subarctic: the Athabaskan Question}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {250-254}, editor = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10764, title = {Preliminary Report on Archaeological Investigations near Shuswap Lakes, B.C.}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {During the summer of 1972, under a salvage contract from the National Museum of Man, archaeological investigations were conducted in the Shuswap Lakes region of south-central B.C. In total 7 sites were tested, four of which had housepits. Test excavation of these housepit sites of the Kamloops phase (1360-1750) revealed information on house structure and the subsistence base. EfQv 4, on the Adams River, represents a fishing/hunting camp of a middle period: artifacts include 2 large corner-notched points and 1 lanceolate point. EeQw 6 which, due to necessities of salvage was most intensively investigated, yielded approximately 2,000 artifacts. In addition, a probably historic burial was excavated. Burial goods include 22 artifacts, several of which are engraved bone and dentalia. The complete absence of microblades and microblade cores in the sites tested is of interest when considered in relation to the high number of Plano type points from this region.}, author = {Sharon Johnson Fladmark} } @article {9592, title = {Possible Early Human Occupation of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {183-197}, author = {Knut R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10768, title = {The Prehistory of Northern Interior British Columbia}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper will offer a summary overview of current information about the prehistory of the intermountain interior of British Columbia, north of the Chilcotin Plateau. Covering over 330,000 sq. km. (the approximate size of Finland) it is archaeologically the least known part of the province, with only a few excavated sites. Nevertheless, as far as currently available information suggests, throughout prehistory it seems to have been influenced by cultural information (and/or people) moving inland along Bering Strait, Arctic Ocean and Pacific drainage systems, which all closely converge in this area, and which may have stimulated a unique array of sub-regional cultural patterns.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @Conference Paper {10763, title = {Par voie de terre ou de mer? Examen des traces prouvant l{\textquoteright}existence d{\textquoteright}une route c{\^o}ti{\'e}re par laquelle les premiers Nord-Am{\'e}}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Knut R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10767, title = {FROM LAND TO SEA: LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTHERN NORTHWEST COAST}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {This paper summarizes current information regarding Late Quaternary environments of the Northern Northwest Coast. Special attention will be paid to palaeoenvironmental factors with the potential of absolutely limiting a human presence in any given region, or strongly affecting cultural adaptations, including the timing and extent of Late Pleistocene ice-advances, major sea-level changes and the developmental histories of the Stikine, Nass and Skeena River systems. Lesser attention will be paid to the evolution of terrestrial biotic systems since about 15-20,000 years BP, as revealed by palynological studies. Because of significant intra-regional variation, palaeoenvironments will be discussed in terms of three subareas: 1. the Queen Charlotte Islands, 2. Southeastern Alaska and, 3. the northern mainland coast, extending inland along the rivers to about Telegraph Creek-Hazelton. A particularly interesting feature was an emergent land-bridge which connected the Queen Charlotte Islands to the mainland in the early Holocene and which ended in a very rapid rise in sea-levels about 9-10,000 BP, possibly recorded in Haida flood legends. Other potentially catastrophic events described in native traditions include the Aiyansh lava flow about 220 BP in the Nass River valley and the Rocher D{\'e}boul{\'e} landslide in the Skeena River valley about 3,500 years ago.}, author = {FLADMARK, Knut} } @Symposium Papers {10972, title = {An Introduction to the Prehistory of British Columbia}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {095-156}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10762, title = {Thoughts on the Origin and Relationships of Northwest Coast Art}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The relative significance of in-situ development versus external influences on the early evolution of Northwest Coast art is discussed in the light of recent archaeological data. Evidence is presented to support the view that some stylistic features of Northwest Coast art are a result of relatively late prehistoric influences from the Bering Strait region.}, author = {K.R. Fladmark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9273, title = {Ancient Canada}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {254-258}, editor = {Knut R. Fladmark} } @Conference Paper {10769, title = {Pottery Replication Studies: Applications for Research and Interpretation / {\'e}tudes sur la reproduction de poteries : applications pour la reche}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Over the last few years the authors have conducted informal experiments in hand building and open pit firing. We focus on replicating vessels found in collections from Manitoba, Saskatchewan and portions of the Northeastern Plains area. This paper will report on our findings thus far, and explore some of the interpretive opportunities that arose from research activities.}, author = {FLYNN, Catherine and Mary Ann TISDALE} } @Conference Paper {10770, title = {Yuquot, British Columbia: The Prehistory and History of a Nootkan Village}, year = {1969}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {During the summer of 1966, the National Historic Sites Service of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development carried out extensive excavations at the site of the 18th century Spanish military post of Santa Cruz, located within the confines of the prehistoric, historic and contemporary Nootkan village of Yuquot. A multi-discipline effort is being made to analyze the numerous ethnohistorical documents describing the site and its inhabitants during the 18th and 19th Centuries, the 5000 prehistoric and historic artifacts and approximately 100 cubic feet of faunal material recovered during excavation. The results of this study will provide a description and analysis of the prehistoric, historic and contemporary inhabitants of Yuquot plus the role of the site in relation to European, American and Canadian economic and political development.}, author = {Folan, W.J.} } @Conference Paper {10771, title = {The Comnunity, Settlement and Subsistence Patterns of the Nootka Sound Area: A Diachronic Model}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {A detailed analysis of all available prehistoric and historic data relating to the Nootka Sound Area, Vancouver Island, British Columbia has made possible the formation of viable inferences leading to a developmental model of the cultures inhabiting the shore of the Sound from earliest times to present. Pertinent data have been drawn principally from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources describing, the inhabitants of Yuquot, a Nootkan village.}, author = {William J. Folan} } @Conference Paper {10772, title = {An analysis and interpretation of the lithic collection from Tall Jawa, an Iron Age site on the Madaba Plateau, Jordan}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {This paper examines the lithic material from Tall Jawa, a predominantly Iron Age site in Jordan. There were over 800 lithic specimens recovered from several seasons of excavation. Types range from a Levallois core to blades and burins. While preliminary analysis suggests that most were not in situ, there is evidence to suggest that lithic tool use and technology lasted well into the Islamic period in this region of the Near East. This observation is significant in light of the assumed drastic decline of lithic technology with the advent of metallurgy.}, author = {Foley, C.M. and Urva Linnamae and Dawn Cropper} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9138, title = {Sinnock: Apaleolithic Camp and Kill Site in Manitoba}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {120-121}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Conference Paper {10774, title = {The Present State of Archaeology on the Canadian Prairies}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Contrasts are presented between the state of archaeology on the Canadian Plains of several years ago in comparison to the present situation, with a view toward illustrating the general nature of changes that have come about both in organizational facilities and research results. Comments on future requirements in both areas are suggested.}, author = {R.G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9137, title = {Final Report on the 1983 Season at the Head-Smashed-in Buffalo Jump, Alberta}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {231}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Conference Paper {10773, title = {Proposed Antiquities Legislation for the Province of Alberta}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Established in 1971 under the auspices of the Environment Conservation Authority, the Committee for the Conservation of Historical and Archaeological Resources has presented to the Alberta government a number of proposals to be considered for legislation. The recommendations and the principles underlying them are briefly discussed.}, author = {R.G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9136, title = {Anthropology on the Great Plains}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {179-180}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Symposium Papers {10973, title = {One View of Plains Archaeology in Canada: the Past Decade}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {157-166}, author = {Richard G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9135, title = {Early Man in the New World}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {085-089}, editor = {Richard G. Forbis} } @article {9595, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {001-002}, author = {Richard G. Forbis} } @article {9596, title = {Archaeological and Ethnographic Correlates of Seasonality: Problems and Solutions on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {133-150}, abstract = {

Archaeologists paying attention to the clumped nature of Northwest Coast resources suggested that archaeological sites might exhibit functionally-specific materials as a result of site-specific activities. Since a seasonal round of resource acquisition and residential mobility had been observed in the historic period, hypotheses developed that prehistoric subsistence strategies were also based upon the seasonal round. Archaeologists have attempted to test these hypotheses by assessing seasonality at various sites. Additional ethnographic information suggests that the faunal materials for which season at death can be determined may not be good indicators of season of site use. Other questions relating to site complexity, site-specific activities, and subsistence may more readily be addressed with archaeological data form the prehistoric period without reliance upon the ethnographic record for interpretation.

}, author = {Pamela J. Ford} } @Conference Paper {10775, title = {La v{\'e}rit{\'e} sur les cerfs, les tortues et les chiens : examen des interactions entre les humains et la faune chez les anciens Mayas}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Lindsay Foreman} } @Conference Paper {10776, title = {Traversing Unknown Territory: Deciphering the Subsistence and Settlement Patterns of Ontario{\textquoteright}s Western Basin Tradition (ca. A.D. 500 to 1600) us}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {After three decades of intensive research, the lifestyle choices of the members of the Western Basin Tradition (WBT), who occupied southwestern Ontario during the Late Woodland period (ca. A.D. 500 to 1600), remain somewhat of a mystery to archaeologists. To date, the material cultural evidence recovered from these sites has been rather sparse in comparison to their Ontario Iroquois Tradition (OIT) neighbours in the southeast. Current interpretations of Western Basin subsistence and settlement patterns are based on a combination of ceramic, lithic tool, subterranean feature, and postmould data. This paper adds another element to our understanding: an examination of the hunting, processing, transport, cooking, and discard practices of these groups through the analysis of the faunal remains recovered from their sites. Data synthesized from a number of Western Basin zooarchaeological reports prepared over the past three decades were combined with new data collected during the past year. The results provide greater insight into: Western Basin seasonal activities and overall mobility, the animal species of dietary, economic, social, and spiritual importance, the microenvironments that were preferentially exploited and occupied, and whether the adoption of maize horticulture by these groups affected the timing and location of animal procurement and settlement locations.}, author = {Lindsay Foreman} } @Conference Paper {10777, title = {Two Possible Hide Processing Stones from FbNp-1 in Wanuskewin Heritage Park, Saskatchewan}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Lithic use wear analysis was applied to a sample of cobbles recovered from FbNp-1 in Wanuskewin Heritage Park. The use wear analysis was completed to test existing methodologies used to microscopically analyze ground stone tools as applied specifically to hide processing stones. Interpretation of the analysis indicates that at least one, and possibly two, of the cobbles can be interpreted as hide processing stones. An ethnographic literature review into hide processing procedures on the Plains has also uncovered two possible hide processing stone tool categories. These tools have been referred to as braining stones and graining stones. Braining stones were used in the tanning process to aid in the application of a brain tanning mixture. Graining stones were used in the softening and graining process to soften and add texture to the hide. A combination of the literature review and lithic use wear analysis has allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of these tools and their uses. These types of tools are often overlooked in archaeological analyses.Their misidentification may lead to the misinterpretation of activity areas and site usage.}, author = {Forner, Cheryl} } @Conference Paper {10778, title = {Perakh{\'o}ra 1972}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {The first excavations, in 1965, on the prehistoric site by Lake Vouliagm{\'e}ni, Perakh{\'o}ra revealed a series of deposits from Early Bronze I and transitional Early Bronze I/II. In 1972, at two higher parts of the site, sequences from Early Bronze II were recovered. In the principal area investigated a sequence of three EB II phases appeared. In the earliest the site was a pottery production centre: no kilns have been identified with certainty as yet, but a large dump of wasters accrued. The dump was subsequently he building was obviously of some importance, but its exact function escapes us as yet. The site was then levelled off again in order to construct a large, well built complex of rooms of which only part of the plan has yet been recovered. Finally this building appears to have been burnt down and the site abandoned until the 7th century B.C. when a small farmstead occupied, probably briefly, the same position. Subsequently the site lay unoccupied to the present day.}, author = {John M. Fossey} } @Conference Paper {10779, title = {The Archaeological Identification and Interpretation of Pottery-making Locations: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Data from South Africa.}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Identifying the location of past pottery-making activities provides the primary data for inferring the social organization of production. Ethnoarchaeological accounts from Mesoamerica and South America have provided a number of material correlates for identifying the kinds of facilities used in pottery-making, the resulting debris, and the use of space in domestic production. However, similar studies have not been undertaken outside these regions. This study presents a set of criteria derived from an ethnoarchaeological study of amaZulu ceramic production in South Africa. The ethnographic model is compared against data from a nearby archaeological settlement dating to the ninth-century AD. The results of the study suggest that the ethnoarchaeological criteria are useful for identifying ceramic production areas within past settlements, and that a better understanding of the spatial organisation of production may potentially allow more detailed inferences to be made about labour organisation and the identity of artisans in early southern African farming communities.}, author = {Fowler, Kent D.} } @article {11403, title = {Pre-contact Pottery Tempering Practices at Sipiwesk Lake, Manitoba: The Effects of Grit Tempering on Drying and Firing}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {97-116}, abstract = {

This report presents the results of an experiment designed to examine the effects of grit tempering on the shrinkage of clays used to manufacture Middle and Late Woodland pottery from Sipiwesk Lake in northern Manitoba. A single previous experiment by Corenblum and Syms (1977) using clay from southern Manitoba found that grit tempering had little effect on the shrinkage of clays; it was proposed that the use of temper by pre-contact potters may have been a practice driven by cultural choice as opposed to technical necessity. Our experiment analyzed the plasticity and shrinkage of clay briquettes and tiles from Sipiwesk Lake in northern Manitoba that were untempered or tempered with different proportions of a grit (10{\textendash}30 percent) composition comparable to that used by pre-contact potters. Our study shows that adding grit temper increased the plasticity of raw clays (their workability) and reduced the amount of shrinkage experienced during drying and firing. Our conclusions directly contrast Corenblum and Syms{\textquoteright} findings, but do confirm grit temper is not necessary to successfully manufacture a Middle or Late Woodland pot. Based upon these new data we then address the theoretical issue of whether it is useful to distinguish {\textquotedblleft}cultural choice{\textquotedblright} from {\textquotedblleft}technical necessity{\textquotedblright} as alternative explanations for manufacturing practices.

}, author = {Kent D. Fowler and Kate Basco and Mostafa Fayek} } @Conference Paper {10781, title = {The Ritual Use of Pottery in an Early Southern African Farming Community: Data Versus Speculation}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The spatial distribution and association of artifacts and features provides a basic form of evidence for identifying patterns of artifact use. Archaeologists working on southern African Early Iron Age (250-1100 AD) societies commonly assign unusual objects ritual functions and attribute the discard patterns of certain objects to ritual activity. Rarely are these objects integrated into discussions of broader patterns of production, use and disposal at sites. Thus, alternative explanations of their function and disposal have been overlooked. A spatial analysis of ceramic data from the site of Ndondondwane in South Africa is presented to examine these hypotheses. Results indicate that the use and discard of ritual objects may be attributed to factors other than ritual ones, and that ceramic sculpture may be better interpreted within the sociocultural context of iron smelting. Based on these new data, models of continuity and change in the later prehistory of southern Africa are reexamined.}, author = {FOWLER, Kent} } @Conference Paper {10780, title = {Traces of Childhood: Defining Children in the Mortuary Record / Traces de l{\textquoteright}enfance : enfants et documents fun{\'e}raires}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In this paper I express several considerations that should be made when defining {\textquoteright}children{\textquoteright} in the mortuary record. There are three issues involved in defining children in the mortuary record. The first involves the physical identification of children. The second concern is how the mortuary treatments accorded children are analyzed and described. The third issue involves how we translate material remains and patterns into social behaviour. To socially define children, the social rank and status of children must be determined within the social boundaries of the society they belonged. In this paper I address these problems by using a new methodology that allows the social rank and status accorded children to be described (cf. Fowler 1997a, 1997b). A recent analysis of mortuary remains dating to the Greek Neolithic period (6500-3200 BC; Fowler 1997a, 1997b) serves as an example of how children may be socially recognized through mortuary activity. I suggest several possible reasons why children are give mortuary treatments, alternative to adults. Despite the variability in mortuary ritual, I suggest that the treatment of children in the mortuary record is governed by the same social rules of membership and exclusion directing the disposal program of adults. I also argue that the meaning behind the differential treatment of children at death cannot simply be explained by biological factors alone. Rather, as with adults, the social rank and status of children play a key role in defining: 1) their relationships to each other; 2) their relationships to other members of the community; and 3) the general prohibitive and customary constraints on social behaviour, which characterizes the structure and organization of a society.}, author = {FOWLER, Kent} } @Conference Paper {10784, title = {The Serpent{\textquoteright}s Copper Scales}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {A considerable literature exists concerning the form and distribution of native copper artifacts in eastern North America, particularly during the Archaic through Middle Woodland periods. Some studies relating to the sources and artifact types utilized by Mississippian societies are available, however, little has been written concerning native copper use among Woodland groups. Historic references are unfortunately brief and provide few insights into the importance of this raw material to the First Nations. Trace element analyses of copper artifacts from sixteenth and early seventeenth century sites in Ontario have provided new information on the distribution and use of native copper at this critical period in the Great Lakes region. Archaeological data are combined with ethnohistoric and ethnographic observations to better understand the significance of this metal in protohistoric Woodland society.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10788, title = {L{\textquoteright}axe nord-sud du cuivre}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10783, title = {Where East Meets West: The New Copper Cultures}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Trace element analyses of metal artifacts from sixteenth century archaeological sites in Ontario have provided new evidence concerning not only the initiation of European contact, but the character of the contemporary Native metal working industry. Fifteenth through seventeenth century native metal artifact forms are compared with assemblages of reworked European metal in an effort to determine the degree of paradigmatic continuity evidenced in the manipulation of those materials.}, author = {William Fox} } @Conference Paper {10787, title = {Owls and Orenda}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {While subsistence activities dominated Native peoples{\textquoteright} day to day lives to varying degrees throughout their annual cycle of hunting, gathering and/or horticulture, another health-related issue rernained an insidious constant. Throughout the Northeast, the fear of witchcraft has been a pervasive influence at both a personal and community level. Among no group has this been more true than the Iroquois. The issue of identifying evidence of witchcraft in the archaeological record will be explored using ethnographic, ethnohistoric and archaeological data.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @article {9597, title = {Thaniba Wakandagi Among the Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {130-151}, abstract = {

Stone disc-style pipes, while relatively common on late pre-contact sites in what is now the midwestern region of the United States, are rare in the Northeast. Eight disc pipes from Ontario are described and then considered in the context of reported specimens from the Great Lakes and Ohio River drainage basins. Given the exotic nature of this pipe form in terms of Ontario Late Woodland assemblages, the potential routes and rationale for their transmission to Ontario are considered in light of archaeological and ethnographic data from throughout the study area. The rationale for the presence of disc pipes outside of the northern Mississippi drainage heartland\&$\#$39; is considered further from a symbolic standpoint, and two separate interaction vectors are proposed to explain their Ontario distribution. One specimen may speak to a surprising destination of refugee Petun and Odawa peoples following their mid-17th-century dispersal by the Five Nations Iroquois. \&$\#$39;

}, author = {William Fox} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9141, title = {Miskwabik, Metal of Ritual: Metallurgy in Precontact Eastern North America}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {130-133}, editor = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10782, title = {Historical Property Analysis for One St. Thomas Street, Toronto}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {My research examines this history and occupation of One St. Thomas Street, Toronto, Ontario through the application of {\textquoteright}property archaeology{\textquoteright}. In 1844 five wooded houses were built which were then demolished to make way for a multi-million dollar condominium. With the aid of the Toronto Archives, City Directory, City Assessment Rolls, the Archives at Victoria College, and records from Goad{\textquoteright}s Fire Insurance maps I detailed the historical ownership, land use and value, and even a failed business venture attempted with the property. Patterns visible in the city{\textquoteright}s record show this property sample acted as a microcosm for demographics changes and are still occurring in this downtown neighbourhood at the intersection of Bay and Bloor streets.}, author = {Amy Fox} } @Conference Paper {10791, title = {Shaking the Earth: Turtle Shell Rattles Among the Ontario Iroquois}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Turtle shell rattles from archaeological contexts in southern Ontario are considered in light of ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence from eastern North America concerning their specific ritual affiliations. This evidence is combined with that derived from other artifact classes to illustrate the substantial connections which existed between tribes of the Neutral Confederacy and nations to the south during the first half of the seventeenth century.}, author = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10786, title = {Ontario Cherts Revisited}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {An overview of current knowledge concerning Northern and Southern Ontario chert sources is presented, focussing on characterisation/identification and knapping quality. An attempt is made to clarify some of the chert type terminology established by Fox, some 30 years ago, which continues in use in the literature.}, author = {William Fox and Patrick Julig and Dan Long} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9140, title = {An Upper Great Lakes Archaeological Odyssey: Essays in Honor of Charles E. Cleland}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {109-112}, editor = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10790, title = {Horned Panthers and Erie Associates}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Ethnohistoric, ethnographic and linguistic evidence is applied to the interpretation of particular artifact classes from Late Woodland sites in the Lake Erie drainage basin, in an attempt to better understand the spiritual beliefs of resident Algonquian and Iroquoian speaking groups.}, author = {William Fox} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9423, title = {Structure and Regional Diversity of the Meadowood Interaction Sphere}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {172-175}, editor = {William Fox} } @Conference Paper {10785, title = {People and Parks}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The last twenty-five years have witnessed a progressively consultative approach on the part of Canada{\textquoteright}s Federal Government in the establishment and management of National Historic Sites and National Parks. Ten years ago, the first comprehensive claim involving northern Aboriginal peoples was settled with the Inuvialuit of the western Arctic. While CRM issues were not a significant concern in this claim, they have increased in importance to the point where sixteen pages of the Nunavut Final Agreement implementation contract are devoted to archaeology and its practice. The present parks Canada commitment to cultural resource co-management with local Aboriginal communities extends far beyond the northern claims areas, as witnessed by the range of initiatives outlined in this presentation.}, author = {William Fox} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9139, title = {Excavations at the Caradoc Site (AfHj{\textendash}104): A Late Paleo-Indian Ritual Artifact Deposit}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {169-171}, editor = {William A. Fox} } @Conference Paper {10789, title = {The Lakehead Complex{\textendash}New Insights}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {During the 1975 field season, a short project was undertaken to test an hypothesis generated by earlier research. Survey of Knife Lake in Quetico Provincial Park produced evidence indicating Native quarrying of siltstones extending back to late Palaeo-Indian times. Additional evidence from the boundary waters area to the east suggests contact between the Lakehead Complex and more southerly lithic industries.}, author = {W.A. Fox} } @article {9599, title = {A Possible Simon Fraser Signature Site, Stuart Lake, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {89-105}, abstract = {

In 1975, a pictographic inscription attributable to Simon Fraser was discovered on Stuart Lake, British Columbia. Thereafter, two Parks Canada archaeologists photographed the inscription site. The visible remains were compelling, but there was no certainty in determining exactly what was recorded on the rock face. A recently developed software programme called DStretch, designed specifically to analyze digital images of rock art, was used to enhance the evidence. The analysis improved significantly the surviving details of the inscription. This paper discusses several lines of evidence for what might be an incidental but interesting addition to one of Canada\’s most famous fur trade era explorers.

}, author = {Peter D. Francis and John E. P. Porter} } @Conference Paper {10793, title = {Politics and Planning: A Fur Trade Era Reburial at Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site of Canada}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {During the course of construction activities in 1969 at the Seafort Gas Plant within the boundaries of what later became Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site of Canada, a Fur Trade Era burying ground was discovered. The interred remains of 13 individuals were removed from the construction site with one more being recovered in 1971. Following initial analyses, the human remains were placed in storage at the Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta. In September 2002, the human remains, as well as funerary artefacts recovered through later archaeological mitigation at the gas plant were reinterred at a new location within the boundaries of the National Historic Site. This paper discusses aspects of the reburial process including local, Aboriginal and Metis concerns, archaeological research concerns, Parks Canada policies, the various factors that affected the decision making, and how the reburial eventually unfolded.}, author = {Francis, Peter and Thomson, Sharon and Pat McDonald and John E. P. Porter} } @Conference Paper {10792, title = {Probl{\'e}mes de recherche et de gestion concernant les lieux de s{\'e}pulture des lieux historiques nationaux rattach{\'e}s au commerce de}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Peter D. Francis and John E. P. Porter} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9012, title = {Fragments from Antiquity. An Archaeology of Social Life in Britain, 2900{\textendash}1200 BC.}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {162-165}, editor = {Peter D. Francis} } @Conference Paper {10794, title = {Archaeological Research In The Snake Indian River Valley: A Parks Canada-University Of Alberta Partnership}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {During the summers of 1996 and 1997, the Department of Anthropology at the University of Alberta taught their archaeology field school in Jasper National Park under a partnership agreement with Parks Canada. As part of the on going Snake Indian River Threatened Sites Project, the field school continued with the excavation programme begun by Parks Canada archaeologists at a stratified site located on the north terrace of the river valley. The approximately one metre of aeolian silts covering the terrace contain evidence for at least four cultural components. The upper occupation is characterized by fire broken rock and hearth features while middle and lower occupations consist of lithic debitage and several discrete lithic work stations. Radiocarbon dates and recovered projectile points suggest that occupations occurred during the Early, Middle, and Late Prehistoric periods. Given the rarity of stratified archaeological sites in the national park, continuing analysis of the assemblage and further work at the site will provide extremely valuable information concerning the precontact occupational sequence of the Jasper National Park area.}, author = {Peter D. Francis and Caroline HUDECEK-CUFFE} } @Conference Paper {10795, title = {Sowerby Snowshoes: Fragile and Informative Remains in a Hostile Environment}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The recent discovery of a complete pair of precontact snowshoes (250 BP +/70) in a rockshelter near Hope, B.C. is the first of its kind known in the Pacific Northwest. The snowshoes, made entirely of cedar boughs and bark, provide fascinating information with respect to: technology; the preservation of normally perishable artifacts within protected landscape microfeatures; and the use of upland areas during winter months. The use of snowshoes in such an environment would allow the wearer to cover great distances over terrain which would normally be severely broken or sodden. This should prompt the investigation of areas not conventionally surveyed and encourage investigators to seek out elusive pockets of preservation in an otherwise hostile environment.}, author = {Franck, Ian and Dave Schaepe} } @Conference Paper {10797, title = {Fur Seal Remains from Ts{\textquoteright}ishaa Village, Barkley Sound, B.C. (DfSi 16)}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The 1999 and 2000 Tseshaht Archaeological Project excavations at Ts{\textquoteright}ishaa Village on Benson Island, Barkley Sound, B.C., provided evidence of the hunting of fur seals in Barkley Sound over the past 2,000 years. The fur seal remains from this site include a number of individuals classed as young juveniles. This paper explores the implications of the presence of young juveniles in the archaeological sample in terms of precontact Barkley Sound fur seal population structure, pupping habits, migratory behaviour, species affiliation and interaction with human populations. Biological studies of fur seal ecology and behaviour as well as historical and ethnographic information relating to fur seal presence and exploitation in the Barkley Sound region provide a context for the analysis.}, author = {S. Gay Frederick and Crockford, Susan and Becky Wigen} } @Conference Paper {10796, title = {The Fish Fauna of the Charlie Lake Cave Site, HbRf -39}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Charlie Lake Cave Site, radio-carbon dated to between 10,700{\textpm}120 B.R and 1400{\textpm}400 B.R, is the oldest known, well-dated habitation site in the northern interior of British Columbia. Excavations undertaken at the site in the 1980s and 1990s by Dr. Knut Fladmark and Dr. Jon Driver of Simon Fraser University, recovered extensive samples of well preserved faunal material, including bones of mammals, reptiles, birds and fish. The mammalian, reptilian and avian remains are reported elsewhere. This paper discusses the fish remains recovered from Stratigraphic Zones IIa through IV. 1,235 specimens of the 2,157 fish bones recovered in the 1983 excavations were examined. Of these, 770 specimens were identified to species, genus or family. Fully 98.5\% of the identified elements are from a single genus, Catostomus. Cultural, depositional and biological variables are considered as explanations for the strikingly singular nature of this fauna over 10,000 years.}, author = {S. Gay Frederick} } @Conference Paper {10798, title = {The Ancient, Accurate Calendar near Majorville, and the Gregorian Fix}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The date of an equinox, when the Sun crosses the Equator, cannot be determined by direct observation except from the Equator. The date of an Equalnight, which is 12.0 hours long, can be determined by direct observation of the Sun and stars, everywhere except in a four degree band that straddles the Equator. The Equalnights South of the Equator have dates different from those North of the Equator, due to refraction of low angle light by the atmosphere, and the width of the Sun{\textquoteright}s disk. Between AD 1488 and 1522 several European navigator/explorers sailed around the South tips of Africa and South America. They navigated by the Sun and stars. Evidently they discovered the Equalnight date differences. The date at which to celebrate Easter was in question. Six Popes struggled for 40 years to rectify the calendrical problem. There were two problems: to bring the calendar back into phase with the motions of the Sun and Moon; to fix the date of Easter everywhere on Earth. The subsequent papal bull of Gregory XIII, in 1582, stated, in part: II. . . . concerns the annual recurrence of Easter and other festivals, which depend upon measurement of motions of the sun and moon. IV. This fact (that the date of Easter is out of phase with the annual motions of the sun and moon), that indisputably requires that calendar restoration be fixed by law, . . . up to now couldn{\textquoteright}t be done, . . . and did not preserve uninjured the ancient rites of the Church (that was the first concern in this restoration). As a result, dictionaries in most European languages contain definitions equivalent to the following from OED and Merriam-Webster: equinox - either of two times of each year (about 21 March and 23 September) when the sun crosses the equator and the day and night are equal in length all over the world. But there is no date on which the day and night are equal in length all over the world. The durations of day/night on an equinox vary from 12h07m/11h53m at the equator to 24h00m/00h00m at the poles. At the SUN TEMPLE near Majorville the day/night durations at an equinox are 12h10m/11h50m. These dates are not marked in the 4500 year old calendar. But the dates of the 12.0h day/12.0h night are marked unambiguously. Two of the several Equalnight Sun Set and Rise lines will be shown, with a series of Sets and Rises passing through them. The 4000 year old calendar in Stonehenge also marks the Equalnights. These discoveries will result in corrections to definitions of {\textquoteright}equinox{\textquoteright} in all European languages, and will introduce two new words, Equalday and Equalnight.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R.} } @Conference Paper {10802, title = {Sacred Glyphed Boulders Near Viking, AB, and the Iron Creek Meteorite: Sites and Objects}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Glyphed boulders in what is now Alberta were in ancient times placed on the highest hills in their vicinity. We have studied nine such sites, from Viking (111.613{\textdegree}W, 52.990{\textdegree}N) to Foremost (111,469{\textdegree}W, 49,403{\textdegree}N). Two are described here. The sites are a major part of the artifacts. The Viking {\textquoteright}Ribstones{\textquoteright} are on the summit (744 in above sea level) of a gently rising hill, 16 km SE of Viking. The summit was artificially extended by 4 in to the NNE; two glyphed boulders are on the E side of the extension. The boulders form an open ended V which points to a lake 5 kin SSE, and to Wolf Ears Hill 26 km SSE, which is the probable site from which the Iron Creek Meteorite was taken in 1886. The style of the engravings on both boulders is cup and groove (probably the most ancient style in North America, Grant 1967). The dominant feature in high angle light is the grooves. In low angle light the cups gain prominence. Combinations of light and shadow make features that change with time of day and season. The grooves are satiny smooth. Some cups are moderately smooth and others are roughly pecked.The Iron Creek Meteorite is now in the Provincial Museum, Edmonton, in the display of minerals. The location of its venerable site has been the subject of speculation for more than 30 years. Considerable evidence now indicates that the site was the summit of Wolf Ears Hill (705 in above sea level, 10 km NE by E of Lougheed). The hill has a long N-S axis, and there is a large {\textquoteright}North marker rock{\textquoteright} 3 km, 359{\textdegree} from the hole in the summit.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J.FREEMAN} } @Conference Paper {10806, title = {MAJORVILLE MEDICINE WHEEL COMPLEX: MARKING THE 12.00 HOUR DAY, NOT THE TRUE SOLAR EQUINOX}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Medicine Wheel is a name given to several kinds of circular or radiating patterns of stones placed on the ground by man. It is unlikely that all kinds of medicine wheels served the same purpose (Brumley 1988). The Majorville Medicine Wheel in Southern Alberta (50.586? N latitude, 112.410? W longitude) has associated with it outlying rock lines and cairns that accurately mark the sun rise and set points on the solstices and on the observed equinoxes. The point of the sun{\textquoteright}s first flash on the horizon is the rise position, and the point of the last flash on the horizon is the set position. These points move northward from December to June, then move southward again after the summer solstice. Near an equinox the sun rise and set points at Majorville move along the horizon by 1.3 sun diameters per day. Near a solstice it takes nine days to move the last diamcter to the solstice position. We determine the sun rise and set points photographically to within less than one sun{\textquoteright}s diameter, and sometimes to within a fifth of a diameter (0.1?), along alignments up to 2km long. Rock alignments at Majorville mark the sun rise and set points three days before the vernal equinox and three days after the autumnal equinox. These days are within two minutes of being exactly 12 hours long. The lens effect of the atmosphere causes the length of the solar equinoctial days to be about 12 hours and 10 minutes long at Majorville. The position of sunrise on the 12.00 hour day is marked by a spoke in the Medicine Wheel, which points to a large white limestone in the East House 61m away, and to a configured part of the eroded river bank 1100m away. Rocks have slid down the eroded bank from the sightline position. The sun rises over the horizon about 30km distant. A more spectacular 12.00 hour day sunrise marker involves two V sights of rocks separated by 70m, on the west side of the Medicine Wheel hill. The sighting line is tangent to the Wheel. Because one is looking up the shaded side of the hill, the sun becomes visible in the nested bottoms of the V{\textquoteright}s a half hour after the first flash on the distant horizon. Thus, one can observe the equinox sunrise even if the distant horizon is overcast to a depth of several sun diameters. The 12.00 hour day sunset is marked by a spoke of the Wheel which points to a small cairn on a hillock 1100m away and to a ripple on the horizon about 10km distant. The important part of the Majorville Medicine Wheel site covers 13km. It is 20,000 times larger than previously thought. The area protected by Alberta Government designation has been increased from 0.16km to 0.65km. The designated area should include all of sections 2, 3, 10 and 11 in township 19, range 18, west of the 4th meridian, and also the E half of 4-19-18-4 and the steep banks on both sides of the Bow River in sections 1, 12, 13 and 24 of 19-18-4, and the banks in sections 24, 25, 34 and 35 of 18-18-4.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10801, title = {Majorville Medicine Wheel Complex: Distant Outliers and Accurate Solstice Alignments}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Majorville complex contains solstice sun rise and set lines up to 1800 in long, marked by small cairns or large rocks. Some of the lines point to the sun{\textquoteright}s first or last flash on a horizon 20-30 km distant; others look uphill to a horizon 800-1800 in away. The uphill lines serve when a band of cloud obscures the more distant horizon. At the Majorville site we have found the distant horizon to be clear about one third of the time, but with the two levels of siting lines we find one or the other clear about half of the time. Near a solstice the sun rise and set points move along the horizon slowly; it takes nine days to move the last diameter to the solstice position. It takes three days to move the last 0.1 diameter. At Majorville one of the summer solstice rise lines runs 1.8 degrees north of the intersection of the northern slope of the Medicine Wheel Hill with the distant horizon. The sun rise occurs at this intersection on about 4 June, which provides a seventeen day countdown to the solstice. We have found five lines that mark the summer rise, two that mark the summer set, one that marks the winter rise and three that mark the winter set. Of greatest significance were the summer sun rise and the winter sun set.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10805, title = {Site- and local-scale processes at the Stampede Site, Cypress Hills, Alberta and the Below Forks site, Saskatchewan}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Geoarchaeological studies have been initiated at the Stampede site, a 7,000+ year old multiple component archaeological site located on the northern slope of the Cypress Hills upland, and the Below Forks site, a second multiple component site located at the confluence of the north and south Saskatchewan rivers. Site- and local-scale alluvial and colluvial processes have had a significant impact on the preservation of archaeological resources at these sites. The relative influence of each of these processes is examined. The scale at which Holocene sedimentary inputs might have influenced site settlement and use is currently under investigation.}, author = {Freeman, Andrea K.L. and Garry L. Running IV and BEAUDOIN, Alwynne and Dion Wiseman} } @Conference Paper {10800, title = {Nematodes on archaeological sites in Canada: past, present, and future effects on soil development and archaeological site preservation}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Native earthworms were removed from glaciated areas of North America during the late Pleistocene. Re-colonization by Native species, following glaciation was excessively slow. The lack of earthworm fauna in many parts of the Canadian landscape has had a significant impact on soil development on archaeological sites. Moreover, the introduction of European exotics by a wide variety of unintentional means has a great impact on surface soil development. Soil defaunation and recolonization impacts are critical to understanding soil development over time, the environmental records available from past soil development, and the preservation of surface components on archaeological sites.}, author = {Andrea Freeman and Garry L. Running} } @Conference Paper {10804, title = {Observational Archaeoastronomy at Stonehenge: Winter and Summer Solstice Sun Rise and Set Alignments Accurate to 0.2 o in 4000 BP}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {For several centuries it has been assumed that observations of Solstitial Sun Rises and Sets, if they were made at Stonehenge, were made from inside the Sarsen Circle looking outward. The outlying Heel Stone is in approximately the Summer Solstice Sun Rise direction when viewed from the centre of the Sarsen Circle. The fact that the Solstitial Sun rises Northerly of this line, and 4000 years ago rose still more Northerly of it, has been excused by the assumption that the observations were ceremonial, and the inaccuracy of 2 o did not matter. Our long-term experience at a site in Alberta has shown that Sun lines were accurate to 0.1 o to 0.2 o, so we wondered whether the Stonehenge people in Britain had been as fussy. During three study visits to Stonehenge, in the Decembers of 1995 and 1997, and June 1999, we discovered that accurate lines in 4000 BP were obtained by standing far outside the Sarsen Circle, and looking through narrow gaps between the Circle and Trilithon Stones, to the Sun Rise or Set on the horizon beyond. The Heel Stone was not a foresight for the Summer Solstice Sun Rise, but was an observation position for the Winter Solstice Sun Set into the side of a burial mound 1 km away, on the far side of the Sarsen Circle. We have recorded Solstitial Sun Rises and Sets through Stonehenge in both December and June. The lines 4000 years ago were 0.94 o farther away from due East and West, and traversed the Circle in the manner that we will show. The Rise and Set lines crossed over the middle of the Altar Stone.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10799, title = {Multiple Observation Lines for the Summer Solstice Sun Rise in the Majorville Medicine Wheel Complex}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The central part of the Majorville Medicine Wheel Complex is constructed on three hills of equal height, 919 m above MSL, along a NE - SW line, 1.9 km between NE and SW summits. The Majorville Medicine Wheel is on the NE summit. A smaller Medicine Wheel is on the middle summit. A cairn is on the SW summit. The hills are functionally connected by multiple observation lines for the Summer Solstice Sun Rise (SSR) and for the Winter Solstice Sun Set (WSS). The present paper displays several SSR lines. I will submit a paper about several WSS lines to Chacmool 2001. One SSR line is from the cairn on the SW summit to a cairn 1.6 km away on a West shoulder of the NE hill. Observed from the top of the back cairn, the foresight cairn nearly touches the distant horizon, about 30 km away. A 1.7 km SSR line contains three visible pairs of rocks along its length, and ends at the Majorville Cairn. Three other lines will be demonstrated.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10803, title = {Observational Archaeoastronomy at the Majorville Medicine Wheel Complex: Winter and Summer Solstice Sun Rise and Set Alignments Accurate to 0.2o}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Majorville Medicine Wheel is actually a Sun Cairn surrounded by a Rayed Ring. It is the central construction of an enormous Sun Temple that extends over about 100 square kilometres. There are auxilliary cairns on the site that make up, among other things, an accurate calendar. On occasion I have been asked why people who followed the bison would have wanted an accurate calendar. The answer is that the Sky is a map that is fascinating, and some people are drawn to read it. I have found no evidence that people who lived here five or ten thousand years ago were less intelligent than us. Examine an Eden or Scottsbluff point. It is possible that while Europeans and Asians were advancing in technology, Americans were advancing in philosophy. When mortal conflict arises between technologists and philosophers, the technologists win. We will display some of the Solstitial Sun Rise and Set lines at the Sun Temple near Majorville that have put the subject of Archaeoastronomy on a sounder, empirical foundation. Techniques developed at the site near Majorville have been applied at Stonehenge, and greatly improved the archaeoastronomy of that Sun Temple. We continue to urge Archaeological Survey of Alberta officials to designate more of the Majorville site.}, author = {Freeman, Gordon R. and Phyllis J. Freeman} } @Conference Paper {10807, title = {Documenting Aboriginal Trails: Issues and Perspectives from Southern Interior British Columbia}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper will evaluate the various approaches used by geographers, historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, and foresters in documenting aboriginal trails. Methodological challenges in finding and recording trails in the field will then be discussed. The importance of First Nations input is emphasized. Lastly, perspectives on the significance of aboriginal trails as indicators of pre-contact land use, and the utility of identifying these networks for heritage resource management purposes will then be presented.}, author = {Diana E. French} } @Conference Paper {10811, title = {Erasing Ethnicity: The Case of the Chinese Lepers of D{\textquoteright}Arcy Island}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The paucity of ethnic markers in the archaeological record of a predominantly Chinese leper colony is explained. This institution was located on Big and Little D{\textquoteright}Arcy Islands, British Columbia, between 1891 and 1924. The isolation of the colony and administrative policies are dominant factors contributing to the blurring of Chinese ethnicity. Other significant processes include the status of the incarcerated victims, refuse disposal patterns and historically documented site abandonment practices.}, author = {FRENCH, Diana} } @Conference Paper {10810, title = {Assessing the Culture and Language of Logging: An Anthropological Perspective on BC Interior Forestry Archaeology}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {With the implementation of the archaeology section of the BC Forestry Practices Code, archaeologists have been faced with many new challenges. This paper will present an anthropological perspective on the practice of Interior forestry archaeology. The relevance of research strategies commonly employed in applied anthropology to contemporary archaeological consulting will be discussed. Certain approaches are more conducive to the incorporation of the perspectives and concerns of First Nations, as well as those of forestry practitioners. Archaeologists have had to devise new methodologies for working in different types of survey units, including operations areas, cutting permits, and cut blocks. In some types of terrain, the latter are frequently in a mutually exclusive distribution to archaeological and traditional use sites. The need to consider the results of investigations beyond the context of Forest Districts boundaries and Forestry Development Plans is demonstrated. Lastly, archaeologists like ethnographers must be aware of the role they play in translating and writing about culture. Archaeological reporting should be sensitive to the potential long term implications for First Nations, as well as to meeting the needs of the forestry industry.}, author = {FRENCH, Diana} } @Conference Paper {10809, title = {Sheep, Goats, Geep, or Shoats? An Applied Anthropological Perspective on the Nature of CRM}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper will present an applied anthropological perspective on the nature of applied archaeology. Emphasis is on the development of CRM in British Columbia. The perspective is that of a hybrid anthropologist/archaeologist, who combines research and cultural resource management working collaboratively with First Nations. Historically, there has been a tendency to emphasize the differences between compliance and research archaeology. Contemporary applied anthropological literature will be used in this discussion to illuminate some of the points of convergence.}, author = {Diana E. French} } @Conference Paper {10808, title = {Images of Archaeology in North American Videos}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Visual anthropology is the study of how aspects of culture are represented and interpreted in film, video, photography, and computer based multi-media. While it has been a major developing area of interest in anthropology, the significance for archaeology has been widely overlooked. This paper will critically evaluate a selection of films about archaeology, made for educational purposes in North America. It will examine features commonly considered in anthropological analyses, such as voice, content, and selective editing. It is concluded that for the most part little attention has been paid in the past to the nature of the representations of archaeologists and their discipline. Film aesthetics, entertainment value, and marketability often supersede the need for more culturally sensitive and appropriate images. Gender bias is rampant. The voices and meaningful representations of indigenous and other peoples whose cultures are the focus of these films, are most frequently missing from these visual documents.}, author = {Diana E. French} } @Conference Paper {10812, title = {Archaeological Investigations in the Traditional Territory of the Cheslatta Nation, Central B.C.}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of archaeological investigations undertaken in the traditional territory of the Cheslatta Carrier Nation. Excavations at two major village sites on Cheslatta Lake, and survey of a number of smaller lakes throughout Cheslatta lands are summarized. Pre-contact and traditional use sites are ubiquitous and numerous. Long-term occupation of the region, and an extensive trading network are evidenced. A distinctive socio-economic adaptive strategy is also reflected in the archaeological record.}, author = {FRENCH, Diana} } @Symposium Papers {10971, title = {Distribution and aboriginal use of the sub-order Pinnipedia on the Northwest Coast as seen from Makah territory, Washington}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {146-161}, author = {Edward~I.~Friedman and Carl~E.~Gustafson} } @Conference Paper {10816, title = {Protohistoric Settlement Patterns in the Interior District of Keewatin: Implications for Caribou Inuit Social Organization}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Inuit of the interior District of Keewatin were named {\textquoteright}Caribou Eskimo{\textquoteright} by Birket-Smith in 1929, due to their profound reliance on caribou for food, clothing, shelter, and technology. In part because of this adaptation, they have generally been portrayed as among the most primitive and simple societies in the Canadian Arctic. This portrait is based on ethnographic research conducted after major epidemies and drastic reductions in caribou populations had decimated Inuit societies of the Keewatin. This paper, based on two recent archaeological projects in the District of Keewatin, presents Inuit site distributions for two areas: Aberdeen Lake on the Thelon River, and the lower Kazan River. Both areas yielded settlement patterns characterized by significant variability in site size, complexity, and function. These data indicate that the Inuit of interior Keewatin were able to maximize their social interaction in ways more complex than are indicated by the ethnographic record.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Andrew Stewart} } @inbook {11025, title = {The Qikiqtaruk Archaeology Project 1990-92: Preliminary Results of Archaeological Investigations on Herschel Island, Northern Yukon Territory}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {61-83}, abstract = {The Qikiqtaruk Archaeology Project was initiated in 1990 as an exploration of Inuvialuit prehistory and history on Herschel Island, northern Yukon Territory. Herschel Island is important to the development of Inuvialuit society for two primary reasons: 1) for much of the past millennium, the island was a centre of Inuvialuit settlement, trade, and interaction with Euroamericans; and 2) several archaeological sites on Herschel Island are relatively large and well-preserved, while virtually all other coastal sites on the Yukon North Slope have been lost to erosion. During three field seasons, nine Inuvialuit structures were completely excavated, ranging in age from the late Thule period to the early twentieth century. This report presents a preliminary description of four Inuvialuit dwellings which represent four different periods of occupation. The architecture, traditional artifacts, and imported Euroamerican trade goods recovered from each context provide an illustration of the changing nature of Inuvialuit society on Herschel Island.}, author = {T. Max Friesen}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10820, title = {Regional Analysis of the Archaeology of Grasslands National Park using GIS / Analyse r{\'e}gionale, {\`a} l{\textquoteright}aide d{\textquoteright}un SIG, de l{\textquoteright}a}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Grasslands National Park lies along the U.S. border in south western Saskatchewan. In keeping with federal policy on national parks, the park was surveyed to provide an inventory of the park{\textquoteright}s cultural resources. As a result, over 3000 sites were located and recorded. Patterns of archaeological site location were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the results will be presented in this paper.GIS was used to compare the location of archaeological sites with various themes in the environment, such as site distance from water, and site location on different classes of slope, aspect, and elevation. Models of important food plant areas, as well as preferred bison and antelope habitats were developed; and these were added to the themes compared to site locations. GIS was also used to look at the geological processes in the park, and how these have potentially affected site visibility.}, author = {FRIESEN, Nathan} } @Conference Paper {10815, title = {New Dates on the Nelson River Site: Implications for the Thule Migration}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Thule Inuit migration eastward from Alaska is one of the great events in the Arctic past, yet many aspects of this process, including its timing, remain unclear. In this paper, we present new dates for the earliest known Thule sites in the Amundsen Gulf / Beaufort Sea region: Nelson River and Washout. This region acted as a "bottleneck" through which Thule migrants would have to pass, and therefore accurate dates for these two early sites have important implications for our understanding of the timing, rate, and nature of the Inuit peopling of the Eastern Arctic.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Charles D. Arnold} } @inbook {11024, title = {Washout--The Final Chapter: 1985-86 NOGAP Salvage Excavations on Herschel Island}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {39-60}, abstract = {The Washout site on Herschel Island, northern Yukon Territory, is one of only a few prehistoric Neoeskimo sites on the Yukon North Slope, and has yielded the earliest known Thule component in the greater Mackenzie Delta region. This report outlines NOGAP salvage excavation of two archaeological features at Washout, performed during the 1985 and 1986 field seasons. The first feature is a late prehistoric semi-subterranean house which yielded a diverse artifact sample and a faunal sample dominated by ringed seal bones. The second feature contained a small artifact sample and poorly defined structural remains which preclude conclusive interpretation. However, the faunal sample, which contains a preponderance of fish bones, may indicate a warm-season occupation. This new information contributes substantially to current understanding of prehistoric subsistence and settlement variability in the Mackenzie Delta region.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Jeffrey R. Hunston}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {11800, title = {Archaeology and Modern Climate Change}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {028-037}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9271, title = {The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {307-310}, editor = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10819, title = {Cache Point and the Origins of Inuvialuit Culture: A Preliminary Report}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Although the recent culture history of the Mackenzie Delta region is becoming relatively well known, the origins of Inuvialuit lifeways remain obscure. This paper will present the results of three field seasons at the Cache Point site, on the East Channel of the Mackenzie River. Cache Point is the best-preserved early Neoeskimo archaeological site in the region, and as such, it offers a unique glimpse of early Inuvialuit beluga hunters. While analyses of architecture, artifacts, and fauna are ongoing, a preliminary picture of precontact social and economic organization is emerging, and will be outlined here.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10814, title = {Of Moose and Maggots: Experimental Breakage of Decomposed, Fresh and Frozen Longbones by Pressure and Percussion}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Despite the importance of fresh {\textquoteright}spiral{\textquoteright} fracture of bone to zooarchaeological interpretation, many factors potentially affecting bone breakage are poorly understood. The experiments reported here consist of controlled breakage of small samples of bone while altering a number of variables, including holding position (single or double anvil), nature of applied force (static or dynamic), age of bone when broken (fresh or weathered), and temperature (frozen or unfrozen). Bone fragments resulting from breakage episodes were compared on the basis of continuous and discontinuous data.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Obituaries {9935, title = {Dr. Howard Gordon Savage 1913{\textendash}1997}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {155-156}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Frances Stewart} } @Conference Paper {10823, title = {Dry Bones: Re-Thinking Binford{\textquoteright}s Drying Utility Index}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Although Lewis Binford{\textquoteright}s concept of food utility has been widely cited, applied, and critiqued by zooarchaeologists, a number of related procedures outlined in Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology remain poorly understood and underutilised. One such concept is the Drying Utility Index, which predicts which carcass portions, with attached bone, will be selected for storage by drying. This index is potentially important, relating as it does to many key issues in hunter-gatherer and pastoralist archaeology, including subsistence, mobility patterns, storage, and seasonality. However, the Drying Utility Index has not been widely used by zooarchaeologists, at least in part because the calculations involved in its derivation are extremely complex. The primary purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present a new drying index which is significantly easier to calculate than Binford{\textquoteright}s, yet which retains all of its key attributes. This new index is then applied to caribou bone samples from two regions: Binford{\textquoteright}s Nunamiut data from northern Alaska, and the contents of three caches from the Barren Grounds of Canada, near Baker Lake, Nunavut. In both cases, the new index predicts the observed element frequencies as well as, or better than, the original drying index. As a result, the new index should prove applicable to element distributions from a wide range of archaeological contexts.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10818, title = {Application of Mandible Thin-Sectioning Techniques to the Study ofPrehistoric Beluga Whale Hunting in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The economy of the late prehistoric Mackenzie Inuit was based on a great diversity of resources, including the seasonally abundant beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). This paper is based on examination of beluga bones recovered from Gupuk, a large prehistoric site in the Mackenzie Delta. These analyses will be used to characterize prehistoric methods of beluga procurernent, and to determine the significance of this species to the diet of the Mackenzie Inuit. Emphasis will be placed on the examination of incremental structures observable in thin-sectioned beluga mandibles, which will be used to establish an age profile of the hunted population.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Charles D. Arnold} } @Conference Paper {10813, title = {PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE DISTRICT OF KEEWATIN, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The barrenlands of the Keewatin District northwest of Hudson Bay, exhibit a complex prehistory which includes five distinct archaeological traditions: Palaeo-Indian, Archaic, Pre-Dorset, Taltheilei and Caribou Inuit. People of all traditions shared an economic focus on caribou; which provided not only food, but also the skins, antler, bone and sinew which were required for clothing, shelter, and subsistence technologies. Investigations near Baker Lake during the 1988 and 1989 field seasons have yielded significant new components to the known site distributions of the Taltheilei (Dene) and Caribou Inuit traditions. Settlement patterns associated with these two populations indicate major distinctions between their respective caribou procurement systems. These distinctions are interpreted here in terms of technological, environmental and social factors which affect the mobility and spatial distribution of northern hunter-gatherers. This study also reveals potential inadequacies in previous archaeological survey strategies in the barrenlands.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Conference Paper {10822, title = {PATTERNS OF MEAT STORAGE AND TRANSPORT INFERRED FROM THREE CACHES NEAR BAKER LAKE, NUNAVUT}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Large-scale storage of meat is a crucial component of many hunter-gatherer subsistence systems, and often entails the construction of specialized caches. However, our ability to reconstruct past storage behaviour is limited by the fact that caches are usually emptied by their builders, leaving little zooarchaeological evidence behind. This paper reports on the contents of three caches near Baker Lake, Nunavut, which are remarkable because their contents were never retrieved, leaving a large sample of bones derived from a minimum of 14 caribou. The observed element distributions are discussed in terms of meat utility indices, transport costs and ethnographically-documented patterns of caribou butchery.}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @article {9600, title = {Variation in Subsistence Among Inland Inuit: Zooarchaeology of Two Sites on the Kazan River, Nunavut}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {032-050}, abstract = {

Animal bones from two sites on the lower Kazan River, Nunavut, were analyzed in order to interpret regional patterns of subsistence and seasonality. The Itimniq-Muskox\&$\#$39; site, which contains a multi-seasonal occupation, yielded a high frequency of muskox bones, in addition to the expected bones of caribou, smaller mammals, fish, and birds. It is interpreted as representing a relatively early Inuit occupation, possibly around the time of the earliest year-round settlement of interior regions. The Piqqiq site is a well-known fall caribou crossing site. Bone samples from crevices beneath two boulders adjacent to the main site revealed a caribou-dominated economy, representing the archetypal Caribou Inuit subsistence pattern. Together, these sites provide an initial baseline of information relating to regional and chronological variability within past barrenland zooarchaeological assemblages.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {T. Max Friesen and Andrew M. Stewart} } @Conference Paper {10817, title = {Refinement and Application of Beluga Whale Mandible Ageing Techniques}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {One of the principal methods currently used to investigate prehistoric hunting techniques involves the construction of mortality profiles based on growth layers in the teeth of hunted animals. However, archaeologists have paid much attention to the fact that in addition to teeth, the bones of some vertebrate taxa also contain annual growth layers. Research reported here builds on earlier published evidence that beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mandibles incorporate regular annual growth layers. For the present study, thin-sections were cut from eight beluga mandibles of known age, in order to determine the most reliable location on the mandible for observation of growth layers. This methodology was then used to establish a mortality profile based on over 50 beluga whale mandibles recovered from Elwin Bay, the site of a large-scale historic whale hunt on Somerset Island, Northwest Territories.}, author = {T. Max Friesen and James M. Savelle and Thomas G. SMITH} } @Conference Paper {10821, title = {Les longues maisons du site de Cadfael : les regroupements dans l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le Victoria (Nunavut) au Dors{\'e}tien tardif}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {T. Max Friesen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11936, title = {A Tale of Three Villages: Indigenous-Colonial Interactions in Southwestern Alaska, 1740{\textendash}1950}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {263-266}, editor = {Kristen D. Barnett} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11047, title = {Rancher Archaeologist: A Career in Two Different Worlds}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {363-366}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Conference Paper {10824, title = {Ancestral Engineering: Bringing an Engineering Perspective to Archaeological Investigation}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {We have long felt those whom modern society has named "Engineers" have played a significant role in the evolution of cultures and civilizations. Working with manual tools and the materials that nature provided, archaeological evidence has shown that practical, innovative, and esthetically beautiful creations were produced by our engineering ancestors. As with most effective research, understanding the past can lead to optimizing the future, and we propose that it is beneficial to study engineering and design in this context. In this paper we will discuss what we have termed "Ancestral Engineering", and describe the rationale behind the initiative. Two main themes have emerged; engineers helping archaeologists to integrate engineering expertise into their investigations, and archaeologists helping engineers to extract engineering design practice and methodology from other cultures. We propose and will begin to develop a concept of some archaeological materials as "engineered products" as opposed to "artifacts", within this framework. Several initial project ideas are discussed and a suite of Research Questions is proposed. We believe this is an emerging field, with significant opportunity to develop collaborative relationships with interested engineers, archaeologists and anthropologists to pursue discussions and potential research in this field.}, author = {David W. Fritz and David S. Strong and J. Tim Bryant} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9095, title = {Prehistoric Native Americans and Ecological Change: Human Ecosystems in Eastern North America Since the Pleistocene}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {307-311}, editor = {Gayle J. Fritz} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9067, title = {Images de la Pr{\'e}histoire du Qu{\'e}bec}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {165-167}, editor = {Bruce G.Trigger} } @Conference Paper {10825, title = {Sex-based Activities and Dental Pathology Among Late Woodland Iroquoians}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Research on dental pathology of prehistoric populations has been a major topic among physical anthropologists. However, very few specialists have considered the influence of sex-based activities on oral health even though recent ethnographic works have shown such relations. The goal of this communication is to explore the relation between oral health and sex-based activities among the Late Woodland Iroquoians.}, author = {Gagn{\'e}, G{\'e}rard} } @Conference Paper {10826, title = {A Typology for Cypriot White Painted Ceramics: Chronology vs Regionalism}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {White Painted Wares, while not found in great numbers in any excavation, are the hallmark of the Middle Bronze Age on Cyprus. This makes them a critical marker for chronology. Paul {\r A}str{\"o}m created the typology used today as his PhD thesis which was published in 1957. {\r A}str{\"o}m examined material that came mainly from tomb groups, created a seriation of types based on both shape and decoration. This typology is used today to assign new finds to established types, but recently there have been some questions raised about the accuracy of {\r A}str{\"o}m{\textquoteright}s work and its usefulness with newly excavated material, especially from settlement sites. The results of a preliminary petrographic analysis of the fabric of sherds from two sites on Cyprus raises the possibility that some of the types listed by {\r A}str{\"o}m may be due to regional differences rather than chronological ones.}, author = {Laura Gagne} } @Conference Paper {10827, title = {Probl{\'e}matiques de la conservation des p{\'e}trogrammes du site Nisula - Ies peintures rupestres en Am{\'e}rique du Nord}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Nous examinerons les principales probl{\'e}matiques relatives {\`a} la conservation des peintures {\`a} l{\textquoteright}ocre rouge du site Nisula. Ainsi, en plus de faire un sommaire de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tat de conservation, nous devrons nous interroger sur les moyens privil{\'e}gi{\'e}s pour en prolonger l{\textquoteright}existence ou {\`a} tout le moins la m{\'e}moire. Ce site d{\textquoteright}art rupestre qui vraisemblablement fut identifi{\'e} et cartographi{\'e}, il y a d{\'e}j{\`a} plus de 250 ans (1731-1733) parle missionnaire J{\'e}suite, P{\'e}re Pierre-Michel Laure, a pu se conserver jusqu{\textquoteright}{\`a} nos jours sans actions humaines extraordinaires. Pourtant, la red{\'e}couverte r{\'e}cente et les recherches conduites pour sa sauvegarde et son interpr{\'e}tation ne constituent-elles pas une menace r{\'e}elle pour ce site d{\textquoteright}art rupestre? En effet, la m{\'e}diatisation des travaux et l{\textquoteright}{\'e}ventuelle accessibilit{\'e} du site {\`a} de pseudo-sp{\'e}cialistes ou {\`a} de simples curieux ne sont-elles pas {\`a} craindre pour la survie du site Nisula? Sans pour autant pr{\^o}ner un statu quo, quel type d{\textquoteright}action peut-on pr{\'e}voir pour la conservation et la mise en valeur d{\textquoteright}un tel site localis{\'e} en bordure d{\textquoteright}un lac fr{\'e}quent{\'e} par de nombreux amateurs de p{\^e}che sportive ?}, author = {Louis Gagnon} } @Conference Paper {10829, title = {Maisons denbighiennes au Noatak National Preserve, Nord-Ouest de l{\textquoteright}Alaska}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Robert Gal and Steven L. Klingler} } @Conference Paper {10828, title = {Scratching the Surface: 10 years of U.S. National Park Service Investigations in the Noatak National Preserve, Northwest Alaska}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Solecki, Irving, Foote, Anderson and Hall conducted limited and dispersed archaeological investigations in the Noatak National Preserve, Northwest Alaska. When the 2.65 million hectare Preserve was designated by the U.S. Congress in 1980, only 136 archaeological sites had been reported within its boundaries. In 1992 the U.S. National Park Service began systematic reconnaissance-level surveys and test excavations in the Preserve; nearly 1,500 sites are now recorded. The annual progress of the U.S. National Park Service survey effort is presented as a back-drop for new archaeological sites radiocarbon-dated to the early and mid-Holocene. These new data, which significantly augment the stratified record at the Onion Portage Site in the Kobuk Valley National Park, Northwest Alaska, are provisionally synthesized. Congeners of these new early and mid-Holocene Noatak assemblages can be expected to occur as far east as the northern Yukon Territory.}, author = {Robert Gal and Steven L. Klingler} } @Conference Paper {10830, title = {A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DIETS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE ENLISTED MEN AT HISTORIC FORT YORK (AjGu-26), TORONTO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Archaeological excavations undertaken since 1987 at Fort York, a multi-component British Military site founded in 1793, have uncovered both a midden associated with Enlisted Men and a filled areaway adjacent to the ca. 1815 Brick Officers{\textquoteright} Mess. Faunal material from the midden and the Officers{\textquoteright} Mess was compared to determine if status differences could be detected within the faunal sample. Results suggest that there are notable differences in the subsistence patterns of the Officers and the Enlisted Men living under similar conditions. In addition, there is some indication that increases and decreases in the relative frequencies of key species within the Enlisted Men{\textquoteright}s sample can be linked to documented historical events.}, author = {Garden, Mary-Catherine E.} } @Conference Paper {10831, title = {Home is Where the Hearth is}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {The Benares estate is a nineteenth century farmstead located in Mississauga which has been home for over 150 years to the Harris family. In addition to good documentary evidence, there is a wealth of oral tradition from living descendants of the family. Much of this revolves around two fires which occurred in the mid-1800{\textquoteright}s. The problem of integrating the oral history and documentary evidence with the archaeological data to establish context is not uncommon on historic sites. Focusing on the 1836 summer kitchen, which survived the fire(s), the specific problems encountered in applying the oral histories and the documents to the archaeological evidence at the Benares estate will be discussed.}, author = {Garden, Mary Catherine} } @Conference Paper {10834, title = {Agricultural Resource Use and Corel/Periphery Relations in the Penoles Region, Oaxaca, Mexico}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper will focus upon prehispanic agricultural resource use in a high altitude, marginal zone of the Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca. The study area is located between 350-400 km south of Mexico City in an area long referred to simply as Los Penoles. The Penoles region forms a boundary zone between the Mixtec culture to the north and west and the Zapotecs of the Valley of Oaxaca to the east. Archaeological survey of the area has revealed a long history of occupation in the region and of contact with neighbours; on all sides. The evidence also points toward the development of a local Penoles polity in the Formative period which by the mid-Postclassic was comparable in size to petty kingdoms which had evolved in the Valley of Oaxaca. The paper explores how the Penoles population was able to support itself in such a marginal environment for agriculture and the nature of their contact with other groups.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10838, title = {Dangerous Goods: The Coastal-Interior Grease Trade}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Gastrointestinal problems have always afflicted human populations. The major factors involved are overeating, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, infection from parasites or micro-organisms, and poisoning by food or toxins produced by bacteria. Most people are at least familiar with the signs of potential botuligenic food poisoning in commercially processed foods. However, the reality is that since 1940, well over 90\% of the reported and confirmed cases of botulism in Canada have occurred among the aboriginal populations inhabiting the Pacific and Arctic coastal regions. These outbreaks are linked directly to traditional foodstuffs, usually produced in small, isolated communities. This paper examines how and why these intoxications occur, and the foods involved. Of particular interest are recent tests undertaken with the assistance of Health Canada in determining the potential risk of botuligenic intoxication caused by eulachon grease, a fish oil which was, and is still, a highly valued and traded item between the coastal and interior First Nations of B.C.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10833, title = {Nisga{\textquoteright}a Social Organization as Reflected at the Kincolith Cemetery}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {This paper presents some of the results of a recording and conservation project at a little known, historic cemetery located at the mouth of the Nass River, 100 km north of Prince Rupert, B.C. The cemetery was established in conjunction with the founding of Kincolith Mission in 1867 by the London-based Church Missionary Society. With the introduction of Christianity and the rituals of Christian burial, traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a interment practices were deemed unacceptable. The ideals of Victorian England and the deeply held Judeo/Christian concept of a bond between the body and soul, even after death, necessitated a sanctioned resting place for those who had {\textquoteright}died in the faith{\textquoteright}. Accordingly, the Kincolith Cemetery was established as {\textquoteright}God{\textquoteright}s half-acre{\textquoteright} for the community, and it has functioned as such up to the present day. The first portion of the paper examines both the spatial and temporal distributions of grave markers at the cemetery. In traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society, descent and kin recognition are centered around matrilineal clans organized into larger phratries. At Kincolith, the resident missionaries began converting, baptizing, and re-naming individuals according to the protocol of the Church Missionary Society. A Victorian, patrilineal system of descent and kin reckoning was imposed on the residents of the community. Assuming that individuals are buried beside those whom they consider to be their kin, the distribution of grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery provides an opportunity to gauge the effect of this reorganization on traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society. The second part of the paper explores the use of grave markers as surrogate mortuary poles which display customary rights to rank and privilege. Many of the grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery embody traditional, high ranking, clan crest names in their construction, thus demonstrating and validating rights of possession and inheritance.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10837, title = {Culture Contact and Syncretic Behaviour on the Lower Nass River, B.C.}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {This paper presents some of the results of a recording and conservation project under taken by Okanagan University College at a little known, historic cemetery located at the mouth of the Nass River, 100 km north of Prince Rupert, B.C. The cemetery was established in conjunction with the founding of Kincolith Mission in 1867 by the London-based Church Missionary Society. With the introduction of Christianity and the rituals of Christian burial, traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a interment practices were deemed unacceptable. The ideals of Victorian England and the deeply held Judeo/Christian concept of a bond between the body and soul, even after death, necessitated a sanctioned resting place for those who had {\textquoteright}died in the faith{\textquoteright}. Accordingly, the Kincolith Cemetery was established as {\textquoteright}God{\textquoteright}s half-acre{\textquoteright} for the community, and it has functioned as such up to the present day. In traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society, descent and kin recognition are centered around matrilineal clans organized into larger phratries. At Kincolith, the resident missionaries began converting, baptizing, and re-naming individuals according to the protocol of the Church Missionary Society. A Victorian, patrilineal system of descent and kin reckoning was imposed on the residents of the community. Assuming that individuals are buried beside those whom they consider to be their kin, the distribution of grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery provides an opportunity to gauge the effect of this reorganization on traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society. In addition, grave markers are used as surrogate mortuary poles which display customary rights to rank and privilege. Many of the grave markers at the Kincolith Cemetery embody traditional, high ranking, clan crest names in their construction, thus demonstrating and validating rights of possession and inheritance.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10832, title = {{\'E}volution des complexes fun{\'e}raires des Premi{\'e}res Nations Nisga{\textquoteright}a et Haisla, c{\^o}te Nord-Ouest du Pacifique}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10836, title = {The 1996 Kincolith Cemetery Project / Projet du cimeti{\'e}re Kincolith, 1996}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper presents the preliminary results of a recording and conservation project at a little known, native, historic cemetery located at the mouth of the Nass River, along the B.C./Alaska boundary. In conjunction with the Gingolx Band Council (Nisga{\textquoteright}a First Nation) the project was undertaken with the goal of simply defining the actual size of the graveyard, both spatially and in terms of the number of interments. It soon became apparent that the cemetery contained a wealth of information pertaining to a variety of cultural groups. The paper will discuss; 1) the discovery of the remains of the second Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company fort on the west coast of B.C., Fort Nass (1831- 1834), at the cemetery, 2) the discovery of high ranking Nisga{\textquoteright}a chiefs intered at the cemetery, 3) the recovery of headstones which are valuable and vibrant examples of Nisga{\textquoteright}a art (i.e., clan crest figures carved in marble), and 4) a small Japanese section of the cemetery where a Japanese war memorial dated to June 1918 is located.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10835, title = {Anthropological Archaeology at the Gingolx Cemetery}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper explores some of the results of the Gingolx Heritage Restoration Project, a multi-year research/conservation project on the lower Nass River, near the Nisga{\textquoteright}a village of Kincolith (Gingolx). Kincolith was established in 1867 by Christian missionaries to whom traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a burial practices were seen as pagan. In addition, the missionaries began converting, baptizing, and re-naming the local converts according to the protocol of the British Church Missionary Society. In essence, a Victorian patrilineal system of record keeping and kin reckoning was imposed on the residents of the community, one which continues to this day. However, in traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a society, descent, inheritance, kin recognition, and rights of possession are centered around matrilineal clans organized into larger phratries. The stylistic, temporal and spatial distributions of the Gingolx Cemetery grave markers provide an interesting window into the organization of traditional Nisga{\textquoteright}a culture and how that may have changed over time.}, author = {GARVIN, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10839, title = {FLAGSTONES, COBBLESTONES AND ROOF SLATES: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY STONE CONSTRUCTION AT FERRYLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In the small fishing community of Ferryland, excavations along a section of the sheltered inner harbour known as {\textquoteright}The Pool{\textquoteright} have unearthed the remains of numerous seventeenth-century stone structures and features, including a large complex of stone walls, flagstone and cobblestone floors and thousands of roof slates. These well-preserved structural remains provide a unique opportunity to study seventeenth-century colonial architecture. Initial construction of these buildings occurred shortly after George Calvert, later the first Lord Baltimore, established the colony in 1621. Artifactual evidence, structural additions and the construction of new buildings indicate a continuous occupation of this site throughout the seventeenth century. This paper focuses on describing the stone structures and their associated features, and dating the complex stratigraphic layers to establish a sequence of construction, occupation and destruction.}, author = {GAULTON, Barry} } @article {12539, title = {The Upper Island Cove Petroglyphs: An Algonquian Enigma}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {123-161}, abstract = {

Small lichen-obscured petroglyphs carved onto a rock face on the outskirts of the community of Upper Island Cove (UIC), Newfoundland have been known to residents for at least 75 years. The glyphs are comprised of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures as well as Roman-type script. Photogrammetry and Highlight-Reflectance Transformation Imaging were employed to document and analyse the inscriptions as well as to interpret the sequence of carving. Stylistic comparisons with similar petroglyphs in northeastern North America appear to situate the Upper Island Cove example within the cultural traditions of Algonquian- speaking peoples. The UIC carvings are thought to date to the historic period, yet when and by whom these petroglyphs were carved remains uncertain. Their age, however, is of secondary importance to their cultural attribution, as they are the first Indigenous petroglyphs recorded on the island of Newfoundland.

}, author = {Barry C. Gaulton and Bryn Tapper and Duncan Williams and Donna Teasdale} } @Conference Paper {10840, title = {The Kwaday Dan Sinchi Discovery: Cultural Dimensions and Research}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {As the government ultimately responsible for the Kwaday Dan Sinchi find, Champagne and Aishihik First Nations{\textquoteright} (CAFN) work efforts related to the discovery have been driven by various goals. One has been finding out who this long ago person was. We introduce the variety of research approaches that are being pursued in an effort to link him culturally, and the initial results from these efforts. This includes studies on his belongings and other artifacts from the glacier area, and ethnohistory and oral history research. Community education and consultations are an equally important consideration for CAFN, in attempting to find modern meanings for the long ago person found.}, author = {Sarah Gaunt and Sheila Greer} } @article {13188, title = {Change and Continuity in Early Nineteenth-Century Foodways in Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s Lower Town}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {100-130}, abstract = {

Plant and insect remains found in a privy structure were analyzed to gain insight into foodways of Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s Lower Town inhabitants in the early nineteenth century. We use dietary practices as a window to examine how the population of the St. Roch neighbourhood responded to changes taking place in the decades that followed the instauration of the British regime and how these changes may have influenced different aspects of their food consumption practices. Through comparisons with assemblages from two French-regime sites as well as from three later nineteenth-century sites, we find that a certain continuity characterizes the plant consumption of Qu{\'e}bec City{\textquoteright}s French-Canadian population. We address some of the challenges of this research, as it is difficult to distinguish between consumption as a choice related to identity versus more practical considerations such as availability and access.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.100}, author = {Sol{\`e}ne Mallet Gauthier and Allison Bain and Heather Trigg} } @Conference Paper {10841, title = {Les passages vo{\^u}t{\'e}s de l{\textquoteright}escarpe et la construction de l{\textquoteright}enceinte ouest de Qu{\'e}bec au milieu du 18e si{\'e}cle}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {La mise au jour d{\textquoteright}un passage mur{\'e} dans l{\textquoteright}escarpe du bastion Saint-Jean, constitue une d{\'e}couverte importante en regard de notre connaissance de certains aspects li{\'e}s {\`a} la construction des ouvrages d{\'e}fensifs de la Ville. Les nouvelles donn{\'e}es recueillies, en association avec celles provenant des interventions ant{\'e}rieures et la documentation d{\textquoteright}{\'e}poque, d{\'e}montrent que ces passages temporaires faisaient partie int{\'e}grante du projet {\'e}labor{\'e} par l{\textquoteright}ing{\'e}nieur fran{\c c}ais de I,{\'e}ry. Leurs pr{\'e}sences permettaient en effet d{\textquoteright}obtenir un acc{\'e}s plus direct au chantier avec tous les avantages qui s{\textquoteright}y rattachent.}, author = {Gauvin, Robert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9164, title = {Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. The Story of Blue Babe}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {256-257}, editor = {V. Geist} } @Conference Paper {10842, title = {Traditional Use Study Program of British Columbia, Canada}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The Canadian Constitution and Court of Appeal rulings have mandated that Provincial Governments are legally required to prevent the unjustifiable infringement of aboriginal rights. The Provincial TUS Program recognizes the value of identifying and evaluating Traditional Use Sites for the purpose of resource management planning. Although the TUS does not specify aboriginal rights, it serves as a framework for determining what traditional uses of the land fit within the legally established framework. This paper will look at how the program has evolved in the current political and legal context and how it fits into overall resource management planning.}, author = {GELEAN, Shannon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9148, title = {Introduction to Rock Art Research}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {261-263}, editor = {Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10843, title = {Boulder Field Archaeology in Nunavik: Methodological and Interpretative Issues / L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie des champs de blocs au Nunavik: Probl{\"e}}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Over the last 15 years, the Avataq Cultural Institute has identified and excavated a growing number of archaeological sites located in boulder fields, and most of these sites are Early Palaeoeskimo in origin. Traditional excavation methods and techniques had to be adapted to this particular setting. This paper will discuss briefly these methodological issues, as well as their impact on the interpretation of the archaeological remains.}, author = {Daniel Gendron} } @Conference Paper {10847, title = {PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN NUNAVIK}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {No abstract submitted}, author = {Daniel Gendron and Tommy WEETALUKTUK} } @Conference Paper {10846, title = {Fouilles r{\'e}centes au site de Tayara (KbFk-7)}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Daniel Gendron and Pierre M. Desrosiers and Noura Rahmani} } @Conference Paper {10845, title = {Once Were... Shamen? Kiinatuqarvik: A Multidisciplinary Project of Unique Dorset Petroglyphs}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {In 1996 a multidisciplinary project named Kiinatuqarvik (an Inuit word meaning {\textquoteright}faces appearing on the rock{\textquoteright}) was initiated by the Avataq Cultural Institute following a request from the Kangirsujuaq Community. The Avataq archaeologists were joined in their endeavor by researchers from Laval University and elsewhere. Right from the onset, this long-term project became a multidisciplinary research programme aimed at documenting, studying and protecting the various rock-engraved locations, as well as to construe their place, functions and meanings in the development of local and regional history, especially from the Dorset period onward. Also, one of the main objectives has been to assess the state of preservation of these unique Eastern Arctic sites in the perspective of developing a procedure for the conservation and the responsible management of those non-renewable cultural resources. For the first 3 years, the fieldwork mainly focused on one of those petroglyph sites: Qajartalik (JhEv-1). Although this site had been partly analysed during the 1960s, the visual content (petroglyphs per se) had not been fully recorded, and, overall, the archaeological potential still remained to be carefully exploited. Since this rock engraving site is also an important component of a soapstone quarry, studying the site{\textquoteright}s activity areas and their surroundings might yield significant clues about its past exploitation, both for economical and ideological purposes, especially during the Dorset period. This paper will present some of the results we obtained so far. In particular, the authors intend to address some questions related to the relationships between the site{\textquoteright}s physical and symbolic components with regard to the Dorset occupation in this region, and to its presumed shamanic nature when compared with the Dorset religious domain as a whole.}, author = {Daniel Gendron and Daniel Arsenault and Louis Gagnon and Claude Pinard} } @Conference Paper {10844, title = {The Nunavik Petroglyph Project: A Summary of the First Two Field Seasons /Le projet des p{\'e}troglyphes du Nunavik: un r{\'e}sum{\'e} des de}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, author = {GENDRON, Danielle} } @Conference Paper {10848, title = {Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) and Archaeological Perspectives on Site Preservation in Southern Ontario}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Land development in southern Ontario causes the excavation of over 100 Indigenous sites per year. It is rare that sites are preserved when threatened by development, despite the "conservation ethic" that demands that archaeologists place site preservation before excavation. Site significance criteria guide archaeologists in making decisions on which sites will be "saved" through excavation. Indigenous peoples in Ontario have different site significance criteria and perspectives on site preservation. The Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) believe that archaeological excavation of ancestral sites should be a last resort, especially for any sites with the possibility for burials. If it is not possible to protect and preserve ancestral sites, the Haudenosaunee would like to be consulted because their site significance criteria give precedence to sites that are not always the largest, oldest, or densest. Consultation with the Haudenosaunee and other Indigenous communities in southern Ontario needs to become part of standard archaeological practice.}, author = {General, Paul and Gary Warrick} } @Conference Paper {10850, title = {Native North Americans and Archaeology: Struggling for Middle Ground}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The relationship between archaeologists and First Nations groups in Canada is an increasing concern and an important issue is whether this relationship can be called a "partnership" in which both benefit. This is a topic discussed in detail by both archaeologists and First Nations, but not from the perspective that I wish to address it. Being a Native North American archaeologist gives me a unique perspective. In the past two years I have worked with several First Nations groups in various archaeological contexts and would like to share aspects of these projects, including what I learned from these experiences. Furthermore, I have an interest in what archaeological encounters other First Nations people have had, and will include a preliminary look at these experiences.}, author = {George, Brandy E.} } @Conference Paper {10849, title = {Manufacturing and Seasoning: Possibilities for Research Relating To Ontario Precontact Pottery Function}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The functionality of Ontario precontact pottery is an area in which experimentation, research and published material is lacking. Most often, aspects related to decoration, time period and cultural affiliation are sought after while potential pottery usage is generally ignored. In the manufacturing and seasoning of a series of ceramic vessels, a multi-faceted approach is used in which experimental methods are employed, archaeological and ethnographic examples are consulted, and all are combined to make assumptions in relation to possible pottery function for the Ontario archaeological record. Ultimately the aim of this paper is to look at precontact ceramics as functional tools in an effort to open up more avenues for research, and to encourage the use of experimental archaeology to test theories of artifact function in general.}, author = {George, Brandy E.} } @Conference Paper {10852, title = {Site Structure and the Organization of a Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Archaeological Site near Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska}, year = {1999}, address = {Whitehorse, Yukon}, abstract = {Recent archaeological investigations in Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, resulted in the excavation of nearly 200 m2 and 21 features at a late prehistoric/early historic camp, butchering and processing site (XCL-359). More than 38 features were identified, including tent rings, hearths, cache pits, windbreaks, hunting blinds and caribou and mountain sheep processing areas. Repeated occupations over the past 1600 years by late phases of the Arctic Small Tool tradition and other late prehistoric components produced thousands of identifiable faunal elements, thousands of lithic artifacts, and a small amount of late 19th and 20th century Nunamiut material. We examine the spatial organization of all categories of recovered artifactual and faunal material, statistically position these data in relation to the spatial distribution of features, discuss site seasonality, and evaluate a new model of site structure in relation to previous behavioral and archaeological models of site structure and organization for the Nunamiut at Anaktuvuk Pass.}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Pete BOWERS and Robin MILLS} } @Conference Paper {10851, title = {De l{\textquoteright}utilisation des t{\'e}moins historiques en gestion de la faune et en biologie de conservation en Alaska et au Canada}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Craig GERLACH} } @Conference Paper {10854, title = {{\'e}valuation des niveaux de mercure chez le caribou de l{\textquoteright}Alaska de l{\textquoteright}Antiquit{\'e} et des temps modernes : cons{\'e}quences pour}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Lawrence K. Duffy and Maribeth S. Murray} } @Conference Paper {10853, title = {Counting Coup or Counting Calories - The Role of Whaling in Thule Origins and the Eastern Expansion}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In this paper we re-evaluate the archaeological evidence for whaling in Western Thule culture. We consider the extent to which whaling shaped Thule culture and what role, if any, whaling played in the Thule expansion into Canada. Implications for the nature of Dorset/Thule contact are also drawn out.}, author = {Craig GERLACH and Maribeth S. Murray} } @Conference Paper {10856, title = {Full-Serve to Self-Serve: Saskatchewan{\textquoteright}s Archaeological Inventory Remote Access System}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Provincial and territorial archaeological site inventories are increasingly used in regional land use and development planning, tourism and recreational planning, archaeological research and resource management, and elsewhere. In Saskatchewan, two developments in particular have helped increase the provincial inventory{\textquoteright}s utility and value: more exacting and consistent site recording standards which improved data quality and reliability, and database automation which made information retrieval significantly faster and easier. However, handling the increasing demand for inventory-related client services (with fewer and fewer operational resources) required shifting emphasis away from a full service approach, to enabling inventory users to serve thernselves. Saskatchewan{\textquoteright}s archaeological remote access system enables authorized individuals to directly access basic inventory data from virtually any micro-computer station. This paper briefly describes the technical specifications and current scope of this preliminary, largely experimental system. Prospects for enhancing the system to enable more sophisticated database analyses are also discussed.}, author = {Germann, C.} } @Conference Paper {10855, title = {Working Together: Reburial and Repatriation in Saskatchewan}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Saskatchewan archaeology is forging a new and maturing relationship with First Nations {\textendash} one that increasingly sees resource management as a cooperative venture. In the spirit of mutual respect, consultation, and cooperation, and as a demonstration of these important principles, Saskatchewan is now aggressively engaged in archaeological reburial and repatriation. In this paper, several recent projects including the reburial of all extant burial collections (including the Moose Bay Mound and Grey Ossuary), and the repatriation of several sacred boulder monuments (such as the Mankota Salamander and the Hardy Turtle Effigy) to their original locations, are discussed. The unique problems encountered during these projects, how these problems were resolved, and what lessons can be learned from the experience are considered. The perspectives and insights of the Elders and spiritual leaders who participated in these projects will also be shared. Finally the prospects for continued First Nations consultation, archaeological heritage co-management, and reburial in Saskatchewan, including a joint First Nations-Provincial government proposal to acquire and establish a common burial ground for all future archaeological burial discoveries, are discussed.}, author = {Carlos Germann and Lorne CARRIER} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9046, title = {Archaeology in Alberta 1983}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {225-226}, editor = {Carlos Germann} } @Conference Paper {10857, title = {Towards Archaeological Resource Co-Regulation and Management}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {First Nations are expressing increasing interest in the management of aboriginal heritage. Although involvement to date in Western Canada has been mainly concerned with the disposition of sacred sites and objects, trends in the U.S., Australia, and elsewhere suggest that greater involvement in the co-regulation and management of aboriginal archaeological resources on the non-Indian lands can be expected here. What is co-management, and what can provincial regulatory agencies and the archaeological community generally expect in this new bilateral partnership? In this paper archaeological resource co-management is examined by considering basic objectives and operating principles, possible co-management opportunities primarily as they relate to resource regulation (e.g. land development review, investigation permitting and compliance, impact management, etc.), and some of the main problems or issues that may hinder co-management. Finally, prospects and recommendations for making archaeological resource co-regulation and co-management work are presented.}, author = {Carlos Germann} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11404, title = {Yutopian: Archaeology, Ambiguity and the Production of Knowledge in Northwest Argentina}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {117-120}, editor = {Benjamin Alberti} } @Conference Paper {10858, title = {Museums, Cyberspace and the Construction of Archaeological Context}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Context n.Parts that precede or follow a passage and fix its meaning (out of-, without these and hence misleading); ambient conditions; in this- (connection); hence contextual. a. [ME, f.L contextus f. con (texture text- weave] -The Concise Oxford Dictionary, New Edition (1976) From our earliest introduction to archaeology, we are often told that we destroy the context of artifacts during the course of excavating them. While this is often used as an intimidation tactic at field schools to make the student excavators take better notes, it could give us pause for reflection about what do we mean when we refer to {\textquoteright}the context of archaeological objects{\textquoteright}. We are all familiar with archaeological context in terms of stratigraphy and culture-history. For this reason, I will begin by taking one step away from the field and look at other archaeological contexts in museums outside these areas. In continuing to explore this process, and to try to come to an understanding of the essence of {\textquoteright}context in archaeology, I will take an even larger step away from the rarefied atmosphere of museums to examine archaeology inside the world of the computer, or archaeology in Cyberspace.}, author = {Gerrard, Richard} } @Conference Paper {10866, title = {Historical Resources and Economic Development: The Road Ahead for Bodo}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The Bodo archaeological site complex, located in east-central Alberta, has received on-going archaeological attention since 1995. Located in a minor sand dune outlier east of the Neutral Hills, the archaeological remains appear to represent a heavily occupied late precontact habitation locality extending for at least 4 km along the south side of Eyehill Creek. Despite four years of relatively intensive investigation, much of the site character remains poorly understood, and its full extent has not yet been determined. Nevertheless, what has been found at the site is startling, for the sheer density of material recoveries and their remarkable preservation, as well as their seemingly limitless extent.Several local rural communities have now taken an active interest in the site locality, and consider it a valuable source for future economic development in a region where drought and BSE have severely disrupted the traditional ways of making a living. Local residents have long accepted the role of academic research as a social benefit, but they are now providing significant financial support to continue that research, in expectations that a viable tourism industry will arise. However, many tasks remain before significant economic development can ensue, including resolution of land ownership, protection and preservation of the historical remains even as their economic exploitation is considered, and consultation with First Nations regarding their role in scientific interpretation and economic development of the resources. In particular, this paper addresses various scenarios for research and economic development of the Bodo historical remains in the near future and considers what long range historical studies can provide for economic rejuvenation for the local and regional economy.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson and Elizabeth May} } @Conference Paper {10861, title = {D{\'e}veloppement et mise en \œuvre de la gestion du patrimoine : outils {\`a} usage industriel en Alberta}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson and Darryl Bereziuk and Beames, Katherine} } @Conference Paper {10870, title = {A Proposal for the Integration of Canada{\textquoteright}s Archaeological Database}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Archaeologists have been storing all kinds of information into every conceivable computer data base for over 30 years. Not surprisingly, most of this information, painstakingly mannered in by keypunching or hand digitizing over the decades, is simply so much dead-storage now, destined for the great blue box of history. It is not to say that this information is unusable - it is just that the data are stored in some unique, often intricate way which the designer has long since abandoned and probably forgotten. This loss of past work is regrettable, but at least the original research information is still available in the form of field and lab notes and artifacts. Today, things are different. It is the rare archaeologist indeed who does not use a personal computer for a significant portion of their research. Archaeologists regularly catalogue their artifacts using their own custom computer databases, producing only a minimal paper record of their artifact descriptions. Important primary information can be found only on custom computer files. This information, possibly more important than the raw artifacts and catalogues which by law must be archived, consists of electronic field notes, computer-drawn maps and diagrams, digitized images and even sounds. These data are rarely considered for archiving. How can this information be saved from oblivion? Since it is all digital in form, one should be able to access the information via a computer link. The problem is, a standard is required which should establish how electronic archaeological information should be organized so that anybody using any kind of computer can access at least part of every record. This paper examines the kinds of digitally stored data that must be considered, describes a sample data structure that can accommodate the data types, and suggests national organizations which might be able to establish and maintain such an electronic standard.}, author = {Gibson, Terrence H.} } @Conference Paper {10865, title = {Taking CRM into the Far Future: Integrating Historical Resource Concerns into LP Canada{\textquoteright}s Long Range Planning System in West Central Manitoba}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {In most Canadian provinces the forest industry has begun to address historical resources concerns within their regular planning and operational guidelines. However, methods of achieving compliance to general historical resource protection regulations vary between jurisdictions and between forestry companies. In a previous paper, Gibson et. al. described a set of heritage management protocols called CRIMP (Cultural Resources Impact Management Planning) that consisted of custom GIS historical databases, heritage potential models, industrial impact models and calculating tools that assisted forestry-related and other industrial managers to plan proposed land developments. The tools were instrumental in minimizing potential impact to historical resources sites and were found to reduce associated field survey costs related to regulatory compliance requirements substantially.The CRIMP Management Tools were originally developed as part of a stand-alone historical management process, to be used as part of both short and long-term corporate land planning operations. Current research is focused on integrating this process and its associated tools within a more comprehensive forecasting methodology that incorporates environmental and social data and land development planning into an expert system that can help predict the effects of forestry and other kinds of developments on a landscape for hundreds of years into the future. The system can be used to plan developments on a {\textquoteright}what it{\textquoteright} basis, dynamically changing planning scenarios as input variables such as heritage potential or site location are modified over time.This paper will review the different heritage potential models, thematic historical data and projected industrial impact information produced to implement such a system for the Duck Mountain region in West Central Manitoba, Alternative land management planning scenarios for the present and ensuing decades will then be explored to highlight the potential of the system for long term heritage management.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10860, title = {HYPERGIS: GIS PLAIN AND SIMPLE}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Although Geographic Information Systems are becoming more commonly used for archaeological studies, many archaeologists, ethnographers and ethnohistorians are reluctant to make use of GIS techniques, because the systems are so difficult to design and operate. However, most heritage-related studies do not require the vast array of analytical tools offered by GIS systems that make them so incomprehensible to untrained researchers. What most people want is a simple way of tying database information to geographic location. This paper demonstrates several ways how this can be done simply, cheaply and effectively using HyperCard.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10869, title = {Of GISs and PDAs: Strategies for Automated Archaeological Mapping and Field Data Collection}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Usually, unpredictable field situations make archaeological survey data very difficult to collect without resorting to the centuries-old technique of writing notes in a diary or notebook and annotating maps at various scales. Even with the advent of powerful laptop computers, field recording still relies heavily on paper and maps, because laptops just aren{\textquoteright}t made for truly mobile data recording. For several years, archaeologists have been experimenting with the use of PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants -pen-based hand held computers) as a means of overcoming the limitations of laptop data collection. Practical experience suggests that if PDA software is carefully designed for specific archaeological applications, such instruments can function as highly efficient survey data loggers, making rapid incorporation of field data into GISs quite feasible. The trick is to decide what PDA to use, what software to use with it, how to maintain recording accuracy and ultimately how to integrate the collected data seamlessly with a GIS. Early adopters of this technology/methodology mix must ride the wave of market-driven innovation, which is never stable and rarely predictable. This paper describes one such experience, that illustrates the perils of research and development in this area, and also the advantages that can be gained in using PDA data-loggers with GIS for archaeological data collection.}, author = {GIBSON, Terrance} } @Symposium Papers {10974, title = {Remnant Oxbow on the Northern Plains}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {131-136}, abstract = {Chronological data from Oxbow sites within and around the fringes of the northern plains is reviewed, and used to suggest a movement of Oxbow from the plains environment into the parkland and boreal forest fringes. At the same time, other Oxbow groups continued to occupy the plains area.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10864, title = {Academy in the Rural Community: The Bodo Research Park}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The University of Alberta has been conducting successful archaeological field schools at the prolific Bodo Sites Locality in east central Alberta since 2002. Public interest in the work has continued to escalate, so much so that various levels of government, and politicians, have taken notice. The Bodo Archaeological Society has supported the university work since the society{\textquoteright}s inception in 2003, and has now embarked on an ambitious tourism initiative with a non-archaeological avocational society partner that foresees the Bodo Locality as being a key component of a new regional industry in eastern Alberta. Unfortunately, the University has only been able to conduct field schools at Bodo up to now with the assistance of public and corporate funding, primarily to look after the overwhelming archaeological data recovered from the site every summer.However, the University is committed to developing a growing academic presence in rural Alberta, and public and political pressure is compelling the institution to continue and expand its archaeology program at Bodo. Consequently, the University has requested that some solution be found whereby the institution can maintain its research and teaching in the locality while accommodating expanding public interest and the potential economic development opportunities that will arise. The Bodo Research Park emphasizes university-based research and education in partnership with the community driven goals of the Bodo Archaeological Society. The proposed project is founded upon the idea that archaeological research is interesting to the public whether through passive observation or active participation. The partnership revolves around the University of Alberta providing the research and educational resources and the Bodo Archaeological Society managing and maintaining a public program. This pioneering partnership arrangement is now under review and it is anticipated that the program could begin as early as June 2005.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson and Elizabeth H. Mann} } @Conference Paper {10859, title = {Ceramic Variation and Population Dynamics: Interpretive Implications from a Single Selkirk Occupation}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Theoretical studies of Selkirk ceramic variability have always emphasized a regional perspective when attempting to characterize prehistoric human interaction. However, though rarely considered by archaeologists, significant ceramic variability occurred within Selkirk occupations as well as between them. In fact, intra-site variability in style, manufacture and use of ceramics can reflect a wide variety of human interactions that are usually not detectable at the regional, inter-site level of interpretation. Some of these intra-site ceramic behaviours have profound implications for our understanding of regional Selkirk variability as reflected in the ceramic record. This paper will discuss some types of intra-site ceramic behaviour which are of potential import to regional interpretation of the Selkirk Composite, drawing upon specific data collected from Bushfield West, a large single component Selkirk camp-site located in central-eastern Saskatchewan.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10868, title = {Heritage Management in the Forest Industry: Addressing National Canadian Standards}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {The major forestry companies in Saskatchewan have dealt with heritage concerns in their licensed forestry areas since 1992. A pilot program which explored in detail such issues as heritage potential modelling, detailed impact analysis and integrated management planning, evolved into a diverse suite of heritage management methods tailored to the needs and circumstances of each company. However, the latest work suggests that this diversification in heritage management approaches can be eliminated by considering principles set forth by the Canadian and International Standards Associations using CSA-Z808 and 809 Sustainable Forest Management System and ISO 14001 Environmental Management System specifications. The new management approach stresses the development of a process for addressing heritage concerns that can be adopted relatively easily by any forestry company, and is based upon a high degree of self-compliancy. Its advantages are that it is understandable by both heritage managers and forest industry personnel, it is highly oriented towards assistance in planning for avoidance of heritage impacts and perhaps most importantly demonstrates a high regard for heritage resources that can be used as a bulwark against national and international criticism of forestry practices. Since the management model stresses archaeological management over archaeological field studies, it can be extremely cost-effective, especially for firms which must address diverse forestry operations over large tracts of land. The management approach uses heritage potential modelling, heritage impact modeling and standard cultural resource management principles in its implementation. Practical examples of its application for road construction, cutblock harvesting and silviculture are illustrated.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson and James T. FINNIGAN} } @Conference Paper {10863, title = {Development of a Heritage Management System for the Millar Western Forest Products FMA}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In 1997 and 1998 Western Heritage Services Inc, working in conjunction with staffs of Millar Western Forest Products, the Alberta Provincial Government and several other forest products firms, produced a prototype heritage management process to protect heritage resources within the province for the foreseeable future. Millar Western Forest Products subsequently pursued development of the prototype, and implemented a final version of the heritage management process in May 2000, the first forestry company in Alberta to begin the process of achieving compliance to the Alberta Historical Resources Act. The heritage management process, developed specifically for use in Alberta, consists of a number of interrelated study components, each of which provides specific data for managing concerns in the Millar Western FMA. The key approaches in protecting resources while maintaining a viable forest harvest involve predicting where heritage resources are located, determining what forestry practices will harm them and devising a solution to prevent or minimize the chances of damaging those resources. The process follows a step-wise set of procedures that are integrated into the existing Millar Western forest management process. Once the heritage potential of a given area is known (using information from a heritage potential model) and various levels of forestry practice impacts have been determined, a heritage management prescription is produced for every forestry operation. Since heritage values are considered automatically at every stage of the planning process, there is a greatly reduced chance that heritage resources will be encountered unexpectedly, causing forestry operation delays or disruptions. Since heritage values are integrated into the forestry planning process, costs for heritage compliance are reduced and heritage values are fully protected. The double poster set illustrates how heritage potential is determined, how impacts are classified and how heritage prescriptions are assigned and used by forestry planners to avoid disturbing cultural resources in a variety of forestry and other industrial development situations.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10872, title = {Archaeological Sites and Forestry Impacts : Developing a Process for Long Term Heritage Management in the Forest Industry / Sites arch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In CRM, a distinction is usually made between activities which can cause damage to heritage resources, and the actual damage that is caused. With regard to forestry, this distinction is more often than not lost to most archaeologists. The assumption is made that the forest industry in general will inevitably inflict significant damage to any heritage resources in the forest. However, five years of intensive examination of a wide variety of forestry activities indicates that this is an erroneous assumption. For example, the most visible effect of forestry is the cutting down of trees. Yet, analysis has shown that most ground impact from tree cutting is similar to that experienced by a natural forest fire. This begs the question: if tree cutting doesn{\textquoteright}t cause that much damage, what kinds of activities DO cause impacts, and how can they be effectively managed? In fact, under almost all situations, forestry impacts can be predicted and managed if three requirements can be satisfied: 1) the nature, significance and distribution of local archaeological resources are known 2) industrial forestry practices are identified 3) the relationships between forestry practices and archaeological resources are understood The first requirement is usually dealt with through regional archaeological overviews, often involving predictive modelling. Often as not, however, heritage management stops at that point, and forest industry planners are left dangling, wondering what to do with a heritage overview or potential model. This paper moves past the modelling stage, by addressing the second requirement from the perspective of the commercial forest industry in general, establishing parameters so that the last point can be explored. The result is a management strategy that fits into the integrated resource management operations of current forestry management programs, and can be sustained for centuries of forest practices.}, author = {Terry Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10867, title = {Magnetometer surveying: revitalizing an old archaeological technique}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Since the first application of the proton magnetometer to archaeological site prospection, archaeologists have repeatedly attempted to improve their ability to locate subsurface archaeological features on prehistoric and historic sites using magnetic survey techniques. More often than not, such attempts have resulted in questionable benefits or outright failure. Inevitably, the most successful surveys have occurred in conjunction with large archaeological programs blessed with ample budgets and long range research strategies, permitting sufficient time to perform pre-excavation magnetic surveys and enabling sophisticated computer analysis and mapping programs to be applied to raw magnetic data obtained. Though magnetic surveying has in such cases proved to be a profitable exercise, ironically, it is the director of a research project with a limited budget or an archaeological contractor with limited site salvage time who could most benefit from magnetic survey techniques. Recent advances in magnetic survey methodology and data analysis have greatly improved the potential of the proton magnetometer to reliably define subsurface archaeological features in sites formerly considered impossible to assess using remote sensing techniques. In addition, newly developed micro-computer hardware has usurped the traditional role of the often inaccessible institutional and commercial mainframe computer in carrying out complex statistical manipulations and plotting of raw field data. This development has enhanced the effectiveness of magnetic site assessment by increasing interpretation accuracy while decreasing survey time and cost. These technological and methodological advancements can now enable even small research and salvage projects to take advantage of timesaving remote sensing techniques with full expectation of valuable pre-excavation data being retrieved. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of archaeological magnetometric assessment, and presents suggestions on how magnetometer surveys can be applied to various archaeological sites with maximum potential of yielding useful results.}, author = {Gibson, T.} } @Conference Paper {10862, title = {Working in the Real World: Ethical Standards and Professional Protocols in Canadian Archaeology}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The number of professional archaeologists in Canada has continued to grow at a rapid rate. As new professional archaeologists enter the work force, they are confronted with a work environment that is much more complex than their past experiences, and especially their past training, has ever prepared them for. Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of being a new archaeologist is learning how to deal with professionals from other disciplines, especially in the consulting world. Other new professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, engineers and foresters, have the benefit of entering into their work environment with an established professional code of ethics and procedures, and can become members of an organization that maintains, promotes and defends these ethics. They can always draw upon their professional corp for ethical guidance, educational upgrading and even dispute settlement. There has been some effort to create professional archaeological organizations in this country, but many have as their foundation exclusionist principles, or are focused on a regional basis. Those that espouse the broader professional view have not caught on, even though the benefits they can provide are obvious. In summary, archaeologists in Canada have no established archaeological creed, nor are they even taught in university that having professional ethical standards just might be a good thing. This paper examines the professional standards and protocols developed by other disciplines, reviews past efforts in promoting Canadian professionalism and proposes some new ideas about how Canadian archaeologists can cooperate to build their own professional society.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10871, title = {From Map to Screen : Practical Applications of a Map-Based Heritage Inventory System}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Three years of research and development have been spent on perfecting a simple geographic information systern which can be used by a variety of disciplines to record map-based heritage data. In the past year the system, based on HyperCard running on a Macintosh computer, has become the primary information management tool for several large heritage inventory programs. The comprehensive scope and large areal extent of these projects severely tested the basic assumptions used in the original design of the mapping system. Unanticipated problems with map scale, mapsheetedge matching, data storage, mappingspeed and ease of use necessitated extensive redesign. Changes in the kinds of information collected also required major redesign of the data base manager. The problems and solutions are discussed with reference to actual examples taken frorn the projects. Ultimately, it was the special requirements of heritage information and not, as is so often the case, the available software, which dictated the final GIS system design.}, author = {Terrance H. Gibson} } @Conference Paper {10875, title = {Distinguishing Carboniferous- from Mesozoic-Associated Chert Toolstones in the Canadian Maritimes}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Until about two decades ago, brightly coloured, variegated chert toolstones observed in the Maritimes prehistoric archaeological record were generally assumed to have been acquired by Native people from sources associated with the Jurassic-Triassic (Mesozoic) Scots Bay Formation sediments and North Mountain Formation basalts, exposed on the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy. More recently, it has become clear that prehistoric Native people acquired some brightly coloured, variegated chert toolstones from sources associated with the Early Carboniferous Mabou Group sediments, exposed around the edges of the New Brunswick Lowlands. Raw materials and finished artifacts of both of these chert types circulated in prehistoric lithic procurement and exchange systems during the Late Maritime Woodland period (ca. 1500 to ca. 500 B.P.). Frequently, artifacts made from both chert types are found in the same archaeological assemblages. Here, we present five criteria-patterns of (1) translucency and (2) variegation, presence of (3) carnelian and (4) strain fractures, and (5) type and scale of infilling silica fabric -for probabilistically distinguishing Carboniferous-associated from Mesozoic-associated chert toolstones using low-cost, low-technology, hand-specimen and microscopic examinations}, author = {Gilbert, Drew and Michael J. Gallant and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10874, title = {The Archaeological Exploration of Deer Island, N.B.: History and Recent Research}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The Quoddy Region has the longest history of archaeological exploration of any part of New Brunswick. However, the prehistory of Deer Island, the largest island in the region, has been investigated only sporadically. This is surprising given the extensive collections of prehistoric artifacts held by avocational archaeologists on Deer Island. The presentation will summarize the history of archaeological investigations on Deer Island and report on a current research project being conducted there. Archaeological investigations at the Deer Island Point site (BfDr-5) were conducted in cooperation with a local avocational archaeologist. This multi-component coastal archaeological site which includes intertidal and terrestrial deposits has yielded artifacts spanning the past 4000 years. In addition to furthering archaeological knowledge of the Quoddy Region, the purpose has been to foster cooperative working relationships among professional and avocational archaeologists, landowners and the public.}, author = {Gilbert, Drew and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10873, title = {Floating Stone: Watercraft and Lithic Procurement in Maine and the Maritimes}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The Quoddy Region, in southwestern NB, was a nexus of toolstone trade and transport between Maine and the Maritimes. Watercraft played an integral role in the procurement and trade of both local and exotic toolstones from their original source(s) to where these artifacts were later deposited and recovered from the archaeological record. This paper will focus on the varied lithic materials recovered from the Deer Island Point site (BfDr5). The discussion will illustrate how watercraft enabled the relatively rapid transport of large amounts of lithic materials with less overall effort than land-based travel.}, author = {Gilbert, Drew} } @Conference Paper {10877, title = {THE RUSSELL{\textquoteright}S POINT SITE: A PROTOHISTORIC BEOTHUK SITE IN TRINITY BAY}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In August, 1610, Newfoundland{\textquoteright}s first official colony was established at Cupers Cove (now Cupids) in Conception Bay under the direction of John Guy. In the autumn of 1612, Guy and 18 other colonists set sail from Cupids into Trinity Bay in an effort to establish friendly relations with the Beothuk Indians. On 26 October, the colonists discovered a Beothuk camp on the shores of a {\textquoteright}great fresh water lake{\textquoteright} about a mile inland from the bottom of Trinity Bay. The Russell{\textquoteright}s Point site is located on the western side of Dildo Pond in the community of Blaketown at the bottom of Trinity Bay. It was discovered in 1988 using information contained in John Guy{\textquoteright}s journal of his voyage and is generally believed to be the site visited by him on 26 October, 1612. Excavations were conducted at the site during 1994 and 1995 by the author. The results of these excavations combined with documentary evidence suggest that Russell{\textquoteright}s Point was a caribou kill site utilized by the Beothuk during the annual fall migration. Roughly 1,000 artifacts have been recovered to date and a high proportion of these are stone arrowheads typical of the protohistoric period. A small amount of European material has also been recovered, indicating that the Beothuks at Russell{\textquoteright}s Point had some contact with either migratory fishermen or colonists. The author will describe the results of the excavations to date and utilize archaeological data and documentary evidence in an attempt to better understand both the Russell{\textquoteright}s Point site and the Beothuk occupation of Trinity Bay.}, author = {GILBERT, William} } @Conference Paper {10876, title = {THE SEARCH FOR CUPERS COVE}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {In August, 1610, the London and Bristol Company for the Plantation of Newfoundland established a colony at Cupers Cove (now Cupids) in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. The Cupers Cove colony was the first English colony established in Canada. Although never a commercial success, the plantation marked the beginning of permanent European settlement in Newfoundland. Archaeological work was conducted at Cupids during 1973 and 1974 but failed to locate the Cupers Cove site. During July 1995 an archaeological survey of Cupids was conducted under the direction of the author and an early seventeenth-century site was discovered. Initial excavations were also undertaken to determine the site{\textquoteright}s state of preservation and potential for further excavation. Historians have generally held that the Cupers Cove colony was abandoned during the 1620s. However, the data recovered in 1995 suggests that the colony may have continued much longer than had previously been believed. Artifacts indicate an ongoing occupation or utilization of the area throughout most of the seventeenth century. The paper will detail the techniques used to locate the site and describe the results of the survey.}, author = {GILBERT, William} } @Conference Paper {10878, title = {A Reinterpretation of the Arkteia: Redefining Artemis / Une nouvelle interpr{\'e}tation des choses antiques : red{\'e}couvrir Art{\'e}mis}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The archaeological evidence furnished by excavations at Brauron provides substantial information about the cult of Artemis where young women underwent initiation before marriage, but the nature of the relationship between the cult at Brauron and the stoa of Artemis on the Athenian Akropolis needs to be explored. In 1963 Edmonson proposed that the stoa of Artemis on the Athenian Akropolis replaced the sanctuary at Brauron when it went out of use in the 3rd century B.C. This paper suggests that the Athenian stoa of Artemis was never intended to replace the Brauron cult, instead it functioned as an urban complement to the rural cult. Following the outbreaks of plague in Athens in the 420s, the initiations at Brauron acted as a rite of passage for elite young Athenian women and guaranteed their social standing through marriage among Athenian aristocratic families. I also propose that the stoa of Artemis on the Akropolis never served a specifically ritual function, but instead was used to house votives and lists of dedications from Brauron. Archaeological evidence suggests that the stoa probably predated the Chalkotheke, which functioned in a similar way. This interpretation emphasizes the diverse roles played by buildings on the Akropolis during the Classical period.}, author = {GILL, Alyson A} } @Conference Paper {10879, title = {Using Advances in Technology to Study Bog Bodies: The Possibilities and Limitations}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Although various reports place the number of preserved bodies, or body parts, from the peat bogs of northwestern Europe at anything up to 1500, less than 50 bog bodies still exist. Most of the known bodies are either on display in museums or hidden in museum storeroom. The majority of the research on these bodies was conducted in the interval between discovery and conservation or display and little new research has been undertaken with these bodies in recent decades.This paper discusses the methods used in a current project to re-examine five Iron Age human mummies and one skull from the peat of northern Germany and will discuss the issues associated with invasive and non-invasive studies of mummified human remains.}, author = {Gill-Robinson, Heather} } @article {9602, title = {Enculturing an Unknown World: Caches and Clovis Landscape Ideology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {171-189}, abstract = {

The scientific debate surrounding the first peopling of the Americas has largely centered on Clovis economic lifeways. There has been little discussion of either social or ideological aspects of Clovis culture. This is partly due to the difficulty in extracting this type of information from the archaeological record. However, phenomenology-based approaches to landscape archaeology provide a potential inroad to non-economic aspects of prehistoric cultural systems. Using archaeological data, general analogy, and theoretical models developed by landscape archaeologists, the ideological role of a subset of Clovis caches is investigated. It is argued that as colonization progressed, some caches were used to transfer a mobile sense of the landscape into a fixed sense of the landscape. This symbolic transformation was one part of a complex landscape-learning process that would have required significant economic, behavioral, and ideological adaptation.

}, author = {Jason D. Gillespie} } @article {9601, title = {Rethinking Taxonomy on the Northern Plains: A Comment on Yellowhorn{\textquoteright}s "Regarding the American Paleolithic"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {309-313}, abstract = {

As Yellowhorn points out in his recent paper, the Northern Plains taxonomy suffers from several problems. While I agree that it is time to address these issues, his solution is too extreme and is itself flawed in many ways. Modifying the current taxonomy, rather than substituting an inappropriate Old World taxonomy, would better serve our discipline. It is time to cleanup the Northern Plains taxonomy, but we must do so without throwing out the baby with the bathwater.

}, author = {Jason D. Gillespie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9151, title = {Ethical Issues in Archaeology}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {172-175}, editor = {Jason D. Gillespie} } @Conference Paper {10881, title = {Sub Aqua 1, Holyrood, Newfoundland: A Field School Experience For Scuba Divers}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {The inventory of submerged cultural resources in Newfoundland waters is limited. Archaeological surveys conducted by avocational groups have covered only a very small percentage of underwater areas in a systematic manner. Site assessments and surveys of specific areas conducted for archaeological clearance for proposed development projects will add to that database. However, it is only when individual archaeological resources are recorded in specific areas that a clearer understanding of the distribution and types of submerged cultural resources will result. Thus, the requirement for accurate reporting of underwater sites is important. In recent years a problem has arisen in providing scuba divers with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of the technical skills required by the underwater archaeologist. The situation needed to be improved through diver education. In the fall of 1988, a diving course specifically in underwater archaeology was set up with Sub Aqua 1982 Ltd. in St. John{\textquoteright}s. The course was taken by a small group of students for the NASDS (National Association of Scuba Diving Schools) Expert Diver Program. The introductory course provided a sound background in technical skills and emphasized hands-on experience. Open water work, to include the survey of a wreck site at Holyrood, Conception Bay, formed the interface between the theoretical knowledge gained by students in the classroom and the practical knowledge required for archaeological fieldwork. The successful field school experience, operated under an archaeological research permit granted by the Historic Resources Division, Department of Culture, Recreation and Youth, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, will be outlined using the highly visual format of still photography and video presentation.}, author = {Ginns, Janette M.} } @Conference Paper {10880, title = {Conception Bay Underwater Survey 1988}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Four harbours in Conception Bay, on the northern shore of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, became the target of a series of short surveys undertaken by avocational divers with the Newfoundland Marine Archaeology Society. A total of eleven underwater sites were identified at Brigus, Bay Roberts, Harbour Grace and Bristol{\textquoteright}s Hope. These sites have been registered and include shipwrecks, anchorage points, old wharves, midddens, and related shoreline activity areas. Documentary sources indicate that Conception Bay was known to Europeans in the 16th century and was the first area of English influence in Newfoundland in the early 17th century. The settled population gradually increased and strong mercantile interests were established in the 18th and 19th centuries. Archaeological surveys on land have produced limited historical data for the area and no systematic underwater archaeological surveys had been conducted until this time. The results of the underwater survey in Conception Bay will be discussed. This will include an assessment of the contribution made to the inventory of submerged cultural resources in Newfoundland waters, communications with historical societies and people in local communities to protect the marine heritage, and the experience provided to divers to become involved in archaeological surveys in the province.}, author = {Ginns, Janette M.} } @Conference Paper {10882, title = {Traditional Cultural Places and Aboriginal Landscapes: Protective Measures at the Federal Level in Canada}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {The protection of cultural resources is essential for any society, as they serve as vessels of the shared human experience of thousands of generations. This paper seeks to identify the existing legal measures in Canada that are applicable to the protection of Traditional Cultural Places, in order to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. This review will consider the effectiveness of current Canadian Federal legislation aimed at mitigating environmental and cultural impacts stemming from development projects. While the Canadian practice of Cultural Resource Management has sought to protect current and historical objects and places regardless of cultural affiliations, efforts to protect Traditional Cultural Places would benefit from both a stricter adherence to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and additional provisions to the Historic Places Initiative.}, author = {Glaude, Matt} } @Conference Paper {10883, title = {British Columbia Provincial Heritage Database}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {In British Columbia, recorded archaeological sites records are held in a provincial heritage inventory database. This database consists of approximately 28,000 site records and is increasing by about 1800 records a year. A recent provincial government initiative to update and maintain the database has allowed the review of site records and rebuilding of the supporting spatial and textual computer applications. The three goals of the record review are: to ensure that sites were correctly located at the 1:20,000 mapping scale; to plot larger sites as polygons instead of points; to add cultural resource management information to the map display. The resulting site and resource management data are presented in one application that combines relational database and geographic information functions. To date, the support system has been completed and 10\% of the records have been reviewed. The project will take an additional five years to complete.}, author = {Doug Glaum} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9267, title = {DNA for Archaeologists}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {343+345}, editor = {Bonnie Glencross} } @article {12920, title = {In Search of Carhagouha: The Archaeological Identification of Two Early Seventeenth-Century Huron-Wendat Villages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {158-180}, abstract = {

Since 2014, the Tay Point Archaeology Project has actively investigated Ahatsistari (BeGx-76) and Chew (BeGx-9), two Huron-Wendat village sites. Archaeological and historical evidence suggest Ahatsistari and Chew are good candidates for the historically referenced villages of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran respectively, visited by the French ca. 1615{\textendash}1616\ CE and 1623{\textendash}1624\ CE. The geographic locations, inter-village distances, and sizes of Ahatsistari and Chew correspond with historic accounts of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran. Recovered European-made artifacts securely date Ahatsistari to the first quarter and Chew to the second quarter of the seventeenth century, matching the recorded occupations of Carhagouha and Quieunonascaran. Exceptionally high glass bead densities and unusual European trade items point to intense trade between the French and Huron-Wendat and the presence of notable European visitors at Ahatsistari. Still to be located at Ahatsistari are a triple palisade and small cabin outside the village of Carhagouha that was occupied by Samuel de Champlain, Recollect friar Joseph Le Caron, and French traders.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.158}, author = {Bonnie Glencross and Gary Warrick and Beatrice Fletcher} } @Conference Paper {10884, title = {Flat but not Empty: Houselot Data Collection in the Maya Region}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Archaeological remains of ancient complex societies have traditionally been defined on the basis of visible architectural features, and those of the Maya region are no exception. Even the burgeoning field of household archaeology, considered in the Maya area to be a counterpoint to the excavation of large elite or civic structures, is usually contextualized by reference to the excavation of visibly mounded remains. An expanded spatial methodology - termed as the {\textquoteright}houselot approach{\textquoteright} - is employed in this paper to broaden the subsurface data collection capacity of household archaeology. Such an expanded scope is intended to allow more meaningful comparisons between spatially patterned archaeological material and ancient domestic behaviour.}, author = {Goldsmith, A. Sean} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12550, title = {Talking Stone: Rock Art of the Cosos}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {262-263}, editor = {Chris Shaw} } @Conference Paper {10885, title = {Textile Bag Impressions on Late Woodland Pottery from the Central Northern Interior / Empreintes de fibres textiles sur des poteries du Sylvicole sup\&}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {Since the early 1970{\textquoteright}s, textile impressions on Native ceramics have been a focus of interest in the western Boreal Forest of Manitoba, northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota. Analysis of latex and plasticene impressions have provided important insights. Recent replicative experiments in making ceramic vessels in pliable, sprang (knotless netting) bags have demonstrated the speed, ease, and effective construction of thin-walled vessels using this technique. The controversy regarding the identification of this technique versus cord-wrapped paddle or the rolling of cord-wrapped dowels is explored.}, author = {GOLTZ, Grant and E. Leigh Syms} } @article {9603, title = {Reflections on Refuse: A Contemporary Example from James Bay, Quebec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {083-097}, abstract = {

An Eastern Cree winter camp in James Bay, Quebec provides a contemporary example of the treatment and disposal of faunal bone. In the field observations and identifications are compared to recent native harvesting studies and ethnographic accounts of two similar hunting groups. In light of Eastern Cree religious concepts, it can be seen that the spatial distribution of the animal remains reflects a symbolic pattern of disposal.

}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10893, title = {Palaeohydrology and Prehistoric Occupations of Lake Temagami: Preliminary Research}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {One goal of the archaeological research at Lake Temagami is to discover the full sequence of prehistoric occupation since deglaciation (ca. 10,500 B.P.). Surveys and site excavations to date have focused on the modern shoreline. Lake and river shores formed an important ecotone for hurnan occupation in the Upland Shield - Boreal Forest as seen from ethnographic and archaeological settlement pattern studies. In order to trace prehistoric occupations through time, it is necessary to, reconstruct past shoreline configurations. Recent work indicates that lake levels in the complex north-south basin of Lake Temagami have been dynamic. Differential isostatic rebound is posited as the mechanism, with the northern end of the lake rebounding faster than the southern end. This phase of the research focuses on reconstructing the palaeohyhydrology of Lake Temagami, as a means of predicting archaeological site location. The effects of isostatic rebound were computer modelled by digitizing MNR 1:20,000 basemaps and applying published rebound curves. Initial results predict a 30m vertical displacement of the north end of the lake, relative to the south, at 9,500 B.P. Two separate lakes, one draining northeast through Sharp Rock Inlet, and the other draining northeast through the town of Temagami, would result. As the basins rebounded, lake regression would occur near these outlets, resulting in palaeoshorelines inland from the modern shoreline. Fieldwork in 1991 involved coring bogs at the two outlets. The preliminary results bear out several predictions of the computer model. This work has several archaeological implications. First, Lake Temagami levels underwent rapid change. Sites on the present shoreline may not provide the full sequence of prehistoric occupation. Second, changing lake levels differentially affected the basin; while inland archaeological survey may be useful for locating early sites, it is only appropriate in selected locales. Third, local effects of changing lake levels on travel routes, lithic sources, and fauna resources merit consideration in reconstructions of pre-historic land usage. Finally, this work has implications for heritage planning.}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon and John H. McAndrews and Ian D. Campbell} } @Conference Paper {10888, title = {Reindeer Herd Following in Northeast European Russia}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The Bolshoi or Big Tundra is bordered west by the White Sea, north by the Kara Sea, east by the northern Urals and south by the east-west flowing lower Pechora River. Here, biologists have mapped four reindeer migration routes leading to one calving ground on the White and three on the Kara Sea. The Kara Sea calving grounds are on the Ugor Peninsula, a low Ural extension leading to Novaya Zemlya. Its two eastern calving grounds and migration routes are of archaeological interest because of dozens of archaeological sites and their proximity to the Vorkuta airport and railhead. Both routes run north from the Pechora, the western route following the Rogobaya River upstream where it crosses to the headwaters of the Korotaika. Partly descending the Korotaika it crosses to a tributary of the Kara River which enters Baidaratskaya Bay of the Kara Sea. The eastern route parallels the Usa Valley and crosses to another Kara tributary. The archaeological sites have many Neolithic, Mesolithic and Bronze Age tools, plus artifacts of the current Nentsy Samoyed reindeer herders who have lived here for a thousand years. In the summer of 1994 the tool and art styles and trade goods of the Nensty and their predecessors will be compared to quantify the type and amount of past human contact between the western and eastern routes.}, author = {Gordon, Bryan C.} } @Conference Paper {10892, title = {The Effect of Herd-Following on Material Culture}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {The Beverly caribou range is triangular, with base extending frorn the Churchill river of northern Saskatchewan 1000 km to its calving ground apex near the Back River south of the Arctic Ocean. Each spring since deglaciation, caribou follow the tundra migration route to calve in late May and early June. After 4-6 weeks of post-calving aggregation they and their calves are joined by late arriving bulls, the huge combined herd moving south in late summer past treeline. After a brief forest sojourn the herd rate in October at treeline before returning to the forest for winter. In summer, autumn and winter, it is hunted for its meat, hide, sinew, bone and antler. Using 1002 human occupation north and south of treeline, the relationship between toolkits and seasonal activities is evaluated.}, author = {Gordon, Bryan C.} } @article {9507, title = {1974 Thule culture investigations at Baker Lake, N. W. T.}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {218-224}, author = {Bryan~C.~Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10887, title = {Of men and reindeer in French Magdalenian prehistory}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Physical manipulation of reindeer teeth, plus the ageing of teeth to determine seasonality of death, were covered in the last annual meeting. It was found that control specimens accurately reflect known age of animal and hence, seasonal occupation by hunters of archaeological sites. Additional information on annular increments of reindeer-caribou and other teeth using sheltered animals on fixed diet will re-open the discussion. This will be followed by interpretation of increment counts of teeth taken from 54 Magdalenian sites, chiefly from S.W. France. Observations of suggested reindeer and hunting band movements 10-15,000 years ago will be discussed.}, author = {B. Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10891, title = {Formal Stratigraphic Analyses and Prehistoric Archaeology: Two Examples}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Since the mid-1970{\textquoteright}s, there has been a revival of interest in the stratigraphy of archaeological sites. Several archaeologists have proposed formal systems of stratigraphic analyses. One of these was developed by Edward Harris for analyzing complex stratification in British historic sites. This presentation illustrates how the authors have adopted Harris{\textquoteright} system and applied to two different North American prehistoric archaeological contexts: 1) a shallow, disturbed, multi-component habitation site in northern Ontario, and 2) a deep, undisturbed, multi-component shell midden in southern New Brunswick.}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon and David W. Black} } @Conference Paper {10886, title = {IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE THREE PINES SITE (CgHa-6), LAKE TEMAGAMI, ONTARIO}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Analyses of the soils, a pollen core, the geomorphology and the microstratigraphy of the Three Pines Site, were integrated to reconstruct some of the natural and cultural processes which have formed this shallow, multi-component site typical of the Canadian Shield. The Three Pines Site is a baymouth bar, created sometime after deglaciation (ca. 10,500 B.P.) and available for human occupation by at least 6400 B.P. Repeated seasonal occupations by Archaic, Initial Woodland, Terminal Woodland, Historical and Modern period groups have left a time series of minute cultural modifications to the landscape. The nature and the relative temporal sequence of these events were identified through the use of a Harris Matrix stratigraphic analysis. This provided a basis for phasing the settlement traces, artifacts and other archaeological sediments into a temporal sequence of occupations. This contextual/stratigraphic approach (cf. Butzer 1982; Harris 1979) involves conceptualizing the archaeological record as a time series of physical deposits, whose form and nature reflect the cumulative total of all events, activities and processes which have operated to create the archaeological site as it exists today. This viewpoint allows for artifacts to be considered within their stratigraphic context, sites in their palaeoenvironmental context and ultimately hunter-gatherer behaviour within the context of the human ecosystem.}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10890, title = {Nadlok and the Origins of the Copper and Caribou Inuit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Copper usage, heavy caribou and fish subsistence, extensive inland knowledge and mythology suggested inland origins for Copper and Caribou Inuit to Jenness and Birket-Smith. This was widely accepted until the mid-20th century when archaeologists suggested Thule coastal origins instead. The archaeological site of Nadlok in extreme southeast Copper Inuit territory is on the traditional Bathurst Inlet trade route to the Caribou Inuit. The Barrenland distribution of copper tools, winter houses, radiocarbon-dated floors, and trees are used to determine whether Nadlok was simply a trade center or whether it and related sites were formative to both Inuit groups.}, author = {Gordon, Bryan C.} } @Conference Paper {10894, title = {Reindeer/Caribou Exploitation{\textendash}A Comparison of Two Water Crossings}, year = {1976}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {Reindeer or caribou are and were the most important resource base for the majority of northern hunting societies. A comparison is made between prehistoric and ethnohistoric water crossings belonging to the Barrenland Chipewyan. Herd accumulation, harvesting, and dispersal are discussed.}, author = {Gordon, B.C.} } @Conference Paper {10889, title = {Rocks, Water and a Dog: Structural Variation between the Witch Point Site (CgRa-7) and the Three Pines Site (CgHa-6), Lake Temagami}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Excavations in 1993 at the Witch Point Site revealed structural and ceremonial features not previously encountered by the author on other Lake Temagami sites. The prehistoric inhabitants in the Archaic, Middle Woodland and late Woodland periods spent considerable effort in collecting and transporting beach cobbles onto the 4 in high esker top. The cumulative effect is a rock pavement in a sandy substrate. Sweat baths, roasting pits, hearths and lithic raw material caches are among the likely functions for these rock structures. In the unusually thick, organic enriched Ah horizon, Late Woodland pottery (Huron Incised style) dominates, compared to the predominantly Middle Woodland components at Three Pines Site which is located on a low sand terrace on the opposite lake shore. Of particular note at Witch Point, is the occurrence of red ochre nodules, red ochre paste pottery, clear quartz crystals and a dog burial, which all suggest ritual and ceremonial activities. This paper examines variation in site structure, settlement features and stratigraphic sequence between the Witch Point Site and the Three Pines Site. It considers several explanations for these major differences based on seasonality, changing lake levels, technological change and social factors influencing variation in site usage and function over time.}, author = {Diana Lynn Gordon} } @Conference Paper {10896, title = {Kurma XI : un nouveau cimeti{\'e}re de l{\textquoteright}{\^a}ge du bronze sur le lac Ba{\"\i}kal}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {Olga I. Goriunova and Andrzej WEBER} } @Conference Paper {10895, title = {Khuzhir-Nuge XIV Cemetery: Mortuary Ritual and Culture Historical Context}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {The main objective of the long-term research project on Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers in the Lake Baikal area has been a comprehensive examination of the Kitoi, Serovo and Glazkovo cultures. Much of the comparison of the developmental trajectories of both cultures{\textquoteright} adaptive strategies has been based on the examination of collections that refer to both groups. Since quality materials associated with the later times are lacking, we have initiated excavations of a late Serovo-Glazkovo cemetery at Khuzhir-Nuge XIV on Lake Baikal. Due to its size (c. 90 individuals anticipated), the site is expected to provide enough data to faciliate effective examination of culture dynamics. Although one more season will be needed to complete fieldwork at this locality, the c. 70 graves excavated to date already provided a wealth of information on grave architecture, body treatment, grave goods, human taphonomic processes, paleodemography and health, and unique data on site structure and use. The substantial amount of variability that characterizes each of these aspects of the mortuary protocol is the focus of this paper.}, author = {Goriunova, Olga Ivanovna} } @Conference Paper {10897, title = {Fabric of Time: the Augustine Mound textiles}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Textile technologies in the Northeast are scantly evidenced in the archaeological record, due to the acidic soils in the region. Contrary to this, however, numerous partially mineralized textile artifacts were excavated from the Augustine Mound, a prehistoric Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq cemetery located on the Metepenagiag (Red Bank) reserve in New Brunswick, Canada. Such preservation was afforded due to the inclusion of several thousand copper beads. Among these artifacts are textiles that represent the earliest known forms of textile arts for the region. These artifacts vary in form and structure, and include twined, and plaited fabric, basketry, and matting, as well as wrapped textiles, braids, and cordage on which shell and copper beads were strung. Many of these technologies are still practiced by the Mi{\textquoteright}kmaq people, such as in the manufacture of woodsplint basketry, and rush matting. This paper will explore linkages of continuity and change between these past and present textile technologies.}, author = {Elizabeth N. Gorman and Dr. Susan E. Blair} } @Conference Paper {10898, title = {Similkameen Pictographs: Conservation via Cultural Tourism and Public Awareness}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {The pictographs of the Similkameen have long fascinated visitors and researchers alike. The Upper Similkameen Indian Band has been undertaking a number of initiatives over the past several years with respect to conservation and management of these sites. Initiatives include working with Parks Canada to have sites commemorated as a National Historic Monument as well as opening up one of the sites to public tours. The Band is also currently negotiating with the Province of BC to allow the Band increased involvement in the management of these sites. Additionally, management plans are being negotiated with stakeholders to reduce the occurrences of accidental desecration and destruction. The Band was also instrumental in having the publication {\textquoteright}Exploring BC{\textquoteright}s Pictographs{\textquoteright} recalled in 2003 due to the risk that this book posed to site integrity and conservation.Through public awareness and increased involvement by the Band at the local level the pictographs of the Similkameen are now receiving an increased amount of attention in regards to conservation. Other initiatives proposed for the immediate future include a detailed inventory of sites, their condition and conservation requirements.The Band recognizes the need for increased protection of the sites, especially those that might be opened up for tourism. Once a site is opened up for tours the Band will be monitoring it daily and assessing condition on a regular basis to ensure site integrity.}, author = {Gould, Brenda and Charlene Allison} } @Symposium Papers {10975, title = {Pebble Tools and Time Factoring}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {165-175}, abstract = {Pebble tool assemblages have for many years been one of the more puzzling lithic classes in the Pacific Northwest. They have been viewed as chronological markers, as indicators of task-specific sites, and as remains of distinct cultural entities. They sometimes seem to be the only visible part of certain regional site components, whereas at other times a variety of lithic tools accompanies the pebble tool complex. Assemblages of both kinds have been recorded and examined by the writer in both littoral and upland sites. Pebble tools need not be chronological markers. While coastline changes may have occurred in post glacial times, several of these sites have always been within a few hundred meters of a coast though the elevations above sea level have changed. Experiments are underway to determine pebble tool utility in different tasks. Context and association are variables that must be controlled before temporal factors can be expressed.}, author = {Garland F. Grabert} } @Conference Paper {10899, title = {The micro-evolutionary frontier and northwest prehistory}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {This paper attempts on a limited scale to assess the recent prehistoric period of the northwest coast in terms of an interactional model. Cultural (technological) changes over the past 2 or 3 thousand years are viewed not so much as distinct cultural changes as evidence for the dynamics of social interaction and the changes in inter-community interaction preferences. Given that there have been some environmental and demographic changes over the past 3 thousand years and given also that only technological changes are recorded, the stance is taken that these reflect more of intercommunity relational changes than they do of adaptive strategy evolution. They may be taken instead as tactical variations, as much socially derived as subsistence motivated. It is assumed that territorial margins, the outer limits of a community{\textquoteright}s catchment area are the articulation points of social change. Two cases are examined. In both a limited amount of archaeological investigation has been carried on. In both also there has been a rather limited amount of ethnographic study. Using this model it should be possible to explain some of the supposed anomalies in localized variants in regional archaeological cultures, phases and other units of definition.}, author = {Grabert, G.} } @Conference Paper {10902, title = {Quantifying Resource Diversity on the Northern Plains}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The SCAPE project is examining human-environmental interactions of pre-contact groups in localities that exhibit exceptional physiographic and ecological diversity within the Canadian Prairies Ecozone. Research in the Lauder Sand Hills of southwestern Manitoba has identified several multi-component occupations dating to over 5,000 BP. It is believed that the area has provided a diverse array of resources to pre-contact groups due to its unique geomorphology, which has resulted in frequent local variations in relief, microclimatic and soil conditions, and an increased variety and abundance of plant and animal resources. Recent geomorphic evidence indicates that the environment has remained relatively unchanged for at least the last 2,000 years. While increased diversity has been used to explain the patterns of intense occupation in the area, as of yet there has been no formal investigation comparing the relative diversity of the sand hills with adjacent areas of the prairie ecozone. This research presents a GIS-based approach for quantitatively assessing resource diversity using a variety of existing geospatial databases.}, author = {James Graham and Wiseman, Dion J. and Garry L. Running IV and Matthew Boyd} } @Conference Paper {10901, title = {A Mobile GIS Application for Conducting Archaeological Surveys}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Geomatics technologies (i.e. Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, and the Global Positioning System) are becoming increasingly practical and necessary tools for researchers in a variety of disciplines concerned with mapping the location and spatial relationships between phenomena. The single largest impediment to the adoption of geomatics in the public and private sectors is the relatively steep learning curve and significant investment in time and money required to become proficient with these technologies. The goal of this research was to develop a customized GIS application for conducting archaeological surveys (e.g. test-pit or pedestrian) that would enable the user to record the location and associated attributes of an archaeological test site quickly and accurately, in a standardized format, and with a minimal amount of training or background required. The application enables the user to accurately record the location of each test-pit using a handheld computer (PDA) with an integrated GPS flashcard. When a new test-pit location is added the application prompts the user to enter specific attribute information using a custom designed data entry form with drop-down menus. The application also generates default data fields including user id, date, time, and location. Data is collected and stored in a standard geospatial data format (i.e. ESRI shapefile format) that can be easily uploaded to an external GIS application for analysis, reporting, and automated mapping; eliminating the need to transcribe or process hand written field notes. Consequently, data collected from several surveys can be integrated seamlessly, and subsequent data analysis can occur with little or no intermittent data processing. This protocol ensures accurate, consistent, and standardized data collection across all users and will greatly facilitate sharing and dissemination of archaeological data between professional and academic users, and provincial and federal government agencies. Following an adequate field testing period, the application will be made available via the Internet free of charge to anyone interested in using and/or modifying it.}, author = {Graham, James W. and Wiseman, Dion J. and Bev Nicholson} } @Conference Paper {10900, title = {Les voies de circulation : utilisation du SIG}, year = {2003}, address = {Hamilton}, author = {James Graham} } @Conference Paper {10903, title = {Community Building and Archaeology: An Experience in Western Quebec}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {This paper presents a case study about a project to establish a public-archaeology programme in Pontiac High School in Western Quebec. In partnership with the schoolboard, the school, the local community development office, the Provincial Government and the municipality of the Village of Shawville, the {\textquoteright}Pontiac High Archaeology Corps{\textquoteright} was established to help develop a new {\textquoteright}heritage park{\textquoteright} on the grounds of a 19th century brickyard. The students{\textquoteright} role was to help conduct the evaluation excavations to determine the extent and nature of any remains, for much of the brickyard had been destroyed through nearly a century of farming. In this paper we present the {\textquoteright}Pontiac High Archaeology Corps{\textquoteright} and their on-going activities (which we help supervise) as a model for integrating archaeology into the community, and as a driver for social growth in small rural communities.}, author = {Graham, Shawn} } @Conference Paper {10904, title = {Data management and manipulation in archaeology: assessment criteria applied against two computerized systems in Canada}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Objectives and methods of archaeological data management and manipulation are discussed within the context of developing criteria for the evaluation of data management systems. Within such a framework two existing computerized systems in the Canadian archaeological community, the National Inventory and the Parks Canada Prairie Region System, are assessed.}, author = {Grainger, D.} } @Conference Paper {10905, title = {Site Locations and Hypothesized Hunting Strategies for the Magalloway Valley Clovis, Western Maine}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Discoveries at the nine, closed Clovis sites of the Magalloway Valley Complex, western Maine, are reviewed as a basis for speculations about ancient hunting strategies.}, author = {Gramly, Michael} } @Conference Paper {10906, title = {Archaeology and Forestry on the Mid Coast of British Columbia}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Interfor approaches archaeological issues from three perspectives: (1) legal protection; (2) social impacts on the First Nations and communities in which we work; and (3) forest development planning and issuance of logging permits. At present there is much turmoil and uncertainty as to how to best address archaeological resources in the forest development process. This complex process is evolving and it involves many different people and organizations. Only by taking a proactive role in working with all concerned parties, can companies meet the legal requirements and develop positive and trusting relations with First Nations so that the timely approval of logging permits is assured. On the Mid Coast, the abundance of Culturally Modified Trees (CMTs) is the most common issue that forest managers must address. Currently, the major forest licensees in conjunction with the Ministry of Forests and archaeologists, are working with the local First Nations to develop a practical CMT management protocol. Through this protocol it is envisioned that the First Nations work with the licensees to conduct CMT surveys on areas that meet certain criteria for surveying. Depending on the situation, site specific prescriptions will be jointly developed and this can range from a variety of protection measures to permitted removal of the CMT. The role or archaeologists in this process is seen as providing training for surveyors and to be consulted in situations where it is suspected that there may be additional, more complex archaeological issues in the area.}, author = {GRANANDER, Hans} } @Conference Paper {10907, title = {Chultunob at X-ual-canil, Belize}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {During the 1996 and 1997 field seasons, two chultunob were excavated at the site of X-ual-canil in the Cayo District of Belize, Central America. These sub-surface features have been the focus of discussion and curiosity since the initial investigation in Central America began. An attempt to determine the function of these features within the X-ual-canil site prompted the excavation of these chultunob. The purpose of our continuing excavations in the 1998 field season is to define the construction and usage pattern of the chultunob at this site. Unlike the chultun or cisterns of the Northern Maya Lowlands which were utilized as water catchment areas, the chultunob of the Southern Maya Lowlands appear to serve two functions: human burial and possibly storage chambers. This paper will discuss the excavation of these two chultunob, the associated artifacts and the osteology report. I will also briefly discuss the site of X-ual-canil and its association and connection to other sites in the Belize Valley.}, author = {GRAY, Nadine} } @Conference Paper {10908, title = {Sainte Marie Re-Visited: 1987-90 Excavations at Sainte Marie Among the Hurons}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Four years of excavation and research have discovered and confirmed the presence of a multi-component site on the property including and surrounding the 17th century French Jesuit mission community. The data indicate that this site complex has been used by a variety of cultural groups since the 13th century A.D. Sainte Marie has undergone a series of excavations, most notably those directed by Kenneth E. Kidd (1941-43) and Wilfrid Jury (1947-51). However, in 1987 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. was contracted to carry out excavations on the property under the direction of Dr. Dean Knight and W. Barry Gray. Archaeological investigations have focused on the southern portion of the reconstructed mission settlement, the section of the site presently identified as the Non-Christian Native area. Further testing has also been conducted in the northern part of the reconstruction inside the Non-Christian and Christian Native Areas. In 1990, the west bank of the Wye River was tested, resulting in the identification of another, multi-component site which has been named the Heron Site. This site was first used during the 14th century through to the 20th century. The data from the Heron site has been of use in our study of Sainte-Marie since it has provided us with comparative data from a less disturbed context. This present study of land-use represents a new direction for research related to the 17th century mission site.}, author = {Gray, W. Barry and Jeanie Tummon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11940, title = {Giant Sloths and Sabertooth Cats: Extinct Mammals and the Archaeology of the Ice Age Great Basin}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {277-278}, editor = {Lawrence Jackson} } @Conference Paper {10910, title = {Stone Tool Technology In Mountain Housepit Sites}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {To date, seven housepit sites have been recorded in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, with occupation floors dated as early as 3000 years ago. The housepits and earth ovens at these sites are clearly related in some way to use of the area by people from the British Columbia Interior Plateau. This paper will discuss recent analyses of the stone tools and debitage excavated from four mountain housepit sites, and the implications for our understanding of the chronology, origin and technological organization of the inhabitants.}, author = {Sheila Greaves} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9086, title = {Oldman River Dam Stone Features Study: Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Technical Series}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {115-118}, editor = {Sheila Greaves} } @Conference Paper {10909, title = {A MODEL FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF MICROCORE TECHNOLOGY AMONG SEMI-SEDENTARY HUNTER-GATHERERS}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {The purpose of this research is to construct and test a model of the organization of microcore technology, within the subsistence-settlement system of prehistoric, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers. The study of technological organization involves investigation of why a society selects particular tool designs, and how it structures the manufacture, use, maintenance and discard of tools and associated debitage across the landscape. The model tested here associates the use of microcore technology with a design for a maintainable and transportable tool assemblage which conserves lithic material and with a distribution focused on residential camps as the locus of microcore manufacture, and microblade production and use. The model is tested through a comparative case study of archaeological tools and debitage from microlithic and non-microlithic sites in two upland valleys in the British Columbia Southern Interior Plateau. Results indicate that microcore technology was variable in design goals and distribution, even within the same geographically and ethnographically defined region.}, author = {Sheila Greaves} } @Conference Paper {10911, title = {The Use of Caves in Taino Religion}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {The use of caves as ritual and sacred landscapes has been well-explored in New World archaeology, especially in regards to Mesoamerican civilizations. Recent evidence has shed light on the importance of caves in the Caribbean, specifically the Classic Taino Chiefdoms of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. This poster will show that Taino cave use reflects a highly developed and relatively wide-spread religion with direct implications for Taino social structure. Taino cave art demonstrates the alternative use of caves as a ritual area and the possible location of the axis mundi {\textendash} the connecting element to the various realms of the cosmos. The importance of Taino religion has been documented with ethnohistoric sources, but as the indigenous population was completely erased with the arrival of Columbus, material remains are all we have to create a picture of the importance of religion to a developing Chiefdom-type society.}, author = {Jenna Green} } @Conference Paper {10912, title = {Update on the Oxbow Dam Site: The excavation continues after forty years / Site Oxbow Dam : 40 ans plus tard, les fouilles continuent}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {The Oxbow Dam Site (DhMn-1) was originally tested in 1956 by Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History (present-day Royal SaskatchewanMuseum) staff. Material from the early excavation, in conjunction with artifacts from the Long Creek Site, was used to define the Oxbow Culture. Over the last forty years, numerous questions have arisen about the findings of the museum excavation. This paper presents the preliminary results of a small excavation conducted at the site over the 1995 and 1996 field seasons which should help answer some of those questions.}, author = {GREEN, D{\textquoteright}Arcy} } @Conference Paper {10914, title = {Preliminary Mapping of Comox Bay, B.C. Fish Traps}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing mapping and research project investigating previously unrecorded wood stake intertidal fish weir features at Comox Bay, east Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The features appear to be unique in both size and extent for coastal B.C. involving over 10,000 wood stakes. GIS total station mapping of the complex has allowed detailed recording of stake patterning and distribution in the estuary. Samples are being submitted for dating.}, author = {Greene, Nancy A.} } @Conference Paper {10913, title = {A New Angle on Northwest Coast Fish Trap Technologies: GIS Total Station Mapping of Intertidal Wood-Stake Features at Comox Harbour, B.C.}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {GIS total station mapping of wood-stake fish trap features at Comox Harbour suggests an intensive fishery (1230-120 BP) using mass harvesting technologies. Features appear to be unique for the Northwest Coast. This paper will explore the technology design types, their size, temporal relationships and extensive distribution on the tidal flats to harvest a variety of fish species.}, author = {Greene, Nancy A.} } @article {11036, title = {The Comox Harbour Fish Trap Complex: A Large-Scale, Technologically Sophisticated Intertidal Fishery from British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {161-212}, abstract = {

Results of highly detailed mapping and radiocarbon dating at a vast and largely unknown intertidal fish trap complex indicate a large-scale, technologically sophisticated Aboriginal trap fishery operated at Comox Harbour, Vancouver Island, British Columbia between about 1,300 and 100 years ago. Two temporally and morphologically distinct trap types were utilized, and the shift from the Winged Heart trap type to the Winged Chevron trap type ca.\ 700\ B.P. appears abrupt and closely coincident with Little Ice Age climatic conditions and increased importance of salmon at Aboriginal village sites on west coast Vancouver Island, at Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) and south coast Alaska. Drawing comparisons from closely analogous historical and contemporary North American large-scale traps designed with knowledge of fish behaviour, the Winged Heart and Winged Chevron traps were likely designed to mass harvest herring and salmon, respectively. This study contributes to the wider consideration of marine adaptation on the Pacific Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Nancy A. Greene and David C. McGee and Roderick J. Heitzmann} } @Conference Paper {10916, title = {The Origins of Metallurgy - A Zooarchaeological Approach / Les origines de la m{\'e}tallurgie : une approche zooarch{\'e}ologique}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {This paper proposes a new analytical procedure for identifying and mapping the introduction and spread of metallurgy to regions based upon the relative frequency of metal versus stone tool slicing cut marks in butchered animal bone assemblages. Experiments to be described here established the relationship between the edge characteristics of metal and stone tools and the marks they produce when applied to bone. Through the use of silicon molds of slicing cut marks analyzed through SEM, the type of tool used to produce such cut marks on bone can be identified. Quantifying the distribution over time and space provides insight into the process of the introduction and diffusion of a functional metallurgical technology for subsistence activities. Prehistoric data from the Central Balkans of southeast Europe are presented to illustrate the utility of the procedure. These data are used to calculate the frequency of use and relative importance of stone and metal implements over time, from the introduction of metallurgy during the Late Neolithic through the end of the Bronze Age.}, author = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @Conference Paper {10915, title = {Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa: the question of cultural continuity between the Early and Late Ir}, year = {2004}, address = {Winnipeg}, abstract = {The spatial relations of metal working areas and domestic areas in Early Iron Age sites are important because they have implications for models of continuity and change in the southern African Iron Age. Metal working remains recovered during the 1995-1997 field seasons at the Early Iron Age site of Ndondondwane (AD 650-750) offered an opportunity to quantify the distribution of metal working activities. Metal working residues were classified visually, the distribution of various classes of remains plotted, and selected samples analysed metallographically to confirm the visual identifications. This study revealed the marked spatial and temporal distribution of ore preparation, primary iron smelting, and secondary forging activities on the site. In the earliest of three identified occupational horizons, relatively sparse metal working remains were associated with forging activities near hut floors in the centre of the site. In the intermediate occupational horizon, metal working on the site was confined to ore preparation and forging in the vicinity of the more peripheral domestic areas associated with middens. Any smelting must have been performed elsewhere. In the final occupational horizon, metal working was concentrated in the central area again, where the remains of a furnace and a dump containing about 500 kg of slag attest to primary iron smelting. The implications of this temporal and spatial distribution for models of site organisation in the Early Iron Age are discussed, and are indicative of greater cultural continuity in metal production between the Early Iron Age and later periods in the region than hitherto believed.}, author = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9362, title = {Europe{\textquoteright}s First Farmers}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {243-245}, editor = {Haskel J. Greenfield} } @Conference Paper {10920, title = {Annie Lake: A Southern Yukon Mid-Holocene Cultural Complex}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Excavations at the multi-component Annie Lake site, located south of Whitehorse, have produced evidence for at least three occupations before ca. AD 700. The most recent of these has been assigned to the Taye Lake Phase of the Northem Archaic Tradition, while the earliest occupation of the site, a microlithic component, is attributed to the Little Arm Phase. Between these two components a previously unrecognized Yukon point type was recovered. The concave-based lanceolate Annie Lake points cannot be attributed to either of the previously mentioned south Yukon pre- historic cultures. These points have been used to define the Annie Lake Complex, whose age is bracketed to ca. 4400/4900 to 2000 years ago. The Complex is still poorly understood; its relationship to the site{\textquoteright}s earlier and later occupations remains uncertain. Based on the design of the point that marks this cultural complex, extrnal contacts or information exchange with the Canadian Plateau and Plains regions to the south are indicated.}, author = {Sheila Greer} } @inbook {11015, title = {The Trout Lake Archaeological Locality and the British Mountain Problem}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {15-31}, abstract = {A reanalysis of collections from the Trout Lake area of the northern Yukon challenges the integrity of what has become known as the type site of the British Mountain culture. The main Trout Lake site (NfVi-10) is seen as a mixed, multi-component deposit and its so-called British Mountain component is interpreted as lithic workshop debris. The collections from both NfVi-10 and the Northeast site (Ne Vi-9), the other main so-called British Mountain site in the Trout Lake area, feature artifacts assignable to a number of different prehistoric cultures; the most easily recognizable of these are local variants of the Denbigh, Choris and Norton western Palaeo-Eskimo cultures.}, author = {Sheila C. Greer}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Conference Paper {10919, title = {Traditional Knowledge in Site Recognition and Definition}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Archaeology in the western subarctic has a relatively long history of using Indigenous Tradition Knowledge. Examination of the role of Traditional Knowledge has played in the recognition of sites in the Yukon and Dene area of the Northwest Territories shows that only in the past few years is Traditional Knowledge being truly integrated into research.}, author = {Sheila Greer} } @Conference Paper {10918, title = {The Kwaday Dan Ts{\textquoteright}inchi (long ago person found) Discovery: An Update}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {In 1999, the preserved human remains of an ancient male aboriginal along with associated belongings were discovered on a glacier in Tatshenshini-Alsek Park in northwest British Columbia. The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations (CAFN) assumed responsibility for Kwaday Dan Ts{\textquoteright}inchi since the long ago person was found within their traditional territory, and the First Nation and the Government of British Columbia established a joint Management Group to oversee the handling of the find and related studies. Following completion of the autopsy and consultation with neighbouring Yukon and British Columbia First Nations and southeast Alaska Tribes in 2001, the remains were cremated and returned to the mountain where the long ago person lost his life. His belongings as well as other artifacts from the site area were retained, and conservation work on these pieces as well as replication efforts and related studies are ongoing. The site has also been monitored yearly, and in high melt summers, additional finds have been made. Some results from the numerous laboratory analysis projects initiated are now available as well. Though we still don{\textquoteright}t know who the long ago person was, insights are being gained. Equally important, the working relationship between the two governments has strengthened, with each having a better understanding of and respect for, the values, priorities and management regimes that the other operates under.}, author = {Sheila Greer and Diane STRAND and Alexander P. Mackie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9201, title = {Preserving Diversity, Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives on Culture Change in the Western Canadian Subarctic}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {123-125}, editor = {Sheila Greer} } @article {9604, title = {Annie Lake: A Southern Yukon Mid-Holocene Cultural Complex}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {026-042}, abstract = {

Excavations at the multi-component Annie Lake site, located south of Whitehorse, have produced evidence for at least three occupations before ca. A.D. 700. The most recent of these has been assigned to the Taye Lake Phase of the Northern Archaic Tradition, while the earliest occupation of the site, a microlithic component, is attributed to the Little Arm Phase. Between these two components a previously unrecognized Yukon point type was recovered. The deeply concave-based lanceolate Annie Lake points have been used to define the Annie Lake Complex, whose age is bracketed to ca. 4400/4900 to 2000 years ago. Based on the design of the point that marks this cultural complex, external contacts or information exchange with the Canadian Plateau and Plains regions to the south are indicated.

}, author = {Sheila C. Greer} } @Conference Paper {10917, title = {Southern Yukon Ice Patch Research 2000:Understanding the Phenomena}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {With their excellent preservational environment, southern Yukon alpine ice patches featuring ancient caribou dung are incredible sources of rare ancient hunting artifacts and paleo-ecological information for the Holocene period. Year 2000 ice patch field-work focused on establishing which of the over 70 identified patches are archaeological sites, the collection of archaeological specimens and biological samples, and the stratigraphic sampling of in-situ organic materials at reference patches. Survey for new patches and understanding the spatial distribution of the phenomenon were concerns as well.}, author = {Sheila Greer and Diane STRAND and Gregory Hare and Ruth GOTTHARDT} } @Conference Paper {10921, title = {A new approach for isolating organic residues in prehistoric pottery, and implications for the study of agricultural and herding practices originating}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {This paper presents molecular and isotopic evidence of subsistence practices from 8 early agricultural villages and herding encampments in the Middle East. Absorbed organic residues were extracted from archaeological pottery fragments through use of a microwave-assisted liquid chromatography protocol initially developed for the isolation and concentration of free fatty acids in marine sediments. Isotopic analyses of C 16:0 and C 18:0 fatty acids surviving in these fragments has revealed ∂13C ratios consistent with those of modern fats of wild boar and domesticated sheep and goats pastured in the southern Levant and central Anatolia.}, author = {Michael W. Gregg} } @Conference Paper {10922, title = {Non-Disturbance Archaeology is OK, Too}, year = {1989}, address = {Fredericton}, abstract = {Most archaeological activity in Ontario is performed by amateurs employing non-disturbance techniques. They are recording valuable data without excavating (destroying) sites. However, their work is equally important for it is they who are documenting the resource and preserving it, in situ, for future generations. The professional marine archaeological community in Ontario (indeed across Canada) is small and they could never hope to interpret the many thousands of marine sites without the assistance of the sport diving community working through avocational or marine heritage conservation organizations. This paper will relate the efforts of amateurs with Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS) in protecting and documenting marine sites (without the need for conservation) so that professionals may interpret sea-faring activities in past centuries.}, author = {Gregory, Fred} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12175, title = {Food Production in Native North America: An Archaeological Perspective}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {104-107}, editor = {Lindi J. Masur} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9061, title = {Projectile Point Sequences in Northwestern North America}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {115-118}, editor = {Colin Grier} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9161, title = {Hunter-Gatherers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {125-130}, editor = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10925, title = {Bowhead Whaling and the Thule Eskimo Intrasite Structure: A Spatial Approach}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Recent attempts to model hunter-gatherer intrasite organization have stressed the correla tion between physical distance and relative level of interaction, that is, {\textquoteright}social distance. {\textquoteright} Since labour cooperation increases interaction, differences in the level of cooperation for subsistence tasks are expected to be reflected in the spatial organization of residential sites. Four spatial dimensions (habitation density, degree of site structure, site integration, and nearest neighbour distances) were examined for 18 Classic Thule Eskimo sites in the central Canadian Arctic. The 18 sites were grouped into three zones according to bowhead whale abundance, and thus the probable importance of the bowhead whale in the Thule diet at the respective sites. Expectations for the four spatial variables were then generated on the premise that the greater importance of bowhead whales in the diet, the greater the level of cooperation, and thus the closer the {\textquoteright}social distance.{\textquoteright} Results indicate that there are interpretable differences in the spatial organization of sites from the three zones. These differences will be discussed in relation to the importance of bowhead whaling in Thule diet, labour cooperation, and {\textquoteright}social distance.{\textquoteright} It is concluded that these factors must be considered in models for Classic Thule intrasite spatial organization.}, author = {Colin Grier and James M. Savelle} } @article {9607, title = {Landscape Construction, Ownership and Social Change in the Southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {211-249}, abstract = {

In this study, I describe the natural and anthropogenic elements of coastal spits, a group of landforms in the Southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia that has been the focus of human settlement over the last 5,000 years. Drawing on geomorphological and archaeological data, I outline how anthropogenic constructions, monumentality and human intention articulated in the production of ownership systems and social inequalities in the Coast Salish world during the later Holocene.

}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10924, title = {Event and Process in the Life of a Marpole-age Plankhouse at Dionisio Point}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The archaeological record is a record of both significant events and (often redundant) processes. This paper considers the role of both of these phenomena in the cumulative record of household activities in a Marpole-age plankhouse at Dionisio Point on the southern B.C. coast. Radiocarbon dating, artifact caches, and material culture distributions are considered in constructing an appropriate conceptual approach to thinking about scales of time, the relationship between events, and modes of practice in the house and household. The objective of this approach is to see the house and household as process rather than reified institution.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @article {9608, title = {Assessing Sea Level Changes in the Southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia Using Archaeological Data from Coastal Spit Locations}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {254-280}, abstract = {

An understanding of sea level change is critical for modelling past settlement on the Northwest Coast. While the complex relationship between land and sea has been documented for the Late Glacial and immediate post-glacial period in the Strait of Georgia, limited data exist to characterize more recent changes. Here, a relative sea level model generated for the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve by Fedje et al. (2009) is evaluated with archaeological data from two coastal spit sites in the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia. Data accord well with the roughly 1.5 meters of sea level rise Fedje et al. posit for the last four millennia. However, sea level change, while substantial over the long term, appears more gradual than punctuated. Moreover, the role of coastal landform development and archaeological site formation processes must be considered to adequately establish relative sea levels changes and how these relate to past human activity in the southern Gulf Islands.

}, author = {Colin Grier and Patrick Dolan and Kelly Derr and McLay, Eric} } @Conference Paper {10923, title = {Long Term Perspectives for Long Standing Problems: Scales of Analysis in the Prehistoric Gulf of Georgia}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {Culture history construction, while a necessary archaeological enterprise, is essentially a classificatory device that requires a reductionist approach to data and explanation. Thus, the key to conceptualizing and explaining trajectories of change in Northwest Coast prehistory does not lie solely in developing increasingly specific and localized culture histories, but rather in articulating how various scales of temporal and spatial analysis mesh within an overall problem framework that stipulates variables and processes critical for explaining economic, social, and political developments. In this paper, I illustrate this perspective by conceptualizing problems in Gulf of Georgia prehistory at four separate analytical scales - the region, the sub-region, the village, and the household.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @article {9605, title = {The Organization of Production in Prehistoric Thule Whaling Societies of the Central Canadian Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {011-028}, abstract = {

This paper is an investigation of the organization of production that characterized prehistoric Thule Eskimo whaling societies of the central Canadian Arctic during the Classic Period (1150-1450AD). The distribution of whaling-related artifacts among houses at seven large prehistoric Thule winter sites in the central Canadian Arctic is examined. Results of a sample size-richness simulation and examination of artifact co-occurrences indicate that whaling-related items are differentially distributed among houses. The structure of the distribution indicates that a division of labour for whaling, similar in certain respects to that described for ethnographic North Alaskan whaling crews, may have operated in prehistoric Thule whaling societies. Recent discussions of social inequality in Eskimo whaling societies have focused on the whaling crew, considering the potential for its hierarchical relations of production to have formed the basis for social and material inequity. Results of the artifact analyses are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of social inequality and hierarchies in prehistoric Thule whaling societies of the Canadian Arctic.

}, author = {Colin Grier} } @article {9606, title = {Which Way Forward?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {134-139}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10927, title = {Household Organization and Integration on the central Northwest Coast / Organisation de la communaut{\'e} domestique et int{\'e}gration sur la c}, year = {1997}, address = {Saskatoon}, abstract = {In his work among the Kekchi Maya of Belize, Richard Wilk suggested that household integration could be measured along a scale that ranged from {\textquoteright}loose{\textquoteright} to {\textquoteright}tight{\textquoteright} based on the degree to which households collectively participated in the processes of subsistence production, storage, food preparation and consumption, and transmission of household rights, titles, and capital. Since material correlates can be posited for these different processes, this approach has potential for examining prehistoric household integration with archaeological data. In this paper, the architectural organization and hearth patterning of houses from primarily the central Northwest Coast are examined in order to assess the way in which, and the variability in which, these households were integrated. These data suggest that families within houses, despite being under one roof, were only loosely integrated in many respects, a picture that is consistent with Suttles recent analysis of ethnographic Salish shed-roof houses. Transmission of rights of access to resources appears to have been a primary integrating phenomenon in an otherwise relatively loosely-structured household economy. These observations provide a basis for developing archaeological models for prehistoric central Coast household economic and political organization.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10926, title = {Inequality, Complexity, and the Notion of a Gulf of Georgia Developmental Trajectory}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {Thirty years ago Don Mitchell made a case for the distinctiveness of the cultural and natural characteristics of the Gulf of Georgia region. Since then, new research questions have been addressed and additional data gathered, providing fresh perspectives on Mitchell{\textquoteright}s original conclusions. In particular, a variety of models have been presented to explain the development of a pan-coastal and ethnographically-based cultural pattern{\textendash} the {\textquoteright}Developed Northwest Coast Pattern{\textquoteright}. This paper draws upon recent theoretical and empirical observations in order to assess the evidence for a specifically Gulf of Georgia developmental trajectory. Is it appropriate to view the Gulf of Georgia region as having a unique trajectory that requires its own explanations, or, are Gulf of Georgia developments explainable as a local expression of the development of coastal cultures as a whole? This question is examined in light of current research on Northwest Coast complexity, inequality, and household evolution.}, author = {Colin Grier} } @Conference Paper {10928, title = {Whole Vessel Types and Their Implications for Iroquoian Ceramic Analysis}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Among the 185 reconstructed pots from the Ball Site (BdGv-3) there are sets of vessels that exhibit standardization of rim and body decoration, form and paste. Similar and even identical vessels are present at other Huron sites such as Molson, Auger and Warminster. The differentiation between these sets of vessels is based on both intuition and statistical analysis. This data leads to the speculation that emic, whole vessel types existed for the Huron, which requires a reassessment of rimsherd analysis.}, author = {Gromoff, Nick} } @Conference Paper {10929, title = {Ritualisation of Space in Hunter-Gatherer Settlements and Its Consequences For Archaeological Interpretations}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {An important factor in the analysis of Mesolithic settlement organisation is the appearance of repeated and characteristic distribution patterns in the small objects. Such patterns are often easier to distinguish than to interpret in terms of cultural behaviour. Meanwhile the interpretation is essential if the analysis shall lead to more meaningful results than a categorisation of sites based on morphological elements. The paper presents the results of the Ethnoarchaeological investigations Oleg Kuznetsov and I have carried out among the Evenkian reindeer-hunters of the Northern Transbaikal, Siberia, who still live in accordance with their old religion. The Evenks are forest hunters. The focus is on site-formation with an important point being the understanding of the processes that lead to the formation of repeated patterns on the settlements. The investigations are carried out as a combination of interviews and excavations of recent settlements, so that the information obtained in the interviews can be checked by field observations and vice versa. We have obtained information on dwelling and settlement organisation, cleaning and maintenance of the sites, handling of different categories of waste, difference between sites from different seasons etc. One preliminary conclusion is that cleaning, ritual behaviour and cosmos concepts have a strong impact on the deposition of items on the sites. Another is that small objects found inside the Evenkian dwellings seem to have been exposed to minimal intentional redepositioning and therefore may be used to distinguish regular activity areas.}, author = {Gron, Ole} } @Conference Paper {10930, title = {Handaxe Manufacture Sequences from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Stone tools are typically represented by a photograph or drawing and measurements of length, width and thickness. However, lithic artifacts are also a record of knapping sequences, representing the specific mental processes that result in the object{\textquoteright}s final form. Refitting is one way of examining past decisions, but in cases where refitting is not possible, flake scars can provide evidence of past actions. Using a collection of handaxes from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa, this paper examines how flake scars can be used to describe a handaxe in terms of the series of actions that created it, constructing schematic representations that link process and final shape, quantifying the human action in tool production and providing information about past mental processes.}, author = {Dyan Laskin Grossman} } @Conference Paper {10931, title = {Faunal Remains from Dust Cave}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Test excavations at Dust Cave, in Northwest Alabarna, have revealed 4 m of deposits that date to the Early (10,500-8,000 B.P.) and Middle (8,000-6,000 B.P.) Holocene. One of the unique features of these deposits is that, for these periods, they contain the largest faunal collections recovered from the Middle Tennessee Valley. The collection has been studied, not; only to provide an analysis of the faunal rernains, but also to shed additional light on the cultural changes that occurred between the Early and Middle Holocene.}, author = {Grover, Jennifer} } @Conference Paper {10934, title = {The Early Coastal Entry Model. An Update}, year = {1994}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {The early coastal entry model continues to be a viable alternative to the interior ice-free corridor route for the initial settlement of the New World. A review of early archaeological sites distributed along the west coasts of both of the Americas indicates that there were populations with a littoral adaptation well established on both continents by at least 10,500 years ago. Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites in northeast Honshu may represent an ancestral population pool for early coastal movements along the Pacific rim. Paleoenvironmental evidence for marked sea level changes on the northwest coast of North America indicates why Pleistocene coastal archaeological sites are so unlikely to be discovered. The most concrete evidence for a coastal route of initial entry remains linguistic: the comparatively high degree of language diversification on the west coast.}, author = {Ruth Gruhn} } @Conference Paper {10933, title = {Two Preceramic Sites in the Highlands of Guatemala}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {Test excavations were carried out in 1969 and 1972 at two small sites each located in open meadows within a cloud forest on a mountain ridge at about 10,000 feet elevation. A quantity of flakes and a small number of artifacts including scrapers, retouched flakes, and a small biface but no projectile points were recovered from weathered colluvial deposits. At one site, La Piedra del Coyote, the lithic assemblage underlies a horizon of Late Classic pottery. At the other site, Los Tapiales, the lithic assemblage has been dated at 7550 +/- 150 years B.P. (Gak-2769).}, author = {Ruth Gruhn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11939, title = {The Frozen Saqqaq Sites of Disko Bay, West Greenland, Qeqertasussuk and Qajaa (2400{\textendash}900 BC): Studies of Saqqaq Material Culture in an Eastern Arctic Perspective}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {274-276}, editor = {Lesley Howse} } @article {13480, title = {The Excavation of a Stone Cairn Cache in Southern Saskatchewan}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {179-193}, abstract = {

In 2018, a stone cairn was discovered on a prominent hilltop in the Missouri Coteau in southern Saskatchewan, not an uncommon discovery. Due to potential impacts from development, a salvage excavation commenced which included the excavation of the entire stone cairn structure and additional subsurface testing in the immediate area. A preliminary interpretation for the stone cairn was its functional use as a navigational marker; however, the initial interpretation was retracted upon the discovery of a cache cavity within the unexpectedly large structure of the stone cairn. Had the excavation not occurred, the stone cairn may have been misinterpreted; this is a common issue at stone cairn sites across the northern Plains.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.179}, author = {Eliann Guinan and Michael Markowski} } @article {9609, title = {Iroquoian Pottery at Lake Abitibi: A Case Study of the Relationship Between Hurons and Algonkians on the Canadian Shield}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {65-91}, abstract = {

This work sheds new light on the problems of interpreting the historical and cultural aspects of Iroquoian-like pottery in the Canadian Shield. Within this region, the Lake Abitibi case is unusual because the archaeological sites of the area exhibit an unusually high frequency of Iroquoian-like ceramic vessels compared to other areas of the Shield. For this reason, it has attracted the attention of archaeologists since research began in the Abitibi area in the 1950s. A corpus of 143 vessel equivalents, all relating to the Ontario Iroquois Tradition and coming from six sites plus one private collection from Lake Abitibi were analysed in the course of this research. The main result of this work as well as its implication for the understanding of the nature of this ceramic manifestation at Lake Abitibi, and the development of the possible relationship between the Algonkians of the area and the Iroquoians of southern Ontario are presented in this paper.

}, author = {Fran{\c c}ois Guindon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9006, title = {Community-Based Archaeology: Research with, by and for Indigenous and Local Communities}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {338-340}, editor = {Fran{\c c}ois Guindon} } @Conference Paper {10935, title = {Potsherds of the Ontario Iroquois Tradition at Lake Abitibi, Northwestern Quebec}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Iroquoian pottery exhibits an unusually high frequency at Lake Abitibi sites compared to other sites of the Canadian Shield. For this reason, it has attracted the attention of archaeologists since research began in the Abitibi area in the 1970s. A corpus of 143 vessel equivalents, all attributable to the Ontario Iroquois Tradition, and coming from six sites and one private collection were analysed in the course of my master{\textquoteright}s thesis research. The main results of this work as well as what it implies on the relations through time between the Ontario Iroquoian and the Lake Abitibi Algonquian people are presented.}, author = {Fran{\c c}ois Guindon} } @Conference Paper {10937, title = {Thule Epimetallurgy and the Consequences of Elizabethan Contact}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {One of the problems with researching the nature of early culture contact between Thule Inuit and Europeans is the slight material evidence, particularly of metal artifacts which seldom survive in archaeological sites. Their relative absence archaeologically gives the false impression that metal use was peripheral to Thule adaptation when, in fact, metal was highly valued. Metal, in the form of iron extracted from meteors and native copper ore, was widely used throughout the Arctic prior to European contact. The principal evidence for Thule epimetallurgy (the use, but not the production of metal) comes from blade slot widths in the surviving tool handles. These slots are characteristically thinner than those which held stone blades. Allen McCartney has suggested that Thule metal use accelerated after 1600 due to the {\textquoteright}great influx{\textquoteright} of metal from European contact. Based on the analysis of bladed tools from prehistoric and early historic Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, I quantify the chronological patterning of Thule Inuit metal use and suggest that prehistoric Inuit use of metal was far greater than previously thought and that during Elizabethan (16th century) contact and shortly afterwards, less metal was used by the Inuit of Frobisher Bay than in the prehistoric era. In Frobisher Bay, it appears that there was no significant increase in metal use until the late 19th/early 20th century. This finding has important consequences for our conceptions about {\textquoteright}first contacts{\textquoteright}.}, author = {Gullason, Lynda} } @Conference Paper {10936, title = {Engendering Interaction: The Thule Inuit Gender System and European Contact in Southeast Baffin Island}, year = {2002}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {This paper explores the role that gender plays in cross-cultural contact. A model of the Thule Inuit gender system in the eastern Canadian Arctic was derived from ethnographic sources. These sources indicate that Inuit gender relations were largely egalitarian and complementary. This suggests two interrelated behavioral expectations with respect to European interaction: 1.) equal access to European goods and materials by Inuit men and women; and 2.) differential use of European goods by gender will relate to the types of tasks which each gender engaged in and the social roles they held, rather than to a gender hierarchy. The model was tested with archaeological and ethnohistorical data relating to three periods of contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island: 16th-century exploration and mining, 19th-century commercial whaling and early 20th-century commercial fur trapping.}, author = {Gullason, Lynda} } @Conference Paper {10938, title = {Prehistory of Greenland}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Presentation of Greenland{\textquoteright}s prehistory from 2500 BC to 1900 AD based on the first complete publication in Danish from 2004, second printing 2005 and in Greenlandic 2006.}, author = {Gullov, Hans Christian} } @Symposium Papers {10976, title = {The Manis Mastodon Site: Early Man on the Olympic Peninsula}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {157-164}, abstract = {The Manis site on the northern Olympic Peninsula near Sequim, Washington, has yielded evidence that a mastodon was butchered there approximately 12,000 years ago. A bone {\textquoteright}projectile point{\textquoteright} embedded in a mastodon rib and other artifacts made of bone and tusk have been recovered. A single cobble spall tool is the only distinguishable stone artifact associated with the mastodon bones. By 12,000 years ago, coniferous forests had not yet invaded the northern Olympic Peninsula, and shrub-tundra vegetation characterized the region. Evidence of later occupation at the site is provided by a leaf-shaped, basalt {\textquoteright}Olcott{\textquoteright} point found directly above a layer of volcanic ash derived from Mt. Mazama.}, author = {Carl E. Gustafson and Richard Daugherty and Delbert W. Gilbow} } @Conference Paper {10939, title = {Only in Alberta: Ancient and Modern Intensive Resource Procurement at the Bodo Bison Skulls Site}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {When people think of Alberta{\textquoteright}s past, they think of bison kills. When they think of Alberta now, they think of oil wells. A huge bison kill site and an intensive petroleum recovery operation coexist in a stabilized sand dune locality on the northeast edge of the Neutral Hills, south of Provost, Alberta. When the Bodo Bison Skulls Site was discovered in 1995, in the middle of the oilfield operation, assessment indicated that the site remains were perhaps 1000 years old, representing short term but extensive bison impoundment activities. Renewed drilling and pipeline trenching in the spring of 2000 required additional assessment and considerable excavation. Intensified reconnaissance of the locality has expanded the size of the site to at least 140 hectares, with extensive deposits of butchered bison bone appearing throughout the site area. In one abandoned wellpad locality, a 2 x 2 m excavation revealed a 50 cm thick midden of discarded bison bone, complete with preserved hair and at least 50 projectile points. Fifty metres away a 5 x 5 m excavation revealed an intact living floor with hearths, pottery clusters and ochre stains, suggesting one or more residences. This pattern of intensive carcass processing and adjacent camping activity appears to occur repeatedly across more than a kilometre of rolling stabilized sand dune terrain. The presence of intensive industrial oilfield activity on the site presents both perils and opportunities for archaeology. Past drilling and trenching has disturbed significant portions of the site, yet careful management of future development and a pledge of preservation as an operating principle by the developer should minimize any future site impact. Furthermore, academic interest in this site is growing, and with developer assistance the time may not be far off when Alberta can boast of another major interpreted archaeological site within its borders.}, author = {Gibson Terrance H.} } @Conference Paper {10940, title = {Artifact Distribution Studies at the Ball Site, Orillia, Ontario}, year = {1993}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {Recent excavations have demonstrated that the Ball Site, an early 17th century Huron village, had two construction periods. It is hypothesized that there is a temporal as well as a cultural difference between these two periods. This paper looks at the artifacts from both parts of the village in an attempt to explain the temporal and/or cultural differences. Three major artifactual categories are used: ceramics, pipes and trade goods. The actual settlement pattern is utilized as a control. mechanism.}, author = {Knight Dean H. and Allison Bain} } @Conference Paper {10941, title = {The Archaeology of the Pigeon Mountain Basin, Ningxia: Implications for the Paleolithic-Neolithic Transition in North China}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {The Sino-American cooperative research group was created to investigate the transitional adaptation of arid-land hunter-gatherers from Later Paleolithic to Early Neolithic in northern China, and establish a firm chronology for these changes. Toward that end, the group conducted exploratory archaeological research in the Pigeon Mountain basin, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Our research generally supports the predictions of a model of indigenous cultural development involving rapid technological elaboration and innovation in the production and use of chipped stone tools, and perhaps, ground stone associated with environmental change immediately before, during and immediately after the Younger Dryas interval. Moreover, we provide the first firm dates and chronological framework for these changes. At 12.7ka, microblades struck from boat-shaped and wedge-shaped pebble cores were in use, seed grinding tools were apparently present by 11.6ka, and retouched microblades were in use by 10.2ka. Our work contributes to the ability to recognize tool types and sets of tools diagnostic of the transitional period in Northern China.}, author = {Ha, Yan} } @Conference Paper {10942, title = {Archaeological Overview Assessments (AOAs): An evolving process for managing cultural resources in Forest Management}, year = {1998}, address = {Victoria}, abstract = {AOA projects are initiated by the Forest sector and large scale Provincial strategic planning. AOAs are used as {\textquoteright}management tools{\textquoteright} to direct us towards further archaeological studies such as inventory studies, CMT inventories or impact assessments. One of the problems with the current practice of conducting AOA mapping in the province is that it is usually based on archaeological predictive modelling and was never intended to constitute the final product. The challenge confronting us is how to incorporate new information derived from other archaeological studies into the AOA mapping process and how to ensure Ministry of Forests (MoF) and forest companies can use this information to inform their management decisions. Currently Archaeological Impact Assessments (AIAs) are being conducted throughout the Province at an accelerated rate primarily because of the Forest Practices Code and amended Heritage Conservation Act, but no work is being done to incorporate the results of AIAs (both positive and negative) into existing AOAs. Any attempt to resolve this dilemma must balance the theoretical requirements of potential mapping refinement with higher level planning and the day to day needs of both archaeologists and forest managers. A proposed solution must be both practical from a management perspective while still providing accurate and useful data. One such solution proposed is a provincial tracking system to identify archaeological findings based on the AIA and inventory work that is generated as the result of these studies. Such a tracking system has advantages and disadvantages when examined in regard to province wide implementation. Any potential solution must be judged in light of its intrinsic applicability to the issue of potential mapping veracity and the current conditions affecting forest and cultural resource management in BC.}, author = {HADWAY, Sharon and Mary-Pat MATHERS and Rick HOWARD and Heather Moon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9166, title = {A Site Catchment Analysis of the Little Qualicum River Site, DiSc{\textendash}1: A Wet Site on the East Coast of Vancouver Island, B.C.}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {091-093}, editor = {James C. Haggarty} } @Conference Paper {10944, title = {Threat or Opportunity? The Hesquiat Experience}, year = {1973}, address = {Burnaby}, abstract = {It is clear that many Indian people and their organizations are becoming more and more interested in all matters that directly concern them. Anthropology is no exception. What is becoming even more clear is the onus of responsibility on anthropologists to interact with and to engage Indian people in various aspects of their research projects. Anthropologists also have, of course, a responsibility to their discipline. These two responsibilities, perhaps among others, are judged by some researchers to be incompatible. Indeed, some view the recent developments that comprise the Hesquiat project as a threat to the very nature of scientific inquiry. The primary purpose of this paper will be to demonstrate on the basis of the Hesquiat experience that these recent developments are more an opportunity than a threat and that the two primary responsibilities of anthropologists, to the people with whom they work and to their discipline, are very compatible.}, author = {James C. Haggerty} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9155, title = {Archaeology and the Social History of Ships}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {176-178}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @article {9610, title = {The Point of Popularity: A Summary of 10,000 years of Human Activity at the Princess Point Promontory, Cootes Paradise Marsh, Hamilton, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {232-257}, abstract = {

The Princess Point promontory at Cootes Paradise, Hamilton, Ontario has a long, rich history of human activity.\ This paper provides a synopsis of the archaeological work conducted on Princess Point, and summarizes the history of human activity on the promontory. The Princess Point site was discovered on the promontory in the 1960s by archaeologists from McMaster University. Excavations were conducted by McMaster in the late 1960s, and by the University of Toronto, Mississauga since 2000. These excavations demonstrate that Princess Point was used by native peoples from Early Archaic times (8000\–6000 B.C.) through to the end of the Woodland period at A.D. 1650. The most intense occupation occurred during the Early Late Woodland period (A.D. 500\–1000) by people of the Princess Point Complex. Euro-Canadians began using Princess Point during the late eighteenth century.\ In the twentieth century, the promontory was incorporated into the Royal Botanical Gardens.

}, author = {Helen R. Haines and David G. Smith and David Galbraith and Theysmeyer, Tys} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9417, title = {Human Sacrifice, Militarism, and Rulership: Materialization of State Ideology at the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, Teotihuacan}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {312-315}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9337, title = {Sampling in Archaeology}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {229-232}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @Conference Paper {10945, title = {The Point of Popularity: A Summary of Human Activity at the Princess Point Promontory, Cootes Paradise, Hamilton}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {Located on the south shore of Cootes Paradise the Princess Point promontory is ideally situated to attract human activity. Starting in the Middle Woodland period, the promontory may have served a variety of purposes. Archaeological investigations have been conducted intermittently in various locations around the promontory since the late 1960{\textquoteright}s revealing some interesting questions about the history of its use. Additionally, the Royal Botanical Gardens has conducted significant environmental research in Cootes Paradise that impacts directly on our understanding of the human activity in this area. This presentation summarizes both of these research areas with the aim of creating a framework of human activity at the site into which future, more focused studies, may be situated.}, author = {Helen R. Haines and James Sherratt and David G. Smith and David Galbraith} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9167, title = {Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {133-136}, editor = {Helen R. Haines} } @Conference Paper {10946, title = {Cobble choppers on the northwest coast: a re-examination}, year = {1981}, address = {Edmonton}, abstract = {Cobble choppers, seemingly ubiquitous stone tools found in archaeological sites all over the northwest coast of North America, were examined using a technological perspective combining attribute analysis with gross use-wear analysis. This analysis of material from the Crescent Beach site led to the development of two hypothetical models: 1) a manufacture/use/maintenance system and 2) a curation model. Both of these models suggest that cobble choppers have a long and complex use-life possibly involving shifts in form and function through a predetermined sequence. This paper outlines the two models and discusses some of their implications.}, author = {Haley, S.} } @Conference Paper {10948, title = {Investigating Household Spatial Organization: Faunal and Artifact Distributions in House K, McNichol Creek Site, British Columbia}, year = {2000}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Household archaeology has been a major focus at the McNichol Creek site in Prince Rupert harbour since 1990. This prehistoric village dating to approximately 1500 BP is believed to have expressed all the salient features of the Developed Northwest Coast Pattern including pronounced social inequality and hereditary wealth and rank. Several research goals at the McNichol Creek village have focussed exclusively on deciphering such features, on both interhouse and intrahouse levels. This paper focuses on interhouse aspects; specifically, the spatial organization of artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the excavation of house K during the summer of 1999. This evidence may provide information on social inequality and rank, as well as the economic status of the household in general.}, author = {T. J. Hall} } @Conference Paper {10947, title = {Methods of Monitoring Thermal and Moisture Conditions Affecting Pictograms and Rock Art}, year = {2005}, address = {Nanaimo}, abstract = {This paper describes the use of micro-transducers, infrared sensors and means to measure moisture content and chemistry in rock and building materials. It is described how these data relate to new findings regarding weathering processes that can affect these historic records.}, author = {Hall, Kevin} } @Conference Paper {10949, title = {Inuksuit}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Among the important instruments created by the first known people to inhabit the Arctic are stone figures called inuksuit. The meaning of the word inuksuk, {\textquoteright}to act in the capacity of a human,{\textquoteright} is an extension of the word Inuk which means {\textquoteright}hurnan being.{\textquoteright} We know that many inuksuit functioned as hunting instruments, navigational aids and message centres along with a number of other functions related to earthly activities. In addition, however, certain inuksuit were objects of veneration. They compelled humans to build them, out of fear, love, loneliness and, more importantly, they marked the thresholds of the spiritual landscape. They too were made of stone.}, author = {Hallendy, Norm} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9063, title = {Indian Art Traditions of the Northwest Coast}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {178-180}, editor = {Marjorie Halpin} } @Conference Paper {10951, title = {Methods Applied to Palaeo Sites in the Boreal Forest: An Evaluation of the Simmonds Site}, year = {1992}, address = {London}, abstract = {Recovery and some analysis techniques applied in 1973 and in 1991 during the excavation of a single component Palaeo-Indian site in northwestern Ontario are compared. The earlier investigations on the site by a local university concentrated their efforts along a washed-out area. Nine two by two metre units were excavated in five centimetre levels and screened dirough 1/4 inch mesh. For the purpose of cultural resource management, the site was reinvestigated in 1991. These new investigations followed a north-south transect utilizing a five by six metre block of one by one metre units excavated in 3 centimetre levels. All soils were screened through 1/8 inch mesh. Methods discussed incorporate grid layout, provenance, analysis, etc. Are we placing too much emphasis on using complex and complicated techniques when more elementary ones will do?}, author = {Halverson, C.} } @Conference Paper {10950, title = {PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE BOREAL FOREST}, year = {1991}, address = {St.John{\textquoteright}s}, abstract = {Public archaeology in the Boreal Forest is striving to prove that good archaeological method and theory can be achieved in a public setting. Indications to date suggest that archaeology in the future will be an integral part of education and tourism.}, author = {Halverson, Colken} } @Conference Paper {10952, title = {Current Palaeoethnobotanical Research in the Maritimes: New Information from the Clam Cove Site, Nova Scotia}, year = {2006}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Recent palaeoethnobotanical research carried out at the Clam Cove site in the Minas Basin region of Nova Scotia has added new information to the study of Late Woodland hunter-gatherer groups in this area. Although this small midden site is considered to be in a marginal area, the large clam bed located near the site, and the modest compliment of plant and animal species made this location suitable as a temporary camp during lithic collection trips to Davidson{\textquoteright}s Cove, a quarry site across Scots Bay. Evidence of previously unknown species to the Clam Cove site, including beech (Fagus grandifolia), poplar (Populus sp.), strawberries (Fragaria sp.) and blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) have been recovered through flotation and charcoal analysis. This information will be compared to habitation sites in the area to gain insight into the movement of people during the Late Woodland.}, author = {Halwas, Sarah} } @article {9611, title = {The Cohoe Creek Site: A Late Moresby Tradition Shell Midden}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {199-221}, author = {Leonard C. Ham} } @Conference Paper {10953, title = {Protection of Shell Midden Deposits With Reinforced Foundation Rafts}, year = {2001}, address = {Banff}, abstract = {Although the conservation of archaeological deposits may be a goal of cultural resource management, little progress has been made in developing actual techniques for long-term preservation of deposits. This issue has been addressed over the last ten years during several projects in the Vancouver area. The basic objective has been to provide long term protection to archaeological deposits while providing viable and sound construction grades and foundations. Development of these management plans requires the archaeologist to work closely with a land surveyor, geotechnical engineer, soils scientist, structural engineer, architect or designer, and possibly other professionals. Information must be obtained on archaeological deposit elevations, integrity, drainage, pH, and density. With this data, development plans need to be minutely scrutinized for direct and potential impacts. It may be necessary to propose and facilitate implementation of project redesigns, and develop an impact management plan for submission to regulatory authorities. With a strict program of archaeological monitoring and inspection to ensure implementation of the impact management plan, it is possible to reduce impacts to intact deposits to less than 5\%. Implementation of this approach at five different sites are reviewed.}, author = {Leonard C. Ham} } @Conference Paper {10954, title = {Cost/Benefit Analysis and Deep Test Protocol based on the Minnesota Deep Test Protocol Project}, year = {2008}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {A recent study, funded by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, compared the results and costs of various methods for discovering and evaluating buried archaeological sites. These methods included remote sensing (magnetometry, resistivity, and GPR), small-diameter, solid-earth coring (GeoProbe), and backhoe trenching. This presentation compares the costs and benefits of the methods and discusses the protocol we propose for buried sites discovery and evaluation. Analysis of the data indicates that the implementation of a multi-disciplinary approach to the exploration for and evaluation of buried archaeological sites meets the goals of the investigative process in a cost effective fashion. Implementation of this protocol since its development continues to demonstrate its effectiveness.}, author = {Michael J. Hambacher and G. William Monaghan and Michael Kolb and Daniel R. Hayes and Kathryn Egan-Bruhy} } @article {9615, title = {New Solitudes: Conflicting World Views in the Context of Contemporary Northern Resource Development}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {003-018}, abstract = {

Human skeletal remains were encountered during construction of the High Falls hydro dam in northern Ontario. Salvage excavations were conducted under the authority of the Ontario Cemeteries Act with supervision by Native Elders. These Elders provided information about traditional Ojibwe spirituality, and the ongoing relationship between the living and the dead involving sacred waterfalls as one means of supernatural communication. This information greatly enriched the archaeological interpretation, but also highlighted profound cultural differences between Native people and non-Native land managers and resource developers. These differences threaten resolution of an acrimonious political and legal dispute, and identify weaknesses in current environmental assessment procedures.

}, author = {Scott Hamilton and Ron Morrisseau and Chief Theron McCrady} } @article {9614, title = {Archaeological Site Distributions and Contents: Modeling Late Precontact Blackduck Land Use in the Northeastern Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {93-136}, abstract = {

Late pre-contact Blackduck archaeological sites demonstrate considerable variability in landscape associations across their geographic range. When coupled with ethnohistoric information, a sample of sites from the prairie-parklands of southern Manitoba and the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario suggest divergent land-use strategies and economic orientations. At issue is the development of plausible models that encompass the range of factors affecting Blackduck land use, and which might account for this adaptation variability. This includes consideration of broad-ranging cultural influences, the bio-diversity of the regions considered, and the impacts of the intensely seasonal climate. Also important is the recognition that the contemporary site ecological contexts might be quite different from those that existed at the time of interest. When inter-site differences in land use and economy are considered in terms of seasonally-driven shifts in political economy, less dramatic contrasts between biomes are indicated. Rather than indicating substantive cultural transformation across the biomes, the variability reflects reworking of pre-existing socio-political conditions, coupled with new means and modes of production.

}, author = {Scott Hamilton and James Graham and B.A. Nicholson} } @article {9613, title = {The Middleman Fur Trade and Slot Knives: Selective Integration of European Technology at the Mortlach Twin Fawns Site (DiMe-23)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {137-162}, abstract = {

The Twin Fawns Site represents a Mortlach occupation within the Lauder Sandhills of southwestern Manitoba, Canada. This proto-contact site contains lithic, ceramic and faunal materials, reflecting the full range of traditional technology associated with this Late Plains Woodland archaeological entity. The only direct indication of the site\&$\#$39;s proto-contact character derives from a single radiocarbon date and a knife composed of a bison bone handle inset with a piece of brass sheet metal. No other direct evidence of European technology has been encountered. The complete lack of small, easily lost, and generally ubiquitous European trade goods is particularly noteworthy. The narrow range and careful curation of European technology offers insight into the nature of the early fur trade era, and the processes by which northern Plains Aboriginal people chose to integrate foreign technology.

}, author = {Scott Hamilton and B.A. Nicholson} } @Conference Paper {10955, title = {VICKERS FOCUS OCCUPATION OF SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA: ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION AND CULTURAL ORIGINS}, year = {1996}, address = {Halifax}, abstract = {Archaeological reconnaissance and excavation in the Lauder Sandhills of southwestern Manitoba has revealed a dense cluster of late Pre-Contact archaeological sites that can be termed culturally exotic. These sites relate to the Vickers Focus that is believed to derive from the Missouri and Mississippi River drainage basins of Minnesota, Iowa and the Dakotas. After two field seasons of reconnaissance, at least seven sites have been recorded within less than 2 square kilometres: more than tripling the former inventory of Vickers Focus sites in Manitoba. This begs the question, what environmental conditions attracted these people to the Sandhills locality, and also from what cultural milieu these people derived. Palaeo-environmental reconstructions indicate that they were attracted to a rich ecotone composed of wetlands and deciduous forest groves surrounded by mixed grass prairie. We further propose that Vickers Focus reflects a northerly expression of the late Plains Woodland Tradition, with as yet undetermined linkages to the Plains Village groups who brought sedentary horticultural village life to the eastern Plains.}, author = {Scott Hamilton and B.A. Nicholson} } @article {9612, title = {Archaeological Predictive Modelling in the Boreal Forest: No Easy Answers}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {041-076}, abstract = {

Archaeological resources in the Canadian forest regions are threatened by mechanized forest harvest and regeneration activities. Given the huge scale of forestry operations and the current inadequacy of the heritage resource inventory, conventional CRM orientations are inadequate. This has resulted in considerable interest in the application of archaeological predictive models to forest harvest planning. This paper reviews several approaches to predictive modelling, and offers \&$\#$39;cautionary tales\&$\#$39; outlining some of the problems that must be addressed before this methodology is routinely used in forest harvest planning.

}, author = {Scott Hamilton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9168, title = {The Mortlach Phase}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {373-377}, editor = {Scott Hamilton and Jill Taylor-Hollings} } @article {9616, title = {A Gendered Review of the CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION BULLETIN (1969{\textendash}1976) and THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY (1977{\textendash}1993): The First Twenty-Five Years}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {061-078}, abstract = {

The representation of female archaeologists within the Canadian Archaeological Association Bulletin (1969-1976), the Canadian Journal of Archaeology (1977-1993), and within the CJA and CAA hierarchy, is reviewed for the last twenty-five years. A critical, post-processual approach is employed to evaluate female contributions as authors, book reviewers, book reviewees, and Executive and Editorial officers within the CAA and CJA. The data are reviewed from temporal, geographical, and topical research perspectives and then compared to similar reviews conducted within North American anthropological and archaeological journals. An overall increase in female representation within the CAAB/CJA and the CAA Executive is noted through time. Definite variability in female representation is also seen from a geographical research perspective during the period under review. The topical research patterns observed in this review also appear similar to patterns identified in other North American archaeological reviews. It is suggested that this increase in female representation, most notably during the last five years (1988-1993), may be a reflection of the increased presence of female \&$\#$39;academic gate-keepers\&$\#$39; within the Canadian archaeological community.

}, author = {Martin James Handly} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9172, title = {Historical Resource Impact Assessment and Conservation Excavations at Cougar Ridge Off-Site Sewer Services}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {137-139}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9255, title = {Kalinga Ethnoarchaeology: Expanding Archaeological Method and Theory}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {165-168}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9171, title = {Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and the Consumption of the Past}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {311-315}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @article {9618, title = {The Clearwater Lake Punctate Pottery of P.G. Downes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {117-143}, abstract = {

Prentice G. Downes, an American teacher and historian/geographer, received some pottery and other artifacts from a local trapper while canoeing on Reindeer Lake in northern Saskatchewan in 1936 and 1937. In 1938, he published a brief comment on this pottery in American Antiquity, making this the first published report of what we now call Clearwater Lake Punctate Type of the Selkirk Composite. Downes\&$\#$39; information about the location of the site suggests it was found at Ochankugahe Island at the mouth of Wapus Bay, but this cannot be confirmed. Five Clearwater Lake Punctate vessels are represented in the collection. Downes\&$\#$39; pottery is used to assess the hypothesis that pottery from the Reindeer Lake area may be a regional variant of the Clearwater Lake Complex of the Selkirk Composite. The Downes collection demonstrates the research potential of small collections acquired many years ago.

}, author = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9130, title = {Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {131-134}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @article {9617, title = {Old Bones, New Reality: A Review of Issues and Guidelines Pertaining to Repatriation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {234-257}, abstract = {

In January 2003, the Kitigan Zibi asked the Canadian Museum of Civilization to repatriate several 5,000-year-old burials. This request highlighted four controversial issues pertaining to repatriation: human remains may be too old to be culturally affiliated with a modern Aboriginal community; human remains are valuable repositories of information about ancient populations and must be kept for future analysis; repatriation may render museums unable to keep collections; and First Nations may eventually repent of having reburied their past. These reasons are reviewed with reference to guidelines and recommendations of several national and international bodies. Although these are valid issues, they are insufficient to refuse requests for repatriation. Rather than defending entrenched positions, archaeologists should enter into negotiations that recognize and address underlying issues and concerns held by both archaeologists and First Nations.

}, author = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9253, title = {Archaeology as a Tool of Civic Engagement}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {269-271}, editor = {Margaret G. Hanna} } @article {9619, title = {Subsistence During the Late Prehistoric Occupation of Pender Canal, British Columbia (DeRt{\textendash}1)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {029-048}, abstract = {

Faunal remains from a Pender Canal Site (DeRt-1) on Pender Island in southwestern British Columbia were analyzed for subsistence information from the Developed Coast Salish component of the site. Deer and canids were the primary mammals identified while sea mammals made only a minor contribution to the assemblage. Birds were not common and consisted mostly of ducks. Fishes were the most numerous vertebrate, particularly herring and sea perches. There was a shift from mussels and urchins to the larger clams in later strata. Recovery methods were shown to affect the interpretations about subsistence at this site.

}, author = {Diane K. Hanson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9174, title = {After Captain Cook: The Archaeology of the Recent Indigenous Past in Australia}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {124-126} } @inbook {11022, title = {Heritage Sites Research, Traditional Knowledge and Training}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {15-27}, abstract = {This paper is an overview of two interrelated projects, the Tuktoyaktuk Traditional Knowledge Project and the Heritage Resources Training Program. The objectives of the Traditional Knowledge Project were to first determine the location and nature of heritage sites important to the Inuvialuit so heritage managers can better assess the impacts of oil development on those resources, and secondly to learn about aspects of traditional life for use in archaeological interpretations. Traditional knowledge research allows people from communities to contribute directly to archaeological knowledge. The Heritage Resources Training Program served as a vehicle to develop and test training methods to provide people from communities with some of the basic skills and information needed to conduct this type of research.}, author = {Elisa J. Hart}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9024, title = {Maize: Origin, Domestication, and Its Role in the Development of Culture}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {346-348}, editor = {John P. Hart} } @Symposium Papers {10979, title = {Preliminary interpretations of the investigations at the Cherry Point site (DkMe{\textendash}10), a stratified Archaic site in southwest Manitoba}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {210-221}, author = {James~K.~Haug} } @article {12922, title = {What Lies Beneath the Surface: A Ceramic Technology Approach to Iroquoian Pottery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {202-229}, abstract = {

High collared pottery rim sherds from sites designated as Huron-Wendat and St. Lawrence Iroquoian are analysed using a community of practice approach. Using several analytical methods on the same ceramic sherds, we aimed to determine the technological choices made by potters. We focused specifically on clay selection, temper selection and processing, preparation of the clay body and formation of the rim. Our findings demonstrate that for each step in the production process there are a range of practices represented within the study region. However, comparison with adjacent areas and earlier periods shows that there is consistency in technological choices that are specific to our study area. We argue that this is consistent with connections between the pottery making traditions in the Simcoe Uplands in Ontario and the St. Lawrence Valley areas. As traditions were maintained by people, so we envision connected communities across the study area.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.202}, author = {Alicia L. Hawkins and Gregory V. Braun and Amy St. John and Louis Lesage and Joseph A. Petrus} } @article {11538, title = {Sampling and Subsampling at the Allandale Site: An Evaluation of the Standards of Practice of Zooarchaeology in Compliance Archaeology in Ontario}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {308-329}, abstract = {The Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists in Ontario (Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture 2011) provide instructions for the scope of specialist analyses, such as zooarchaeology and palaeobotany. This article compares the results of analysis of a subsample of faunal specimens carried out prior to the implementation of the Standards and Guidelines, but generally conforming to them, with results from analysis of all recovered faunal specimens from the same site. It shows that the nature of the sample analyzed affects interpretations about seasonality, processing, and environments used by the site inhabitants. Results suggest that the standards and guidelines for zooarchaeological analysis should be improved by 1) providing better direction about how assemblages should be sampled, 2) outlining requirements for identification tools and qualifications of analysts, and 3)~including more detailed reporting standards regarding analytical decisions. Other jurisdictions that require artifact analysis as a part of cultural resource management should include similar guidelines if results are to be used for site specific interpretation or region summaries.}, author = {Alicia L. Hawkins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9022, title = {The Mantle Site: An Archaeological History of an Ancestral Wendat Community}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {145-147}, editor = {Alicia L. Hawkins} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9177, title = {Functional Competition and Political Development in the New World}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {168-170}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9181, title = {Status, Structure and Stratification: Current Archaeological Reconstructions}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {213-215}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9176, title = {The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {089-090}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9185, title = {Belief in the Past: Theoretical Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {300-303}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9180, title = {World Rock Art}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {135-136}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9184, title = {The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {080-082}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9179, title = {Hawaiki, Ancestral Polynesia: An Essay in Historical Anthropology}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {240-242}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9183, title = {Eastern Paleoindian Lithic Resource Use}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {234-236}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @article {9621, title = {The Rise and Fall of Complex Large Villages on the British Columbian Plateau: A Geoarchaeological Controversy}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {281-296}, abstract = {

In a series of publications, Prentiss et al. (2003, 2005, 2007, 2008) have argued for a very late, abrupt, and brief emergence of large villages and large corporate residences in the mid-Fraser region of British Columbia (\ 1600\–800 cal B.P.) and an even later abrupt emergence of socioeconomic complexity (\ 1200\–800 cal B.P.). They postulate that climatic changes were responsible for both of these events as well as the collapse of the large villages. We question their interpretations on several grounds including: inappropriate methods for dating these developments; data from Keatley Creek indicating a longer developmental trajectory; incomplete interpretation of paleoclimate trends for the region; and internal contradictions in their own climate-driven explanations for changes. The combined evidence of geochronology and paleoecology (some not previously considered) together with archaeological evidence favors an interpretation of earlier emergence of large villages and socioeconomic complexity than suggested by Prentiss et al. (2003, 2005, 2007, 2008).

}, author = {Brian Hayden and Rolf Mathewes} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9178, title = {Foundations of Social Archaeology: Selected Writings of V. Gordon Childe}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {316-317}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9182, title = {Material Culture and Sacred Landscape: The Anthropology of the Siberian Khanty}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {378-382}, editor = {Brian Hayden} } @article {9620, title = {Bigger is Better?: Factors Determining Ontario Iroquois Site Sizes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {107-116}, abstract = {

Because so many other aspects of culture are closely related to community size, it is important to understand what determines community sizes. Yet this problem has been generally ignored in the literature, with archaeologists and ethnographers alike appearing to adhere to some form of \&$\#$39;instinctual gregarious\&$\#$39; model of human grouping behavior. This assumption is shown to be unreasonable on economic, administrative, and medical grounds. Instead, it is argued that the most adaptive community sizes under most circumstances are the smallest possible sizes. What then accounts for unusually large settlements such as found in Late Ontario Iroquoian times with over 1,000 persons? The two most likely explanations are: defense and monopolistic trade, with most empirical support and explanatory power accruing to the trade model.

}, author = {Brian Hayden} } @article {9622, title = {Comments on "A Possible Fluteplayer Picotgraph Site Near Exshaw, Alberta"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {197-198}, author = {Kelley Hays-Gilpin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12547, title = {Kw{\"a}d{\k a}y D{\"a}n Ts{\textquoteright}{\`\i}nchi: Teachings from Long Ago Person Found}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {253-255}, editor = {Martin Magne} } @Symposium Papers {10959, title = {A technique for predicting archaeological resource distribution and density in Southeastern Manitoba: A case study in research, planning and design}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {122-132}, author = {Andrea~J.~Heintzelman} } @article {9624, title = {Early Palaeo-Eskimo Skeletal Remains from North Devon Island, High Arctic Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {127-143}, abstract = {

The skeleton of a premature human infant was recovered from the Rocky Point site (QkHn-27), North Devon Island, Northwest Territories. The Early Palaeo-Eskimo affiliation of the associated artifact assemblage and a radiocarbon date of ca. 3800 B.P. make these the earliest skeletal remains known for the Canadian Arctic. Comparisons with Late Palaeo-Eskimo burials are limited by the uniqueness of this discovery.

}, author = {James W. Helmer and Brenda V. Kennedy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9190, title = {Thule Pioneers}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {200-202}, editor = {James W. Helmer} } @article {9623, title = {A Quantitative Shape Analysis of Early Palaeo-Eskimo Endblades from Northern Devon Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {107-122}, abstract = {

Two influential studies of typological variation in Palaeo-Eskimo stone tools, one by M.S. Maxwell and the other by Robert McGhee, are summarized and critiqued. Both studies are shown to be conceptually and methodologically flawed. The pessimistic conclusions of both studies are therefore challenged. To demonstrate the potential for discovering meaningful typological variability in Palaeo-Eskimo stone tools the results of a pilot analysis of the digitally-derived morphological attributes of 33 small triangular bifaces recovered from ten Pre-Dorset sites located on the northeast coast of Devon Island are summarized. Principle components analysis and cluster analysis of this data set help to define three discrete morphological \&$\#$39;shapes\&$\#$39; in the sample of small bifaces. A cross-tabulation indicates that changes in the relative frequency of specimens assigned to the three morphological \&$\#$39;types\&$\#$39; correlate with the temporal ordering of the assemblage.

}, author = {James W. Helmer and Ian G. Robertson} } @article {9625, title = {Digitizing the Past: A New Procedure for Faded Rock Painting Photography}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {025-040}, abstract = {

Faded and weathered pictographs have historically been difficult to record using standard documentary photography. Natural lighting produces inconsistent color and harsh lighting conditions that prevent color photographic films from capturing faint pigment colors. Films are also problematic, since most color films are comprised of unstable organic dyes that fade over time. The paper discusses the authors\&$\#$39; multiple-step photographic and computer enhancement procedure to record faded, pigmented artifacts, such as pictographs, pottery, and dyed fabric. Cross-polarized lighting selectively eliminates surface reflections, but retains internal reflections from color pigments, which enhances their capture by film-based or direct-digital cameras. Selective digital enhancement substantially increases the brightness and color saturation of cross polarized photographs. This kind of specialized photography complements other, equally important recording techniques in the quest for comprehensive documentation of faded pictographs.

}, author = {James W. Henderson} } @article {9627, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {103-108}, author = {DiAnn Herst} } @Symposium Papers {10977, title = {Comments: The Early Period in Northwest Coast Prehistory}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {229-231}, author = {James J. Hester} } @article {9628, title = {New Radiocarbon Dates for the Fidler Mounds (EaLf{\textendash}3) Site, Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {77-95}, abstract = {

Initially radiocarbon-dated (uncalibrated) at 380\ \±\ 80 years old using charcoal recovered from the floor of the central burial pit, the Fidler Mounds burial site was once thought to predate the arrival of the first Europeans by only a small margin. Burial materials indicated a longer time period but had been analysed as a single cluster of artifacts related to various burial complexes (e.g.,\ Arvilla, Devils Lake-Sourisford). This paper reports on the results of eight new AMS dates on bone collagen from burials. The calibrated AMS dates range from 1550 to 500 years before present\—substantially older than the original radiocarbon date. The new AMS dates provide the first direct evidence for the long-term use of the Fidler Mounds burial site. Given that the dates span a minimum of two phases, this evidence necessitates the re-assessment of previous work at this site and its relationship to mound utilization. These results show that detailed dating and re-analyses of older materials can provide important and exciting new insights.

}, author = {Barbara R. Hewitt and E. Leigh Syms and Robert D. Hoppa} } @article {9629, title = {Mortuary Evidence of Coast Salish Shamanism?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {240-264}, abstract = {

At \"S\’oksun\" (Deep Bay) and \"Tseycum\" (Patricia Bay) on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in traditional Coast Salish territory, recent archaeological investigations have yielded two intriguing interment features dating from the late Middle Period. The posture and grave associations imply these were important and powerful women within their communities\—quite possibly shamans. The presence of quartz with both interments alludes to this potential as quartz, quartz crystal and quartzite have been closely linked with shamanism throughout the world. Among Coast Salish peoples, quartz is also associated with weather control and clairvoyance. Cultural continuity is well established in the region; these interments suggest the deep antiquity of some facets of the Coast Salish belief system, which is still extant and experiencing resurgence today.

}, author = {Andrew W. Hickok and William A. White (Xalemath) and Kim Recalma-Clutesi and Steven R. Hamm and Hayley E. Kanipe} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9192, title = {Paleoepidemiology: The Measure of Disease in the Human Past}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {140-142}, editor = {Andrew W. Hickok} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9150, title = {Ceramic Makers{\textquoteright} Marks}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {345-347}, editor = {Tanya Higgins} } @article {9630, title = {The Relationship of Archaeological Sites to Sea Levels on Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {001-013}, abstract = {

Archaelogical data reported here are from a general archaeological survey of Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia conducted by the author in 1974 and 1975. Some 20\% of the 99 sites recorded relate to sea levels either higher or lower than those of the present. Lithic assemblages from lower sea level sites are distinct from those from higher sites and both differ from surface materials that have come from sites that are close to the modern sea levels. Of these, the intertidal sites may be the oldest. They are characterized by the lack of points or other bifaces and by the presence of large andesite flakes and cores worked in a mannet resembling the Levallois technique of the Old World.

}, author = {Philip M. Hobler} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9420, title = {Contributions to the Study of the Dorset Palaeo-Eskimos}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {113-116}, editor = {Lisa M. Hodgetts} } @article {12566, title = {Broadening $\#$MeToo: Tracking Dynamics in Canadian Archaeology Through a Survey on Experiences Within the Discipline}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {020-047}, abstract = {

The $\#$MeToo movement has turned global attention to structural power differentials grounded in gender, race, sexual orientation, and other aspects of identity, leading archaeologists to confront injustice in different sectors of our discipline, with a focus on sexual harassment and sexual assault. In 2019, the Canadian Archaeological Association{\textquoteright}s Working Group on Equity and Diversity conducted a survey of Canadian archaeologists to identify the extent of both sexualized and non-sexualized forms of discrimination, exploitation, harassment, and violence in our field. Our survey yielded 564 responses from archaeologists representing a wide range of genders, ages, career stages, and sectors. The results indicate a large portion of Canadian archaeologists have had negative experiences in the course of their work and study. This first stage of analysis focuses on demographic trends among survey respondents and noteworthy differences in their experiences based on gender, career stage, and participation in the academic or cultural resource management sector.

}, author = {Lisa Hodgetts and Kisha Supernant and Natasha Lyons and John R. Welch} } @article {12775, title = {Archaeological Evidence in the Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in Decision}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {155-184}, abstract = {

The 2014 Supreme Court of Canada Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in decision provides the first declaration of Aboriginal title to Canadian soil. Aboriginal title requires evidence of continuous, exclusive, and sufficient occupation of a territory. In the earlier trial before the British Columbia Supreme Court the Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in First Nations presented a substantial corpus of archaeological evidence to complement historical evidence, oral histories, and Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in testimony regarding the locations of Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in villages and the type and duration of their occupations. We examined this body of archaeological data in the context of the judicial proceedings to understand which data were considered favourably by the court and why. We found that the trial court accepted archaeological data as evidence of occupation on definite tracts of land at the time of sovereignty, agreeing with the Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in plaintiffs that the evidence met the legal standards for continuous and sufficient occupation. Because the Supreme Court Tsilhqot{\textquoteright}in decision is the paramount statement on Aboriginal title, the treatment and consideration of archaeological data in that decision will likely set standards for and guide improvements to the applications of archaeological data in title cases.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.155}, author = {Erin A. Hogg and John R. Welch} } @article {11041, title = {An Analysis of the State of Public Archaeology in Canadian Public School Curricula}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {327-345}, abstract = {Public support of archaeology is required to have effective heritage legislation and the prevention of site vandalism and looting. One of the best ways for the public to understand the importance of archaeology and heritage conservation is through school-aged education. This paper examines the nature and extent to which archaeology is covered in Canadian public school curricula. To determine the extent of archaeological material in school curricula, Social Studies curricula from each province and territory are examined and critically evaluated. This analysis indicates that archaeology is not often taught in curricula, and when it is taught, lacks a Canadian focus. For further evaluation, these findings are compared to the guidelines developed by the Canadian Archaeological Association (CAA), to determine if its expectations for students{\textquoteright} achievement in archaeology are appropriate and are being met. This research emphasizes the gap between CAA guidelines and Canadian curricula and pinpoints what is lacking in school-aged archaeological education in Canada. }, author = {Erin A. Hogg} } @article {9656, title = {Before and After the Fire: Archaeological Investigations at a Little Passage/Beothuk Encampment in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {1-30}, abstract = {

Archaeological investigations indicate that the Beothuk had a significant presence in the Trinity Bay region of southeastern Newfoundland in the centuries prior to the arrival of European fishermen in the 16th century. The Beothuk presence in this area continued for over a century following contact, but in time diminished as European activity and settlement increased. Eventually the Beothuk were forced to abandon the region all together. This paper examines this process as it played out in Stock Cove, the location of a significant late {\textquotedblleft}prehistoric{\textquotedblright} and probable historic Beothuk campsite. Excavations in Stock Cove attest to the importance of this area to the Beothuk and their ancestors, and with its abandonment, a sense of what was lost.

}, author = {Donald H. Holly Jr. and Christopher B. Wolff and John C. Erwin} } @article {9631, title = {Environment, History and Agency in Storage Adaptation: On the Beothuk in the 18th Century}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {019-030}, abstract = {

Anthropological theories regarding the use of storage facilities or the conditions in which such facilities should be used, have generally embraced one of two positions. One position is concerned primarily with the use of storage, or surplus, in the pursuit of social objectives, often leading to social complexity. The other, immersed in an adaptive framework, views storage as a mechanism for reducing risk associated with subsistence stress (Rowley-Conwy and Zvelebil 1989: 40). This paper is an attempt to explore Beothuk investment in storage and other labor intensive activities during the 18th century within the context of historical and environmental conditions and social motivation or agency.

}, author = {Donald H. Holly} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9037, title = {Kayasochi Kikawenow Our Mother From Long Ago: An Early Cree Woman and Her Personal Belongings from Nagami Bay, Southern Indian Lake}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {137-139}, editor = {Donald H. Holly Jr} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9216, title = {The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {316-318}, editor = {Donald H. Holly Jr.} } @article {9632, title = {From Policy to Practice: A Case Study in Collaborative Exhibits with First Nations}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {033-043}, abstract = {

Recent initiatives by the Assembly of First Nations and the Canadian Museums Association Task Force on Museums and First Nations, and the Canadian Archaeological Association Aboriginal Heritage Committee have committed archaeologists and museums to develop exhibits and collections policies in consultation with First Nations. Despite the uncertainty of changing heritage legislation and land claims issues, archaeologists and museums are working together with local First Nations communities to collaborate on research, exhibits, programs, and the management of collections. This paper presents a case study of Written In The Earth, an exhibit of archaeological material from southwestern British Columbia, that opened at the U.B.C. Museum of Anthropology in October, 1996. Consulting with First Nations representatives for the exhibit resulted in an agreement for collaborative exhibit development, and lead to broader discussions on the operating policies and practices of the U.B.C. Laboratory of Archaeology. Concerns such as collections insurance, liability, professional responsibility, and access to collections were addressed, some for the first time.

}, author = {Margaret Holm and David Pokotylo} } @article {11037, title = {Portages and Lithic Procurement in the Northeastern Interior: A Case Study from the Mill Brook Stream Site, Lower Saint John River Valley, New Brunswick, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {213-240}, abstract = {

Researchers have recognized the importance of portage routes to Pre-contact Aboriginal people in the Northeast of North America since the late nineteenth century. However, little explicit attention has been paid to identifying and interpreting possible archaeological signatures for portage routes. Here we offer the Mill Brook Stream site as a component of a portage which provided a two-way link to Washademoak Lake, the source for Washademoak Multi-coloured Chert, with New Brunswick{\textquoteright}s Lower Saint John River Valley. We analyze the site in terms of its geographic criteria, its location in relation to the end of canoe navigability, and through the use of a heat-treating experiment. We draw analogies between Historic period accounts of portages and archaeological evidence at Mill Brook Stream; combined, this information is used to outline a correlate for portage-related sites associated with bulk procurement. To facilitate this discussion, we include a glossary of terms to describe portages and portage-related activities.

}, author = {Kenneth R. Holyoke and M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13484, title = {Chipped Stone Technological Organization: Central Place Foraging and Exchange on the Northern Great Plains}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {203-205}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.203}, editor = {Ken Holyoke} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9451, title = {Field Archaeologist{\textquoteright}s Survival Guide: Getting a Job and Working in Cultural Resource Management}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {148-151}, editor = {Kenneth R. Holyoke} } @article {9633, title = {An Analysis of Two Late Archaic Burials from Manitoba: The Eriksdale Site (EfLl{\textendash}1)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {234-266}, abstract = {

The re-examination of burial material from the Eriksdale site curated in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Manitoba has revealed important insights into the Late Archaic or Middle Precontact Period of the Interlake Region in the Province of Manitoba. The remains from two individuals were analysed along with their associated artifacts. Radiocarbon dates for the individuals provided conventional dates of 3,470 \± 40 years BP and 3700 \± 60 years BP for the two individuals. The impressive array of artifacts associated with the human remains warranted this review and has provided unique insights in the lifestyle of individuals living in this part of the province 3,750 years ago. One of the individuals from the site has the earliest dated Pelican Lake projectile point from Manitoba, predating the generally accepted dates for this point style. The associated artifacts support the claim that during this period there was an increase in the number of continent-wide trade networks that were being established. The assemblage also included unique decorated bird bone tubes that rarely are found in the archaeological record dating to this time period. The origin of the two individuals is uncertain, but both the close proximity of the burials and the fact they are separated by more than two centuries suggest that the area was commonly lived in and traveled.

}, author = {Robert D. Hoppa and Laura Allingham and Kevin Brownlee and Linda Larcombe and Gregory Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12782, title = {Assembling Archaeology: Teaching, Practice, and Research}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {257{\textendash}261}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.257}, editor = {Lesley R. Howse} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9213, title = {History in the Making: The Archaeology of the Eastern Subarctic}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {152-155}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @article {11111, title = {Cultural Continuity in Maritime Woodland Period Domestic Architecture in the Quoddy Region}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {023-067}, abstract = {

Evidence of Maritime Woodland period (ca. 3150\–ca. 550 B.P.) domestic architecture from the Quoddy Region of New Brunswick and Maine has been identified and reported since the late nineteenth century. Here we summarize this evidence, reinterpret it in light of recent high-resolution studies of prehistoric (pre-contact) domestic features in Nova Scotia, and report a recent study addressing domestic architectural features in the Maine Quoddy Region. Overall, this evidence suggests an aboriginal architectural tradition, and continuity in the organization of domestic space, spanning the Maritime Woodland period and extending into the recent historic period. Within this tradition there is evidence for variability and change in the placement of structures and perhaps in the intensity and duration of occupation. We argue that domestic architecture may be a particularly salient focus through which to study cultural continuity and change in hunter-gatherer society, because it is an important arena for social reproduction, structured by the relationships among social actors.

}, author = {M. Gabriel Hrynick and David W. Black} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13190, title = {Goddard: A Prehistoric Village Site on Blue Hill Bay, Maine~}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {133-134}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.133}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13485, title = {More Than Shelter from the Storm: Hunter-Gatherer Houses and the Built Environment}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {206-208}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.206}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @article {9635, title = {Assessing the Archaeological Potential of Urban Areas: Some Preliminary Results from Halifax}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {159-168}, abstract = {

Thearchaeological research conducted for the City of Halifax during the summer of 1985 is outlined in this paper. The work involved: 1) the initiation of an inventory of potential archaeological sites in the City; and 2) an assessment of the archaeological potential of specific Halifax locations. Given the quantity of archival material available on Halifax, identifying past sites and their present-day locations for the archaeological inventory was relatively easy. In order to assess the archaeological potential of the present-day locations a research report format and a point evaluation system were developed. However, it is concluded that far more information on artifact distribution and survival, areas and rates of sedimentation and construction procedures is needed before any accurate pre-excavation evaluations can be made for specific locations. The appointment of a City Archaeologist is recommended.

}, author = {Nicola Hubbard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9065, title = {Handbook on Soil Resistivity Surveying}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {091}, editor = {D.J. Huntley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12177, title = {Maritime Heritage in Crisis: Indigenous Landscapes and Global Ecological Breakdown}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {111-114}, editor = {Michael O{\textquoteright}Rourke} } @article {9636, title = {The Trent Connection: A Cornerstone of Maya Archaeology in Belize}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {29-50}, abstract = {

This paper is historical in focus. Its goal is to document and describe the role of Trent University (Canada) in the history of Maya archaeology in Belize (Central America). The foundations of the Trent/Belize relationship are traced back 50 years, to a time when Belize was British Honduras, and Trent University was still on the planning board. The authors examine briefly various Trent archaeological projects in Belize and associated archaeologists. This \“history\” serves to highlight the multi-faceted aspect of the Trent/Belize relationship. Specifically, it illuminates the diverse roles which Trent has played in research about the ancient Maya in Belize, as well as the education of Belizean archaeologists, and the training of Belizean administrators regarding the growing significance of culture resource management, tourism, and archaeological advocacy.

}, author = {Gyles Iannone and Healy, Paul F.} } @article {12860, title = {Taking on Looting: Pursuing Sustainable Site Protection Policies in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {020-052}, abstract = {

Centuries of looting has repeatedly unearthed the archaeological remains of First Nations middens, villages, and cemeteries. This paper presents a case for new measures to curtail these illicit practices in Ontario. Over the last decade, many archaeologists have espoused a program of sustainable archaeology. I suggest protections of in situ contexts against looting will further the objectives of sustainable archaeology and contribute to this broader trajectory of practice in the province. Using the history of looting and archaeological conditions at Neutral Iroquoian (Attawandaron) sites, along with information from modern collectors, the paper reveals the persistent threat of looting and the necessity for action. I suggest the province, municipalities, and archaeological stakeholders deploy policies aimed at preserving these resources into the future. I advocate for a stewardship of personal and collective responsibility among property owners and hobbyists through educational initiatives, legal easement agreements, and existing legislative mandates to serve as a pragmatic step towards the long-term sustainable protection of these sites.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.20}, author = {Daniel A. Ionico} } @article {9637, title = {A Human Mandible in Probable Association with a Pleistocene Faunal Assemblage in Eastern Beringia: A Preliminary Report}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {081-093}, abstract = {

In 1976 a portion of mandible of a human child was found in probable association with bones of Pleistocene fauna in point bar deposits on the Old Crow River, northern Yukon Territory. The morphology and odontology of the mandible are described, and it is concluded that no specific or sub-specific taxonomic designation can be assigned. It is suggested that the mandible is of an age greater than 20,000 years, and may relate to a Pleistocene human occupation of eastern Beringia.

}, author = {W.N. Irving and J.T. Mayall and F.J. Melbye and B.F. Beebe} } @article {9638, title = {An Unusual Collection of Artifacts from Labrador}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {001-016}, abstract = {

This paper describes a small collection of artifacts held by the McCord Museum, McGill University. The collection is accessioned as having come from Labrador, yet the artifacts are not clearly related to any known prehistoric or historic cultural tradition. It is hoped that the publication of this description will lead to the identification of the material.

}, author = {Betty Issenman and Robert McGhee and Catherine Rankin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9198, title = {Ethnoarchaeological and Cultural Frontiers. Athapaskan, Algonquin and European Adaptations in the Central Subarctic}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {117-118}, editor = {John W. Ives} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9269, title = {Athapaskan Migrations: The Archaeology of Eagle Lake, British Columbia}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {153-159}, editor = {John W. (Jack) Ives} } @article {9643, title = {Interethnic Contact and Nineteenth Century British Ceramic Distribution}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {129-142}, abstract = {

This paper considers the growth in Native Alaskan dependency on items that the Russians initially categorized as \&$\#$39;triffles\&$\#$39; and \&$\#$39;things that the natives did not in the least need.\&$\#$39; British ceramics aasociated with the tea complex are used to examine the impact of western material culture on indigenous populations in southwestern Alaska during the nineteenth century. Motivations for contact and Russian relationships with Alaskan Native populations are discussed. Selective processes associated with the incorporation of exogenous artifacts are examined and key factors explaining the presence of British ceramics in their new context isolated. Because teaware would not be predicted in Russian America using arguments of either differential legal, social or economic status commonly used to explain ceramic distribution patterns elsewhere in North America, an alternative multicausal approach to the consideration of trade good incorporation in colonial contact settings is proposed.

}, author = {Louise M. Jackson} } @article {9645, title = {A Volcanic Glass Library for the Pacific Northwest: Problems and Prospects}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {093-122}, abstract = {

A variety of volcanic glasses occur naturally in the mountainous regions of western North America and many were exploited prehistorically by Native people as raw materials for tools, weapons and other implements. Using x-ray fluorescence, we have characterised the trace element composition of volcanic glass source samples collected from northwestern North America, between northern California and eastern Alaska. Our ongoing research includes the characterisation of newly identified volcanic glass sources and the \&$\#$39;sourcing\&$\#$39; of volcanic glass artifacts recovered from archaeological contexts in and near the study area. This paper presents a description of the Simon Fraser University reference library of source characterisations, followed by an example of its application to the volcanic glass artifact assemblage excavated in 1989 and 1990 from the Wilson Butte Cave site, Idaho.

}, author = {Malcolm James and Jeff Bailey and John D\&$\#$8217;Auria} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9371, title = {Collected Archaeological Papers (Melvin); Three Heritage Studies (Melvin) and Studies in West Patricia Archaeology}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @article {9649, title = {Regional Interaction and Ontario Iroquois Evolution}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {070-088}, abstract = {

Recent studies have argued that northern \&$\#$39;Iroquoianization\&$\#$39; can be explained as a consequence of interregional interaction. This has been expressed by a west to east time-transgressive Cahokia as centre-Iroquoia as margins-linked model. The explanation is discussed with reference to archaeological data from Ontario, Canada. Homologous trait distributions indicate that although the model may offer general insight into northern Iroquois development, it does not adequately summarize the patterns of intersocietal contact which are believed to have promoted the \&$\#$39;Iroquoianization\&$\#$39; of Ontario populations. These are explicated by an interregional interaction model that interprets Northeastern culture processes in light of generalized coevolutionary developments occurring after ca. A..D. 900 throughout the eastern half of the North American continent.

}, author = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @Obituaries {9937, title = {Kenneth Earl Kidd (1906{\textendash}1994)}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {139-140}, author = {Susan Jamieson} } @article {9648, title = {An Examination of Prisoner-Sacrifice and Cannibalism at the St. Lawrence Iroquoian Roebuck Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {159-175}, abstract = {

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the debate concerning evidence for prisoner-sacrifice and cannibalism among the Iroquoians of the Northeast. A number of scholars have documented the existence of these practices in early historic times. In the present study, I will concentrate on the archaeological evidence that indicates the practice of cannibalism and prisoner-sacrifice in the prehistoric period, specifically, at the Roebuck site in eastern Ontario.

}, author = {James B. Jamieson} } @article {9647, title = {Economics and Ontario Iroquoian Social Organization}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {019-030}, abstract = {

The economic behaviour of the historic Huron and Neutral Iroquois is examined and fitted against a generalized model of exchange. Interplay between material flow and social organizational structures supports Daillon\&$\#$39;s contention that the Neutral were chiefdom, and suggests that the Huron were only slightly less complex developmentally. Implications for archaelogical research are discussed.

}, author = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9289, title = {Archaeologies of Materiality}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {119-121}, editor = {Ross Jamieson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9200, title = {Reconstructing Ontario Iroquoian Village Organization}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {199-207}, editor = {Susan M. Jamieson} } @article {9814, title = {Recent discoveries in fur trade archaeology of upper and central Mackenzie River regions}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {092-120}, author = {Robert~R.~Janes and Timothy~C.~Losey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {8998, title = {Tahltan Ethnoarchaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {164-166}, editor = {Robert R. Janes} } @article {9650, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {120-122}, author = {Robert R. Janes} } @article {9651, title = {An Archaeological Facilities Master Plan for the Regional Municipality of Waterloo}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {223-224}, author = {Scarlett E. Janusas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9154, title = {Practical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {122-125}, editor = {Jason Jeandron} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9076, title = {Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {318-320}, editor = {Jason Jeandron} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9206, title = {Remote Sensing in Archaeology: An Explicitly North American Perspective}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {264-266}, editor = {Jason Jeandron} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9209, title = {The Spruce Point Site: A Comparative Study of Selkirk Components in the Boreal Forest}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {181-182}, editor = {Richard B. Johnston} } @article {9652, title = {Notes on Ossuary Burial among the Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {091-104}, abstract = {

Radiocarbon dates for three early Iroquoian ossuary pits at the Serpent Mounds site indicate that Pickering peoples had a developed ossuary tradition by the A.D. 1000-1300 period. An informal review of the evidence for burial systems in the Terminal Woodland of southern Ontario suggests that the elaborate late Huron mortuary practices were the final expression of a long tradition that may be traced back about a thousand years to the early beginnings of agricultural village life in Ontario.

}, author = {Richard B. Johnston} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9208, title = {Prehistory of Northern Ontario}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {227}, editor = {Richard B. Johnston} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11938, title = {Process and Meaning in Spatial Archaeology: Investigations into Pre-Columbian Iroquoian Space and Place}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {270-273}, editor = {Beatrice A. Fletcher} } @article {9654, title = {Geoarchaeological Investigations at Two Intermediate Indian Sites near Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador: Implications for Late Holocene Paleoshoreline Reconstruction and Settlement Patterning in Western Hamilton Inlet}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {92-114}, abstract = {

This paper presents the results of geoarchaeological investigations conducted at two Intermediate Indian sites (ca. 3500\–2000 B.P.) near Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador. Micromorphology\—the study of undisturbed soil and sediment in thin section\—was the principal technique used to investigate sedimentologic and pedologic processes affecting the sites. Grain-size analysis of bulk sediment samples was also employed to support the micromorphology. Variations in soil particle size and particle sorting between the two sites evince deposition under distinctly different environmental energy regimes. Thin sections from the Ushpitun 2 site (FhCb\–04) reveal a well-developed soil (Humo-Ferric Podzol) comprised of moderately to poorly sorted, predominantly coarse sand-size, mono- and polymineralic grains. Samples from the Pmiusiku 1 site (FhCc\–01) are composed of well sorted, fine sand-size, mono- and polymineralic grains. Here, the Humo-Ferric Podzol is less well-expressed. The poorer sorting and larger particle sizes at the Ushpitun 2 site suggest that these sediments were deposited in a turbulent, high energy environment. The better sorting and finer particle sizes exhibited by the Pmiusiku 1 sediments indicate deposition under a more stable, lower-energy, depositional regime. This study?s findings support previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions for Hamilton Inlet, specifically the location of each site with respect to the 3000 B.P. paleoshoreline. At that time, the Ushpitun 2 site would have been located along the shoreline of a small island at the head of the emerging Goose Bay peninsula (a high energy environment), whereas the Pmiusiku 1 site would have been sheltered near the center of the peninsula (a much lower energy environment).

}, author = {Richard L. Josephs and Scott W. Neilsen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12781, title = {Foraging in the Past: Archaeological Studies of Hunter-Gatherer Diversity}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {253{\textendash}256}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.253}, editor = {Holly Jr., Donald H.} } @Obituaries {11425, title = {William Nathaniel Irving (1927-1987)}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {210-217}, author = {P. Julig and W. Hurley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9217, title = {The Late Palaeo-Indian Great Lakes: Geological and Archaeological Investigations of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Environments}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {117-120}, editor = {Patrick Julig} } @article {12861, title = {Canadians and the Founding of the Society for American Archaeology (1934{\textendash}1940s)}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {053-076}, abstract = {

In December of 1934 the Society for American Archaeology was officially constituted. In 1935, in an effort to grow the membership, professional archaeologists were asked to propose members who they endorsed to become affiliated with the SAA. The two professional archaeologists in Canada at that time, Diamond Jenness and William J. Wintemberg of the Dominion Museum, Ottawa, proposed names of individuals across Canada who were collectors, museum curators, and historians. A small number suggested for membership joined, but most did not. This was an interesting period in North American archaeology as professionals worked in committees to establish cultural and temporal frameworks of the archaeological past, establish excavation guidelines, and lobby against the sale of antiquities. Some Canadian avocationals who joined were positively impacted by their association with American archaeologists and their legacies continue through to today. The bottom line is that there were very few professional archaeologists in Canada following Wintemberg{\textquoteright}s death in 1941, and that lack coupled with WWII, meant that Canadians looking for professional support and guidance looked to the south of the border. The Society for American Archaeology was important for the growth and development of Canadian archaeology during this time.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.53}, author = {Mima Brown Kapches} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9220, title = {Bones of the Ancestors: The Archaeology and Osteobiography of the Moatfield Ossuary}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {179-182}, editor = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9904, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {001}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9903, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9902, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9221, title = {A Passion for the Past: Papers in Honour of James F. Pendergast}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {134-136}, editor = {Mima Kapches} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9905, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {002}, author = {Mima Kapches} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9084, title = {A Greenville Burial Ground: Human Remains and Mortuary Elements in British Columbia Coast Prehistory}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {170-173}, editor = {M. Anne Katzenberg} } @article {9659, title = {An Arrow from the Tsitsutl Glacier, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {113-123}, abstract = {

An almost complete arrow found in British Columbia in the early 20th century has been re-discovered in the Royal BC Museum collections. Speculation as to its antiquity was tested by radiocarbon dating, which reveals that the artifact was likely made in the middle of the second millennium AD. The arrow was compared to recent finds of both arrows and darts from glaciers and ice patches. The failure of this specimen to clearly fit the criteria of either of these weapon technologies raises some new questions.

}, author = {Grant Keddie and Erle Nelson} } @Obituaries {11426, title = {Clyde C. Kennedy (1917-1987)}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {218-222}, author = {David Keenlyside} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9429, title = {Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1983}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {174-175}, editor = {David L. Keenlyside} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9090, title = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s Cove: A Prehistoric Site on Passamaquoddy Bay}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {089}, editor = {David L. Keenlyside} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9089, title = {Archaeological Resources in the Maritimes: A Coastal Survey - 1979}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {250}, editor = {David L. Keenlyside} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9039, title = {Medicine Wheels on the Northern Plains: A Summary and Appraisal}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {230-231}, editor = {Thomas F. Kehoe} } @article {9660, title = {Retrospective: My Life in Prairie Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {131-147}, author = {Alice B. Kehoe} } @Obituaries {11430, title = {Charles Eyman (1933-1990)}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {235}, author = {David Kelley} } @article {9664, title = {Retrospective: Presentism? Balderdash}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {186-193}, author = {Jane H. Kelley} } @article {9662, title = {The View from the Edge: The Proyecto Arqueol{\'o}gico Chihuahua (PAC) 1990 to 2010: An Overview}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {82-107}, abstract = {

The work of the Proyecto Arqueol{\'o}gico Chihuahua (PAC) has played an integral role in defining the origins and characteristics of the Chihuahua culture area, also known as the Casas Grandes Regional System. PAC has developed a critical suite of radiocarbon dates for the southern zone, undertaken the first substantial investigations of the Viejo period (ca. A.D. 800\–1200 or 1250) since the early 1960s, and added to knowledge of the southern Medio period (ca. A.D. 1250\–1450). The project has also elucidated the chronology, settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, and technology for both periods. Results of our research indicate continuity between the Viejo period, characterized by small pithouse settlements, and the pueblo focused Medio period in the southern zone, with some poorly understood external influences from both western Mesoamerica to the south and the American Southwest to the north shaping events within the area.

}, author = {Jane H. Kelley and A. C. MacWilliams and Joe D. Stewart and Karen R. Adams and Jerimy J. Cunningham and Richard E. Garvin and J. M. Maillol and Paula J. Reimer and Danny Zborover} } @article {9663, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {123-124}, author = {Jane H. Kelley} } @article {9661, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {003-004}, author = {Jane Kelley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9433, title = {A History of Archaeological Thought}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {127-129}, editor = {Jane H. Kelley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9031, title = {Archaeology in Alberta: 1980 (J. Brink, ed.) and Archaeology in Alberta: 1981}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {195-196}, editor = {Jane Kelly} } @article {12569, title = {Strength-Based Approaches to Involving Inuit Youth in Archaeological Research}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {083-104}, abstract = {

In this collaborative paper between university-based archaeologists and Nunatsiavummiut youth, we discuss our attempts to unsettle our research while working on community-oriented projects in Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, through the application of strength-based approaches. We outline the need for strength-based approaches for involving Nunatsiavummiut youth in archaeology and the ways we apply these approaches to Kelvin{\textquoteright}s research project, the Agvituk Digital Archive Project, and Gilheany{\textquoteright}s dissertation research on the recent history of Hopedale. We incorporate key aspects of these approaches, including: focusing on the whole person and recognizing their social context; actively involving participants in decisions; recognizing strengths and expertise of participants so that everyone is both a teacher and a learner; and encouraging experiences where group members can be successful. We argue that an unsettled, strength-based approach necessitates a future-oriented archaeology.

}, author = {Laura Kelvin and Emma Gilheany and Nicholas Flowers and Denver~Edmunds and Mackenzie Frieda and Claire Igloliorte and Halle Lucy and John Piercy} } @article {12565, title = {Unsettling Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {001{\textendash}019}, abstract = {

In this introduction to the special issue, we examine some of the ways that settler colonialism permeates archaeology in Canada and argue for unsettling approaches to archaeology. Archaeology is a product of and remains a tool for settler colonialism, often oppressing both people of the past and people in the present, especially Indigenous People, Black People, People of Colour, and LGBTQ2S+ community members. We call for unsettling research paradigms, which aim to disrupt the settler colonial foundations that continue to permeate archaeological work and ensure that it benefits only a select few. Unsettling approaches target not only the work we do as archaeologists, but also the structures our work operates through, including universities, museums, different levels of government, and heritage policy and legislation governing private sector archaeology. They require us to acknowledge and confront our relationships to settler colonialism and the ways we participate in it, in all aspects of our lives. Unsettling paradigms play out differently within each project and for each participant, depending on individuals{\textquoteright} unique relationships to settler colonialism, their own experiences, and the context. As illustrated in the papers in this special issue, they encompass themes of truth, listening, learning, feeling, relinquishing control, and building strong futures. To move towards an archaeology that is anti-colonial, anti-racist, and anti-mysogynist, we must address the deeply embedded colonialism, racism, and misogyny in Canadian settler colonial structures and society. We must start by addressing them within ourselves and the institutions that govern and support our work. Because the unequal power relations within archaeology are so entrenched and pervasive, change may come slowly. It will involve long-term commitment to an ongoing cycle of learning, feeling (particularly when we feel uncomfortable), questioning, and most importantly, acting.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.1.1}, author = {Laura Kelvin and Lisa Hodgetts} } @article {9665, title = {Possible Case of Histiocytosis X in an Archaic Indian from Port au Choix, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {109-117}, abstract = {

The skeleton of a child of age three years \±12 months from Locus V of the Port au Choix-3 site, Newfoundland, displays multiple osteolytic defects, orbital pitting, thickening of the greater wing of sphenoid and rib expansion. These anomalies may be attributed to a rare disease known as histiocytosis X. A date of approximately 3400 B.P. for the specimen makes this the oldest suggested case in the Americas.

}, author = {Brenda V. Kennedy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9230, title = {David Boyle: From Artisan to Archaeologist}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {159-164}, editor = {Walter A. Kenyon} } @article {9666, title = {Writing-On-Stone: Rock Art on the Northwestern Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {015-080}, abstract = {

Writing-On-Stone, a short stretch of the Milk River valley in southern Alberta containing 58 petroglyph and pictograph sites, is one of the largest concentration.s . of rock art in western North America. The several thousand motifs recorded at these sites comprise five major categories: anthropomorphs, zoomorphs, items of material culture, tool grooves/tally marks, and geometric abstracts. Two functional rock art types, Ceremonial Art and Biographic Art, occur. Ceremonial Art dates to the Late Prehistoric and Early Historic periods between approximately A.D. 1300 and 1750, and consists of a constellation of motifs drawn as part of a ritualized vision quest ceremony. Biographic Art is dated by the preponderance of guns, horses, white men and other historic objects to the period between A.D. 1750 and 1880. The common depictions of secular activities and utilitarian objects indicates that Biographic Art functioned as a record of the personal exploits of individual warriors. The artists reponsible for the Biographic Art include members of the Blackfeet, Cree, Gros Ventres, Assiniboine and probably other tribes.

}, author = {James D. Keyser} } @article {11399, title = {From Iconic to Narrative: A DStretch Discovery at Writing-On-Stone}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {30-45}, abstract = {

A pair of shield bearing warriors and an associated circle painted at DgOv-83 in Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park in southern Alberta has been identified as an iconic representation since it was first recorded in 1976. Photographic images of this site taken in 2012 were recently analyzed using the DStretch enhancement program and it was discovered that the three figures were not an iconic composition but rather a biographic narrative coup count tally recording the war honors of a Late Prehistoric period Blackfoot warrior. Coup-strike bows floating above each warrior and a club floating near the legs of one of them document coups counted on these men, while each warrior is also shot by several arrows. Once the two warriors are identified as enemies on whom coup has been counted, the associated circle can now be easily understood as a shield captured as a war trophy by the artist who painted the tally composition.

}, author = {James D. Keyser} } @article {9668, title = {A Reply to Byrne}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {175-177}, author = {James D. Keyser} } @article {9667, title = {Red is the Colour of Blood: Polychrome Rock Art at Rattlesnake Cave, Alberta, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {027-075}, abstract = {

Rattlesnake Cave (DgOw-20) is a small rockshelter located within Rocky Coulee just outside the west boundary of Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in south-central Alberta. Approximately 40 faint pictographs are found inside the shelter, all drawn in black but a few also showing traces of red pigment. Close examination of the pictographs using colour enhancement indicates that the red was used to show blood from wounds to humans and horses as well as bloody tracks marking the travel of these wounded individuals. This is the first report from a Great Plains rock art site of the use of the colour red to show blood on black drawings. Humans, animals and material culture are described, and 9 narrative compositions\—primarily involving combat and horse stealing\—are proposed to account for the action depicted at DgOw-20. Rock art at DgOw-20 dates to the Post-contact Period and quite certainly is of Blackfoot origin. Rocky Coulee is interpreted as a focal point in the region for the creation of Biographic style rock art, while the nearby site of DgOv-2 is interpreted as the focus of Ceremonial art.

}, author = {James D. Keyser and David A. Kaiser and Jack W. Brink} } @Obituaries {11423, title = {Richard B. Johnston (1930-1987)}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {181-187}, author = {Kenneth E. Kidd} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9397, title = {A Selected Bibliography of Historical Artifacts: c.1760{\textendash}1920}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {274-276}, editor = {Kenneth Kidd} } @article {9669, title = {Archaeology and Local Governments: The Perspectives of First Nations and Municipal Councillors in the Fraser Valley, B.C.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {258-291}, abstract = {

Local governments are in a position to act as bridges between the publics they represent and the management of archaeological heritage. Since First Nations and municipal councillors in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, make decisions on behalf of their communities, we focus this paper on their perspectives of archaeology. We surveyed and interviewed local government representatives on seven themes relating to archaeological heritage: Knowledge, Interest and Exposure, Relevance, Value, Protection Issues, Management Responsibility, and Working Together. First Nations and municipal councillors\’ perspectives reveal areas of divergence on the relevance, protection, and management of archaeological heritage, and convergence on the values of archaeology and working together on heritage issues. Although local governments uniquely situate archaeology through distinct views, they can bridge this disconnect through dialogue on shared perspectives. We provide recommendations to encourage this process of communication between First Nations and municipal governments, and their publics, on the management of archaeological heritage.

}, author = {King, Amanda and Dana Lepofsky and David Pokotylo} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9364, title = {Reading Rock Art: Interpreting the Indian Rock Paintings of the Canadian Shield}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {144-147}, editor = {Michael A. Klassen} } @article {9670, title = {Archaeological Resource Management and Forestry in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {031-042}, abstract = {

Recent amendments to provincial legislation, the implementation of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia, and the increased recognition and participation of First Nations has resulted in a need to incorporate archaeological resource management into forestry planning practices. This paper examines the development of archaeological resource management policy and practise in light of these new responsibilities and opportunities with specific reference to the study of culturally modified trees.

}, author = {Olga Klimko and Heather Moon and Doug Glaum} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9233, title = {Doing Archaeology: A Cultural Resource Management Perspective}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {267-269}, editor = {Dean H. Knight} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11045, title = {Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {355-358}, editor = {Mima Kapches} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9446, title = {The Gowen Sites: Cultural Responses to Climatic Warming on the Northern Plains (7500{\textendash}5000 B.P.)}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {155-156}, editor = {Brian Kooyman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9010, title = {Ecology and Human Organization on the Great Plains}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {257-262}, editor = {Brian Kooyman} } @article {9671, title = {Seasonal Bird Exploitation by Recent Indian and Beothuk Hunter-Gatherers of Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {292-233}, abstract = {

In this study, ecological, historical, and archaeological data are utilized to reconstruct the role of avian resources in the diet of Beothuk people (500 to 150 B.P.) and their ancestors from the Newfoundland Recent Indian period (2000 to 500 B.P.). Faunal records and site distribution patterns are consistent with historical accounts of hunter-gatherer bird and egg harvesting. Temporally and spatially predictable bird aggregations in Newfoundland (seabird colonies, moulting grounds, and migration resting areas) represent large sources of relatively easily obtainable meat that were consumed by hunter-gatherers during warm weather seasons and stored for winter use. Food storage (in the form of dried bird meat and powdered eggs) and transportation technologies (ocean-going canoes) enabled hunter-gatherer resource diversification within a relatively productive coastal ecosystem.

}, author = {Kristensen, Todd J.} } @article {9673, title = {The Application of X-Ray Flourescence Analysis to Archaeological Samples: A Case Study from Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {342-352}, abstract = {

Although researchers in the Northeast have for decades noticed general similarities in archaeological material from sites in Labrador, Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces, archaeological research has focussed on the behaviour of groups within, rather than across, social boundaries. This has led to a working impression of precontact society as a mosaic of distinct, homogeneous, archaeological cultures (ethnic groups) separated in space and time by impermeable boundaries. This paper explores the potential for identifying precontact social interaction across these boundaries through comparison of similar archaeological lithics obtained from disparate locations in Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island. Though the results of these tests were inconclusive, similar comparative analysis of the geographic distribution of sourced lithic material in archaeological sites is encouraged.

}, author = {Helen Kristmanson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9240, title = {Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Native Peoples and Archaeology in the United States}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {126-128}, editor = {Helen Kristmanson} } @article {9672, title = {The Identification and Interpretation of Finishing Marks on Prehistoric Nova Scotian Ceramics}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {074-084}, author = {Helen Kristmanson and Michael Deal} } @inbook {11021, title = {Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Oral History Project}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {5-13}, abstract = {The Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Oral History Project concentrated its efforts in gathering traditional knowledge place names, trail systems, and stories associated with both of these held by Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in Elders. This information was found to be rich in colour and texture, but rapidly fading with the passing of individual Elders. The data will be used in a number of ways to increase an awareness of and an appreciation for the cultural heritage of the Gwichya Gwich{\textquoteright}in by archaeologists, anthropologists, local communities and the Gwich{\textquoteright}in Tribal Council.}, author = {Ingrid Kritsch and Alestine Andre and Bart Kreps}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11121, title = {Transformation By Fire: The Archaeology of Cremation in Cultural Context}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {222-225}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {9674, title = {Subsistence Resource Variability and Culture Change During the Middle Late Prehistoric Cultural Transition on the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {097-118}, abstract = {

During the Middle Prehistoric period hunter-gatherer groups on the Canadian Plateau were small and fairly mobile. It was not until ca. 4500-3500 B.P. that greater sedentism and a shift to \&$\#$39;logistical\&$\#$39; resource procurement occurred. Although the causes for this apparent transition in mobility and hunting strategies are not fully understood, it is suggested that they may be related to paleoenvironmental changes which influenced the abundance, reliability and access to ungulate and salmon resources. It is postulated that decreased temperatures and increased coniferous forests would have led to reduced ungulate populations, which in turn could have provided the incentive for hunter-gatherers to broaden their selection of food resources, and led to increased salmon utilization ca. 4000 B.P.

}, author = {Ian Kuijt} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9069, title = {Archaeology and the Media}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {304-308}, editor = {Marina La Salle} } @article {11115, title = {What Makes Us Squirm{\textemdash}A Critical Assessment of Community-Oriented Archaeology}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {164-180}, abstract = {

We provide a critical response to Andrew Martindale and Natasha Lyons\’ 2014 special section on Community-Oriented Archaeology (Canadian Journal of Archaeology Volume 38, Issue 2), discussing the authors\’ definitions, interpretations, and motivations around archaeology and community. By not defining archaeology in terms of how it is most commonly practiced, we argue the collective work misses the mark, with serious consequences for descendent communities. We show how Community-Oriented Archaeology appropriates the challenge posed to archaeologists to make their discipline relevant and responsive to Indigenous communities; instead, the authors foreground archaeology itself and reaffirm the privilege of non-Indigenous archaeologists, especially academic archaeologists. By considering what is excluded and taken-for-granted, we examine the special section in terms of selection bias and revisionist history. We suggest Community-Oriented Archaeology co-opts aspects of Indigenous, critical, and radical discourses to legitimize the institution and practice, in the process forgetting what is at stake for Indigenous peoples. Rather than focusing on the needs of archaeology and archaeologists, we emphasize the interests of Indigenous communities and address uncomfortable truths about institutional racism and systemic inequality. As the editors had hoped, Community-Oriented Archaeology makes us \“squirm,\” but not for the reasons they intended.

}, author = {Marina La Salle and Rich Hutchings} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9025, title = {Les Habitudes Alimentaires des Habitants De L{\textquoteright}{\^I}lot Hunt(CeEt-110) de 1850 {\`A} 1900: {\'E}tude Arch{\'e}ozoologique}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {221-224}, editor = {Yves Labr{\`e}che} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9087, title = {Ethnoarchaeology in Action}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {183-186}, editor = {Yves Labr{\`e}che} } @article {9675, title = {Curiosities, Collectors and Housepits in Banff National Park: The First Protected Archaeological Site in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {47-81}, abstract = {

This paper considers the beginnings of archaeological research in Banff National Park and the prominent role played by a housepit site at the Banff Springs golf course. As the Rocky Mountains were first explored, Banff was a focus for early scientific activity, including archaeology. Foremost among the amateur collectors in the late 19th and early 20th century were Bill Peyto, guide and warden, and Norman Bethune Sanson, curator of the Banff Park Museum. Professional archaeologist Harlan I. Smith came to Banff in 1913 from the Victoria Memorial Museum in Ottawa to bring order to the Banff Park Museum collections. All three were involved in recording the housepit site, the first professional archaeological work in Alberta, resulting in the first formally protected archaeological site in Canada. While archaeologists have since discovered housepit sites in other parts of Banff NP, they are unknown elsewhere in the province or in the Rocky Mountains. Without the historic record, modern archaeologists would be unaware of a significant site that was ultimately destroyed, even though it was in a protected area.

}, author = {LANGEMANN, E. Gwyn and Sheila Greaves} } @article {9677, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {125-127}, author = {Martha A. Latta} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9243, title = {Pottery in Archaeology, Clive Orton}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {147-149}, editor = {Martha A. Latta} } @article {9676, title = {Identification of the 17th Century French Missions in Eastern Huronia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {147-171}, abstract = {

This paper examines the existing information concerning the identification and location of 17th century French mission sites in the area of eastern Huronia, in southern Ontario. Models based on cartographic and documentary evidence are evaluated and shown to contain internal contradictions which reduce their predictive power. Traditional criteria for the archaeological identification of mission sites are also inadequate, but two new techniques offer hope that this goal is finally within reach.

}, author = {Martha A. Latta} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9242, title = {Teaching Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century (Susan J. Bender and George S. Smith, editors) and The Archaeology Education Handbook: Sharing the Past with Kids}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {150-156}, editor = {Martha A. Latta} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9442, title = {Domestic Life at Les Forges du Saint-Maurice}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {092-094}, editor = {Martha Latta} } @article {9678, title = {A Groswater Palaeoeskimo Component at the Dorset Palaeoeskimo Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden Site, Port au Choix, Northwestern Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {311-336}, abstract = {

This paper describes the Groswater tool assemblage present in the Dorset Palaeoeskimo site of Phillip\’s Garden (EeBi-1), Port au Choix, Newfoundland. To explain Groswater presence at the site, six tool categories are quantitatively and qualitatively examined and compared to tool assemblages from two adjacent Groswater sites, Phillip\’s Garden East (EeBi-1) and Phillip\’s Garden West (EeBi-11). Five models are tested to assess the relationship amongst these three sites. It is concluded that the Groswater component at Phillip\’s Garden primarily represents an extension of the Groswater occupation at Phillip\’s Garden West. We argue that Phillip\’s Garden was a particularly suitable location for landing harp seals whose carcasses were then reduced into transportable meat packages destined for Phillip\’s Garden West.

}, author = {Dominique Lavers and Renouf, M.A.P.} } @inbook {11029, title = {The Qugyuk Site (ObRw-1) and the Archaeology of the Eastern Mackenzie Delta}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {193-211}, abstract = {The Qugyuk site (ObRw-1) is a multi-component site located on the north shore of Harrowby Bay, Cape Bathurst Peninsula, N.W.T. The site has up to 60 cm of deposits, with evidence of prehistoric Inuit, Arctic Small Tool tradition, and Northwest Microblade tradition occupations. However, because of intensive cryoturbation, the earlier two occupations could only be separated on the basis of typology. Five radiocarbon dates on caribou bone suggest that the earlier two occupations dated to 2600-2050 BC and 3100-2600 BC respectively. The Northwest Microblade tradition component represents part of a larger, presumably seasonal occupation of the Arctic Coastal Plain by interior peoples, presumably to take advantage of caribou herds, muskox, and probably bison.}, author = {Raymond J. Le Blanc}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11010, title = {New Data Relating to the Prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the NOGAP Study Area}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {65-76}, abstract = {This paper deals with the results of archaeological investigations which have shed new light on the prehistory of the Mackenzie Delta Region of the Northwest Territories. In particular, test excavations were conducted at several sites, among them a microblade and burin site (NkTj-1) situated on a late Pleistocene palaeo-channel on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, and two Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) sites located in a dense cluster of 34 sites on the Old Horton River Channel on the Cape Bathurst Peninsula. The assemblage from NkTj-1 is thought to represent a Northwest Microblade tradition component, although there may be evidence of potentially earlier material. Of the two ASTt sites, one (ObRv-1) is clearly related to a distinctive, late ASTt variant found at the Lagoon site (OjRl-3) on Banks Island. The other ASTt site (ObRw-11) has materials which suggest an early Palaeo-Eskimo, Independence I-like occupation. Finally, the location of many of the sites on the Old Horton River Channel is situated in a region where a glassy and vesicular fused rock is being produced by spontaneous combustion of organic-rich mudstones. This material was being exploited for tool production by Palaeo-Eskimo, and possibly other cultures in the region.}, author = {Raymond J. Le Blanc}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11253, title = {A Russian Perspective on Theoretical Archaeology: The Life and Work of Leo S. Klejn}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {360{\textendash}363}, editor = {Andrew P. Roddick} } @article {9679, title = {Mobiliti{\'e} des hominid{\'e}s et syst{\`e}mes d{\textquoteright}exploitation des ressources lithiques au Pal{\'e}olithque Ancien: La Caune de l{\textquoteright}Arago (France)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {048-068}, abstract = {

Currently, for the lower Palaeolithic, there is limited information on hominid mobility and on economic and technological exploitation of raw materials. The archaeological evidence from the Arago cave allows us to use a simplified form of analysis, by which the selection and technological transformation of various raw materials are studied in relation to their availability in the environment. It is shown that fragmentation of the lithic reduction sequence, particularly on varied silicious rocks, depends on the accessibility to the procurement zone. These data also give us information about the territory covered by the hominids during the lower Palaeolithic. The results propose a more opportunistic attitude, and the existence of the capacity to anticipate future needs during the collect of raw material. This conceptual state is found in the technology of the lithic assemblages at the Arago site.

}, author = {Serge Lebel} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9247, title = {Archaeological Reconnaissance at Great Bear Lake}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {226-229}, editor = {Raymond J. LeBlanc} } @article {9680, title = {Macroblade Technology in the Peace River Region of Northwestern Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {001-011}, abstract = {

Evidence of microblade technology is fairly widespread in western North America. Less well-known is the existence of the production and use of large macroblades. Several specimens have appeared in private collections in the Peace country of northwestern Alberta. These specimens are up to 156.3 mm long and 51.2 mm wide, and many are extensively retouched into tools. Comparisons with macroblade specimens in other regions, and geochronological evidence suggest that the Peace specimens are Early Prehistoric in age, possibly 8-10,000 years old.

}, author = {Raymond J. LeBlanc and Milton J. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9303, title = {The Campus Site{\textemdash}A Prehistoric Camp at Fairbankz, Alaska}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {122-123}, editor = {Raymond LeBlanc} } @article {9681, title = {The Bezya Site: A Wedge-Shaped Core Assemblage from Northeastern Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {059-098}, abstract = {

The Bezya site (HhOv-73) is a wedge-shaped core, microblade and burin producing site located approximately 70 km north of Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta. The site was discovered in 1980 during an archaeological inventory of the former Alsands tar sands lease, an area characterized by a patchwork of muskeg, interspersed with various combinations of aspen, spruce and pine. An assemblage which includes microcores, microblades, a notched transverse burin, burin spalls, fluted and platform element preparation and rejuvenation ridge flakes, core tablets and edge modified and unmodified debitage was concentrated in a 16 square metre area at 10 to 60 cm below surface. Cross fitting suggests a high degree of assemblage coherence, despite the vertical and horizontal dispersion. A composite sample of charcoal from the main microblade producing zone yielded a date of 3900 B.P. Within Alberta, the assemblage exhibits technological and morphological similarities with surface finds of microcores from the Calgary area in southern Alberta. However, the collection has the most intriguing parallels in terms of methods of core production and core morphology with Campus = Denali microblade assemblages extending on a northwest axis through the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska.

}, author = {Raymond J. LeBlanc and John W. Ives} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9241, title = {Northern Ethnographic Landscapes: Perspectives for Circumpolar Nations}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {121-123}, editor = {Craig M. Lee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9214, title = {The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {383-386}, editor = {Ellen Lee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9248, title = {Origin and Spread of Microblade Technology in Northern Asia and North America}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {309-312}, editor = {Craig M. Lee} } @article {11038, title = {Mixed Messages: Deciphering the Okanagan{\textquoteright}s Historic McDougall Family}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {241-256}, abstract = {

Historical Archaeology is founded on the process of cross-referencing written historical records with archaeological remains, yet the demand to reconcile contradictions between historical and archaeological data can restrict analytical results. In a recent study of the ethnicity of the Okanagan{\textquoteright}s historical McDougall Family (1859{\textendash}1905), historical and genealogical records suggested that the family was increasingly identifying with their Indigenous (Syilx) kin and community (Legault 2012). An archaeological survey of the vernacular architecture of M{\'e}tis trader Jean Baptiste McDougall and his sons contradict the historical data, as the five houses studied increasingly exhibit features associated with upper class Euro-Canadian society. The discrepancies between the data sets are not indicative of a problem with the written and material assemblages, but are rather a matter of theoretical orientation. By overcoming the binary analysis (colonizer/colonized) that is typically prescribed to historical peoples during the colonial period and instead employing nuanced notions of hybridity, the results suggest that the McDougall family was replicating the complex and contradictory identification that is commonly found amongst people of M{\'e}tis and/or mixed Indigenous and Euro-Canadian heritage.

}, author = {Gabrielle Legault} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11542, title = {Unsettling Mobility: Mediating Mi{\textquoteright}kmaw Sovereignty in Post-contact Nova Scotia}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {343-346}, editor = {M. Gabriel Hrynick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9149, title = {Engendering Archaeology: Women in Prehistory}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {143-147}, editor = {Genevieve LeMoine} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9250, title = {The Archaeological Northeast}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {073-077}, editor = {Kevin Leonard} } @article {11803, title = {Foraging New Ground: Documenting Ancient Resource and Environmental Management in Canadian Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {057-073}, author = {Dana Lepofsky and Chelsey Geralda Armstrong} } @article {9682, title = {Coast Salish Interaction: A View from the Inlets}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {190-223}, abstract = {

Ethnographic and archaeological accounts document a complex web of socio-economic and religious networks among Coast Salish communities. While these accounts provide a general understanding of interactions among some Coast Salish groups, our knowledge of social relations among specific groups is uneven. In particular, we know little about social interactions among the people living in upper Burrard Inlet and Indian Arm (the \"Inlet Locality\"). We analyze faunal remains, plant remains, and lithics recovered from Late Phase (\ 1200-250_BP) deposits of the settlement of Say-Umiton (DhRr-18) and compare these results to data collected from the previously excavated sites of Tum-tu-may-whueton (Belcarra Park) and Whey-Ah-Wichen (Cates Park). In particular, we use the source and abundance of archaeological remains as a proxy for determining the degree of interaction among the inlet peoples and between the inlet peoples and other communities. Our results demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of resources recovered at these settlements were acquired locally and few resources were acquired from outside the Inlet Locality. This suggests that while the people of the Inlets were linked to broader socio-economic spheres, their interactions were firmly rooted in the Inlet Locality. These data support the idea that in the past, as today, the people of the Inlets formed a regional social network within the broad Coast Salish social continuum.

}, author = {Dana Lepofsky and Teresa Trost and Jesse Morin} } @article {9683, title = {Settlement and Shell-Bearing Site Diversity in the Sechelt Inlet System, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {280-328}, abstract = {

This paper presents results from a survey of Salmon and Narrows Inlets, in the traditional territory of the sh{\'\i}sh{\'a}lh First Nation on the Sunshine Coast, British Columbia. It focuses on shell-bearing habitation sites. Detailed constituent analysis of auger samples provides a means of exploring the types of human action and post-depositional processes that shaped these sites and forming hypotheses regarding settlement and subsistence. Habitation sites are concentrated around limited productive resource patches and strategic access points that would have allowed people to monitor and control movement through the inlets. Preliminary indicators suggest a settlement pattern that was at times similar to that recorded ethnographically for the sh{\'\i}sh{\'a}lh, with people moving from large winter aggregations on the outer coast to smaller dispersed camps in the inlets beginning in the spring and continuing through to the fall. This study contributes an analysis of a particular landscape that can be added to the growing understanding of the diverse \‘mosaic\’ of settlement and land use history across the Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Bryn Letham} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9226, title = {The Jeffersons at Shadwell}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {336-338}, editor = {Jennifer Lewis} } @article {11534, title = {The World of Capitena Ioannis: Basques and Inuit in the Seventeenth Century}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {173-211}, abstract = {It is often thought that Europeans left Labrador about 1630, and that only Inuit populated the territory until French colonisation in 1703. This paper shows that Basques from Spain were present in the Strait of Belle Isle and Gran Baya, the northeast arm of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, throughout the seventeenth century. Thus, the Basque presence was roughly coterminous with Inuit expansion into this region. Using both historical and archaeological sources, the paper first summarises evidence that Basque navigation to the study area continued without interruption until about 1700. Secondly, it shows that Basques from Spain engaged in sealing and suggests that the seal economy brought them into direct contact with the Inuit, either as competitors or collaborators. Thirdly, it analyses traces of Basque cultural influences in seventeenth-century Inuit society.}, author = {Brad Loewen} } @article {9684, title = {Holocene Shoreline Occupations and Water-Level Changes at Lac M{\'e}gantic, Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {267-288}, abstract = {

Archaeological questions concerning lake water levels are often related to the viability of past shoreline occupations. They become more complex when the lake\’s present \“natural\” level is unknown, as is the case at Lac M{\'e}gantic, southeastern Qu{\'e}bec, which has a 12,000-year-long cultural sequence. One lakeside site, Plage-Duquette, was occupied during two periods, 8800\–7800 and 6800\–5800 cal BP, but its low elevation raises questions about its springtime viability. In 2003, an underwater survey identified the shoreline prior to damming in 1893. Related geological analysis of a submerged terrace indicated it was exposed for hundreds or thousands of years at an unknown time in the postglacial past. This is corroborated by lake studies in the Northeast that show a drop in water levels below today\’s values between 8800 and 5100 cal BP. The 4-m difference between mid-Holocene and pre-1893 levels at Lac M{\'e}gantic gives rise to a re-evaluation of prehistoric shoreline occupations. We conclude that the level of Lac M{\'e}gantic was significantly lower during the mid-Holocene than today and that this level modifies our understanding of Plage-Duquette and other sites.

}, author = {Brad Loewen and Claude Chapdelaine and Pierre J. H. Richard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11540, title = {Contact in the 16th Century: Networks among Fishers, Foragers and Farmers}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {338-339}, editor = {Matthew A. Beaudoin} } @article {9685, title = {The Basques in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Adjacent Shores}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {213-266}, abstract = {

Basque seasonal activity in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is known from 1517 to 1767. Basque sites show distinctive patterns of spatial distribution, structures, material culture, and type of activity. They follow a four-period chronology, where periods of relative equilibrium are separated by geopolitical watershed events. The distribution and nature of Basque sites vary according to these periods. For each period, we analyse a major site: Red Bay (1530\–1580), Anse {\`a} la Cave (1580\–1630), Petit-M{\'e}catina (1630\–1713), and Pabos (1713\–1760). The material culture found on these sites reflects the evolution of supply networks in the Basque Country: a single Gipuzkoan network gives way to two parallel networks based in the provinces of Lapurdi and Bizkaia. The longevity and resilience of the Basque presence are explained by a solid grounding in the Euro-Atlantic staple trades, and by the Basques\’ customary role in strengthening Franco-Spanish relations.

}, author = {Brad Loewen and Vincent Delmas} } @article {9686, title = {Freezing Block Lifts with Dry Ice}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {173-177}, author = {Judith A. Logan and James A. Tuck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9254, title = {Perishable Material Culture in the Northeast}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {124-127}, editor = {Judith A. Logan} } @Symposium Papers {10998, title = {A consideration of the effects of the demise of bison on the subsistence economy of Fort Victoria: A late 19th century Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company Post}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {162-182}, author = {Timothy~C.~Losey and Gabriella~Prager} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9132, title = {A Guide to Basic Archaeological Field Procedures}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {167-168}, editor = {Timothy C. Losey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9239, title = {Early Earthquakes of the Americas}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {387-389}, editor = {Robert Losey} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9153, title = {In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {349-353}, editor = {Jonathan C. Lothrop} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9349, title = {Snake Hill: An Investigation of a Military Cemetery from the War of 1812}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {125-127}, editor = {Nancy C. Lovell} } @article {9688, title = {Prehistoric Salmon Consumption in Interior British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {099-106}, abstract = {

Carbon isotopic analysis of remnant protein in human bone has been used to examine the relative amounts of marine and terrestrial protein in the diets of prehistoric inhabitants of the interior of British Columbia. The results provide a test of the analytical method and indicate that marine protein was of great importance to these people.

}, author = {N.C. Lovell and B.S. Chisholm and D.E. Nelson and H.P. Schwarcz} } @article {9689, title = {An Archaeological Application of Seismic Refraction Profiling Technique}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {155-164}, abstract = {

The geophysical technique of refraction seismic profiling can provide archaeologists with a technique useful for both the prior estimation of site volume and the post-excavation interpretation of the sedimentation process at archaeological sites. This technique is not universally applicable, for the determination of depth of deposit depends upon a relatively large density difference between the cultural and sterile soils. This method is especially useful in probing the depth of shell-midden deposits, but has not been applied as yet to other types of low-density cultural deposits. The theory of the method is presented as well as an example from the Glenrose Cannery Site (DgRr-6).

}, author = {Thomas Loy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11043, title = {Archaeology of the War of 1812}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {352-354}, editor = {Henry C. Cary} } @article {9690, title = {Identification and Dating of Lea and Perrins{\textquoteright} Worcestershire Sauce Bottles on Canadian Historic Sites: Interpretations Past and Present}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {001-017}, abstract = {

A review of historical and archaeological information on Lea and Perrins\&$\#$39; Worcestershire Sauce bottles in North America reveals that past identification and dating of these bottles found on Canadian sites are generally incorrect due to inappropriate use of American-oriented data. Consequently, an alternative approach to identifying and dating Lea and Perrins\&$\#$39; bottles from Canadian contexts is examined and presented in this paper.

}, author = {Kevin Lunn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9053, title = {The Economic Prehistory of Namu. I}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {134-136}, editor = {R.Lee Lyman} } @article {9691, title = {Sourcing Archaeobotanical Remains: Taphonomic Insights from a Midden Analysis on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {28-54}, abstract = {

Paleoethnobotany in the Northwest Coast is in the process of developing methodological conventions and establishing the range and sophistication of questions that can be asked of its data. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of archaeobotanical remains from three Haida village middens, focusing in particular on the taphonomic concerns that face palaeoethnobotanists during analysis and interpretation. We explore the process of sourcing the various types of remains encountered in midden contexts in an attempt to distinguish those that are culturally vs. naturally deposited. Determining the origins of different constituents of archaeobotanical assemblages is the first step towards interpretation and the ability to address questions of broader social and economic import.

}, author = {Natasha Lyons and Trevor J. Orchard} } @article {11813, title = {Looking Both Ways at Community-Oriented Archaeologies in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {172-183}, author = {Natasha Lyons and Susan Blair} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13486, title = {Archaeologies of Indigenous Presence}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {209-212}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.209}, editor = {Natasha Lyons} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9360, title = {Field Seasons: Reflections on Career Paths and Research in American Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {341-344}, editor = {Natasha Lyons} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9260, title = {Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {319-323}, editor = {Natasha Lyons} } @article {9692, title = {Memory, Practice, Telling Community}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {496-518}, abstract = {

Indigenous and ethnocultural communities commonly invoke a sense of community and heritage through the memory and practice of specific culturally-valued, land- and sea-based activities. Two ways in which these vital connections between people and activities are manifested is through the sharing of stories and the making and use of objects. We view both narratives and objects as storehouses of cultural memory: they enable individuals to generate and share remembered experiences; and to create and hold onto the connections, relations, and belonging that constitute community. We explore the idea of community through four \“tellings\” drawn from narratives and objects. The first two tellings are a sequence of memories about trapping and hunting shared by two Inuvialuit Elders of the Canadian Western Arctic. The second two tellings are stories from a series of whaling amulets made by and for Maori of New Zealand/Aotearoa. Our approach works to problematize how we define archaeological \“objects\” and moves towards an understanding of how memory evokes cultural practices that create and sustain communities of the past and present.

}, author = {Natasha Lyons and Yvonne Marshall} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9003, title = {Gender and the Archaeology of Death}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {340-343}, editor = {Diane Lyons} } @article {9693, title = {Person, Place, Memory, Thing: How Inuit Elders are Informing Archaeological Practice in the Canadian North}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {1-31}, abstract = {

Inuit Elders from the West Coast of Hudson Bay, Canada remember the past to serve the present. This paper describes a mapping and oral history project that is gathering Elders\’ knowledge of the people, places, sites, and resources that populated their vast traditional territory. We discuss the Elders\’ conception of this work within the framework of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangiit (Inuit knowledge) and how these understandings are actively contributing to the form and direction of the project. We explore how the Elders\’ knowledge is used to inform and animate the archaeological findings of the project. These broader discussions are focused around an examination of the tentative links between an historic Inuit trader named Ullebuk (Ouligbuk) and archaeological features uncovered at a site located near Arviat, Nunavut. Finally, we discuss how the Elders\’ work is trained on the goal of serving their people, particularly the rapidly expanding population of Inuit youth.

}, author = {Natasha Lyons and Dawson, Peter and Matthew Walls and Donald Uluadluak and Louis Angalik and Mark Kalluak and Philip Kigusiutuak and Luke Kiniksi and Joe~Karetak and Luke Suluk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11118, title = {Where the Wind Blows Us: Practicing Critical Community Archaeology in the Canadian North}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {209-212}, editor = {Laurence G. Bolduc} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9071, title = {Archaeozoological Studies}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {170-172}, editor = {Anne M. and John H. Rick} } @Obituaries {9936, title = {Diamond Jenness (1886{\textendash}1969)}, volume = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {043-045}, author = {G.F.~MacDonald} } @Symposium Papers {10982, title = {An Overview of Canadian Prehistory for the Last Decade}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {047-054}, author = {George F. MacDonald} } @article {9694, title = {The Myers Road Site: Shedding New Light on Regional Diversity in Settlement Patterns}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {207-211}, author = {Robert J. MacDonald and Carol Naismith Ramsden and Ronald F. Williamson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9036, title = {African Material Culture (Arnoldi, Geary and Hardin, eds.); Traditional Metal Working in Kenya}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {081-084}, editor = {Scott MacEachern} } @article {11804, title = {Archaeology and Sea Level Change on the British Columbia Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {074-091}, author = {Quentin Mackie and Daryl Fedje and Duncan McLaren} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9051, title = {New Perspectives in Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {188-190}, editor = {Donald MacLeod} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9131, title = {Gifts from the Ancestors: Ancient Ivories of the Bering Strait}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {194-198}, editor = {Ian J. MacRae} } @article {9696, title = {A Possible Fluteplayer Pictograph Site Near Exshaw, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {001-024}, abstract = {

Thirty-five years ago Thelma Habgood described a faint pictograph at the Grotto Canyon site in southwestern Alberta as a possible \“Kokopelli\” image. Polarized light photography undertaken in 2001 has greatly enhanced the pictograph panel, clearly revealing a possible fluteplayer motif and anthropomorphs that resemble the southwestern Fremont style. Even though certain elements of the panel may have been created at different times, we conclude that the site may be related to Hopi traditions concerning northward travels of the Flute Clan, although other explanations certainly cannot be discounted.

}, author = {Martin P.R. Magne and Michael A. Klassen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9468, title = {Understanding Stone Tools: A Cognitive Approach}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {187-191}, editor = {Martin P.R. Magne} } @article {9695, title = {Moving On: Expanding Perspectives on Athapaskan Migration}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {212-239}, abstract = {

Our recent book, \"Athapaskan Migrations: The Archaeology of Eagle Lake, British Columbia\" (Matson and Magne 2007) is mainly a synthesis of the fieldwork conducted on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia between 1979 and 1985 and analyses carried out at that time and more recently. It is also an attempt to place this B.C. material within the context of our knowledge of the large scale Athapaskan migrations across most of western North America. Here we provide clarifications about our research, report recent analytical results, and discuss conceptual advances that we believe can yield increased understanding of migrations.

}, author = {Martin P. R. Magne and R. G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9453, title = {Archaeological Investigations at Cache Creek (EeRh-3)}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {229-233}, editor = {Martin Magne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9191, title = {Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {132-134}, editor = {Martin P.R. Magne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9227, title = {Art of the Warriors: Rock Art of the American Plains}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {128-130}, editor = {Martin P.R. Magne} } @article {11539, title = {Collaborative Public Archaeology in Manitoba: The Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach Project at Brandon University}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {330-337}, abstract = {In collaboration with the Manitoba Archaeological Society (MAS) and Association of Manitoba Museums (AMM), the Department of Anthropology at Brandon University (BU) developed a project in support of rural museums in southwestern Manitoba. The project provided museums with identifications of their precontact artifacts, gave senior undergraduate archaeology students valuable career-related experience and produced a research-quality database of the material held by three rural museums. Student participants were enrolled in a six-week long summer course called 12:441 Rural Museum Archaeological Outreach that was offered for the first time in the summer of 2015. It was deemed a success by the students, participating museums and collaborating organizations. The approach may inspire other university, archaeological society, and museum association partnerships in different parts of Canada. For those interested, a more detailed description and discussion of this project is published in Manitoba Archaeological Journal, Volume 27 and available in the fall of 2017.}, author = {Mary E. Malainey and Gord Hill and Monique Brandt and Beryth Strong} } @article {9697, title = {Preliminary Geochemical Fingerprinting of Dacite Lithic Artifacts from the British Columbia Interior Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {041-061}, author = {Leanne M. Mallory-Greenough and James Baker and and John D. Greenough} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11407, title = {Breaking Ground: The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and the Unearthing of Tse-whit-zen Village}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {128-131}, editor = {Chelsea Meloche} } @article {9699, title = {Ordinateurs et Arch\éologie/ Ethnologie}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {239-243}, author = {Roger Marois} } @article {9698, title = {Comparative Study of French, English, Spanish and Portuguese Terms Related to Prehistoric Pottery Decoration Techniques}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {145-165}, abstract = {

This study constitutes an effort to standardize some French, English, Spanish and Portuguese terms related to the technical aspects of prehistoric ceramic decoration, the purpose being to facilitate understanding and comparison of data within the same language and from one language to another. First presented as a working document, this revised study now expresses the views of the Archaeology Work Group, Pan American Institute of Geography and History. The identification of problems, the will to find solutions and the objective contribution of each participant have enabled us to overcome linguistic barriers within the international community. This pooling of human and financial resources resulted in new perspectives on the skill, creativity and aesthetics of prehistoric potters.

}, author = {Roger Marois and Edward Jelks} } @article {9700, title = {The Significance of Beothuck Carved Bone Pendants}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {139-154}, abstract = {

Decorated bone pendants, associated with Beothuck burials excavated in Newfoundland, are briefly described. These objects are compared with those from other carving traditions known ethnographically and archaeologically from the Northeast. It is concluded that the Beothuck specimens are stylized representations of animals and other beings, and that their use may have been associated with spiritual practices.

}, author = {Ingeborg Marshall} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9327, title = {Equity Issues for Women in Archaeology}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {149-154}, editor = {Holly Martelle-Hayster} } @article {9702, title = {Introduction: {\textquotedblleft}Community-Oriented Archaeology{\textquotedblright}}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {425-433}, author = {Andrew Martindale and Natasha Lyons} } @article {9701, title = {Methodological Issues in the Use of Tsimshian Oral Traditions (Adawx) in Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {158-192}, abstract = {

Tsimshian oral records, called adawx, provide an example of the storytelling capacity within a system that has structuring and, thus, historically translatable referents. Although many can be anticipated, here I focus on chronological order and the creation of a relative sequence of events in the adawx that provide an index to history and the most obvious conjunction to archaeological analyses. I argue that the use of significant moments in history as a means of creating chronological order in oral records may be a universal attribute of cultural historiography that is derived from our use of events as touchstones of memory, a phenomenon that seems to be an aspect of all contextualizations of history.

}, author = {Andrew Martindale} } @article {9703, title = {Archaeology as Federated Knowledge}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {434-465}, abstract = {

The content of archaeological theory is both internally diverse and, as an enterprise, situated within an array of interpretive frameworks that account for and explain history and its source, culture. Contemporary archaeology emerges from various cultural contexts, meaning that our ability to identify vulnerabilities to ethnocentrism may be challenging, if it is even considered. Following feminist and indigenous scholarship, we argue that all archaeology is oriented to some community and propose a taxonomy of archaeologies based on cultural proximity between archaeologist and subject, proximity which itself emerges from philosophical concurrence that we attribute to less-discursive forms of knowledge transmission within and between individuals. We conclude that 1) all archaeological approaches to historical causality can be accommodated within a proximate/ultimate distinction, and 2) that different cultural understandings of history are both historically causal and most productively arranged laterally in a federated scheme. We conclude that the primary archaeological ambition, to understand history, is best served by attention to navigation across these borders.

}, author = {Andrew Martindale and George P. Nicholas} } @article {11116, title = {Archaeology as Partnerships in Practice: A Reply to La Salle and Hutchings}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {181-204}, author = {Andrew Martindale and Natasha Lyons and George Nicholas and Bill~Angelbeck and Sean P. Connaughton and Colin Grier and James~Herbert and Mike Leon and Yvonne Marshall and Angela Piccini and David M. Schaepe and Kisha Supernant and Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9265, title = {Archaeology and Colonialism: Cultural Contact from 5000 BC to Present (Chris Gosden) and The Archaeology of Contact in Settler Societies}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {131-136}, editor = {Andrew Martindale} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9264, title = {Archaeological Semiotics}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {143-146}, editor = {Andrew Martindale} } @article {11811, title = {The Future of History in Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {154-164}, author = {Andrew Martindale} } @article {9704, title = {Northern Tsimshian Elderberry Use in the Late Pre-contact to Post-contact Era}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {254-280}, abstract = {

The use of plant resources in two Northern Tsimshian habitation sites-Ginakangeek (GbTh-2) and Psacelay (GbTh-4)-can be mapped from recovered floral seed remains of three berries, most notably red elderberries (Sambucus racemosa). Seed remains recovered from occupational surfaces and midden deposits represent both the spatial distribution of plant-related activities and the relative frequency of plant use through the contact era, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. We argue that these data demonstrate a correspondence between the spatial and social organization of Northern Tsimshian households and present evidence of the changing role of subsistence economics of the extended family network through contact with Europeans and the rise of a market economy.

}, author = {Andrew Martindale and Irena Jurakic} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9263, title = {Do Glaciers Listen? Local Knowledge, Colonial Encounters, and Social Imagination}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {272-274}, editor = {Andrew Martindale} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9093, title = {The McCluskey site}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {177-180}, editor = {Ronald J. Mason} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9266, title = {Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Indian Oral Traditions}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {296-298}, editor = {Ronald J. Mason} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9328, title = {Practicing Archaeology: A Training Manual for Cultural Resources Archaeology and Cultural Resources Archaeology: An Introduction}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {335-339}, editor = {Andrew R. Mason} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9282, title = {Since the Time of the Transformers: The Ancient Heritage of the Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht, and Makah}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {157-161}, editor = {Andrew Mason} } @article {9705, title = {Maple Sugaring Again; or The Dog That Did Nothing in the Night}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {099-107}, abstract = {

Negative evidence still remains the most important reason for rejecting the aboriginal use of maple sugar in North America.

}, author = {Carol I. Mason} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12545, title = {Out of the Cold: Archaeology on the Arctic Rim of North America}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {247-248}, editor = {Liam Frink} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13191, title = {Feeding Cahokia: Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {135-137}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.135}, editor = {Lindi J. Masur} } @Symposium Papers {10983, title = {Late Quaternary Environmental History Affecting Human History of the Pacific Northwest}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {145-156}, author = {William Mathews} } @article {9706, title = {The Identification of Animals on Ontario Iroquois Pipes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {031-048}, abstract = {

Zoologists and ornithologists examined photographs of the fauna on more than 500 Ontario Iroquoian smoking pipes. In general they concluded that 1. with a few exceptions, most animals are so stylized that they can only be identified within broad general categories and 2. there appears to be little evidence for some of the identifications made in the past. General problems pertaining to identification are discussed, as well as the possibility that at least some of the beings may represent supernaturals.

}, author = {Zena Pearlstone Mathews} } @article {9707, title = {Investigating "WH": A Nineteenth Century Burial from L{\textquoteright}Anse au Loup, Labrador}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {101-116}, abstract = {

The discovery, excavation, and analysis of a human skeleton, a nearly complete set of clothing, and other cultural remains from a burial at L\&$\#$39;Anse au Loup, Labrador, in 1987, provide an example of co-ordinated investigation by an osteologist and a conservator. Study of the skeleton and preserved hair indicate the remains to be those of a young adult black male. Loss of an arm may have contributed to his death. Conservation treatment and analysis of the clothing suggest a costume dating to the early nineteenth century. Initials scratched into an associated pocket knife handle and shoe sole provide a clue to identity. Together the work of the osteologist and conservator reveal \&$\#$39;WH\&$\#$39; to have been a young black sailor working and dying on the Strait of Belle Isle in the early part of the nineteenth century.

}, author = {C. Mathias and S.M. Jerkic} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9186, title = {A Complex Culture of the British Columbia Plateau, Traditional Stl{\textquoteright}atl{\textquoteright}imx Resource Use}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {156-160}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9268, title = {Household Archaeology on the Northwest Coast}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {129-132}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9322, title = {Analysis of Artifacts From Four Duke Point Area Sites, Near Nanaimo, B.C.; an Example of Cultural Continuity in the Southern Gulf of Georgia Region}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {197-200}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9050, title = {Chaco and After in the Northern San Juan: Excavation at the Bluff Great House}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {313-316}, editor = {R. G. Matson} } @article {9708, title = {Canadian Contributions to Mesoamerican Gender Studies}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {67-81}, abstract = {

Fifty years ago archaeologists called for a more anthropological perspective on the archaeological past; 25 years later a handful of archaeologists began the investigation of an engendered past. Due to the rich archaeological, ethnohistorical, and art historical evidence available for the study of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, this region has been the subject of numerous gender studies. Scholars from the University of Calgary have been at the forefront of this movement, beginning with the 1989 Chacmool conference, The Archaeology of Gender, the first international gathering on the subject. The theme was recently revisited with the Que(e)rying Archaeology conference. This paper outlines Canadian contributions to the field of Mesoamerican gender.

}, author = {Geoffrey G. McCafferty and Sharisse D. McCafferty} } @article {9709, title = {A Thule Eskimo Stone Vessel Complex}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {021-049}, abstract = {

Diabase picks with ground tips were found at two Thule Eskimo sites (A.D. 1100-1300) in the central Canadian Arctic. These picks were probably used to manufacture stone cooking vessels of local dolomite. Similar pecked dolomite surfaces can be created experimentally with hand-held or hafted diabase picks. This Thule vessel manufacturing technique is similar to that used in shaping steatite vessels in the eastern and western U.S. Dolomite vessels appear most frequently at Thule sites in the central Canadian Arctic, whereas pottery vessels are common in the western Arctic and steatite vessels are common in the eastern Arctic. Local dolomite was probably used for containers where pottery and steatite were available in only limited quantity. Heavy dolomite vessels would typically be left at permanent winter village sites when Thule Eskimos left for spring-summer activities elsewhere. The presence of nonlocal pottery and steatite at these and similar sites reflects widespread trade networks for the movement of these materials.

}, author = {Allen P. McCartney and James M. Savelle} } @Symposium Papers {10958, title = {Conservation archaeology in the Canadian Arctic}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {162-175}, author = {Allen~P.~McCartney} } @article {9710, title = {The Tozer Site Revisited: Implications for the Early Woodland Period in New Brunswick}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {157-166}, author = {Paul McEachen and Patricia Allen and Patrick Julig and Darrel G.F. Long} } @Symposium Papers {10984, title = {The Past Ten Years in Canadian Arctic Prehistory}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {065-077}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9277, title = {The Norse Discovery of America}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {246-248}, editor = {Robert McGhee} } @article {9713, title = {Technological Change in the Prehistoric Eskimo Cultural Tradition}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {039-052}, abstract = {Archaeologists generally interpret technological change on the level of {\textquotedblleft}industries{\textquotedblright} in functional terms, based on judgements of relative efficiency. Changes in several industries (chipped stone, ground slate, ceramics, bone) are traced through the 4000 year Eskimo cultural tradition, The patterns of technological development and replacement seen in these industries do not closely fit the models of technological change which we would expect if functional utility was the only factor causing change. It is argued that changes in technological industries may be usefully interpreted in terms of concepts such as {\textquotedblleft}style{\textquotedblright}. In pre-Industrial societies in which most people are both craftsmen and consumers of their own craft items, archaeological interpretation might usefully place more emphasis on individuals as craftsmen rather than solely as consumers of the most functionally efficient artifacts available to them.}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @article {9712, title = {Who Owns Prehistory. The Bering Land Bridge Dilemma}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {013-020}, abstract = {

Prehistoric archaeologists are confronted by a growing world-wide movement by indigenous peoples to reclaim their history and heritage. In some countries, this movement has resulted in significantly decreased access by archaeologists to the basic data of their study. Recent statements by Canadian Indian leaders indicate that prehistoric archaeology in Canada may soon be similarly constrained. The argument for such constraint will be based on the contention that archaeological interpretations of the past denigrate native cultural heritage and belief, and contribute to the cultural and social problems of contemporary native communities. Archaeologists should be aware of the divergences between archaeological interpretations of the past and those of native leaders; the question of Indian origins is discussed as an example of such divergence.

}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @article {9711, title = {Ivory for the Sea Woman: The Symbolic Attributes of a Prehistoric Technology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {141-149}, abstract = {

An attempt is made to document the differential use of ivory and antler by craftsmen of the prehistoric Thule culture, the ancestors of the Arctic Inuit. The association of particular materials with certain classes of artifacts suggests that selection of raw materials may have involved other than empirically functional criteria. It is suggested that these materials may have had symbolic, as well as purely functional, attributes in the minds of Thule craftsmen, and that these attributes may have been part of a symbolic system ancestral to that which can be derived from an interpretation of historic Inuit myth and custom.

}, author = {Robert McGhee} } @Symposium Papers {10995, title = {An individual view of Canadian Eskimo prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {55-75}, author = {Robert~McGhee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9274, title = {Honoring our Elders: A History of Eastern Arctic Archaeology}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {330-331}, editor = {Robert McGhee} } @article {9813, title = {Parsimony isn{\textquoteright}t everything: An alternative view of Eskaleutian linguistics and prehistory}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {60-81}, author = {Robert~McGhee} } @article {9714, title = {Relict Shorelines and Shell Middens of the Dundas Island Archipelago}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {086-116}, abstract = {

The Dundas Island Archipelago of north coastal British Columbia lies close to a sea level \“hinge\” between two regions with very different sea level histories during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition: as much as a 200 m vertical shoreline regression to the east and a 150 m vertical shoreline transgression to the west. Based on diatom identifications from lake-basin cores, combined with supporting relative sea level indicators, we developed a sea level curve for the Dundas Islands which shows a slow regression of shorelines from +13 m down to modern levels over the last 12,000 years. This sea level history was used to aid survey for archaeological sites dating to the pre-5000 B.P. period. Test excavation and sampling of these sites showed occupation along the regressive shoreline beginning as early as 9690 B.P. The elevations, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon ages of the archaeological materials are consistent with the relative sea level curve based on palaeo-environmental data points. This research methodology has yielded the first early Holocene archaeological data from Coast Tsimshian territory with potential to push the archaeological record back into the Pleistocene epoch.

}, author = {Duncan McLaren and Andrew Martindale and Daryl Fedje and Quentin Mackie} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9284, title = {Lost World: Rewriting Prehistory {\textemdash} How New Science is Tracing America{\textquoteright}s Ice Age Mariners}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {332-334}, editor = {Alan D. McMillan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9283, title = {Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7, Northwest Coast}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {237-247}, editor = {Alan D. McMillan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9082, title = {The Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex: The Rockshelter (45CA21), 1,000{\textendash}100 B.P., Olympic Peninsula, Washington}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {133-136}, editor = {Alan D. McMillan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11945, title = {These Outer Shores: Archaeological Insights into Indigenous Lifeways Along the Exposed Coasts of British Columbia}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {294-297}, editor = {Katherine Patton} } @article {12859, title = {Monterey Shells and Trade Copper: A Glimpse into the Early Contact Period from a Nuu-Chah-Nulth Outer-Coast Lookout Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {001-019}, abstract = {

The Nuu-chah-nulth of western Vancouver Island used lookout sites on small outer-coast islands to observe the movements of sea mammals and canoes, and later the trading ships arriving with cargoes of new goods. A trench excavated across the upper surface of one such site yielded an artifact assemblage typical of late Nuu-chah-nulth sites, along with radiocarbon dates indicating use over the few centuries prior to contact with Europeans. Three artifacts of introduced materials reveal that this location continued in use into the early decades of contact. Copper and California abalone shells ({\textquotedblleft}Monterey shells{\textquotedblright}) were two of the earliest and most important trade materials during the maritime fur trade. Indigenous demand was for the raw material, which was re-worked into decorative items of traditional form. The excavation results provide a rare glimpse into this early contact period, with no admixture of later manufactured objects. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources provide context to interpret these discoveries.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.1}, author = {Alan D. McMillan and Denis E. St. Claire} } @article {9717, title = {Visual Punning and the Whale{\textquoteright}s Tail: AMS Dating of a Marpole-Age Art Object}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {212-218}, author = {Alan D. McMillan and D.E. Nelson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9314, title = {The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {348-351}, editor = {Alan D. McMillan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9462, title = {A History of the Native People of Canada (10,000 to 1,000 B.C.), Vol.1.}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {090-093}, editor = {Alan D. McMillan} } @article {9716, title = {Changing Views of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History: Evidence of Population Replacement in Barkley sound}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {005-018}, abstract = {

Most reconstructions of Nuu-chah-nulth culture history, including the generalized West Coast culture type, are based primarily on the lengthy cultural sequence known from Yuquot, at the entrance to Nootka Sound. More recent work further to the south has raised questions about past interpretations. Excavations at Ch\&$\#$39;uumat\&$\#$39;a, in western Barkley Sound, revealed an occupational history spanning much the same time period as Yuquot. Materials from the earlier levels at this site most closely resemble those known from the Strait of Georgia, particularly in the Locarno Beach stage, suggesting a long period of occupation prior to Nuu-chah-nulth arrival.

}, author = {Alan D. McMillan} } @article {9715, title = {Exploring Variability in Maritime Resource Use on the Northwest Coast: A Case Study from Barkley Sound, Western Vancouver Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {214-238}, abstract = {

Understanding the broad patterns of cultural processes on the Northwest Coast requires specific studies of local variability. This paper draws on ethnographic and archaeological data to examine changing patterns of maritime resource use in one locality: Barkley Sound, western Vancouver Island. We examine three excavated village sites, focusing on Ts\’ishaa (DfSi\–16 and \–17). Large village communities emerged on an economic base characterized by a wide range of marine resources. Salmon, however, played a relatively minor role in the economy until the final precontact stage (ca. 750 to 300 cal BP), when it increased considerably in importance. Various lines of evidence suggest that this shift reflects changing resource use and territorial access in Barkley Sound as local groups amalgamated and adopted a seasonal pattern of mobility.

}, author = {Alan D. McMillan and Iain McKechnie and Denis E. St. Claire and S. Gay Frederick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9234, title = {Dive Ontario! The Complete Guide to Shipwrecks and Scuba Diving in Ontario}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {263-264}, editor = {Scott McWilliam} } @article {11533, title = {Applying a Bayesian Approach in the Northeastern North American Context: Reassessment of the Temporal Boundaries of the {\textquotedblleft}Pseudo-Scallop Shell Interaction Sphere{\textquotedblright}}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {139-172}, abstract = {In Europe, especially for studies focusing on Palaeolithic rock shelters, Bayesian chronological modelling is gaining in popularity. In northeastern North America, conditions are usually less than optimal for applying this type of modelling, as archaeological sites are often poorly stratified and subject to substantial pedoturbation. Notwith-standing these impediments, I show that a Bayesian approach remains applicable, provided sufficient and high quality information pertaining to the stratigraphy and the datable samples is gathered beforehand. This is illustrated through a case study dedicated to the {\textquotedblleft}Pseudo-Scallop Shell (PSS) interaction sphere{\textquotedblright} (M{\'e}hault 2015, 2017). The posterior distributions obtained for each of its 14 regional composites generally exceed the regional start boundaries commonly attached to the Middle Woodland period, suggesting that the PSS interaction sphere overlaps with the preceding period (i.e., Early Woodland). Only in its westernmost expression (i.e., in the Laurel culture) does the PSS interaction sphere seem to persist during the Late Woodland period.}, author = {Ronan M{\'e}hault} } @article {9718, title = {Mammal Bone Ornaments and Sub-Adult Burials: A Possible Association in the Late Woodland Period of Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {049-056}, abstract = {

A number of distinctive bone artifacts from Manitoba are described and discussed. Associational, contextual and radiocarbon data are used to suggest that these objects were part of a pre-interment mortuary ritual specific to pre-adult members of various Late Woodland (and possibly late Middle Woodland) peoples of the Midcontinent.

}, author = {C. Meiklejohn and A.P. Buchner and R.T. Callaghan} } @article {9719, title = {Recent Advances in Biochemical Analysis of Human Skeletons: The Collection and Presentation of Samples}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {127-133}, abstract = {

There is a rapidly expanding technology in the biochemical analysis of human bone tissue. Especially, new techniques in trace element analysis and stable isotope analysis are providing the archaeologist direct evidence of palaeonutrition. The collection and preservation of bony tissue, however, is far from uniform, and the widespread practice of human skeletal re-burial has added new urgency to the problem. An outline is proposed for the collection of samples for future analysis.

}, author = {Jerry Melbye} } @Symposium Papers {10985, title = {Advances in the Contribution of Physical Anthropology to Archaeology in Canada: the Past Decade}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {055-064}, author = {Jerry Melbye} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12863, title = {Repatriation and Erasing the Past}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {093-097}, editor = {Chelsea H. Meloche and Laure Spake and Katherine L. Nichols} } @article {9720, title = {Embedded Craft Production at the Late Pre-Columbian (A.D. 900{\textendash}1522) Community of He-4 (El Hatillo), Central Region of Panama}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {108-140}, abstract = {

Investigation into the production and distribution of craft goods has long been an important focus in archaeological research. This is partly due to the pattern of increasing labour specialization correlated with increasing disparities in socioeconomic inequality\—an important transition in human history. This paper focuses on existing systems of social hierarchy and how craft specialization shaped domestic activities and social position. More specifically, we examine embedded production at the late pre-Columbian center of He-4 in the Central Region of Panama and argue that it played an important role in maintaining elite access to prestige goods. Through a consideration of the social context of production in elite households, it is argued that embedded specialization is more likely to develop during periods of intense sociopolitical competition.

}, author = {Adam C. J. Menzies and Mikael J. Haller} } @article {11246, title = {Pour une typologie stylistique chrono-th{\'e}matique des fa{\"\i}ences fran{\c c}aises retrouv{\'e}es dans les anciennes colonies d{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}rique (XVIIe{\textendash}XVIIIe s.)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {268{\textendash}296}, abstract = {

North-American typologies for identifying and dating French faience, i.e., French tin-glazed earthenware (seventeenth\– eighteenth centuries) from colonial contexts are based on restrictive and often misleading regional categories that can lead to erroneous interpretations. Since the 1980s, the archaeology of French production sites aided by archaeometric studies revealed that: first, the faience production landscape was more complex than it seemed but also that the shape/decoration-production centre correlation was not appropriate to identify the productions. As a result of our research on the reference collection of Place-Royale in Quebec City, we suggest the use of 19 alternative chrono-thematic types. Furthermore, we should take into consideration three times more probable areas of production and harmonize the vocabulary used on both sides of the Atlantic, basing it on visual stylistic and descriptive comparisons rather than on geographical criteria.

}, author = {Laetitia M{\'e}treau and Jean Rosen and Caroline Girard and R{\'e}ginald Auger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9294, title = {First Peoples in Canada}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {137-140}, editor = {David Meyer} } @article {9724, title = {The Pendant Stones of Pasquatinow}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {353-365}, abstract = {

Seven trapezoidal stone pendants have been recovered from an exposed hearth at Pasquatinow, a traditional Aboriginal habitation location on the Saskatchewan River in east-central Saskatchewan. The suspension holes were produced with a metal bit, evidence that these pieces date to historic times. Such stone pendants are a unique occurrence in the archaeological record of central Saskatchewan, although a shell pendant has been recovered from a regional Selkirk site and metal pendants are present in fur trade posts dating to the late 1700s. Trapezoidal pendants of stone, bone, and shell have been recovered in late precontact and protocontact contexts on the Plains to the south of Pasquatinow. Historically, those made in Middle Missouri villages were of glass and functioned in the context of certain ritual observances. The Pasquatinow pendants may have played a part in a similar complex of spiritual beliefs.

}, author = {David Meyer and Patrick Young} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9293, title = {The Uncovered Past: Roots of Northern Alberta Societies}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {088-091}, editor = {David Meyer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9101, title = {The Boss Hill Site (FdPe-4) Locality 2: Pre-Archaic Manifestations in the Parkland of Central Alberta, Canada}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {247-249}, editor = {David Meyer} } @article {9723, title = {Through the Woods Whare Thare Ware Now Track Ways*: Kelsey, Henday and Trails in East Central Saskatchewan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {163-197}, abstract = {

Henry Kelsey and Anthony Henday were Hudson\&$\#$39;s Bay Company employees who traveled through east-central Saskatchewan in 1690-1692 and 1754-1755, respectively, but their actual routes are uncertain. We have approached this problem by reconstructing the regional 18th-century Aboriginal sociopolitical groups and their travelways. With this information, and route descriptions and place names provided by Kelsey and Henday, we propose the most likely routes they traveled through the lands of the Basquia, Sturgeon, and Pegogamaw Crees. Within these lands, a network of trails and waterways led to hunting and gathering areas, to spiritually charged sites, and to seasonal meeting places. Trails also led between these nations and it appears that Kelsey was escorted along a major trail that connected the Basquia and Sturgeon while Henday was taken along one that led between the Basquia and Pegogamaw Crees. In east-central Saskatchewan, a number of prominent archaeological sites have been recorded on or near some of these ancient trails. The existence of such travelways and their relationships to ancient cultural landscapes should be considered carefully in the course of ongoing archaeological fieldwork in this region.

}, author = {David Meyer and Dale Russell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9292, title = {Alberta Plains Prehistory. A Review and Brink: Dog Days in Southern Alberta}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {248-254}, editor = {David Meyer} } @article {9727, title = {Late Woodland Pottery from the Goldsworthy Site: A Rainy River Assemblage in East Central Saskatchewan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {043-080}, abstract = {

The Goldsworthy site, located in east central Saskatchewan, is associated with ancient fishing weirs on the Barrier River, an upper tributary of the Red Deer River. Most of this very large site is presently a cultivated field and, for several decades now, it has been subjected to surface collecting by both professional and avocational archaeologists, as well as souvenir hunters. The large artifact recoveries include some hundreds of potsherds, the bulk of which can be assigned to the Late Woodland period and the results of the study of this material are presented here. A small amount of this pottery is Blackduck, Selkirk and Mortlach; however, most of it (representing 38 vessels) has been identified as Duck Bay ware of the Rainy River composite, best known from Lakes Winnipegosis and Manitoba to the east. While the Duck Bay Stamp type is represented by only one vessel, the Duck Bay Notched, Duck Bay Decorated Lip and Duck Bay Undecorated vessels are well represented. Significantly, a subset of seven vessels has Selkirk traits - particularly decoration by a single punctate row on the outer rim or neck. Six of these vessels are identified as Rainy River-Selkirk syncretisms and are considered to reflect the strong presence of Selkirk along and about the Saskatchewan River valley to the north.

The Goldsworthy site is proposed as an ingathering centre at which the members of a regional band came together during the spring fishery. Based on the pottery, the members of this band are identified as the most westerly of those peoples who produced Rainy River composite material culture. Since this regional band occupied the Red Deer River basin, there was a direct water route to Lake Winnipegosis, and evidently this facilitated ongoing interaction with culturally related peoples there.

}, author = {David Meyer} } @article {9722, title = {A component in the Scottsbluff Tradition: Excavations at the Niska Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {001-037}, abstract = {

The Niska site (DkNu-3) is situated in southwestern Saskatchewan, about midway between the towns of Ponteix and Aneroid. Cultivation and subsequent wind erosion have resulted in the disturbance and exposure of a substantial Paleo-Indian component here. A number of artifacts, obviously related to the Cody complex, were collected here in the 1970\&$\#$39;s and early 1980\&$\#$39;s by a local avocational archaeologist, Henri Liboiron. These tools included two stemmed projectile points, four Cody knives, and numerous endscrapers (several with lateral spurs). Testing of this site area by Saskatchewan Research Council archaeologists in 1982 resulted in the identification of some remaining areas of intact Paleo-Indian occupation. Since these archaeological remains appear to be of considerable significance and as they were in danger of disturbance due to cultivation and wind erosion, a small-scale excavation was conducted here in May of 1983. Two ares of in situ Paleo-Indian occupational remains were exposed. These remains were positioned within a well-defined paleosol in an area of aeolian sand deposits. Three projectile point stems were found in the course of excavation as well as six endscrapers, a combination perforator/concave uniface and much debitage. Like the tools, the latter was of fine-grained siliceous materials, including brown chalcedony (Knife River Flint), porcellanite and jasper. Faunal remains were numerous, albeit fragmentary; the latter condition a result of deliberate breakage by the site occupants, followed by deterioration through time. Those remains which could be identified to species were all bison. One of the excavation blocks exposed much of a well defined habitation area, centred on a concentration of burned and calcined bone fragments which is interpreted as a hearth location. A knapping area was situated on the north side of this hearth while an endscraper, a point stem fragment and many raw bone fragments on the south side of the hearth provide evidence of other activities there. Flecks and larger bits of a red paint material were scattered across the habitation area. Raw bone from this excavation block has been dated to 7,165 B.P. while a paleosol sample has dated at 7,000 B.P. These dates are considered to be at least a millenium too recent. While the Niska site assemblage is obviously within the \&$\#$39;Scottsbluff Tradition\&$\#$39;, the style of its projectile points differentiates it from described complexes such as Cody and Little Gem. Questions remain, therefore, regarding the dating of this Paleo-Indian component and its cultural relationship to other complexes in the Scottsbluff Tradition.

}, author = {David Meyer} } @article {9726, title = {The River House Complex: Middle Woodland on the Northwestern Periphery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {43-76}, abstract = {

Excavations at three sites in east central Saskatchewan have produced Middle Woodland assemblages that have been employed to describe the River House complex. Surface collections and smaller scale excavations in eastern Saskatchewan, as well as surface collections from the Swan River region of adjacent Manitoba, provide evidence that this complex is present in a broad region straddling the inter-provincial border. The associated pottery was sometimes decorated with punctates and/or bosses, or with complex motifs of cord-wrapped stick impressions. With this pottery are side-notched and triangular arrowheads, bifacial cutting tools, endscrapers and ground stone celts. The excavated faunal remains reflect occupation during open water seasons. Radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates indicate a time range of ca. AD 800\–1200.

The closest cultural relationships of the River House complex are with late Laurel complexes in the forests of Manitoba, north\­western Ontario and adjacent Minnesota. However, there is also evidence for regular interaction with peoples of Avonlea culture.

}, author = {David Meyer and Peggy McKeand and J. Michael Quigg and Gary Wowchuk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9295, title = {The Archaeology of the Wenesaga Rapids}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {205-209}, editor = {David Meyer} } @article {9721, title = {The Mudrick Site: Selkirk in the Saskatchewan Parklands}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {174-211}, abstract = {

The Mudrick site, located in the aspen parkland of north central Saskatchewan, was surface collected by Thomas Smith and Victor Vigrass in the 1950s and 1960s. They recovered hundreds of potsherds as well as arrowheads, end scrapers, biface knives and two ground stone celts. The majority of the 18 vessels represented by the potsherds are Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware, characteristic of the Selkirk composite. Selkirk components are common in the northern forests but rare in the parklands of Saskatchewan. The southward move of forest-adapted people appears to have been facilitated by amicable social and political relations with parkland residents as indicated by the presence of some Wascana and Mortlach pottery as well as southern lithic materials in the Mudrick assemblage. This southward movement during Selkirk times (ca.\ A.D.\ 1300\–1700) appears to presage the expansion onto the Plains of forest peoples (Crees) in the subsequent fur trade period.

}, author = {David Meyer and Smith, Thomas R.} } @article {11114, title = {6100 B.P. at the Below Forks Site (FhNg-25), Central Saskatchewan}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {126-163}, abstract = {

The Below Forks site (FhNg-25) is situated on a point bar terrace in the Saskatchewan River valley. The deepest component, dated to 6100\ B.P., was focused on a hearth in association with thousands of pieces of debitage and faunal fragments. It produced a Gowen type point and a variety of stone tools, including grinding stones. Hide processing, core reduction and preform shaping were major activities, with most of the lithic materials procured from deposits of cobbles lining the river\’s edge.

The diverse biotic communities of the site area, as indicated by geoarchaeological studies, as well as the abundant lithics, produced a rich environmental \“patch\”. Immature bison remains suggest a spring or early summer occupation and it appears that the site occupants travelled here to replenish their toolstone depleted in the course of the winter. Below Forks was a locale occupied by the members of a well-established, successful regional society in the course of their seasonal movements through a large section of central Saskatchewan.

}, author = {David Meyer and Jenna S. Johnston and Steven C. Kasstan and Laura Roskowski-Nuttall} } @article {9725, title = {Reply to Pettipas{\textquoteright} Comments}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {171-172}, author = {David Meyer} } @article {9728, title = {More than Meets the Eye: Reconsidering Variability in Iroquoian Ceramics}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {143-170}, abstract = {

This paper presents an approach to the analysis of Iroquoian ceramics that goes beyond the traditional normative creation of ethno-chronological typologies to consider pottery as a dynamic material shaped by, and in turn shaping, complex webs of human and material interactions. To accomplish this goal I consider how the shell-tempered pots that appeared in some Neutral Iroquoian villages in the late 16th and 17th centuries AD have been interpreted. I discuss both the hypothesis that they had been made by Fire Nation captives-a typical interpretation in Ontario archaeological writings-and the possibility that they were better suited for cooking maize-an interpretation appearing in archaeometric considerations of northeastern North American shell-tempered pottery. I argue that both interpretations are limited and offer instead an approach inspired by recent writings in ethnoarchaeological ceramic studies, social theory, and the social nature of technology.

}, author = {Kostalena Michelaki} } @article {12924, title = {Strangers No More: Kinship, Clanship, and the Incorporation of Newcomers in Northern Iroquoia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {259-282}, abstract = {

In this paper, we consider how institutions of kinship facilitated the integration of peoples originating in the St.\ Lawrence Valley into ancestral Huron-Wendat communities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD. We present some general principles regarding the role of kinship in structuring social relations, processes of population movement, and the integration of newcomers. Data on the distributions and frequencies of characteristic St. Lawrence Iroquoian artifacts on four ancestral Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, Canada are utilized to infer the scale of population movement and processes of incorporation into lineages and clan segments. We argue that interpretive frameworks that explicitly incorporate categories and institutions of relatedness with traditional material culture analyses can shed new light on how groups of newcomers of varying scale and composition were integrated into Huron-Wendat households and communities.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.259}, author = {Jonathan Micon and Jennifer Birch and Ronald F. Williamson and Louis Lesage} } @Symposium Papers {10988, title = {Mortuary Practices of the Oxbow Complex}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {103-117}, abstract = {Using data from the Greenwater Lake, St. Denis and Gray burial sites in Saskatchewan, Oxbow burial patterns are described, and inferences made concerning demography, community patterns, seasonal movements and religious beliefs.}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Symposium Papers {10987, title = {Introduction to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {083-088}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Symposium Papers {10986, title = {Preface to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {079}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Symposium Papers {10989, title = {The Oxbow Complex: 1980 Perspectives}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {155-169}, author = {J.F.V. Millar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9339, title = {Le syst{\`e}me {\'e}conomique Micmac: perspective ethnohistorique au XVIIe si{\`e}cle}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {217-218}, editor = {Virginia P. Miller} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9144, title = {Survival by Hunting: Prehistoric Human Predators and Animal Prey}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {321-323}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9298, title = {Neolithic}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {147-149}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {8997, title = {Aboriginal Resource Use in Canada: Historical and Legal Aspects}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {173-177}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @article {9729, title = {Debitage Sample Size and its Implications for Understanding Lithic Assemblage Variability}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {40-64}, abstract = {

When conducting lithic debitage analyses, archaeologists commonly draw study samples from larger assemblages rather than examining every single flake. However, the size of these samples and the methods used to draw them are variable. This paper examines how unsystematic sampling procedures used in debitage analysis can skew site interpretations. An alternative sampling strategy devised specifically for measuring debitage variability is proposed. To test its effectiveness, this strategy is applied to the Sandy Point (LlDv\–10) debitage assemblage. Results obtained from a 100 percent sample, a sample drawn using the proposed method, and a 20 percent disproportionate stratified random sample are compared. This comparison indicates a sample drawn using the proposed strategy yields results that are entirely consistent with those derived from studying the entire assemblage. Furthermore, it demonstrates that samples drawn using randomly selected percentages are frequently inadequate thus increasing the potential of yielding spurious results.

}, author = {S. Brooke Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9320, title = {Kenneth Chapman{\textquoteright}s Santa Fe: Artists and Archaeologists, 1907-1931: The Memoirs of Kenneth Chapman}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {179-182}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9143, title = {When Worlds Collide: Hunter-Gatherer World-System Change in the 19th Century Canadian Arctic}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {602-605}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {9731, title = {Dorset Culture Land Use Strategies and the Case of Inland Southern Baffin Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {267-288}, abstract = {

The Dorset Palaeo-Eskimos are traditionally interpreted as specialized marine hunters whose adaptation focused on the exploitation of coastal resources. Accordingly, archaeologists have assumed that the inland/coastal seasonal mobility that characterized their Pre-Dorset predecessors decreased significantly, if not altogether, and that the terrestrial ecosystem figured less prominently in the Dorset way of life. However, several inland Dorset sites identified in the deep interior of southern Baffin Island appear to contradict this assumption; this paper describes these sites and their associated remains. Based on this information, it appears that Dorset populations in this region continued to travel long distances to the deep interior where they intensively hunted caribou and exploited local lithic resources.

}, author = {S. Brooke Milne and Robert W. Park and Douglas R. Stenton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9300, title = {Crafting History in the Northern Plains: A Political Economy of the Heart River Region, 1400{\textendash}1750}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {354-358}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {9730, title = {Chert Sourcing and Palaeo-Eskimo Raw Material Use in the Interior of Southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {117-142}, abstract = {

In the eastern Canadian Arctic, a shift in toolstone selection strategies from Pre-Dorset (4500\–2800 B.P.) to Dorset (2500\– 1000 B.P.) has been interpreted as one line of evidence indicating culture change within the Palaeo-Eskimo continuum. Pre-Dorset toolmakers appear to have relied on readily available local cherts while Dorset toolmakers were more discriminating, frequently using scarce or non-local toolstones such as chalcedony from northern Labrador, crystal quartz, and nephrite, among others. Our recent analysis of a debitage assemblage from LeDx-42, a multi-component Palaeo-Eskimo site located in the interior of southern Baffin Island, aimed to see if similar raw material signatures could be isolated using a newly developed methodological approach for sourcing chert toolstone. One of our objectives in this preliminary study was to evaluate if diversity in chert selection strategies could be used as a proxy to assess possible links between cultural affiliation and activity areas within the site. This paper describes the sourcing protocol and discusses our results as they relate to the Palaeo-Eskimo exploitation of chert toolstone at LeDx-42.

}, author = {S. Brooke Milne and Robert W. Park and Anne C. Hamilton and Mostafa J. Fayek} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9318, title = {The Archaeology of Class in Urban America}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {270-273}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9297, title = {Dame Kathleen Kenyon: Digging Up the Holy Land}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {317-319}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9237, title = {The First Rocky Mountaineers: Coloradans Before Colorado}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {156-159}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9073, title = {The Origins and Spread of Domestic Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {359-362}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9109, title = {Plains Indians, A.D. 500-1500: The Archaeological Past of Historic Groups (K.H. Schlesier, ed.) and Postprocessual Critique}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {141-144}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9121, title = {Polities and Power: Archaeological Perspectives on the Landscapes of Early States}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {339-342}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9457, title = {Archaeology on the Great Plains}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {211-213}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9441, title = {Archaeological Theory in Practice}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {345-348}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9443, title = {Desert Peoples: Archaeological Perspectives}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {324-327}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9426, title = {2000 Years of Mayan Literature}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {352-354}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9157, title = {A Re-Evaluation of the Oxbow Dam Site (DhMn{\textendash}1): Middle Holocene Cultural Continuity on the Northern Plains}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {137-140}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9009, title = {Mesolithic Europe}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {277-280}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9187, title = {Saahk{\'o}maap{\'\i}na (Boy Chief) {\textendash} EeOv{\textendash}68}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {187-189}, editor = {Laurie A. Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9299, title = {Findings: The Material Culture of Needlework and Sewing}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {160-163}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9422, title = {Technology and Tradition in the Eastern Arctic, 2500~BC{\textendash}AD~1200: A Dynamic Technological Investigation of Lithic Assemblages from the Palaeo-Eskimo Traditions of Greenland}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {349-353}, editor = {S. Brooke Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9068, title = {Kenneth Milton Chapman: A Life Dedicated to Indian Arts and Artists}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {179-182}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9236, title = {Archaeology on the Edge: New Perspectives from the Northern Plains}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {141-144}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {12169, title = {Charcoal Analysis Reveals Dorset Use and Selection of Firewood at Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden, Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {24-39}, abstract = {

This paper reports Dorset (800\ BC{\textendash}AD\ 1300) firewood use and selection at the Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden site (EeBi-1), northwestern Newfoundland, Canada. Charcoal fragments from five semi-subterranean dwellings and one midden were predominantly fir (Abies sp.) and spruce (Picea sp.). These genera dominate the modern forest, contemporary driftwood accumulations, and the prehistoric tree pollen record for the region. These data suggest that Dorset collected firewood according to the principle of least effort from nearby sources.

}, author = {Jason Miszaniec and Trevor Bell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9162, title = {Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {176-179}, editor = {Nina Mittendorf} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9376, title = {Material Culture of Breweries}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {199-201}, editor = {Nina Mittendorf} } @article {9732, title = {Prehistoric Intertidal Fish Traps from Central Southeast Alaska}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {028-052}, abstract = {

Four intertidal archaeological sites near Petersburg, southeast Alaska, are described and compared to shed light on how such features functioned. The Sandy Beach, Woody Island, McDonald Arm, and Blind Slough sites contain wood-stake and rock alignments representing the remains of fish traps. Each trap consists of two leads funneling into a circular or heart-shaped\&$\#$39; enclosure. Multiple fish species, including salmon, were likely harvested. The technology was employed for centuries, between 1,100 and 2,300 years ago. While hundreds of sites with intertidal wood-stake and rock alignments have been recorded at coastal sites in Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and southeast Alaska, few display evidence of an enclosure. The Petersburg sites allow more detailed inspection of prehistoric fishing technology in the Northwest Coast culture area, and may help explain how intertidal wood-stake and rock alignments functioned at other sites where only fragments of the leads remain.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {Charles M. Mobley and W. Mark McCallum} } @article {9733, title = {Protein Concentrations in the Taber Child Skeleton: Probable Evidence for a Late Chronology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {223-231}, abstract = {

Protein has been determined in fragments of the Taber Child by infrared spectrophotometry. A comparative study indicated that the protein content was consistent with the specimen being less than 10,000 years old. Infrared spectrophotometry has general applicability for the analysis of bone material in the screening of specimens prior to radiocarbon dating, in determining the relative age of material from a stratum, and in examining bones consolidated with synthetic resins.

}, author = {E.A. Moffatt and I.N.M. Wainwright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9210, title = {The Aboriginal Rock Paintings of The Churchill River}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {110-112}, editor = {Brian Molyneux} } @article {9735, title = {The Fauna from Ma{\textquoteright}acoah (DfSi{\textendash}5), Vancouver Island, British Columbia: An Interpretive Summary}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {272-301}, abstract = {

This paper summarizes the results of basic faunal identification and quantification at the Ma\’acoah Site (DfSi\–5) from Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Trends in faunal exploitation over time within the site are considered, and the relation of this assemblage to those of neighbouring sites is discussed. Three periods of faunal deposition are noted, with the most recent showing a dramatic increase in the abundance of taxa that are ethnographically described as important to the Nuu-chah-nulth. In particular, the recent increase in salmon and herring and corresponding decline in rockfish is noted. The data suggest that complex demographic and social processes have been ongoing among the Nuu-chah-nulth and that their subsistence and settlement patterns are equally complex and variable over time and space.

}, author = {Gregory G. Monks} } @article {9734, title = {Prey as Bait: the Deep Bay Example}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {119-142}, abstract = {

This paper introduces the concept of \&$\#$39;prey as bait\&$\#$39; in which human groups exploit predatory relations among economically important species in a food chain. The food resource procurement strategy based on this concept is seen as an alternative to specialized acquisition of generally abundant species such as Pacific salmon. The Deep Bay site illustrates how predator-prey relationships were exploited by a prehistoric Northwest Coast group, and the implications of this strategy for understanding subsistence systems and Northwest Coast prehistory are discussed.

}, author = {Gregory G. Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9047, title = {Structural Considerations of M{\'e}tis Ethnicity: An Archaeological, Architectural and Historical Study}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {091-093}, editor = {Greg Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9279, title = {Archaeological Investigations at the Delorme House (DkLg{\textendash}18), 1981}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {182-183}, editor = {Gregory G. Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9305, title = {Introducing Manitoba Archaeology}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {122-123}, editor = {Gregory Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9278, title = {The Garden Site: a Historical and Archaeological Study of a Nineteenth Century Metis Farmstead}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {197-198}, editor = {Gregory G. Monks} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9452, title = {Least Cost Analysis of Social Landscapes: Archaeological Case Studies}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {354-357}, editor = {Kelly Rose Bale Monteleone} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12551, title = {Uncovering Submerged Landscapes: Towards a GIS Method for Locating Submerged Archaeology in Southeast Alaska}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {264-267}, editor = {William T. D. Wadsworth} } @article {9737, title = {Classification and Typologies of Stone Celts in British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {82-122}, abstract = {

This paper presents three typologies of stone celts from British Columbia based on morphology, mineralogy and culture historical affiliation. These typologies should aid archaeologists in classifying celts and understanding their regional patterns of distribution. This study is based on a large sample of celts (n\ =\ 1,374) from more than 139 archaeological sites across British Columbia. Mineralogical identification of celts was undertaken using Near-Infrared Spectrometry (NIR). Celt manufacturing technique was found to be closely associated with the raw material used. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Unexpectedly, the Canadian Plateau provided the best evidence for the use of a special type of very large nephrite/jade celts as prestige goods. The results here do not find support for entrenched descriptions of changes in celt morphology through time. Celt abundance was found to vary markedly over the last 3,500 years in the Salish Sea region, with a notable dearth of celts contemporaneous to the depopulation of the Mid-Fraser region around 1000 B.P. This evidence underscores the importance of the appropriate scale of analysis when interpreting local patterns of cultural change.

}, author = {Jesse Morin} } @article {9736, title = {Cutting Edges and Salmon Skin: Variation in Salmon Processing Technology on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {281-318}, abstract = {

This article examines differences in prehistoric Northwest Coast technologies primarily by means of an experimental study in salmon butchering. Five prehistoric and ethnographic tool types-bifacial knives, cobble spalls, ground slate knives, ground mussel shell knives, and hafted microflakes-were replicated and then used to process quantities of salmon for drying. A design theory framework is used in conjunction with basic experimental methods in an attempt to understand and explain various constraints influencing dominance of each tool type in a particular region. It is hypothesized that some tools only functioned for one or a few of the discrete tasks required to properly process a salmon, and that combinations of such tools must have been used in the past to process salmon for preservation. It is further argued that the distribution of particular tool types was influenced by raw material availability, timing of salmon runs, and intensity of harvesting and preservation.

}, author = {Jesse Morin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9308, title = {Bone Modification}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {247-249}, editor = {Richard E. Morlan} } @Symposium Papers {10993, title = {Introductory Remarks}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {001-002}, author = {Richard~E.~Morlan} } @article {9740, title = {Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database: Establishing Conventional Ages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {003-010}, abstract = {

A digital database of radiocarbon dates from Canadian archaeological and vertebrate paleontological sites addresses the need to correct some dates for the effects of isotopic fractionation. Such a correction, called normalization, was included by Stuiver and Polach (1977) in their definition of conventional age. The correction formulae proposed by Stuiver and Polach are evaluated in the light of approximately 800 measurements of delta 13C reported during the last two decades. The measurements provide good support for the formulae which are adopted, with minor modifications, to normalize ages in the Canadian database.

}, author = {Richard Morlan} } @article {9739, title = {Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dates on Bones from Old Crow Basin, Northern Yukon Territory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {075-092}, abstract = {

Fifty-five radiocarbon dates have been obtained on 38 specimens of bone, antler, and tusk from the Old Crow region of northern Yukon Territory. The results strengthen chronological control on the local mid-Wisconsinan geological history and contribute to paleobiological studies of the taxa dated. Most of the dates were taken on bones that were altered when fresh in ways suggestive of tool production. We interpret the distribution of these samples as supporting the hypothesis that people lived in eastem Beringia during mid-Wisconsinan time.

}, author = {R.E. Morlan and D.E. Nelson and T.A. Brown and J.S. Vogel and J.R. Southon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9306, title = {Out of the Past. Digs and Artifacts in the Saskatoon Area}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {232-234}, editor = {Richard E. Morlan} } @article {9738, title = {Fluted Point Makers and the Extinction of the Arctic-Steppe Biome in Eastern Beringia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {095-108}, abstract = {

Data and inferences concerning the Late Pleistocene extinction of the Arctic-Steppe biome in eastern Beringia are summarized, and their implications for early man in the New World are examined. A possible link is noted between these extinction phenomena and the sudden widespread appearance of fluted points in interior North America. Various aspects of this problem, including the ecology of the Mackenzie Corridor, the various possible causes of cxtinction, and the question of archaeological visibility, are discussed with respect to the current need for more and better information on many aspects of Paleoindian research.

}, author = {Richard E. Morlan} } @article {9742, title = {Rodent Bones in Archaeological Sites}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {135-142}, author = {Richard E. Morlan} } @article {9741, title = {Counts and Estimates of Taxonomic Abundance in Faunal Remains: Microtine Rodents from Bluefish Cave I}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {061-076}, abstract = {

Widely advertised theoretical and methodological deficiencies in counts of identified specimens (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI) have prompted a search for alternate methods of estimating taxonomic abundance in faunal remains. Most proposed alternatives have merely represented modifications or \&$\#$39;refinements\&$\#$39; of the MNI count outlined by Theodore White thirty years ago (White 1953). Modifications by Chaplin (1971) and Krantz (1968) are examined in this paper. Recently, an alternative, based on the Peterson index, has been proposed by Fieller and Turner (1982). Based on capture-recapture techniques used in the biological sciences, the Peterson index is superior to other proposed methods, because it is statistically well founded on the hypergeometric distribution and can be framed by data-based confidence intervals. Despite these advantages, the actual use of this estimate is limited by a number of practical exigencies that will undoubtedly force zooarchaeologists to continue to use NISP and MNI counts as abundance measurements of last resort. The assumptions and requirements for the use of the Peterson index, and the \&$\#$39;behaviour\&$\#$39; of this variable as compared with NISP and the methods of White, Chaplin, and Krantz, are illustrated with microtine rodent data from Bluefish Cave I, northern Yukon Territory.

}, author = {Richard E. Morlan} } @Symposium Papers {10994, title = {Toward the Definition of a Prehistoric Athabaskan Culture}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {024-033}, author = {Richard~E.~Morlan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9415, title = {Journey to the Ice Age: Discovering an Ancient World}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {390-391}, editor = {Richard Morlan} } @article {9745, title = {The Earliest Thule Migration}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {

It is suggested that the earliest Thule migrations into Arctic Canada took the form of small-scale, very rapid population movements aimed at the greater Lancaster Sound area north and northwest of Baffin Island. Early Inuit appear to have been attracted by unusually rich bowhead whale stocks, which they and their descendants continued to exploit during classic Thule times. Palaeoenvironmental data, however, do not suggest that Thule hunters in any way \&$\#$39;followed\&$\#$39; the whales during an expansive Medieval Warm Epoch. Rather, to get to Lancaster Sound they had to cross many hundreds of kilometres of essentially uninhabitable wasteland. How early Thule hunters learned what lay on the other side of that wasteland, and how they and their families successfully crossed it, will never be known in detail, but it is one of the great accomplishments of human history.

}, author = {David Morrison} } @inbook {11016, title = {The Later Prehistory of Amundsen Gulf}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {77-87}, abstract = {Archaeological excavation and ethnohistorical tradition together indicate the existence of a previously unrecognized Mackenzie Inuit group, living in the Franklin Bay area east of Cape Bathurst into the early historic period. They appear to have been decimated by disease and starvation in the early nineteenth century, with survivors fleeing west to Baillie Island. Further east yet, the Amundsen Gulf coast as far as Dolphin and Union Strait was apparently unoccupied during the late prehistoric period, for reasons which remain unknown. Previously, however, it was occupied by a Thule culture population which was very similar to that of the western Coronation Gulf area. This {\textquoteright}Clachan phase{\textquoteright} of Thule culture was probably at least in part ancestral to both the Mackenzie and Copper Inuit.}, author = {David A. Morrison}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9744, title = {A Reassessment of the Julian Complex, Fisherman Lake, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {029-056}, abstract = {

The prehistory of the Mackenzie River valley is very poorly known, even in its culture-historical outline. The only prehistoric sequence comes from the Fisherman Lake area, the product of work by Millar, Fedirchuk and MacNeish going back over thirty years. This paper is a critical re-assessment of an important complex within that sequence. The Julian complex, based on lithic assemblages from three sites, is re-interpreted and compared closely with the Taye Lake phase in the southwest Yukon.

}, author = {David A. Morrison} } @article {9748, title = {lnuit and Kutchin Bone and Antler Industries in Northwestern Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {107-125}, abstract = {

Bone and antler industries from northern Yukon Kutchin sites are compared with recently excavated Inuit material from the Kugaluk site in the Mackenzie Delta area. A number of basic procedural similarities are noted, but specific differences seem more striking, and may reflect different technological traditions. Technological analysis seems to support the orthodox model of strong boundary maintenance between major ethnic groups is northwestern Canada.

}, author = {David Morrison} } @article {9743, title = {The Middle Prehistoric Period and the Archaic Concept in the Middle Mackenzie Valley}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {049-074}, abstract = {

The validity of the Archaic stage in general and of the Northern Archaic Tradition in particular are examined as they apply to the Mackenzie River valley in the western Canadian Subarctic. Archaeological data from five Middle Prehistoric complexes are presented along with palaeoenvironmental information, all of which tend to undermine the suggestion of a movement of Archaic people from the northern Plains during the Hypsithermal. Instead, we seem to be looking at the diffusion of a few isolated traits into a long-established boreal forest ecosystem. The Mummy Cave complex on the northern Plains is identified as the probable immediate source of, particularly, side-notched points, which at about this time achieved a continent-wide distribution.

}, author = {David A. Morrison} } @article {9747, title = {Rebuttal to Fedirchuk, "On Julian Technology"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {183-185}, abstract = {

Fedirchuk\&$\#$39;s spirited defense of Julian Technology falls far short of the mark. The major question seems to be whether the products of so-called Julian Technology exhibit technological characteristics which consistently distinguish them from \&$\#$39;non-Julian\&$\#$39; items, regardless of function. No such characteristics have been described. To reclassify these artifacts in categories reflecting different stages of lithic reduction (as I have done) is quite different from accepting them as representing a coherent and distinctive \&$\#$39;technology.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {David Morrison} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9311, title = {The Crane Site and the Palaeoeskimo Period in the Western Canadian Arctic}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {177-179}, editor = {David Morrison} } @article {9746, title = {A Note on Thule Culture Dogs from Coronation Gulf, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {149-157}, abstract = {

Dog mandibles from a Thule culture site in the central Canadian Arctic are compared with those from modern arctic sled dogs and local wolves. Results indicate the Thule culture dogs to have been relatively small and unwolf-like, and to show a high frequency of congenital first premolar absence. It is suggested that small, highly-bred dogs may have been a cultural response to difficult subsistence conditions.

}, author = {David Morrison} } @inbook {11017, title = {The Inuktuiut of Eskimo Lakes}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {117-126}, abstract = {Recent archaeological excavations in the western Canadian Arctic have focussed on Inuvialuit (Mackenzie Inuit) sites in the Eskimo Lakes area, a long inland arm of the sea running southwest from Liverpool Bay almost to the Mackenzie River. Although written information on the area dating before 1900 is virtually nonexistent, archaeological and oral history data suggest the Eskimo Lakes played an important role in regional subsistence and exchange patterns over the past 500 years. The area seems to have been the home of a distinctive Inuvialuit group which disappeared sometime prior to the full historic period.}, author = {David Morrison and Charles Arnold}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Obituaries {9938, title = {William Taylor}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {133-134}, author = {David Morrison} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12866, title = {The Archaeology of Ancient Cities}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {104-105}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.104}, editor = {Giles Spence Morrow} } @article {9749, title = {Ritual Procession and the Creation of Civitas Among the Ancient Maya: A Case Study from Naachtun, Guatemala}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {141-165}, abstract = {

Ritual. As in many early civilizations, for the Ancient Maya ritual served as one of the principle mediators between religion and politics, between the State and its people. In this paper I explore these relationships through a discussion of ritual procession and its role in the creation of what the Romans termed civitas (one\’s communal identity as a citizen of the State). I discuss how public rituals may be invoked to naturalize the socio-political structure of the State (the polis), while paradoxically breaking down status-based conventions of proxemics to foster a broader sense of community (communitas). Finally, I close this paper with a case study drawn from my Master\’s research at the large Maya civic-ceremonial centre of Naachtun, Guatemala. I make a case for the maintenance of a formalized path through the heart of this monumental site and explore its possible role as a processional route.

}, author = {Shawn G. Morton} } @article {11112, title = {Le programme arch{\'e}ologique de la Ville de Qu{\'e}bec et la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {068-094}, abstract = {

Heritage legislation is a provincial responsibility in Canada. New heritage legislation was adopted in the Province of Qu{\'e}bec in October, 2012, replacing the 1972 Cultural Properties Act. The Cultural Heritage Act defines new obligations for municipalities and offers new possibilities allowing them to protect and develop their archaeological heritage resources on an elective basis. The City of Qu{\'e}bec has worked closely with public and private partners over the last thirty years to assure the preservation and enhancement of its archaeological resources. The City is currently preparing an archaeological master plan for its territory which includes four legally protected historic districts, one of which is a UNESCO world heritage site. The master plan is being developed in the context of renewed heritage legislation and the adoption of a revised urban master plan required under provincial planning legislation but in a manner to capitalize on major achievements of past efforts. The archaeological master plan will be accompanied by policy and programs designed to foster public interest and promote participation in the process. This article will address challenges to policy and program development. A particular emphasis will be put on meeting expectations expressed in the new provincial Cultural Heritage Act.

}, author = {William Moss} } @article {9752, title = {Wolf{\textquoteright}s Lair: Middle and Late Holocene Artifacts from a Sea Cave on Baker Island, Southeast Alaska}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {107-128}, abstract = {

During reconnaissance of the outer coast of southeast Alaska, three unusual wooden artifacts were recovered from Wolf\&$\#$39;s Lair sea cave (49-CRG-381). Radiocarbon dates on a club and two decorated planks indicate that these artifacts date to the Middle and Late Holocene, respectively. Herein, we describe the Wolf\&$\#$39;s Lair artifacts and their context. We have not found any specimens that match the forms and decorative style of the Wolf\&$\#$39;s Lair artifacts in regional literature or museum collections. Analogous items suggest functional interpretations, but these remain hypothetical. Despite the richness of the ethnographic record of the Northwest Coast, archaeological research continues to yield unique and previously undocumented examples of material culture.

}, author = {Madonna L. Moss and Jon M. Erlandson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9317, title = {The Archaeology of Islands}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {164-167}, editor = {Madonna L. Moss} } @article {9751, title = {The Irish Creek Site: Evidence for a Mid-Holocene Microblade Component on the Northern Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {075-092}, abstract = {

Microblade technology has long been considered a diagnostic trait of Early Holocene occupation in southeast Alaska. Over 15 years ago, microblades and microblade cores associated with a single late Holocene radiocarbon date were reported for the Irish Creek site in southeast Alaska. These apparently contradictory data led us to reevaluate the archaeological assemblage, with particular attention to the obsidian artifacts. Our geochemical and hydration analyses suggest that the Irish Creek assemblage is approximately 5000 years old, consistent with an artifact assemblage that contains microblade technology but lacks ground stone. The persistence of microblade technologies in the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska accords with patterns described for the larger northern Northwest Coast region.

}, author = {Madona Moss and Jon Erlandson and R. Scott Byram and Richard Hughes} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9316, title = {Emerging from the Mist: Studies in Northwest Coast Culture History}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {392-396}, editor = {Madonna L. Moss} } @article {9750, title = {Wood Stake Weirs and Salmon Fishing on the Northwest Coast: Evidence from Southeast Alaska}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {143-158}, abstract = {

Many archaeologists consider intensification of salmon production to be the single most important factor in the evolution of Northwest Coast cultural complexity. One mass harvesting technique, the use of wood stake fishing weirs, is well represented in the archaeological record in both southeast Alaska and coastal British Columbia. Radiocarbon dates from ten Alaskan fish weirs are presented and two weirs from Admiralty Island are described in detail. Weir fishing in the northern Northwest Coast has an antiquity of at least 3,000 years and continued into the historic period. To our knowledge, none of British Columbia\&$\#$39;s numerous fish weirs has yet been dated. Such data would enhance our understanding of this important cultural development in various areas of the Northwest Coast.

}, author = {Madonna L. Moss and Jon M. Erlandson and Robert Stuckenrath} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9286, title = {American Industrial Archaeology: A Field Guide}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {119-121}, editor = {Robert J. Muckle} } @article {9753, title = {Rogers Ossuary (AgHb{\textendash}131): An Early Ontario Iroquois Burial Feature From Brantford Township}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {032-047}, abstract = {

Rogers Ossuary (AgHb-131) is a communal burial feature located in south Brantford. The ossuary was excavated ca. 1935 on at least two occasions by, J.C.B Grant of the University of Toronto, and later by Dr. Wilfred Jury of the University of Western Ontario. No known artifacts were recovered from the site. In subsequent years the site lost its identity and its location was forgotten, although the collection retained its integrity. In 1988 archival research and personal interviews led to the rediscovery of the site\&$\#$39;s location. An osteological analysis was undertaken, the results of which suggest that Rogers Ossuary was a multiple burial feature of at least 28 individuals. Radiocarbon dating from bone collagen provided invaluable data for the placement of the people within a correct cultural context. Two collagen fraction samples produced C-14 dates of 1110 \±60 BP placing the Rogers Ossuary material within Wright\&$\#$39;s (1966) Early Ontario Iroquois tradition.

}, author = {Grant J. Mullen and Robert D. Hoppa} } @article {12170, title = {Temporal Constraints for Holocene Geomorphic Evolution at an Archaeological Locality Near Hardisty, East-Central Alberta: Hunter-Gatherer Interactions with the Landscape on the Northern Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {40-73}, abstract = {

Extended terrestrial geomorphic sequences that host well-dated depositional evidence of early to mid-Holocene human interactions with the physical landscape are relatively scarce on the northern Plains. The paucity of such records hampers studies that aim to examine human adaptations to environmental changes in the region during the Hypsithermal (ca.\ 9,000{\textendash}4,500 years ago). Where deposits occur, the absence of well-preserved contemporaneous organic material for radiocarbon dating highlights the need for alternative chronometers. In this study, we present new absolute chronologies from three archaeological sites in an eolian dune landscape in east-central Alberta that we determined using optically stimulated luminescence dating. The results show that between ca.\ 11,000{\textendash}2,000 years ago,\  the local landscape evolved through recurrent episodes of instability, interspersed with periods of soil development. The findings allow us to provide new insights on Holocene landscape evolution in the area and examine adaptations humans made to cope with the Hypsithermal environment, as evidenced by archaeological materials associated with hunting and camping.

}, author = {K. Munyikwa and R. Lindemann and R. Wondrasek and T.C. Kinnaird and D.C.W. Sanderson} } @article {9754, title = {One Gun Phase Points: A Reassessment of the Late Side-Notched Projectile Point System in Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {248-273}, abstract = {

Investigations on the Canadian Plains have been unsuccessful in differentiating between pre-contact projectile points recovered from One Gun phase sites\—an intrusive group to the region\—and points from the locally defined Cayley series, which are frequently used as diagnostic markers of the Old Women\’s phase. This paper uses a variety of statistical methods to investigate similarities between points from the One Gun phase Cluny site, and points from the uppermost levels (Old Women\’s phase) of the Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump site. Metrics were collected on digital images from direct 2-D point scans to promote consistency, accuracy, and replicability. While population level differences were found, individual specimens could not be identified to their respective phase. In this case, projectile points are not reliable variables for linking components with phases in the protohistoric period, which suggests that the point type may be best described as a horizon style.

}, author = {Tyler James Murchie} } @article {9755, title = {The Exhibition of in situ Archaeological Features for Public Interpretation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {173-179}, abstract = {

Presenting research in an imaginative format that the public can easily understand is a problem archaeologists have not adequately examined. The vinylite resin method of soil consolidation offers a means of incorporating an in situ excavation into an exhibit for interpreting archaeological method and theory to the public. Such displays help demonstrate the importance of archaeological research to the understanding of cultural history.

}, author = {Jeffrey S. Murray} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9310, title = {Threads of Arctic Prehistory: Papers in Honour of William E. Taylor, Jr.}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {087-089}, editor = {Maribeth S. Murray} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9354, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie de l{\textquoteright}Ungava oriental. C{\^o}te est, Killiniq, {\^\i}les Button, Labrador septentrional}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {191-193}, editor = {Murielle Nagy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9261, title = {Les Abitibis}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {244-248}, editor = {Murielle Nagy} } @inbook {11023, title = {Interpretation in Arctic Archaeology: Lessons from Inuvialuit Oral History}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {29-38}, abstract = {From 1989 to 1993 an oral history project was undertaken by the Inuvialuit Social Development Program. The main objective of the Herschel Island and Yukon North Slope Inuvialuit Oral History Project was to document Inuvialuit land use and knowledge of the Yukon North Slope. Inuvialuit oral history also provided important insights into archaeological issues. This paper questions archaeological assumptions regarding sod houses in the light of ethnographic information. In effect, the Inuvialuit elders explained that sod houses could be occupied year-round rather than solely in wintertime as often assumed by Arctic archaeologists. It is suggested that the use of sod houses in the summer depends on specific strategies of land use.}, author = {Murielle Nagy}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11018, title = {Bone and Antler Tools from a Late Prehistoric Mackenzie Inuit Site}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {45-54}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of a technological analysis of bone and antler remains from the Trail River site, in the northern Yukon. The site was notable for the heavy concentration of by-products associated with the manufacture of antler artifacts. There was also some evidence for the production of bone tools. The analysis was undertaken to determine the function of the feature where the bone and antler assemblage was found. Recognition of two types of gear was substantiated by the analysis of manufacturing techniques performed on the associated by-products. Personal gear (e.g. arrowheads, knife handles), made from antler, was manufactured with considerable effort and skill. These tools would have been prepared in anticipation of future caribou hunting. Situational gear (e.g. awls, scrapers), made from bone obtained on site, was manufactured expediently and intended for immediate use.}, author = {Murielle Nagy}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9324, title = {Of Men and Herds in Barrenland Prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {237-239}, editor = {Ronald J. Nash} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9204, title = {Ancient North Americans}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {079-083}, editor = {Ronald J. Nash} } @article {9757, title = {Deconstructing Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {019-028}, abstract = {

As the biosphere continues to be degraded, archaeologists will be hard pressed to maintain a scientific archaeology in the face of excessive industrial and population growth. By deconstructing archaeology and its goals as one would peel an onion, a new stratigraphy of hidden agendas emerges. The post-processualists have identified political and ideological motives for doing archaeology, to which can be added, economic motives.

However, further deconstruction reveals ecological and spiritual concerns which are deeper than mere subsistence-ecological reconstructions and which will surface as part of the struggle for a habitable planet. Structural analysis places the archaeologist as a mediator in the nature-culture duality, while at a still more archaic level, archaeologists will likely join philosophers and theologians in developing/rediscovering new codes of ethics and spirituality which are not anthropocentric. Increased environmental activism is a predictable adjunct.

}, author = {Ronald J. Nash} } @article {9756, title = {Future-oriented Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {095-108}, abstract = {

A case is presented for the development of a more future-oriented archaeology, where the past is no longer of exclusive interest. This entails discussion of the diachronic nature of archaeology, recent theoretical trends, the potential for a futures perspective and consideration of the requisite changes in data and systematics. The second portion of the paper focuses on emerging general biocultural theory, the prospective involvement of archaeology in this enterprise and notes the Orwellian political implications of applying such theory.

}, author = {Ronald J. Nash and Robert G. Whitlam} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12544, title = {Fort St. Joseph Revealed: The Historical Archaeology of a Fur Trading Post}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {245-246}, editor = {Amelia Fay} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11254, title = {The Archaeology of the North American Fur Trade}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {364{\textendash}366}, editor = {Jeff Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9188, title = {The Cochrane Ranche Site}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {246-247}, editor = {Dianne Newell} } @article {9758, title = {The Identification of Protein Residues on Lithic Artifacts from a Stratified Boreal Forest Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {119-132}, abstract = {

Taconite artifacts from the stratified Cummins site near Thunder Bay dating ca. 7,500-9,000 BP were tested for blood protein residues. Cross-over electrophoresis (CIEP), an analytical technique commonly used in forensic investigations, was used for identifications. Commercially available anti-sera for mammalian and avian families were tested against archaeological residues. At present this method and the available anti-sera allow identification of organic residues only to family level. Our results, which include human, bovine (bison), deer and several other mammalian families indicate that protein immunoglobins are preserved on archaeological materials for millennia and that identification is possible.

}, author = {M. Newman and P. Julig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9256, title = {Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {201-203}, editor = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9909, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9913, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note: On mtDNA and Archaeological Ethics}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12784, title = {Dibaajimindwaa Geteyaag: Ogiiyose, Noojigiigoo{\textquoteright}iwe gaye Dibinawaag Nibiing Onji/Stories of the Old Ones: Hunter and Fish from Sheltered Water}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {265{\textendash}267}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.265}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9917, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On representativeness in archaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {iii-viii}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13192, title = {Blurring Timescapes, Subverting Erasure. Remembering Ghosts on the Margins of History}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {138-140}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.138}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9908, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9035, title = {Alluvial Geoarchaeology: Floodplain Archaeology and Environmental Change}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {203-206}, editor = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12864, title = {Engaging Archaeology: 25 Case Studies in Research Practice}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {098-100}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.98}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9912, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9916, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On historical relativity in archaeology}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9907, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9034, title = {Alluvial Geoarchaeology: Floodplain Archaeology and Environmental Change}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {175-176}, editor = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9911, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9915, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On archaeological theory as a rite of passage}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9906, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9326, title = {Handbook of Gender in Archaeology}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {150-153}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9910, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9914, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On "reality archaeology"}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9330, title = {Appropriated Pasts: Indigenous Peoples and the Colonial Culture of Archaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {274-277}, editor = {George P. Nicholas} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9918, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: On archaeology and the {\textquotedblleft}burden{\textquotedblright} of responsibility}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {George P. Nicholas} } @article {9759, title = {Ceramic Affiliations and the Case for Incipient Horticulture in Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {033-059}, abstract = {

The prevailing models of Late Prehistoric subsistence in southwestern Manitoba have been based upon the premise of a straightforward hunter/getherer economy relying upon the local ecology of the forest/parkland/plains biomes. In some cases, trade with the Middle Missouri Village Tribes has been incorporated as a \&$\#$39;risk reducing\&$\#$39; mechanism. These models propose a seasonal round exploiting the available natural subsistence resources at peaks of productivity and quality. Recent work at the Lovstrom and Johnas sites near Brandon on the Souris and Assiniboine Rivers, respectively, and at Lockport and Winnipeg on the Red River suggest that these models may be inadequate. The Lovstrom and Johnas sites indicate extended occupations by people using agricultural tools and whose ceramic affiliations appear to relate to groups in North Dakota and western Minnesota known to have practiced horticulture. Many of the distinctive ceramic traits which characterize vessels in these sites are not found in the usual Woodland assemblages recorded in south-western Manitoba. It seems probable that these sites represent an expansion into southern Manitoba by groups from the south who practised horticulture as a part of their normal subsistence strategy.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson} } @article {9764, title = {Cultural Continuity and Changing Subsistence Strategies During the Late Precontact Period in Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {053-073}, abstract = {

Previous research on Vickers Focus sites in the eastern sections of the Souris-Pembina Trench in southwestern Manitoba, conducted by the senior author, indicated a center-based settlement strategy supported by a combination of hunter-gatherer and small-scale horticultural practice. The Lowton site is the center for this cluster and contains numerous luxury items and exotic materials. Research conducted by both authors in the summers of 1995-1999 at the Makotchi-Ded Dontipi locale revealed a central-place clustering of Vickers Focus and Mortlach sites. The sites show a diversity of faunal remains covering both winter and warm season occupations and no apparent evidence of horticultural activity. These materials indicate functional subsistence activities and there is an absence of the exotic and ceremonial artifacts recovered in the eastern sites. While there is clearly cultural continuity from the Initial Middle Missouri presence at the Duthie Site, through subsequent Vickers Focus and Mortlach occupations, the material remains, and their distribution, indicate significant changes in the settlement and subsistence patterns of the Vickers Focus people through time and space.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Scott Hamilton} } @article {9763, title = {President{\textquoteright}s Report}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {003-004}, author = {Bev Nicholson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9332, title = {The Miniota Site, An Avonlea Component in Southwestern Manitoba}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {324-325}, editor = {Bev Nicholson} } @article {9762, title = {The Kain Cache Site (DILw{\textendash}12): A Functional Explanation of a Boulder Structure on the Northern Plains/Parkland Interface}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {173-181}, author = {B.A. Nicholson} } @article {9766, title = {Introduction to Building a Contextual Milieu: Interdisciplinary Modeling and Theoretical Perspectives from the SCAPE Project}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

To introduce the volume, we present a brief background to the SCAPE Project, and then an overview of the methodological approaches that we have used to achieve our research goals. This is followed by an overview of current and past theoretical approaches to archaeological interpretation. We conclude with a brief discussion of the value of the concept of building a contextual milieu.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Dion Wiseman} } @article {9760, title = {Sub-plough Zone Testing at the Lowton Site (DiLv{\textendash}3): The Vickers Focus Type Site in Southwest Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {087-100}, abstract = {

The Lowton site, type site for the horticulturally supported Vickers Focus, has long been of interest to Manitoba archaeologists. Since the site was first identified, in the 1920s, it has proven difficult to accurately date and to firmly establish the degree of horticultural dependence. To address these problems, and to recover material for radiocarbon dating, subsurface testing for storage pits and undisturbed deposits was undertaken in 1992. Testing did not identify pits, but evidence of a hearth was recovered. Excavations revealed that while this feature was undisturbed by cultivation, it was extensively disturbed by rodent activity. A radiocarbon date of 510 +/-110 B.P. was obtained on associated bone. These finds, together with the continued recovery of artifacts on the surface indicate that intact deposits likely occur in other parts of the site.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Mary Malainey} } @article {9765, title = {Building the Contextual Milieu: An Approach to Data Collection and Interpretation}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {10-47}, abstract = {

In this paper an integrated approach to archaeological data collection and interpretation is offered, based upon the fundamental idea that all archaeological materials were deposited in a complex, interactive, contextual milieu, comprised of the physical, biological and cultural aspects of a past environment. Further, it is apparent that these useful but arbitrary divisions of the contextual milieu were intimately interconnected and, while they can be readily separated for analytical purposes, this interconnection must be recognized to fully understand the context in which past societies operated. A brief discussion of the major aspects of the physical, biological and cultural environment and their significance for human populations is offered, followed by a discussion of evidence upon which our analyses relied. This paper provides a contextual interpretive framework using examples from the SCAPE Project to illustrate the utility of an applied theoretical approach to the collection and subsequent interpretation of archaeological data.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson and Scott Hamilton and Garry Running and Matthew Boyd} } @article {9761, title = {The Role of Pocket Gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in Restructuring Stratigraphic Relationships at the Lovstrom Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {323-331}, abstract = {

Taphonomic disturbance is examined at the Lovstrom site, a site containing Vickers Focus and Late Woodland ceramics. In particular, the role of pocket gophers as major taphonomic agents in prairie/parkland sites in southwestern Manitoba is discussed. The magnitude and the nature of disturbance at the Lovstrom site by Pocket Gophers are quantified, together with a brief account of their ecology, social patterning and capabilities as a burrowing species. Materials greater than 7\ cm in diameter, including bone, cannot be readily moved through the gopher burrows and, though subject to the effects of soil subsidence, essentially remain in their relative positions and provide potentially accurate radiocarbon dates.

}, author = {B.A. Nicholson} } @article {9479, title = {Statement of Principles for Ethical Conduct Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {005-008}, author = {Bev Nicolson and David Pokotylo and Ron Williamson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9334, title = {A History of the Native People of Canada: Volume III, Part 1 (A.D. 500{\textendash}European Contact)}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {328-331}, editor = {William C. Noble} } @article {9769, title = {Ontario Iroquois Effigy Pipes}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {069-090}, abstract = {

This paper presents a basic taxonomic classification for Ontario Iroquois effigy pipes. Forty-five zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and dual styles (types) are enumerated. In addition, twelve lines of interpretation provide varying explanations of what this art work means. It is concluded that multiple explanations are required, and that they are effigy specific.

}, author = {William.C. Noble} } @Symposium Papers {11002, title = {Canadian prehistory: The lower Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {96-121}, author = {William~C.~Noble} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9333, title = {Dekah De{\textquoteright}nin{\textquoteright}s Village and the Dixthada Site:A Contribution to Northern Athapaskan Prehistory}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {181-183}, editor = {William C. Noble} } @article {9768, title = {Tsouharissen{\textquoteright}s Chiefdom: An Early Historic 17th Century Neutral Iroquoian Ranked Society}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {131-146}, abstract = {

Archaeology, ethnohistory, and an oral tradition provide three streams of information to help recognise and define an early 17th century ranked society among the Neutral Iroquois of the Hamilton-Niagara region. Specific factors contributing to this definition include the presence of: a paramount chief with absolute authority over some ten tribes; settlement unit hierarchies; sizeable population density; massive warfare; long-distance trade; subsistence productivity; ranked burials; and indications of some part-time craft specialization. The historic Neutral Iroquois case illustrates a veritable chiefdom at a higher and more complex level of socio-political organization than other contemporaneous Iroquoian confederacies. This evolutionary advancement for the early 17th century Neutral developed, flourished, and collapsed during the life-time of paramount warrior-priest-chief, Tsouharissen (\&$\#$39;the Sun\&$\#$39;s Child\&$\#$39;).

}, author = {William C. Noble} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12174, title = {Woodland in the Neolithic of Northern Europe: The Forest as Ancestor}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {100-103}, editor = {Laurence Ferland} } @Obituaries {9940, title = {James Millar (1924{\textendash}1994)}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {129-132}, author = {Bill Noble} } @article {9767, title = {Historic Neutral Iroquois Settlement Patterns}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {003-027}, abstract = {

The settlement patterns for the Neutral Iroquois of the Hamilton-Niagara region of southwestern Ontario are providing the most up-to-date information and detailed models currently available for an historic Northeastern Iroquois group. In this paper, thirteen years of settlement research are evaluated and examined according to five ascending levels of enquiry that span low-level definition of features to the higher and most difficult task of reconstructing the physical features of the historic Neutral chiefdom.

}, author = {William C. Noble} } @Symposium Papers {10991, title = {Potsherds, Potlids and Politics: An Overview of Ontario Archaeology During the 1970{\textquoteright}s}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {167-194}, author = {William C. Noble} } @article {9876, title = {One hundred and twenty-five years of archaeology in the Canadian provinces}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {4}, year = {1972}, pages = {001-078}, author = {William~C.~Noble} } @Obituaries {9939, title = {John Norman Emerson (1917{\textendash}1978)}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {240-244}, author = {William C. Noble} } @inbook {11030, title = {Appendix I: NOGAP Radiocarbon Dates}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {213-225}, author = {Compiled By Luc Nolin}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11028, title = {Archaeological Potential Along the Lower Mackenzie River, N.W.T.: Recent Data and Some Considerations}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {151-170}, abstract = {The results of recently conducted archaeological surveys in the lower Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T., demonstrate a greater archaeological potential than hitherto assumed. These data modify the widespread view according to which few archaeological sites along the immediate course of the river had actually escaped the ravages of the Mackenzie{\textquoteright}s spectacular spring floods. Archaeological sites were in fact found in a wide variety of locational contexts. Moreover, the quality of that record, when buried under overbank deposits, is superior to that usually found in the interior where soil development is negligible, and the soil chemistry not conducive to organic preservation. In short, the elements needed to write the prehistory of this zone are still accessible.}, author = {Luc Nolin and Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11031, title = {Appendix II: NOGAP Bibliography}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {227-238}, author = {Compiled By Luc Nolin and Ken Swayze}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9088, title = {Handbook of Landscape Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {281-285}, editor = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9922, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9926, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {ii-viii}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9921, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9920, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9927, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9341, title = {Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {141-142}, editor = {Gerald A. Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9919, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9928, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @article {9770, title = {The New Ecology and Landscape Archaeology: Incorporating the Anthropogenic Factor in Models of Settlement Systems in the Canadian Prairie Ecozone}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {65-92}, abstract = {

In archaeology, models of hunter-gatherer settlement systems derive from concepts developed in ecology. More specifically, mobility strategies, or the nature of seasonal movements across a landscape, are viewed as being closely related to the resource structure of the environment. However, recent advances in ecology acknowledge the importance of history, disturbance, and contingency in the interpretation of biotic communities. Furthermore, humans are often identified as integral components of the ecosystem and important agents of disturbance, especially in the field of historical ecology. Unfortunately, research in historical ecology has concentrated on the impact of agricultural practices, leaving one with the impression that human groups were not important agents of disturbance before the domestication of plants and animals. The goal of this presentation is to argue that even the activities of hunter-gatherers are relevant when interpreting the development of biotic communities across the world.

}, author = {Gerald A. Oetelaar and D. Joy Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9923, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {iii-v}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9925, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: Training the Next Generation of Archaeologists: Resiliency in the Face of Continuing Challenges}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {iii-vi}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9252, title = {Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {217-220}, editor = {Gerald A. Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9924, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes: Training the Next Generation of Archaeologists: Some Challenges}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {iii-v1}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9929, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Notes}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {iii-iv}, author = {Gerald Oetelaar} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9160, title = {Ancestral Appetites: Food in Prehistory}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {202-205}, editor = {Helen Ohlke} } @article {9771, title = {Beyond the Water{\textquoteright}s Edge: Towards a Social Archaeology of Landscape on the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {1-27}, abstract = {

Recent research into the environmental history of the Northwest Coast has revealed the significant cultural impact that pre-contact and contact period Indigenous communities had on the surrounding landscape. Ethnobotanical, paleoenvironmental, ethnographic, and archaeological approaches have documented the degrees to which people managed ecosystems or otherwise altered the physical landscape in places once considered \"wilderness\" by newcomers. Less attention has been paid to the ways in which landscapes were socially constructed and how living and working in such places gave meaning to social life at a variety of scales. Drawing from ethnographic, environmental and archaeological evidence, and taking into account how changes in the land would have become entangled within the routines of working the landscape, this article examines and interprets some of the social distinctions that people might have constructed through these places in the past. Two case studies from the central Coast Salish region are examined: first, the social practices and landscape features associated with cedar bark-stripping; and second, gardening traditions in sub-alpine areas of the Coast and Cascade Mountains. The results of this study suggest that we cannot separate economic (or cultural) patterns from the social qualities that are implicated within the practice of landscape modification, and that working and living through such places was socially consequential and bound up with concepts of history, memory, and identity.

}, author = {Jeff Oliver} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9335, title = {Landscapes and Social Transformations on the Northwest Coast: Colonial Encounters in the Fraser Valley}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {183-186}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @article {9772, title = {Multidimensional Scaling of Northwest Coast Faunal Assemblages: A Case Study from Southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {88-112}, abstract = {

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) has been previously applied successfully to the analysis of artifact assemblages from archaeological contexts. Despite the suitability of archaeological faunal data to such analysis, MDS has not been applied to faunal data. In this study, MDS analysis was applied to 21 faunal assemblages from 14 Graham Tradition sites in the Kunghit region of southern Haida Gwaii. A separation of salmon-dominated and rockfish-dominated assemblages provided the strongest result of this analysis, strengthening previous interpretations made for these data. Additionally, MDS analysis revealed functional and regional variability that had not been previously identified. Functionality was reflected in the separation of differing site types, while regional distribution of resources was also highlighted by the analysis. These results contribute to an understanding of Kunghit Haida subsistence and settlement while demonstrating the utility of MDS for faunal analysis.

}, author = {Trevor J. Orchard and Terence Clark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9336, title = {Zooarchaeology (2nd Edition)}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {158-161}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @article {12542, title = {Framing Questions that Count in African Canadian Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {217-241}, abstract = {

The archaeological investigation of African life in Europe{\textquoteright}s New World has been a major focus of much historical archaeology for decades. Canadian historical archaeologists, except for a number in Nova Scotia, generally have not pursued this line of research. This paper offers a brief history of African Diaspora archaeology, provides an overview of the research in Nova Scotia, and presents three topics amenable to further research in African Canada.

}, author = {Charles E. Orser, Jr.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9134, title = {Becoming an Archaeologist: A Guide to Professional Pathways}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {363-365}, editor = {Krystal Osborn} } @article {11244, title = {Geochemistry of Pre-Contact Potsherds from Southern Mainland Nova Scotia: Constraints on Pottery Pathways}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {231-267}, abstract = {

The mineralogy and bulk chemical compositions of 33 potsherds (14 shell-tempered, 19 grit-tempered) and local sediments (sand and clay, where present) from six pre-contact Mi{\textquoteright}kmaw sites across southern mainland Nova Scotia were determined, and are compared to samples from a long-used aboriginal site (BdDk-1) near the mouth of Bear River, in the Annapolis Basin. The immediate area around four of these sites (at Brighton, Port Joli, Wynacht Cove and Frost Fish Cove), all coastal, lack surface clay deposits, but good-quality clay is abundant in areas once overlain by glacial lakes. These include the two inland localities (at Enfield and Melanson) and the Annapolis Basin. Grit temper is dominated by the mineralogical constituents of biotite granodiorite found near Bear River. Muscovite is virtually absent, precluding the use of two-mica monzogranite as temper. The mineralogical criteria linking grit-tempered sherds to the Bear River area are supported by statistical analysis of bulk compositional data for the sample suite. Shell-tempered samples lack granodiorite clasts, so are compositionally distinct except where calcium-poor (i.e., contain little shell material). Those from Bear River overlap the compositions of shell-tempered samples from the sites along the Atlantic coast, suggesting a common origin. We postulate that pottery from the Annapolis Basin was distributed to other sites in the province via navigable waterways.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and John D. Greenough and Megan Himmelman and Stephen T. Powell} } @article {9773, title = {Provenance of a True-Porcelain Chocolate Mug from the Rockingham Inn (c.1796{\textendash}1833) Site, Bedford, Nova Scotia: Constraints from Compositional Data}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {051-062}, abstract = {

The Rockingham Inn, ten kilometres north of Halifax, was initially built as part of a barracks complex erected in 1796, but was later converted to an inn that was home to the Rockingham Club, an elite men\&$\#$39;s club whose members included many of Halifax\&$\#$39;s most prominent citizens. After the demise of the Club in 1814, the inn continued to serve the local community until its destruction by fire in 1833. A fragment from a chocolate mug recovered from the Rockingham Inn site has the composition of true (hard-paste) porcelain. Compositionally, the body of this object most closely resembles the true porcelain manufactured at the Caughley (c.l795- 1799)/Coalport (c.1799-1837) and Plymouth (c.l768-1770)/Bristol (c.1770-1781) works, but it has an alkali-lime (rather than lead-rich) glaze similar to Bristol\&$\#$39;s. This artifact is therefore tentatively attributed to Bristol, but additional analytical data for these and other early British true porcelains are required to confirm this attribution.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and Paul B. Williams} } @article {9774, title = {Geochemical and Mineralogical Constraints on the Provenance of L{\textquoteright}sitkuk Bear River Pottery from the Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {076-105}, abstract = {

Seven sherds of ancestral (Woodland Period) Mi\’kmaq pottery excavated from L\’sitkuk Bear River (\“LBR\”; Borden number BdDk-1) and sediments from the Annapolis Basin, its tributaries, and elsewhere in southwestern Nova Scotia are chemically analyzed. The goal of this investigation is to (1) compositionally characterize these ceramic wares, and (2) identify the source of the raw materials used in their manufacture to confirm that these ceramic artifacts were produced near to where they were found. The results identified two compositional groupings of pottery and one outlier sample. One group (Group A) is enriched in diverse trace elements (notably the Rare Earth Elements and some high field-strength elements) that exploratory statistics (multidimensional scaling) indicate are geochemically linked to sand and the most Al-rich clays from the Annapolis Basin/Bear River area as well as disaggregated biotite granodiorite derived from Devonian plutons cropping out inland. Sherds with lower concentrations of these trace elements (Group B) are linked to clays along the Annapolis River, and are depleted in granodiorite constituents. The outlier has a composition similar to Group B sherds but contains some distinct temper grains (e.g., Mg-rich biotite). The trace element signature of LBR pottery is largely controlled by accessory minerals, notably phosphates such as monazite that originate at least in part in the granodiorite. The granodiorite temper grains in the potsherds more clearly link these ceramics to this area than the other materials used in their production. Although recognized as an important trade and meeting site with a continuous cultural sequence between ca. 2150 and ca.\ 950 B.P., the analytical data reported here suggest that LBR pottery, including the anomalous sample, were produced domestically, and that the ancestral Mi\’kmaq potters were highly selective in choosing the raw materials they used to make their wares.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and Dorota Forfa and John D. Greenough} } @article {9777, title = {Compositional and Mineralogical Fingerprinting of 18th{\textendash}19th-Century Earthenware from Eastern Canadian Potworks and Archaeological Sites}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {175-196}, abstract = {

Redware pottery sherds from six 19th-century eastern Canadian potworks were analysed to determine their major-element chemical composition, mineralogy, and glazing. This was done in an attempt to trace individual pottery specimens to their factory source. The results indicate that whereas unsourced potsherds can be distinguished geochemically, none can yet be traced to a specific factory. Additional analyses of samples from eastern Canadian, New England, and Britain are required to identify the sources of the redware found in many 18th- and 19th-century Maritime archaeological sites.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen and Walli Rainey} } @article {9776, title = {The Como-Hudson Factories (c. 1845{\textendash}77): Results of Geochemical Analyses for Qu{\'e}bec{\textquoteright}s First Known Glassworks}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {074-097}, abstract = {

Sherds from three mid-19th century glassworks in the Como-Hudson area, Qu{\'e}bec, were analysed for their major, minor, and selected trace element contents. The compositional data indicate that local sand is insufficiently silicious to have been used in its manufacture, and thus do not support historical evidence to the contrary. Although the major-element compositions of Como and Hudson glass overlap, they differ from some contemporary Ontario wares, particularly with regard to their CaO, Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 contents. However, the possibility that imported scrap glass (cullet) was used in some early glassworks requires that caution be exercised where the compositions of excavated sherds from factory sites are to be used for provenance studies.

}, author = {J. Victor Owen} } @article {9775, title = {Geochemical Characterization of Alleged Mallorytown Glass (c. 1839{\textendash}40) in the Royal Ontario Museum and Its Distinction from Contemporary Upstate New York Glassware}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {287-308}, abstract = {

Chemical analysis shows that several of the alleged Mallorytown glass pitchers, bowls, and tumblers in the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) have distinctive potassic soda-lime (K+Na+Ca-rich) compositions that resemble waste glass from the factory site, thereby supporting their attribution to this, the first-known Canadian glassworks. The composition of one object in particular, the Burnham\&$\#$39; bowl, so closely resembles this waste glass that it can now be considered to be an authenticated Mallorytown artifact. Although potassic soda-lime cullet and waste glass have also been recovered from the contemporary Redford and Redwood glassworks in upstate New York, their compositions tend to differ both from one another and from Mallorytown glass. Some of the cullet associated with these glassworks, however, consists of low-K soda-lime glass, and at Redwood, this was used to make window panes and, on an ad hoc basis, tableware. In addition, some shaped low-K glass objects were recovered from the Mallorytown site, suggesting that this type of glass might also have been used to make tableware such as one of the alleged Mallorytown pitchers in the ROM\&$\#$39;s collection. Based on its composition, however, it seems likely that this particular pitcher was made at Redwood. \&$\#$39;

}, author = {J. Victor Owen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11941, title = {Integrative Approaches in Ceramic Petrography}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {279-282}, editor = {Stanley Klassen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9038, title = {Ancient South America}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {139-141}, editor = {Augusto Oyuela-Caycedo} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9399, title = {A Prehistory of Ordinary People}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {187-188}, editor = {Scott Palumbo} } @article {12927, title = {Indigenous Human Remains Database from Archaeological Sites in Qu{\'e}bec: Preliminary Results}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {330-354}, abstract = {

This paper presents the preliminary results of a project initiated by the Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke and the Groupe de recherche Arch{\'e}oSociale/Arch{\'e}oScience (Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al) to create a database of archaeological sites in Quebec that included Indigenous human remains. This document will be a useful tool for the repatriation/rematriation process. Using existing inventories, the database collated various data points for each site, such as the Borden code, location, date, minimal number of individuals (MNI), location of remains, reports, etc. Three site categories were identified: 1)\ those describing the discovery of human remains associated with Indigenous people (103 sites); 2)\ those with-out skeletal remains despite mentioning the presence of burial(s) (8 sites); and 3)\ those not reporting any information (81 sites). From these sites, information on more than 678 individuals have been collected so far. Site mapping has allowed the visualization of site distribution spatially and through time. Further research is needed to clarify the cultural affiliation and the storage location of these human remains.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.330}, author = {Jesseca Paquette and Isabelle Ribot and Christian Gates St-Pierre and Christine Zachary-Deom and Gaetan Nolet} } @article {9778, title = {The Kisis Complex: Implications of Historic Marriage Practices for Selkirk Ware in Northwestern Saskatchewan}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {099-114}, abstract = {

Selkirk ware pottery recovered from the upper Churchill River basin in northwestern Saskatchewan was examined between 1991 and 1995 to revise the existing regional culture history and provide information on the cultural practices of the people who crafted it. The primary focus of this regional study was to determine if marriage patterns reminiscent of the Western Woods Cree, who are hypothesized to be the descendants of the people who made Selkirk ware, could be recognized in late pre-European contact times via type and type-variety distribution analysis.

}, author = {Todd Paquin} } @article {11401, title = {Burin and Spall Use at an Inland Arctic Small Tool Tradition Site, Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {63-78}, abstract = {

Burins and burin spalls are among the most distinctive Arctic Small Tool tradition flaked stone items but questions remain about how and for what purposes they were used. A study of the burin spalls from a multi-component site located in the interior of Baffin Island, LdFa-1, reveals differences in use-wear from coastal sites that may reflect different activities, and demonstrates that burins and burin spall tools were likely expediently manufactured and discarded.

}, author = {Robert W. Park and S. Brooke Milne and Douglas R. Stenton} } @article {9779, title = {Demography and the Reconstruction of Social Organization from Thule Wintering Sites in Arctic Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {115-126}, abstract = {

The coastal wintering sites created throughout the Canadian Arctic and Greenland by the people of the Thule culture are increasingly attracting attention from archaeologists interested in exploring questions of social organization among Arctic hunter-gatherers. The sites vary considerably in size, consisting of anywhere from one to over 60 discrete semisubterranean houses. The larger sites are often assumed to have been aggregation sites with a large resident population, analogous to the large winter aggregations documented among the Inuit by explorers and ethnographers. This paper argues that the criteria presently used to evaluate the size of the resident population at Thule winter sites - the number of winter houses; their architecture; and the degree to which they cluster together - can plausibly be expected to vary both synchronically and diachronically, and are therefore inadequate for making demographic inferences without good chronological control.

}, author = {Robert W. Park} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9338, title = {Crossroads to Greenland: 3000 Years of Prehistory in the Eastern Arctic}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {121-122}, editor = {Robert W. Park} } @article {9782, title = {"Winter Houses" and Qarmat in Thule and Historic Inuit Settlement Patterns: Some implications for Thule Studies}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {163-175}, abstract = {

Reconstructions of Thule Culture settlement patterns have for the most part relied on data from two different types of semi-subterranean dwelling structure: winter houses and qarmat. Two rather different annual rounds have been proposed on the basis of these house types, and many of our inferences concerning the development of the Historic Inuit from the Thule Culture have been based on this. The utility of the winter house/qarmat distinction is explored using historic and archaeological data, and it is argued that some generally accepted models of Thule settlement and subsistence need to be tested.

}, author = {Robert W. Park} } @article {9781, title = {Approaches to Dating the Thule Culture in the Eastem Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {029-048}, abstract = {

Change over time is a central factor in most explanations of variability in the sites and artifacts of the Thule culture of the North American Arctic. Three techniques are commonly used to make inferences concerning the age of Thule sites: stratigraphy, seriation, and radiocarbon dating. Each presents difficulties peculiar to Thule sites and materials. Following a review of the use of these techniques in Thule research, this paper tests the usefulness of harpoon heads as chronological indicators.

}, author = {Robert W. Park} } @article {9780, title = {How Small is Too Small? Dorset Culture "Miniature" Harpoon Heads}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {258-272}, abstract = {

Archaeologists investigating Dorset culture harpoon heads have observed that some specimens are noticeably smaller than all the rest. These miniature harpoon heads\&$\#$39; have been identified variously as toys, as art, and as the paraphernalia of shamans. The excavation of two Dorset sites in 2001 produced assemblages of harpoon heads of varying sizes. In order to correctly classify those harpoon heads, and to determine if \&$\#$39;miniature harpoon heads\&$\#$39; represented a separate conceptual category for the Dorset, the authors studied harpoon heads from a wide range of sites and determined that there is no justification for considering small harpoon heads as a separate category based solely on metrics. There is evidence that some of the smallest harpoon heads were mounted on proportionately much larger harpoons, indicating that they may have been used in hunting small species. \&$\#$39;

}, author = {Robert W. Park and Pauline M. Mousseau} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9245, title = {Middle Dorset Variability and Regional Cultural Traditions: A Case Study from Newfoundland and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {366-367}, editor = {Robert W. Park} } @article {9783, title = {The Fitzgerald Site: A Non-Meadowood Early Woodland Site in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {121-148}, abstract = {

The lithic assemblage from the Early Woodland affiliated Fitzgerald site is described. The site consists of four activity areas which are homogeneous in terms of tool forms and diagnostics. There are concentrations of exotic chert tools which may have once been caches. The exotic chert sources tend to be located in Michigan or northern Ontario. Diagnostic stemmed projectile points are most similar to Early Woodland examples from southern Michigan and northern Ohio, such as Kramer, Leimbach or Adena. Based on morphological similarities of the exotic tools such as the stemmed bifaces, the Fitzgerald assemblage is dated to ca. 600 B.C. to A.D. 1. The Fitzgerald assemblage represents the first reported non-mortuary late Early Woodland, non-Meadowood site in southern Ontario. Several implications of the Fitzgerald assemblage are discussed regarding the social, cultural, economic and environmental shifts which were occurring during the Early Woodland period in the lower Great Lakes area.

}, author = {L.R. Bud Parker} } @article {12540, title = {Exploring Community Formation and Coalescence at the Late Fourteenth{\textendash}Early Fifteenth-Century Tillsonburg Village Site (AfHe-38)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {162-200}, abstract = {

The concept of community coalescence involves the aggregation of previously separate social groups into one communal settlement. This has facilitated a greater understanding of Iroquoian community formation during the Late Woodland of southern Ontario. It is explored as the predominant conceptual approach to better understand the formation of the Tillsonburg Village{\textquoteright}s (AfHe-38) community plan, however, other processes relating to the contemporaneity of village areas or houses are also considered. The site is located in Tillsonburg, Ontario and dates from the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century (AD 1350{\textendash}1420). This paper explores the village{\textquoteright}s particularly large and dispersed community plan through an intra-site analysis of ceramic vessels and longhouse attributes, as these are considered useful indicators of social, organizational, and temporal processes. Spatial and statistical analyses are used to explore spatial patterning of attributes among their associated contexts. The results suggest that the Tillsonburg occupants were experimenting with formative processes of community coalescence; with groups interacting and living together in one settlement, yet remaining socially and spatially distinct within the larger village community.

}, author = {Rebecca Parry} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9008, title = {Labrador Inuit and Europeans in the Strait of Belle Isle: From the Written Sources to the Archaeological Evidence}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {134-136}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9435, title = {The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas; Volume 1 North America, 2 parts}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {084-086}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9434, title = {Cultures in Contact. The European Impact on Native Cultural Institutions in Eastem North America, A.D. 1000-1800 (Fitzhugh) and Natives and Newcomers: Canada{\textquoteright}s "Heroic Age" Reconsidered}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {230-245}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9421, title = {The Franklin Era in Canadian Arctic History, 1845{\textendash}1859}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {219-222}, editor = {Ralph Pastore} } @article {11537, title = {Elements of an Ancient Tsimshian Dwelling: An Archaeology of Architecture in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {269-307}, abstract = {Recent, renewed interest in the study of ancient indigenous NWC architecture has done much to augment our understanding of social, political, and economic relations in this region in the past. These studies have, by and large, emphasized architectural form over the practice or process of construction. Yet in other regions of the world, scholars are increasingly examining construction techniques in order comprehend the kinds of decisions that individuals and groups made with respect to building. This paper examines architectural remains from a small Middle Period (ca.~3500{\textendash}1500~BP) village site in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, with the explicit intent of shedding light on the kinds of structures that the Tsimshian built in the past and, in particular, the way in which small households constructed domestic dwellings. Results suggest that, in this case, walls were not mortised as they had been in the recent past. Rather, walls appear to have been constructed using a tying and sewing technique. I suggest that this household might have used tying and sewing for a variety of reasons that include household and community size, technology, mobility, and skill.}, author = {A. Katherine Patton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {8999, title = {The North Coast Prehistory Project Excavations in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia: The Artifacts}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {338-341}, editor = {A. Katherine Patton} } @article {9785, title = {Dendrochronology, CMTs, and Nuu-chah-nulth History on the West Coast of Vancouver Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {077-088}, abstract = {

Archaeologists have been aware of culturally modified trees (CMTs) for many years, but the interpretive potential of CMTs, and their key role in the recent archaeological record, have been largely ignored. This study attempts to correlate dendrochronological data from CMTs on the west coast of Vancouver Island with the history of the Nuu-chah-nulth people over the past 250 years. It is apparent that important patterns in Nuu-chah-nulth history during this period are reflected in the distribution of dates from CMTs; patterns such as territorial warfare, trade, demographic trends, and acculturation. It is asserted that the interpretive potential of CMTs should be explored more intensively by archaeologists.

}, author = {Brian Pegg} } @article {9786, title = {The Ottawa River Algonquin Bands in a St.Lawrence Iroquoian Context}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {063-136}, abstract = {

Current archaeological data and linguistic interpretations, together with seventeenth-century primary documentary and cartographic sources, provide no compelling evidence that an association existed between the Ottawa River Algonquins and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians in the upper St. Lawrence Valley prior to the destruction of these Iroquoians circa 1580. Neither is there evidence that the Onontchataronon Ottawa River Algonquin band having occupied the South Nation River basin as has been suggested. However, taken at face value, there is circumstantial evidence to suggest descendants of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians may have been living with one or another of the Ottawa River Algonquin bands circa 1640. The Onontchataronon band may have been largely composed of assimilated St. Lawrence Iroquoian refugees.

}, author = {James F. Pendergast} } @article {9788, title = {A Point Peninsula Rim Sherd from L{\textquoteright}Anse {\`a} Flamme, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {171-173}, author = {Gerald Penney} } @article {9787, title = {Burnt Knaps: a Micmac Site in Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {057-069}, abstract = {

Initial Micmac migration between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland is known to have occurred as early as the 17th century and continued, although often sporadically, over the following centuries. Resource depletion on the mainland, the conquest of Acadia by the English, and the demise of the Beothuck early in the 19th century are thought to be factors which encouraged migration. Burnt Knaps, an interior caribou hunting site, was occupied by Conne River Micmacs during the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the first Micmac site excavated in Newfoundland, and provides information concerning traditional dwellings, diet, and lifestyles.

}, author = {Gerald Penney and Heather Nicol} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9455, title = {Taming the Taxonomy: Toward a New Understanding of Great Lakes Archaeology}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {207-212}, editor = {James B. Peterson} } @article {9790, title = {Comments on David Meyer{\textquoteright}s "A Component in the Scottsbluff Tradition: Excavations at the Niska Site"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {167-169}, author = {Leo Pettipas} } @article {9791, title = {Rural Ceramic Manufacture in Precolumbian Honduras: The Application of Petrographic Analysis to the Study of the Cha{\^\i}nes Op{\'e}ratoires}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {166-187}, abstract = {

This study presents a preliminary attempt to examine stages within the cha{\^\i}ne op{\'e}ratoire of Late Classic (650\–900 C.E.) ceramic manufacture at the Precolumbian site of Rancho del Rio, Honduras. Materials recovered from patio, house mound, and midden excavations in a rural setting, including finished vessel sherds and potstands, in addition to briquettes made from local clay sources, are examined through thin section petrography. This attempt to outline technological chains and styles allows the classification and understanding of behaviour and ultimately, cognition, through the identification of the series of units of actions that bring a material from its natural state to a fabricated form.

}, author = {Meaghan Peuramaki-Brown} } @article {9794, title = {Le rapatriement des anc{\^e}tres Wendat, 2013}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {013-026}, abstract = {On September 14, 2013, the human remains from twelve Huron-Wendat ancestral archaeological sites, the skeletons of over 1,700 people, were re-buried at the Thonnakona Ossuary, Kleinburg, Ontario. This achievement followed years of discussion and planning between the Huron-Wendat Nation and the University of Toronto. In Canada, this kind of institutional transfer of authority is necessarily an iterative process. This brief document describes the context of this event, and confirms our shared intention to continue a strong relationship through which we will all learn new things about the ancestors.}, author = {Susan Pfeiffer and Louis Lesage} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9348, title = {The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {278-279}, editor = {Susan Pfeiffer} } @article {9792, title = {Spatial Distribution of Human Skeletal Material within an Iroquoian Ossuary}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {169-172}, abstract = {

A distribution plot of skeletal elements demonstrates that in at least one Iroquoian ossuary the elements are mixed in a random fashion throughout. Immature and mature, cranial and infracranial elements are examined. All categories show similar distributions. It is argued that the existence of such lack of pattern, if consistent. has relevance for the excavation of ossuaries and the cataloguing of remains.

}, author = {S. Pfeiffer} } @article {9793, title = {The Repatriation of Wendat Ancestors, 2013}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {005-12}, abstract = {

On September 14, 2013, the human remains from twelve Huron-Wendat ancestral archaeological sites, the skeletons of over 1,700 people, were re-buried at the Thonnakona Ossuary, Kleinburg, Ontario. This achievement followed years of discussion and planning between the Huron-Wendat Nation and the University of Toronto. In Canada, this kind of institutional transfer of authority is necessarily an iterative process. This brief document describes the context of this event, and confirms our shared intention to continue a strong relationship through which we will all learn new things about the ancestors.

}, author = {Susan Pfeiffer and Louis Lesage} } @article {9795, title = {The Messy Business of Archaeology as Participatory Local Knowledge: A Conversation Between the St{\'o}:lo Nation and Knowle West}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {466-495}, abstract = {

Archaeology assumes itself as a discipline through a practice of boundary-making that merges the past with the present. It is, in this practice, increasingly critiqued for being ethnocentric and separating power from the communities it claims to represent. In response, archaeology is experiencing a turn toward \“community\”. Examining two community archaeology case studies, we assess whether archaeology can be transformed into a discipline that productively participates in the liveliness and messy connectedness of objects, peoples, histories and cultures\—in contrast to a conventionally detached practice of objectifying other peoples\’ lifeways. In both cases, archaeological and descent communities play direct and central decision-making roles in this traditionally \“distanced\” discipline. They demonstrate means of re-figuring archaeology as a participatory practice. Community-founded archaeology is thus shown to transform methods commonly supporting institutional reproduction into a radically indigenous, emically structured, set of knowledge practices and outcomes.

}, author = {Angela Piccini and David M. Schaepe} } @article {9796, title = {Historic Native Archaeology Along the Lower Severn River, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {123-141}, abstract = {

Many historic Native components have been excavated along the Severn River of northern Ontario. These span the historic period, from earliest contacts to the present century. Changes in material remains, as well as in the faunal assemblages suggest that major elements of the traditional lifestyle persisted well beyond the initial contact period. In fact, major shifts cannot be perceived archaeologically until well into the nineteenth century. In this particular instance, we might question the degree of dependence of Native people on Europeans.

}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11020, title = {Bridges Across Time: The NOGAP Archaeology Project An Introduction}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {1-4}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @inbook {11019, title = {Insights into the Prehistory of the Lower Mackenzie Valley, Anderson Plain Region, Northwest Territories}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {89-111}, abstract = {During the first four years of the NOGAP Archaeology Project, 104 new archaeological sites were found in the southwest Anderson Plain. These sites are generally characterized by thin lithic scatters comprised mainly of undiagnostic debitage. In spite of the frustrating nature of the region{\textquoteright}s archaeology, elements of a local culture-history are emerging. Many of the sites attest to the Late Prehistoric Gwich{\textquoteright}in occupation of the region. Earlier cultural remains have been found which relate to the use of the area by the Arctic Small Tool tradition, and a second, non-ASTt, microblade manufacturing group. Although external relationships can be drawn, at present, it appears more fruitful to identify and define local culture-historical parameters.}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {11039, title = {Below the Falls; An Ancient Cultural Landscape in the Centre of (Canada{\textquoteright}s National Capital Region) Gatineau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {257-293}, abstract = {

Recently discovered information clearly identifies Hull Landing in Gatineau as the location of a burial place first documented in 1843 and, since the late nineteenth century, believed to have been located across the river in Ottawa. It appears to have been chosen for the burial of generations of people beginning sometime between 4,500 and 4,900 years ago. That same location was the beginning of a major portage. Nearby was a place of great spiritual significance and power: the Chaudi{\`e}re Falls. The delta of the Gatineau River downstream from Hull Landing was a summer gathering place with a wealth of food and lithic resources. People travelled down the Gatineau, Rideau and Ottawa rivers to meet, trade and exchange information beginning some 4,600 years ago. When combined with additional archaeological evidence, accumulated over the past 170 years, it is now apparent that the north shore of the Ottawa River between the Chaudi{\`e}re Falls and the mouth of the Gatineau River constituted a cultural landscape that had been used for somewhere on the order of four to five millennia.

}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon and Randy Boswell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9351, title = {Since Time Immemorial, {\textquotedblleft}Our Story{\textquotedblright}: The Story of the Kitigan Zibi Anishin{\`a}beg (Stephen McGregor) and Algonquin Traditional Culture: The Algonquin of the Kitchissippi Valley: Traditional Culture at the Early Contact Period}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {332-337}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {12780, title = {A GIS Analysis of Intra-Site Spatial Patterning at the Early Paleoindian Mt.~Albion West Site (AhGw-131)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {222{\textendash}252 }, abstract = {

The Mt. Albion West (AhGw-131) Early Paleoindian site is one of only a handful of Late Pleistocene sites in Ontario. Excavated by Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) between 1998 and 2004, the site is situated adjacent to the Red Hill valley on the Niagara Escarpment in Hamilton, Ontario. The project yielded detailed analyses concerning the tools and debitage recovered from the four discrete artifact concentration areas at this site in addition to a brief assessment of potentially significant intra-site patterning within one locus. In this paper, the four activity areas from Mt. Albion West are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate these spatial relationships with an eye toward interpreting the duration and frequency of the site{\textquoteright}s occupation(s) as well as its function(s) within the broader Gainey settlement system.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.222}, author = {Amelia K. Pilon and Christopher M. Watts} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9000, title = {Dynamics of Northern Societies: Proceedings of the SILA/NABO Conference on Arctic and North Atlantic Archaeology}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {168-170}, editor = {Claude Pinard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9352, title = {Nunguvik et Saatut. Sites pal{\'e}oeskimaux de Navy Board Inlet, {\^\i}le de Baffin}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {190-191}, editor = {Claude Pinard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9358, title = {The Dorset Occupations in the Vicinity of Port Refuge, High Arctic Canada}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {176-178}, editor = {Patrick Plumet} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9353, title = {The Thule Village at Brooman Point, High Arctic Canada}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {089-091}, editor = {Patrick Plumet} } @article {9797, title = {{\'E}tude technologique de l{\textquoteright}exploitation des blocs et des galets en m{\'e}tabasalte par les Dors{\'e}tiens au site Tuvaaluk (Dia.4, JfEl{\textendash}4)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {143-170}, abstract = {

The object of this article is to draw the attention of archaeologists working in the Arctic to a minority of lithic tools made of metabasalt. Much bigger than other rock families (pebbles, blocks, large flakes), they have received a different technical treatment. The lithic assemblage of the Tuvaaluk archaeological site (Dia. 4, JfEI-4), allows us to reconstitute the lithic reduction sequence, from the collection of raw material to the consumption of the tools themselves. A study of the mode of exploitation used by Dorset people on this kind of rock has been done in order to find the manufacturing techniques and to examine the questions posed by its presence. The results reveal a particular exploitation linked to the local availability of rocks and to the function of these tools. The pebbles tools, often neglected, are part of the Dorset technical system and deserve to be studied.

}, author = {Serge Lebel et Patrick Plumet} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9355, title = {The Lagoon Site (OjRI-3): Implications for Palaeoeskimo Interactions}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {086-088}, editor = {Patrick Plumet} } @article {9800, title = {Public Opinion and Canadian Archaeological Heritage: A National Perspective}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {088-129}, abstract = {

A national survey of Canadian public opinion on archaeological heritage issues focused on four main areas: knowledge of archaeology; interest and participation in archaeology; awareness of and support for heritage conservation initiatives; and Aboriginal stewardship of the archaeological record. Data collected from a random sample of 1,501 residents across Canada in 2000 indicate a high level of interest and support for archaeology and heritage conservation, but also a high level of misunderstanding about the archaeological record and current legislative measures to protect it. In contrast to recent changes in legislation and initiatives within the discipline, public attitude towards Aboriginal stewardship of archaeological resources is reserved. Region, education, age, and gender are significant factors affecting differences in opinion. Comparison of select variables from this survey with results from a national survey of the United States shows that the Canadian and American publics are more similar than different in their opinions on archaeological heritage.

}, author = {David Pokotylo} } @article {9799, title = {Archaeological Evidence for Prehistoric Root Gathering in the Southern Interior Plateau of British Columbia: A Case Study from Upper Hat Creek Valley}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {127-157}, abstract = {

Archaeological implications of ethnohistoric Interior Salish Indian root gathering activities are compared to surface survey and excavation data from Upper Hat Creek Valley in southern interior British Columbia. The analysis indicates overall congruity between ethnographic expectations and the archaeological record, although a number of discrepancies suggest that the prehistoric pattern of root utilization was different from the ethnohistoric. A methodology for inferring the function and subsurface structure of pit features from survey data is also described.

}, author = {David L. Pokotylo and Patricia D. Froese} } @inbook {11032, title = {Archaeological Investigations at Vihtr{\textquoteright}iitshik (MiTi-1), Lower Mackenzie Valley, 1992}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {171-192}, abstract = {In 1992, an intensive survey of the MiTi-1 locality recorded 87 concentrations of lithic artifacts exposed on remnant ground surfaces on bench and ridge areas on the west side of Thunder River valley at its confluence with the Mackenzie River Valley. Most of the 25 surface features excavated had lithic artifacts distributed in a collapsed burnt humic layer and the top of the underlying mineral soil. The excavated lithic assemblage includes 98 tools and 36 282 pieces of debitage. The artifact assemblage and hearth features suggest general occupation activities in addition to quarrying and artifact manufacture. The antiquity of the archaeological deposits is undetermined due to a lack of datable material.}, author = {David L. Pokotylo}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9798, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award Presented to Roy Carlson}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {005-006}, author = {David Pokotylo} } @Symposium Papers {10968, title = {Archaeological resource inventories: Two case studies from the British Columbia interior plateau}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {147-161}, author = {D.~Pokotylo} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11251, title = {Ladies of the Canyons: A League of Extraordinary Women and Their Adventures in the American Southwest}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {352{\textendash}355}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @article {9653, title = {Algonquian Culture Development and Archaeological Sequences in Northeastern Ontario}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {001-053}, author = {John~W.~Pollock} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9005, title = {Spirits of The Pictured Waters, The Archaeology of The Missinaibi River Valley}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {168-169}, editor = {John William Pollock} } @Symposium Papers {10992, title = {Plains Archaic Complexes in the Alberta Parkland and Boreal Forest}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {145-153}, abstract = {This paper reviews data from Oxbow sites in central Alberta and adjacent areas, and makes suggestions regarding the question of whether Oxbow represents a widespread {\textquoteright}culture{\textquoteright} or several different cultures sharing a distinctive projectile point form.}, author = {John W. Pollock} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9193, title = {The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {171-173}, editor = {Peter E. Pope} } @article {9801, title = {Archaeology in the Middle Fraser Canyon, British Columbia: Changing Perspectives on Paleoecology and Emergent Cultural Complexity}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {143-174}, abstract = {

Archaeological research in the Middle Fraser Canyon of British Columbia offers significant opportunities for advancing our knowledge of the development of dense aggregate villages and complex social relations among hunter-gatherer-fisher peoples. Our research indicates that these villages developed after 2000 cal B.P., grew in size during the subsequent millennium, and developed patterns of inter-household wealth-based inequalities in approximately the final three centuries prior to abandonment. These findings contrast with conclusions drawn by Hayden primarily during the 1980s. Hayden and Mathewes (2009) now offer a broad critique of these results. Given that a new generation of archaeologists is initiating research in the Mid-Fraser, it seems time to review the current state of knowledge and to outline new theoretical models, hypotheses, and methodological approaches (e.g., application of applied geophysics to Mid-Fraser village investigations) to help guide the development of research in the twenty-first century.

}, author = {Anna Marie Prentiss and James C. Chatters and Natasha Lyons and Lucille E. Harris} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12176, title = {The Last House at Bridge River: The Archaeology of an Aboriginal Household in British Columbia During the Fur Trade Period}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {108-110}, editor = {Jesse Morin} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9223, title = {Chemical Analysis of Prehistoric Human Bone from Five Temporally Distinct Populations in Southern Ontario}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {166-168}, editor = {T. Douglas Price} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9342, title = {Archaeological Curatorship}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {127-129}, editor = {John Priegert} } @article {9802, title = {Fish Weirs, Salmon Productivity, and Village Settlement in an Upper Skeena River Tributary, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {68-87}, abstract = {

A group of fish weirs at Kitwancool Lake in northern British Columbia, ranging in date from 770 \± 40 BP to historic times, provides evidence of an intensive fishing economy, potentially exploiting at least four species of salmon. Although they are located in an ecologically vulnerable position on a single stem of the Skeena River, and modern fish stocks at the lake fluctuate significantly, I suggest that the variety of salmon entering the weir sites alleviated fluctuations in individual species abundance and enhanced the viability of fishing as a basis for permanent settlement. I also argue that examining the relationship between intensive fishing technology and the structure of the resource contributes to our understanding of risk reduction in hunting-fishing-gathering economies in general, and of the organization of local group territories in the upper Skeena drainage in particular.

}, author = {Paul Prince} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9212, title = {Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis (2nd edition)}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {137-139}, editor = {Brian Pritchard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9251, title = {A Frontier Fur Trade Blacksmith Shop, 1796{\textendash}1812}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {231-232}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9458, title = {Trademarks on Base-Metal Tableware}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {152-153}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9301, title = {The Soldier Off Duty: Domestic Aspects of Military Life at Fort Chambly Under the French Regime as Revealed by Archaeological Objects}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {243-245}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9129, title = {Nottingham House: The Hudson{\textquoteright}s Bay Company in Athabasca 1802{\textendash}1806 (Karklins); Nottingham House, Lake Athabasca 1802{\textendash}1806}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {223-224}, editor = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @article {9803, title = {The Use of Fur Trade Goods by the Plains Indians, Central and Southern Alberta, Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {045-084}, abstract = {

This paper examines the rate that Native people adopted European goods in southern and central Alberta during the Protohistoric and Historic Periods. Using the historic documentary and archaeological evidence from Alberta, the degree of use of European goods by Plains Indians during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was re-considered. The results indicate that Alberta Plains Indians, living in the \&$\#$39;Indirect\&$\#$39; trade zone, retained much of their traditional material culture and acquired relatively few European goods during the Protohistoric Period. With the permanent establishment of fur trade posts in Alberta, Native peoples gradually acquired more European goods. These results are contrary to Ray\&$\#$39;s (1978) model that suggests extensive Cree and Assiniboine Middleman trade of used European goods to Alberta Plains Indians during the Protohistoric Period.

}, author = {Heinz W. Pyszczyk} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9229, title = {A Classification System for Glass Beads for the use of Field Archaeologists}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {169}, editor = {George L. Quimby} } @article {12570, title = {Unsettling the Archaeology Field School: Development of a Community Engaged Model at the University of Northern British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {105{\textendash}132}, abstract = {

In this paper, Unsettling Archaeology refers to improving how we as archaeologists work with Indigenous communities on their heritage. A fundamental part of this process involves how we train students, and the archaeology field school provides a perfect vehicle in which to explore new avenues. Since 2000, the University of Northern British Columbia has partnered with a number of Indigenous communities on the coast and in the interior of British Columbia, to deliver 13 field schools in various locations. A key pillar of the field school model is the integration and weaving of traditional knowledge taught by community members, and a science-based approach to field methods, taught by university staff. This paper describes the initial field school model and highlights problems and successes with implementation.

}, author = {Farid Rahemtulla} } @inbook {11009, title = {Geomorphology as an Aid to Mapping Archaeological Resources in NOGAP Areas}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {55-63}, abstract = {By incorporating air photo and surficial geology map interpretations, terrain units are defined. Landscape units combine terrain units and other physical parameters, such as drainage, presence of permafrost, etc., which are thought to affect archaeological potential. Finally, landscape categories based on geomorphology in conjunction with position or geographic location allow for an effective means of classifying the archaeological potential of large areas of landscape.}, author = {Vern N. Rampton}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9048, title = {Prophecy of the Swan: The Upper Peace River Fur Trade of 1794{\textendash}1823}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {093-094}, editor = {C.L. Ramsay} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9365, title = {The Wiacek Site: A Late Middleport Component in Simcoe County, Ontario}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {249-250}, editor = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @article {9805, title = {Palisade Extension, Village Expansion and Immigration in Trent Valley Huron Prehistory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {177-183}, author = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @article {9804, title = {An Hypothesis Concerning the Effects of Early European Trade Among Some Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {101-106}, abstract = {

This paper presents evidence in support of the hypothesis that Iroquoian people in south-central Ontario were participating in a trade in furs which found their way to European buyers in exchange for metal goods, among other things, by A.D.1500; and, further, that involvement in this trade had profoundly affected many aspects of Iroquoian settlement, social structure and political behaviour by that date.

}, author = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9367, title = {The Bruner-Colasanti Site: An Early Late Woodland Component, Essex County, Ontario}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @article {11110, title = {The Use of Style in Resistance, Politics and the Negotiation of Identity: St. Lawrence Iroquoians in a Huron-Wendat Community}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {001-022}, abstract = {

The late sixteenth century Huron-Wendat Benson site in the Balsam Lake area of south-central Ontario has produced substantial quantities of a characteristic \‘barred\’ ceramic motif found virtually nowhere else. In addition, it has produced ceramics that are \“hybrids\” of Huron-Wendat and St. Lawrence Iroquoian styles. An analysis of these ceramics leads to the interpretation that they are part of a complex process of power brokering by women in the community. In part this entails symbolic resistance on the part of adopted St. Lawrence Iroquoian women. At the same time, it reveals a strategy used by both St. Lawrence Iroquoian and Huron-Wendat women of sending signals of ambiguous political allegiance, either to achieve a degree of political flexibility, or to attempt to mediate between the community\’s two competing political factions.

}, author = {Peter Ramsden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9366, title = {The Roebuck prehistoric village site rim sherds {\textendash} an attribute analysis}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {233-234}, editor = {Peter G. Ramsden} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9001, title = {Ecology and Ceramic Production in an Andean Community}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {179-181}, editor = {J. Scott Raymond} } @article {9806, title = {Interior Occupation: A Maritime Archaic Site at South Brook Park, Western Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {123-128}, author = {David Reader} } @article {9807, title = {The Contributions of the University of Calgary to the Field of Maya Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {

Founded by Richard \“Scotty\” MacNeish and Dick Forbis in the early 1960s, the Department of Archaeology at the University of Calgary has been at the forefront of archaeological research since its inception. Designed by its architects to be the first department of anthropological archaeology in the world, both MacNeish and Forbis recruited like-minded scholars to join the faculty. Over time, the prehistory of the Maya region has become one of the program\’s strengths due to the significant contributions of former faculty members, such as Scotty MacNeish, Dave Kelley, and Peter Mathews. In this paper, I examine the prodigious influence of these scholars on the field of Maya Studies. I also highlight the ongoing research programs of current faculty members Geoffrey McCafferty and Kathryn Reese-Taylor, and their graduate students, as well as research associates Sharisse McCafferty and Karen Bassie-Sweet. Finally, I appraise the legacy that the University of Calgary continues to build within Maya archaeology.

}, author = {Reese-Taylor, Kathryn} } @article {9486, title = {Prehistoric archaeological research on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains 1967{\textendash}1971}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {001-031}, author = {B.O.K.~Reeves} } @article {9808, title = {Laurel: a Re-evaluation of the Spatial, Social and Temporal Paradigms}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {193-234}, abstract = {

The study of the Laurel manifestation of Middle Woodland is now more than 40 years old. This paper presents a new overview of Laurel, concentrating on the temporal and spatial paradigms using ceramic seriation and radiocarbon dates. As well, preliminary data on a completely excavated Laurel village in Kenora, Ontario, supplemented by data from four other Laurel house structures in the area, reveal clues to Laurel community patterns and social structure. Laurel radiocarbon dates show an initial expansion of Laurel from a Boundary Waters heartland of Ontario and Minnesota and a later contraction. At least three Laurel Composites, are identified \– Manitoba Lakes, Boundary Waters and Superior \– through ceramic comparison. The Boundary Waters Composite integrates four Complexes, based on ceramic variances and time periods. A summary is presented of chronological ceramic sequences for the Boundary Waters Composite of Laurel as a possible model for future Laurel ceramic studies.

}, author = {C.S. \&$\#$8216;Paddy\&$\#$8217; Reid and Grace Rajnovich} } @article {11809, title = {Lithic Sourcing in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {137-143}, author = {Rudy Reimer} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9450, title = {Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {192-195}, editor = {Rudy Reimer} } @article {9809, title = {Nineteenth Century Clay Tobacco Pipes from the High Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {123-137}, abstract = {

Analysis of clay tobacco-pipe assemblages was undertaken for seven 19th-century sites in the High Arctic. The naval affiliation of two of the sites is suggested by the presence on them of pipes made by T. Pascall of Dartford, near the location of the Royal Navy victualling establishment. The distributional evidence of pipe-fragment frequency and bowl-stem ratio for one of these two sites suggests one area of intense pipe usage by a relatively immobile smoking population.

}, author = {C.F. Richie} } @article {9810, title = {Non-Cetacean Vertebrate Remains from Two Thule Winter Houses on Somerset Island, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {099-117}, abstract = {

A study was made of non-cetacean faunal remains from two Somerset Island Thule winter houses (circa A.D. 1000 \– 1200). About 4300 identifiable bones were recovered from House l at PeJr-1 on Creswell Bay and House 6 at PcJq-5 on Cape Garry. At these sites a variety of mammals and birds were present but only a single fish bone was found. Non-cetacean food procurement centred on the ringed seal; Arctic fox remains rank second in abundance at both houses. There are only minor differences between the archaeological faunas at the two sites. Although it is difficult to evaluate cetacean and non-cetacean food contribution at Thule settlements, dietary reliance on ringed seal, supplemented by other non-whale vertebrate species, may prove to be the basic pattern for Thule sites.

}, author = {Anne Meachem Rick} } @Symposium Papers {10960, title = {Bird medullary bone: A seasonal dating technique for faunal analysis}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {183-190}, author = {Anne~Meachem~Rick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9199, title = {A Theory of Athapaskan Prehistory}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {136-138}, editor = {R. Ridington} } @article {9811, title = {A Spatial Analysis of the Late Mousterian Levels of Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Italy)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {070-092}, abstract = {

We present a preliminary analysis of the spatial distribution of various artifact classes in the Late Mousterian levels of Riparo Bombrini (northwest Italy). This work shows the presence of a consistent gap in artifacts across all levels, which is interpreted as reflecting the position of the dripline prior to the shelter\’s collapse. Hearths are identified in levels M1\–3, M4 and M5, and their position at the back of the shelter is similar to that of \“sleeping hearths\” identified at other Mousterian sites. Lastly, the distribution of artifacts is shown to co-vary with the nature of the prevalent mobility strategies in use at different times over the site\’s occupational history. Notably, use of the site as a logistical base camp is correlated with the presence of hearths and the accumulation of noisome debris beyond the dripline and outside of the shelter. Other uses of the site seem to have favored the discard of some classes of artifacts within the shelter itself. This shows that Neanderthals were indeed able to organize their use of space in patterned and somewhat predictable manners, and that the length and nature of their occupation of the rockshelter need to be taken into account in such analyses.

}, author = {Julien Riel-Salvatore and Ingrid C. Ludeke and Fabio Negrino and Brigitte M. Holt} } @article {9812, title = {The Archaeology of the Dunsmore Site: 15th-Century Community Transformations in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {001-061}, abstract = {

Located in southern Simcoe County, Ontario, the Dunsmore site is a two-hectare, mid- to late 15th-century Iroquoian settlement that had a complex history-one that may have included both seasonal tenancies and year-round occupations. The settlement appears to have served as both a seasonal fishing camp and a semi-permanent agricultural village, perhaps involving members of several different communities. Through a review of the settlement pattern, artefacts, and subsistence data recovered from Dunsmore, an attempt is made to explore the role of such sites in the general trend towards community amalgamation, which is one of the hallmarks of 15th-century Iroquoian socio-political organization.

}, author = {David A. Robertson and Ronald F. Williamson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9400, title = {The Body as Material Culture: A Theoretical Osteoarchaeology}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {140-142}, editor = {Heather Robertson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9370, title = {Northern Ontario Fur Trade Archaeology; Recent Research}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {182-184}, editor = {E.S. Rogers} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9054, title = {Marine Fish Osteology. A Manual for Archaeologists}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {242-244}, editor = {Alfonso Rojo} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9428, title = {Les Chasseurs-cueilleurs ou l{\textquoteright}Origine des In{\'e}galit{\'e}s}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {076-079}, editor = {Nicolas Rolland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9373, title = {Men Among The Mammoths. Victorian Science and the Discovery of Human Antiquity}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {181-185}, editor = {Nicolas Rolland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11543, title = {Alberta{\textquoteright}s Lower Athabasca Basin: Archaeology and Palaeoenvironments}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {347-352}, editor = {Martin P. R. Magne} } @article {9815, title = {The James Pass Project: Early Holocene Occupation in the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {085-091}, author = {Brian Ronaghan} } @article {9816, title = {A Geospatial Analysis of Toolstone Acquisition and Use: A Preliminary Investigation of Material Quality and Access Over 4,000 Years in the Salish Sea}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {371-393}, abstract = {

The importance of resource acquisition on the Northwest Coast has received increasing attention in the development of models of social inequality. Moving the discussion beyond faunal and plant resources, we propose that toolstone may also be viewed as a critical resource tied to daily practices impacted by resource territoriality. The limited distribution of high quality lithic materials, in addition to heavy retouch and reuse in formed tools, may reflect an increasingly territorialized or restricted resource use through time. A material quality index (MQI) is used to assess toolstone from 16 sites in the Salish Sea over the past 4,000 years. Material quality data are then compared to measures of tool curation, the degree of artifact retouch and reuse. The data suggest that control over resources plays an indirect role in the patterning of utilized toolstone and the degree of retouch of formed chipped and ground stone tools in the region.

}, author = {Adam N. Rorabaugh and Caitlyn Y. McNabb} } @article {9818, title = {Ethics in Canadian Archaeology: An International, Comparative Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {099-114}, abstract = {

Ethical questions have assumed a central role in archaeological discourse during the past few years. In May of 1996 the Canadian Archaeological Association ratified its first code of ethics called: Statement of Principles for Ethical Conduct Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples. This paper compares the CAA statement with those of the national archaeological associations from New Zealand, Australia and the United States as well as the World Archaeological Congress and the Society of Professional Archaeologists. A content analysis provides a quantitative assessment of major themes addressed by each of the six documents. Significant differences are documented between the Canadian, Australian and New Zealand associations on one hand and the Society for American Archaeology on the other. The former ethical documents provide a privileged position for Native involvement in archaeological endeavours, the latter does not.

}, author = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9377, title = {Myth of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {342-345}, editor = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9380, title = {Archaeologies of Complexity}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {397-399}, editor = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9379, title = {Evolutionary Archaeology: Theory and Application (O{\textquoteright}Brien, editor) and Darwinian Archaeologies}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {168-172}, editor = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9378, title = {Pottery Economics in Mesoamerica}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {320-321}, editor = {Robert M. Rosenswig} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9146, title = {"An Appearance of Strength" The Fortifications of Louisbourg}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {250-253}, editor = {George A. Rothrock} } @article {9820, title = {Old Cuts and Scrapes: Composite Chipped Stone Knives on the Canadian Plateau}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {001-031}, abstract = {

Existence of highly curated, hafted, composite chipped stone knives involving both bifacial blades and unifacial scrapers is postulated for the Canadian Plateau, and behavioral implications related to these tools are explored and addressed. Many researchers assume ad hoc that chipped stone, convex-edged, unifacial endscrapers\&$\#$39; are clear indices of hide working. Here, such formed unifaces are argued to have also functioned frequently and effectively for an important step in fish cleaning and processing. Composite knives made during the Nesikep Tradition (ca. 7,000 to 4,500 BP) may have been an important inclusion in most personal tool kits, and would have been designed to deal with a broad range of tasks, making them invaluable for groups practicing unanticipated opportunistic and immediate food consumption, and fairly high group mobility. Use during the much later Kamloops horizon (ca. 1,200 to 200 BP) likely reflects processing large numbers of salmon in preparation for both immediate and delayed (stored) consumption. The functional efficiency of a replicated Lehman Phase composite knife was subjectively assessed by experimentally cleaning/dressing several sockeye salmon. Recommendations for future research directions relating to composite knives are offered, as is a provisional general outline of appropriate methodological strategies to investigate these tools in greater depth.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {Mike K. Rousseau} } @article {9819, title = {The Oregon Jack Creek Site (EdRi{\textendash}6): a Lehman Phase Site in the Thompson River Valley, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {039-063}, abstract = {

Archaeological excavations in Area 1 of the Oregon Jack Creek site (EdRi-6) in the Thompson River Valley of British Columbia have revealed a single prehistoric occupation associated with a radiocarbon age determination on elk bone collagen of 4850 \± 100 B.P. (Beta 11453). The occupation is a component of the recently defined Lehman phase, a middle prehistoric cultural manifestation that is presently estimated to date between ca. 6000 and 4500/4000 B.P. Artifacts, features and faunal remains from Area 1 indicate that at least three elk (Cervus elaphus) were butchered and processed. Other inferred activities include: multidirectional and bipolar core reduction and flake blank preparation; manufacture of bifacial projectile points and knives; production and use of unformed unifaces; freshwater mussel consumption; and construction and use of a small pit feature which may have been used for boiling food.

}, author = {Mike K. Rousseau and Thomas Richards} } @article {9821, title = {Settlement Patterns of the Beothuk Indians: a View from Away}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {013-032}, abstract = {

Zooarchaeological and ethnohistorical evidence for Beothuk settlement patterns is discussed under three periods. For the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the evidence supports the current model of occupation of the coast in summer and in the interior in winter. In the terminal period this pattern appears to continue, contrary to earlier suggestions. In the early historic and late prehistoric period the pattern may have been substantially different, and it is suggested that European settlement may have caused the change.

}, author = {Peter Rowley-Conwy} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9145, title = {"An Appearance of Strength": The Fortifications of Louisbourg}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {192-194}, editor = {Reg Roy} } @article {9640, title = {Geoarchaeological Contributions to SCAPE Research in the Glacial Lake Hind Basin, Southwestern Manitoba}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {222-250}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to present a chronology of geoarchaeological contributions to SCAPE investigations conducted within the glacial Lake Hind Basin located in southwestern Manitoba. Initial investigations focused on determining the age of parabolic dunes that dominate the modern Makotchi-Ded-Dontipi dune field landscape. Results of this phase of the investigation demonstrated that these dunes are late-Holocene and that the spatial pattern of archaeological sites within this dune field is indicative of a purposeful settlement pattern. Results of subsequent research produced a basin-wide model for local water table fluctuation-eolian landscape response linked to regional-scale paleoenvironmental change; determined that all dune fields within the basin are late-Holocene; and demonstrated that these ecologically complex dune field landscapes dependably provided water and a variety resources that made them attractive to past human groups. Future research will focus on identifying the degree to which these landscapes are the result of human activity.

}, author = {Garry Running IV and Karen Havholm and Matthew Boyd and Dion Wiseman} } @article {9639, title = {A Practical Guide to Planning and Conducting an Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research Project: Lessons Learned from SCAPE}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {48-64}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to share some practical tips and lessons learned during the course of SCAPE (Study of Cultural Adaptations within the Prairies Ecozone) with researchers interested in organizing or participating in a large-scale interdisciplinary archaeological project. Archaeologists, Earth scientists, and paleoecologists were involved in SCAPE from its inception. Interdisciplinary communication proved a key element to success of the project. Even when participating researchers come from home disciplines considered to be \"inherently interdisciplinary\" developing such communication was not a simple matter. Many beneficial mechanisms were developed for fostering such communication. Meeting together frequently, attending conferences as a group, and living and working together in the field proved particularly helpful. Unifying systems were developed for: collecting spatial data, archiving and cataloguing disparate data-sets in a GIS, sharing these data amongst participating researchers during the project, and managing analyses of all data collected in the field.

}, author = {Garry L. Running IV and B.A. Nicholson and Matthew Boyd and Dion Wiseman and Sylvia Nicholson} } @article {9822, title = {Reconsidering the Middlesex Burial Phase in the Maine-Maritimes Region}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {169-181}, abstract = {

The Middlesex Phase is examined, considering the possible reasons for its appearance in the Maine-Maritimes region. The evidence for diffusion and migration are compared, suggesting the former as a more likely source. Comparison is drawn between Middlesex and the preceding burial tradition in the region. Lastly, the use of the term \&$\#$39;Middlesex\&$\#$39; is questioned.

}, author = {Douglas E. Rutherford} } @article {9823, title = {Neither Seen Nor Heard: Looking for Children in Northwest Coast Archaeology}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {64-88}, abstract = {

Children were a significant part of all past populations, yet they are often overlooked in archaeological inquiry. The reasons for this absence involve both conceptual and practical obstacles: the transposition of present-day, Euro-American understandings of the child as dependent and incapable, and the difficulty of identifying clear archaeological signatures associated with children\—particularly in prehistoric contexts. In this paper, I focus on the archaeology of the Northwest Coast region, finding only limited ethnographic accounts of children, and virtually no mention of them in the archaeological literature. After discussing the factors that contribute to the invisibility of children in archaeological interpretation in general, I argue that there is no justification for assuming children in the ancient Northwest Coast were non-productive. I present archaeological and ethnoarchaeological research\—from the Northwest Coast and other regions\—that may point the way for future analyses of child life in the ancient Northwest Coast. In particular, foraging models and faunal analysis can be used to reflect the distinctive subsistence strategies of children.

}, author = {April Ruttle} } @article {9824, title = {A Possible Thule Carving of aViking from Baffin Island, N.W.T.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {033-042}, abstract = {

A wooden figurine recovered during archaeological excavations on the south coast of Baffin Island in 1977, was probably made by a prehistoric Thule culture Eskimo in the 13th century A.D., and is thought to be a depiction of a Viking man from Greenland. The clothing style shown on the figurine compares well with front-slit or gored tunics and yoked hoods of the l1th through 13th centuries. The carving also wears a cross on the chest. Reference to the Norse Sagas supports the contention that Viking Greenlanders landed on Baffin Island, which is probably the land mass referred to by them as \&$\#$39;Helluland\&$\#$39;. Although this artifact suggests contact between Baffin Island Thule people and Vikings from Greenland, there is insufficient evidence to discuss the significance of such contact.

}, author = {Deborah Sabo and George Sabo III} } @article {9826, title = {Discerning Regional Variation: The Terminal Archaic Period in the Quoddy Region of the Maritime Peninsula}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {1-42}, abstract = {

While the recognition of cultural regionalism in the Maritime Provinces is not new, the over-extension of Northeast-wide macro traditions may have resulted in a lack of focus. The Terminal Archaic (ca.\ 3800\–3000\ BP) in the Quoddy Region of New Brunswick and Maine may be a case in point. A consideration of the Susquehanna tradition in Maine indicates that it is not a useful integrative device for the Terminal Archaic of the Quoddy Region. Rather than affiliating with the late Susquehanna tradition, sites in the Quoddy Region affiliate more with the Saint John River. Geographical circumscription, in the form of bold sea coasts that inhibited east-west coastal communication, may be involved. Canoe travel up the St. Croix River and into the Saint John and Penobscot Rivers linked the Quoddy Region with interior, riverine-oriented populations. The end result was the development of a regionally distinct littoral zone adaptation.

}, author = {David Sanger} } @article {9825, title = {Gilman Falls Site: Implications for the Early and Middle Archaic of the Maritime Peninsula}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {007-028}, abstract = {

Between 1985 and 1993 a great deal of new data on the Early and Middle Archaic of Maine has been published. The information has implications for the Maritime Peninsula region as a whole. One of the recently analyzed sites is the Gilman Falls site, located on the Stillwater River, Maine. Zone 3 at the site is a Middle Archaic quarry and workshop that features the extraction of local metamorphic bedrock and its manufacture into numerous rods and other artifacts. Unlike some other sites of comparable age, Gilman Falls Zone 3 has an artifact assemblage that permits better use of negative evidence and the recognition of artifact classes that might go unnoticed in smaller collections. The demise of the low population model for the Early and Middle Archaic, and the recognition of a distinctive lithic technology, requires a re-examination of existing Archaic culture types for the Maritime Peninsula region.

}, author = {David Sanger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9389, title = {Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1982}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {172-174}, editor = {David Sanger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9388, title = {Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {187-188}, editor = {David Sanger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12785, title = {People and Culture in Ice Age Americas: New Dimensions in Paleoamerican Archeology}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {268{\textendash}270}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.268}, editor = {Jolyane Saule} } @article {9832, title = {Christian Island: A comparative analysis of osteological and archaeological evidence}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {121-162}, author = {Shelley~R.~Saunders and Dean~Knight and Michael~Gates} } @article {9827, title = {Subadult Mortality and Skeletal Indicators of Health in Late Woodland Ontario Iroquois}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {061-074}, abstract = {

It has been demonstrated that there is an association between low cross-sectional cortical bone volumes, growth retardation and health stress in subadult skeletal samples of past populations. In addition, previous research has detected significantly low percent cortical areas in several subadult age categories, particularly two to four year olds. An examination of children\&$\#$39;s bones from two southern Ontario Late Woodland ossuaries identified a lack of infants under six months, which reflects interment bias, and high proportions of two to three year olds, an observation which is supported by ethnohistoric accounts of feeding practices. The two to three year old groups have significantly lower percent cortical areas compared to the rest of the children. It is still not clear whether this abundance of stressed weanlings reflects nutritionally compromised populations.

}, author = {Shelley R. Saunders and F. Jerome Melbye} } @article {9634, title = {Range extensions of vertebrate faunal species by archaeological site findings}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {039-047}, author = {Howard~Savage} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9019, title = {L{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologue et la conservation. Vade mecum qu{\'e}b{\'e}cois.}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {153-154}, editor = {Mario Savard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12543, title = {The Strong Case Approach in Behavioral Archaeology}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {242-244}, editor = {Rebecca L. Bourgeois} } @article {9828, title = {Prehistoric Demographic Trends in the Canadian High Arctic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {043-058}, abstract = {

Recent archaeological field studies in the Canadian Arctic Islands have resulted in the recording of a large number of previously unreported sites. Fifty-seven of these sites, from the McDougall Sound region, have been plotted in relation to their location above present sea level. The temporal and spatial distribution of these sites, as well as their material content, suggests a greater continuity and density of human occupation in the High Arctic than previous evidence has indicated.

}, author = {P. Schledermann} } @article {9789, title = {1971 site survey in Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island: Preliminary report}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {056-099}, author = {Peter~Schledermann} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9393, title = {The Goddess and the Bull; {\c C}atalh{\"o}y{\"u}k: An Archaeological Journey to the Dawn of Civilization}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {280-283}, editor = {Rick Schulting} } @article {9830, title = {The Hair of the Dog: The Identification of a Coast Salish Dog-Hair Blanket from Yale, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {057-076}, abstract = {

This paper deals with the identification of a textile recovered in an archaeological context from the vicinity of Yale, British Columbia (site DkRi-63). While ethnographic and ethnohistoric accounts of the Coast Salish frequently mention a special breed of domestic dog whose hair was extensively utilised in the manufacture of blankets, definite identification of an existing blanket in which dog hair is an important con- stituent has been elusive. Given the deterioration of the diagnostic cuticle pattern, a different approach is taken in the identification of the fibres in this study. Stable carbon isotope analysis of the blanket reveals that the hairs are those of an animal which gained a considerable amount of its protein from marine sources (X d13C=-15.1\%. Comparison of the d13C values from the blanket fibres to those of the bones of domestic dogs from archaeological sites and to control samples strongly suggests that the specimen is indeed a Salish dog-hair blanket. Some of the implications of this finding are briefly discussed.

}, author = {Rick Schulting} } @article {9829, title = {A Probable Case of Tuberculosis from a Burial Cave in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {149-153}, author = {Rick J. Schulting and Alan D. McMillan} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9195, title = {Soils in Archaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {129-130}, editor = {Charles Schweger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11937, title = {Archaeological Perspectives on the French in the New World}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {267-269}, editor = {Sara J. Beanlands} } @article {12541, title = {Variation in Soil pH at the Eighteenth-Century Rochefort Point Cemetery and Its Relationship to Mortuary Practices and Previous Site Use}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {201-216}, abstract = {

This study compares soil acidity and skeletal preservation at the eighteenthcentury Fortress of Louisbourg. Soil acidity was tested in 60 individual burials using a Lusterleaf 1612 Rapitest soil pH kit. These results were then compared to skeletal preservation, coffin use, and burial depth. pH levels ranged between 4.5 (acid) to 7.5 (alkaline). There was a clear correlation between increased skeletal preservation and more neutral pH, as expected. Additionally, mortuary treatment and burial depth were also correlated with soil pH, where individuals interred in a coffin or at deeper depths saw increased soil acidity. The location of these interments in relation to homestead features and defunct lime kilns also likely influenced this pH variability. This study highlights the need to consider previous site use and mortuary practices when assessing differential skeletal preservation in complex cemetery assemblages.

}, author = {Amy B. Scott and Mattia Fonzo} } @article {9831, title = {Prospection arch{\'e}ophysique sur des sites historiques {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\^\i}le d{\textquoteright}Orl{\'e}ans}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {147-160}, abstract = {

Confronted with the dangers of destruction of many important archaeological sites on Orleans Island by urban expansion, road construction, farming development and in view of the increasing costs of specialized manpower, a quick and ecomical way of detecting and locating archaeological remains is an imperative. Shallow depth geophysical prospecting using electrical resistivity and magnetic methods are eventual solutions to this problem and this is why these methods were used in parallel with standard archaeological techniques on Orleans Island. After two years of preliminary experience related to archaeogeophysical searches carried out on Orleans Island, it is now worthwhile to present some of the results obtained. These results turned out to be conclusive and are worth being giving particular attention to in the near future. The geophysical methods have the advantage of being non-destructive and allow the acquisition of pre-knowledge of the archaeological content in order to determine as precisely as possible the location of excavations which have been voluntarily restricted on Orleans Island.

}, author = {Maurice K. S{\'e}guin and Daniel Laroche} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9028, title = {The Ancient Maya of Mexico: Reinterpreting the Past of the Northern Maya Lowlands}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {368-370}, editor = {Jeffrey Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9152, title = {The Idea of Cultural Heritage (Revised edition)}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {206-209}, editor = {Jeffrey Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9398, title = {The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {400-403}, editor = {Jeffrey Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9125, title = {Archaeological Perspectives on Political Economies}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {326-329}, editor = {Jeffrey Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13193, title = {From Colonization to Domestication: Population, Environment and the Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {141-142}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.1.141}, editor = {Jeff Seibert~} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12865, title = {Multispecies Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {101-103}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.101}, editor = {Samuel Seuru} } @article {9784, title = {Archaeological investigations at Blue Jackets Creek, FlUa{\textendash}4, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 1973}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {163-205}, author = {Patricia~D.~S.~Severs} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11117, title = {Hunting Caribou: Subsistence Hunting along the Northern Edge of the Boreal Forest}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {205-208}, editor = {Thomas D. Andrews} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9175, title = {Current Palaeoethnobotany}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {227-231}, editor = {C. Thomas Shay} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11048, title = {Works in Stone: Contemporary Perspectives in Lithic Analysis}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {367-370}, editor = {Alexandra Sumner} } @Symposium Papers {10962, title = {Introduction to papers on archaeologieal resource management and conservation archaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1976}, pages = {107-108}, author = {Bjorn~O.~Simonsen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9194, title = {Papers on Central Coast Archaeology}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {252}, editor = {Bjorn O. Simonsen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9288, title = {Patterns of Activity-induced Pathology in a Canadian Inuit Population}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {116-118}, editor = {Mark Skinner} } @article {9833, title = {Dental Evidence for Delayed Burial}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {184-189}, author = {Mark Skinner} } @article {9834, title = {Evidence of California-Area Abalone Shell in Haida Trade and Culture}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {273-286}, abstract = {

Abalone (Haliotis spp.) shell was a trade commodity in northwestern North American and part of a marine shell trade that also included tusk shell (Dentalium spp.) and olive snail (Olivella spp.). The occurrence of abalone trade shell in Haida art, language, and family crest usage demonstrates, at a minimum, an appreciable influence of the abalone shell trade in the post-contact era. However, despite archaeological evidence that trade in other shells regionally extends back at least 7,000 years, radiocarbon dating of California-area abalone trade shells excavated from the Haida village of Kiusta in northern Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) reveals them to be post-contact only. Compared to California-area abalone, the poor quality of local northern abalone (H. kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) shell may have accounted for their infrequent use. This paper reviews the post-contact abalone shell trade in southern British Columbia and Washington, and offers speculation on its pre-contact manifestation.

}, author = {N.A. Sloan} } @article {9835, title = {Recent Developments in the Archaeology of the Princess Point Complex in Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {009-032}, abstract = {

The transition from the Middle to Late Woodland in Ontario and the origins of horticulture in the Northeast Woodlands are the subject of a multidisciplinary research program begun in 1993. To date, the primary focus of this research is the Princess Point Complex (A.D. 500-1000) of south- central Ontario. Excavations have been conducted at three sites (Grand Banks, Lone Pine and Young 1) in the Cayuga area of the Lower Grand River Valley and at two sites, Bull\&$\#$39;s Point (AhGx-9) and Bull\&$\#$39;s Cove(AhGx-365), in Cootes Paradise at the west end of Lake Ontario. The work firmly establishes the presence of maize (Zea mays) on Princess Point sites and counters the argument that Princess Point people were displaced by southern migrants at ca. A.D. 900. We have clarified the chronology of Princess Point and the introduction of maize to the Northeast by generating the earliest AMS radiocarbon dates (early sixth century A.D.) on maize from the Northeast. Site formation processes on the floodplain of the Grand River have been examined in detail at the Grand Banks site, and indicate that year-round occupation of this type of locale is not out of the question. This paper summarizes past research on Princess Point, details the work that we have conducted over the past three years, and presents a revised overview of Princess Point and its implications for our understanding of the origins and development of food production in the Northeast Woodlands.

}, author = {David G. Smith and Gary Crawford} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9460, title = {Tram and Cameron: Two Early Contact Era Seneca Site. Vol.II.}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {185-187}, editor = {Sheryl Smith} } @article {9836, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {117-118}, author = {Elizabeth Snow} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9323, title = {The Evolution of Maritime Cultures on the Northeast and the Northwest Coasts of America}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {187-188}, editor = {Dean R. Snow} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9438, title = {Maritime Provinces Prehistory}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {229}, editor = {Dean Snow} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9122, title = {Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {125-127}, editor = {Stanley South} } @article {9837, title = {A Post-Glacial Record of 14C Reservoir Ages for the British Columbia Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {095-111}, abstract = {

Radiocarbon is significantly depleted in the surface waters of the subpolar North Pacific, including those of the Northwest Coast, due to strong upwelling of old\&$\#$39; subsurface water. As a result, North Pacific shell, fishbone, and other marine materials have radiocarbon ages 600-1,000 years older than those of coeval terrestrial material. It is usually assumed that this reservoir age has remained constant over time, except inasmuch as it is affected by known variations in atmospheric 14C levels. This assumption is critical, but few opportunities have arisen to test it. In this study, we have measured the differences between radiocarbon ages of wood and shell pairs collected from natural beach deposits and archaeological midden sites in British Columbia to develop a record of reservoir ages extending back 10,700 radiocarbon years (ca. 12,900 calendar years). The results show that reservoir ages have been relatively constant over this period.\&$\#$39;

}, author = {John Southon and Daryl Fedje} } @article {11806, title = {Ancient DNA Analysis in Canada: Current Applications and Future Potential}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {101-114}, author = {Camilla F. Speller} } @article {9839, title = {The Lafarge Burial: An Early Expression of Intercommunity Conflict in Southwestern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {123-137}, abstract = {

The Lafarge site consists solely of the burial of a young adult man. Four projectile points found with the skeleton can each be associated with traumatic lesions in the bones, showing that he had been struck by four projectiles coming from behind him. Two ribs were also badly fractured and there are scalping cuts on the frontal and left temporal bones. The forms and materials of the points suggest that the assailants were Princess Point people or people from the early Glen Meyer period, but the identity of the victim is unknown. The scalping indicates that he must have been from a different community, but there is no reason to assume that community was distant or culturally distinct from that of his assailants. The isolated location of the burial is early evidence of the fear of the spirits of those killed in combat.

}, author = {Michael W. Spence and Jim Wilson} } @article {9838, title = {Fluorine Dating in an Ontario Burial Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {061-077}, abstract = {

The Bruce Boyd site of Ontario produced both Early Woodland (500 B.C.) and Late Woodland (A.D. 1000) burials. Still others, however, cannot be assigned to either period. To date these, the fluorine contents of 36 samples of bone were analyzed using a recently developed microchemical technique. Samples of cranial bone showed a strong correlation with age, allowing several samples of unknown date to be assigned to one or the other component. In order for the technique to be effective, though, a number of variables must be controlled, in particular the type and condition of the bone and the nature and fluorine content of the soil environment.

}, author = {Michael W. Spence and Siegfried G. Wall and Roger H. King} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9401, title = {From the Arctic to Avalon: Papers in Honour of Jim Tuck}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {284-286}, editor = {Arthur E. Spiess} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13487, title = {The Archaeology of the Atlantic Northeast~}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {213-214}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.213}, editor = {Arthur Spiess} } @article {9840, title = {Pithouses and People: Social Identity and Pithouses in the Harrison River Valley of Southwestern British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {018-054}, abstract = {

Among the Coast Salish of the Lower Fraser River Watershed and its tributaries, as elsewhere on the Northwest Coast, the built environment was fundamental to cultural expression. The construction and continued maintenance of houses in particular, both informed and reflected the social identity of households. For this study, we excavated the remains of a small, isolated pithouse in the Harrison River Valley, the traditional territory of the Chehalis (Sts\’ailes) Coast Salish where evidence of two occupations, spanning almost 300 years, reflected a long-term connection to place. For the purpose of this paper, we link the spatial and temporal data of our archaeological investigation to insights gained from regional ethnographic sources and local indigenous knowledge. Taken together, these lines of evidence allowed us to make inferences about the identities of the pithouse occupants and to recognize the importance of the built environment as a vehicle for communicating social relations.

}, author = {Chris Springer and Dana Lepofsky} } @Symposium Papers {10997, title = {On Some Distributions of the Oxbow {\textquoteright}Complex{\textquoteright}}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {089-102}, abstract = {Using Principal Component and Trend Surface analyses, the authors attempt to determine the underlying structure of Oxbow sites, and to analyse the distribution of those sites in time and space. Their results suggest that Oxbow technology originally entered the Canadian grasslands 5000 years ago from both the southwestern foothills and the southeastern prairies. The development of adaptive strategies involving seasonal use of the boreal forest and parkland zones allowed the eventual full-time colonization of these zones by Oxbow groups.}, author = {Brian E. Spurling and Bruce F. Ball} } @article {9841, title = {Archaeology and the Policy Sciences}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {065-085}, abstract = {

In this moment of its evolution, Canadian archaeology\&$\#$39;s furtherance is not so much determined by substantive advances to knowledge but by effective participation in the formation of public policy. This recognition is crucial as archaeologists work to establish national heritage legislation in a conservative political environment and an austere economic one. The importance of public policy-making processes has been reinforced by recent reflexive studies which have exposed archaeology\&$\#$39;s myth-making and ideological roles. Deconstructing ethnic stereotypes of Canada\&$\#$39;s first peoples and the historical certitudes implicitly justifying social and economic inequalities requires the discipline\&$\#$39;s active intervention in contemporary society. An understanding of policy sciences, an applied and theoretical field concerned with how social choices are made, can assist archaeology as it leaves the cross-roads to become a mature, reflexive and more socially relevant profession.

}, author = {Brian Spurling} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9402, title = {Upon a Point: a Preliminary Investigation of Ethnicity as a Source of Metric Variation in Lithic Projectile Points}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {193-195}, editor = {Brian E. Spurling} } @article {12923, title = {Indicators for Interactions from Legacy Worked and Unworked Faunal Assemblages from the Quackenbush Site, a Late Woodland Site in the Kawartha Lakes Region, Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {230-258}, abstract = {

The Quackenbush site (BdGm-l) is located in what is now Ontario, at the northeastern limit of the area known to have been occupied by the Huron-Wendat pre-dispersal and visited by the Anishinaabeg of the Canadian Shield. Excavations of portions of the site half a century ago uncovered parts of three longhouses and midden deposits. We generated the data presented here as part of a larger scholarly effort aimed at analyzing and writing up all of the material culture from the site. We investigate ways in which faunal remains can be used to inform on the nature of the activities conducted at the site and to trace past interactions between the site{\textquoteright}s occupants and people living on the Canadian Shield and in the St. Lawrence Valley at that time, finding tentative evidence for the former and more conclusive evidence for the latter. We hypothesize that people originating from the St. Lawrence Valley were present at the Quackenbush site and making bone artifacts as a way of maintaining or negotiating identity.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.230}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Suzanne Needs-Howarth and Marie-{\`E}ve Boisvert} } @article {12918, title = {Travaux arch{\'e}ologiques r{\'e}cents sur les Hurons-Wendat et les Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent : Introduction}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {121-133}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.121}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Alicia L. Hawkins and Louis Lesage} } @article {12917, title = {Current Archaeology of the Huron-Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians: Introduction}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {109-120}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.109}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Alicia L. Hawkins and Louis Lesage} } @article {9842, title = {Nouvelles donn{\'e}es sur l{\textquoteright}utilisation pr{\'e}historique de la corn{\'e}enne par les Am{\'e}rindiens du Qu{\'e}bec m{\'e}ridional}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {289-310}, abstract = {

Hornfels is a lithic material frequently discovered on prehistoric sites in southern Quebec. It is commonly associated with Terminal Archaic (or \“post-laurentian\” Archaic [4500\–3000 B.P.]) occupations, but this study demonstrates that such an association can be misleading. The results of the physical and chemical analyses presented here also indicate that Mont Royal, a small hill located in the city of Montreal, is the most probable source of hornfels used in prehistoric times. Outcrops of hornfels exist on some other Monteregian Hills, but to this day there are no archaeological indications that they were exploited by aboriginal groups.

}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre and Adrian L. Burke and Gilles Gauthier and Greg Kennedy} } @article {9843, title = {Les pointes en os biseaut{\'e}es des Iroquoiens}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {31-46}, abstract = {

The McDonald and Droulers sites, located in Southwestern Quebec, are village settlements of the St.\ Lawrence Iroquoians dating from the fifteenth century A.D. The collections from these sites contain a group of 11 bone projectile points cynlindrical in shape, hollowed, with a concave base and a beveled distal end. An interregional comparison of Iroquoian assemblages of bone artifacts allows the recognition of a type of point that appears to be characteristic of, but not necessarily exclusive to, the St.\ Lawrence Iroquoians, while the variant showing a straight base is more common on sites occupied by the Hurons or ancestral Hurons

}, author = {Christian Gates St-Pierre} } @article {9844, title = {A Detailed Stratigraphy of the Woodpecker Island Section and Commentary on the Taber Child Bones}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {209-222}, abstract = {

Excavations at the Woodpecker Island Site during the summer of 1979 have permitted a much more detailed description of the site\&$\#$39;s geology than was previously possible. The Taber Child bones came from alluvium in the lower part of a unit that records a transition from non-glacial sediments at the bottom to glacial outwash, combined with alluvium, at the top. These latter deposits were laid down close to an advancing glacier and are directly overlain by glacial deposits, including four till sheets of classical Wisconsin Age. Stratigraphy and the condition and preservation of the bones, along with type and cementation of the sand matrix that surrounded them, all indicate that the bones are old and were laid down before advance of the last glacier. Indeed, a source for the bones higher in the section seems precluded. The small amount of bone present, its porosity and the preservatives applied to it, debar its dating by normal radiocarbon or amino acid methods.

}, author = {A. MacS. Stalker} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9447, title = {The Swift Creek Gift: Vessel Exchange on the Atlantic Coast}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {343-346}, editor = {Kora Stapelfeldt} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9291, title = {Cosmopolitan Archaeologies}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {347-350}, editor = {Robert Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9007, title = {Human Variation in the Americas: The Integration of Archaeology and Biological Anthropology}, volume = {36}, year = {2012}, pages = {210-212}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9405, title = {Controversies in Archaeology}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {122-124}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9395, title = {Birds}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {286-288}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9404, title = {Antiquities Under Siege: Cultural Heritage Protection After the Iraq War}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {322-324}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9158, title = {The Return of Cultural Treasures (3rd Edition)}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {278-280}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12786, title = {The Quality of the Archaeological Record}, volume = {44}, year = {2020}, pages = {271{\textendash}273}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/44.2.271}, editor = {Stark, Robert James} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {12867, title = {Spectacular Flops: Game-Changing Technologies that Failed}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {106-108}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.1.106}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9406, title = {Burial Terminology: A Guide for Researchers}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {174-176}, editor = {Robert J. Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {13488, title = {The Compensations of Plunder: How China Lost Its Treasures}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, pages = {215-217}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/46.2.215}, editor = {Robert James Stark} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11946, title = {Archaeology of Domestic Architecture and the Human Use of Space}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {298-300}, editor = {Jeff Seibert} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9383, title = {Studies in West Patricia Archaeology, Number Three 1980{\textendash}81}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {169-172}, editor = {Jack Steinbring} } @article {12171, title = {The Wakimika Lake Petroglyph Site in Northeastern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, pages = {74-93}, abstract = {

The Wakimika Petroglyph site located in northeastern Ontario is a rare rock art site within the Canadian Shield that exhibits stylistic similarities with petroglyph sites of the Lake-of-the-Woods style. This style, identified at the Mud Portage site in northwestern Ontario, has been linked with rock art that could date to between 3000{\textendash}5000\ BCE. The Wakimika petroglyphs are located in the Temagami area that is rich in pictograph sites. On the basis of pictorial content and execution, it is argued that these two types of rock art (petroglyphs and pictographs) did not fulfill the same functions and that the difference between them might stem from the different type of knowledge that these places conveyed.

}, author = {Jack Steinbring and Dagmara Zawadzka} } @article {9845, title = {Stir It Up, Little Darlin{\textquoteright}: The Chipped Stone from Mixed Deposits from Caves Branch Rockshelter, Belize}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {123-167}, abstract = {

This paper discusses the analysis of the chipped chert and obsidian assemblage excavated from Caves Branch Rockshelter (CBR) and provides a reconstruction of the patterns of lithic reduction and tool use. This small rockshelter, located in the Caves Branch River Valley of central Belize, was primarily used as a burial location by local Maya communities from the Protoclassic to Terminal Classic periods (A.D. 80\–950). However, both natural and cultural forces have badly disturbed and mixed deposits from different contexts within the site, thus severely hampering our ability to document the original deposition locations of lithic artifacts. The results of our analyses, which focused on the entire assemblage, demonstrated that reduction strategies varied by raw material type and provided evidence for some formal tool repair and expedient tool production. Based on use-wear analysis results, tools appear to have been mostly used for a variety of primarily daily domestic functions. We suspect the ancient Maya also used chert and obsidian artifacts as ritual objects, such as grave goods, offerings, and for sacrificial blood-letting, in CBR.

}, author = {W. James Stemp and Gabriel D. Wrobel and Jaime J. Awe and Kelly Payeur} } @article {9846, title = {Recent Archaeological Investigations in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, N.W.T}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {013-048}, abstract = {

Archaeological research in the upper part of Frobisher Bay has revealed 16 new sites and nearly 4,000 years of culture history. This paper summarizes the excavations conducted between 1979 and 1984 at a large Thule winter village site at Peale Point (KkDo-1). Artifact analysis indicates that the site was occupied between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries A.D. despite projected resource fluctuations. Reconstructed subsistence practices demonstrate a reliance on localized resources, with little or no dependence on breathing hole sealing during the winter.

}, author = {Douglas R. Stenton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9270, title = {The Ruin Islanders: Early Thule Culture Pioneers in the Eastern High Arctic}, volume = {14}, year = {1990}, pages = {239-242}, editor = {Douglas R. Stenton} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9329, title = {An Introduction to Canadian Archaeology}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {186-187}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9850, title = {Floating for Fauna: Some Methodological Considerations Using the Keffer Site (AkGv{\textendash}14) Midden 57 Faunal Sample}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {097-115}, abstract = {

The faunal remains from the largest midden on the Keffer site (AkGv-14), a Southern Division Huron village located just north of Toronto, are described. This site was occupied during the early sixteenth century and possibly the very late fifteenth century. All five vertebrate classes were represented in the 9,243 faunal remains excavated from Midden 57 with fish being by far the most frequent. This material is significant for methodological reasons. A comparison of the flotation sample remains with those from the screened only samples showed great differences. This has important implications for future excavations and for comparisons using existing faunal reports.

}, author = {Frances L. Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9409, title = {Sex and Gender in Paleopathological Perspective}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {206-211}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9598, title = {Faunal remains from the Wigwam Brook site (DfAf{\textendash}1) of Newfoundland}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {091-112}, author = {Frances~L.~Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9448, title = {Caribou Inuit Traders of the Kivalliq Nunavut, Canada}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {180-183}, editor = {Andrew M. Stewart} } @article {9849, title = {The Boardwalk and Grassy Bay Sites: Patterns of Seasonality and Subsistence on the Northern Northwest Coast, B.C.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {039-060}, abstract = {

The northern Northwest coast has long been the focus of archaeological investigation, but while the material culture has been well documented, only recently has the time depth of exploitation and seasonality of coastal subsistence resources been investigated. Analysis was conducted of over 20,000 faunal specimens from the Boardwalk site, and over 2,000 specimens from the Grassy Bay site, both located on or near Prince Rupert Harbour, B.C. Analysis indicated that prehistoric subsistence patterns differ from those recorded for the Coast Tsimshian in historic times. Boardwalk was occupied back at least to 4200 BP, and was a large village with year-round occupation. Its inhabitants hunted a large variety of birds, and land and sea mammals. Grassy Bay was occupied from about 1615 to 620 BP, and was a predominantly seasonal summer camp, with inhabitants taking mainly the rhinoceros auklet, and in later levels, sea mammals. At about 1900 to 1600 BP, the appearance of the Grassy Bay site and at least two other Prince Rupert Harbour sites indicate an apparent population increase. These sites had a more seasonal subsistence focus than seen at Boardwalk. This trend towards more seasonal settlements apparently intensified, resulting in the large seasonal population movements recorded in historic times.

}, author = {Frances Stewart and Kathlyn Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9408, title = {The Turner Farm Fauna: 5000 Years of Hunting and Fishing in Penobscot Bay, Maine}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {196-200}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9853, title = {Recognition of Northern Plano in the Context of Settlement in the Central Northwest Territories: Developing a Technological Approach}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {179-191}, abstract = {

Most Northern Plano occupations in north-central Canada have been found in multi-component sites representing several cultural periods. The Northern Plano period is usually distinguished by lanceolate projectile points. These artifacts may not suffice, however, to identify sites used exclusively by Northern Plano people because the points are finished or reworked, and thus represent only the end part of a bifacial reduction sequence, and because they may be confused with Middle Taltheilei points. A preliminary comparison between the Northern Plano Grant Lake site in the N.W.T. and the Middle Taltheilei component of the nearby Migod site suggests that production variables of large flakes struck from bifaces may help to distinguish the two periods.

}, author = {Andrew Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9412, title = {Birds from the Ground: The Record of Archaeology in Ontario}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {145-147}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9848, title = {Subsistence at the Irving-Johnson Village and the Question of Deer Tending by the Neutrals}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {017-040}, abstract = {

The Irving-Johnston site (AjGx-27), located in the Crawford Lake region of southern Ontario, yielded over 8,500 zooarchaeological specimens, a large sample considering the diet and some of the seasonal rounds related to the subsistence of its Neutral inhabitants. Most of the remains were mammalian and of this class, the majority were identified as deer. This led to a consideration of the claim that the Neutral Indians \&$\#$39;tended\&$\#$39; deer. In this paper we present a summary of the faunal material from the Irving-Johnston site and discuss both some of the ethnohistoric evidence and the age at death evidence concerning Neutral deer remains before reaching the conclusion that we cannot agree, at this time, that the Neutrals were managing deer herds.

}, author = {Frances L. Stewart and William D. Finlayson} } @article {9852, title = {Hell Gap: A Possible Occurrence in South Central Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {087-092}, author = {Andrew Stewart} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9411, title = {Sociobiology. The new synthesis}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {234-237}, editor = {Frances L. Stewart} } @article {9847, title = {Smith-Wintemberg Award Winner {\textendash} Jim Pendergast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {005-006}, author = {Frances Stewart} } @article {9851, title = {Boardwalk, Northern Northwest Coast, Canada{\textemdash}A New Face to an Old Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {205-233}, abstract = {

Recent excavations at the Boardwalk site in Prince Rupert Harbour provide new insights into subsistence, and into events in the Harbour, between 2200 and 950 B.P. Fish, especially salmon, were far more important than previously thought, while mammals and birds comprise less than 10 percent of the fauna. At 2200 B.P. Boardwalk was occupied primarily during fall and winter, with a subsistence based mainly on salmon, supplemented by land mammals and birds, but few sea mammals. About 2000 B.P., deposition ceased in parts of Boardwalk, followed by abandonment at other Harbour villages. These events coincided with evidence of climatic instability, increased human conflict, and growing status differentiation. By 1200 B.P., fauna increased sixfold at Boardwalk, and seasonal indicators provide a strong case for year-round occupation. Inhabitants took much greater advantage of marine resources, particularly sea mammals, and salmon was still a staple. Over time, despite instability and change in the Harbour, Boardwalk clearly held a unique position vis-{\`a}-vis other sites.

}, author = {STEWART, Kathlyn M. and Frances L. Stewart and Gary Coupland} } @inbook {11011, title = {The Basket Case: Deciphering Subsistence Patterns in the Southwest Anderson Plain Region, N.W.T., in the Late Prehistoric Period}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {113-129}, abstract = {The analysis of 12 faunal samples collected in the southwest Anderson Plain demonstrates a clear dependence on caribou as a primary dietary mainstay in late prehistoric times. The secondary focus shifted seasonally between snowshoe hare, fish and waterfowl. This analysis has also identified a number of bone disposal techniques which included burning in the domestic fire, gathering and burial, and possibly disposing of the bones of certain species in a nearby lake or stream.}, author = {Leslie Still}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9932, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {002}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9931, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {003}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @Editors Notes/Notes du r{\'e}dacteur {9930, title = {Editor{\textquoteright}s Note}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {003-004}, author = {Carole Stimmell} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9414, title = {The Cow Head Complex and the Recent Indian Period in Newfoundland, Labrador and the Quebec Lower North Shore}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {162-165}, editor = {Marianne Stopp} } @article {9854, title = {FbAx{\textendash}01: A Daniel Rattle Hearth in Southern Labrador}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {96-127}, abstract = {

The results of a partial excavation of an elliptical hearth in St. Lewis Inlet, Labrador, are presented. Two site dates between 1288\–1172\ cal\ BP place this site within the Daniel Rattle complex. Faunal remains suggest an inner coast adaptation, while a large assemblage of Ramah flakes suggests long-distance connections along the outer coast. Although in all respects an example of small sites archaeology, FbAx\–01 data are useful for examining broader questions of ethnicity, mobility and settlement, Amerindian contact with Dorset, and trade.

}, author = {Marianne P. Stopp} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9372, title = {The Cultural Landscapes of Port au Choix {\textendash} Precontact Hunter-Gatherers of Northwestern Newfoundland}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {358-360}, editor = {Marianne P. Stopp} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9357, title = {La Question de la Coexistence du Pal{\'e}oesquimau et de l{\textquoteright}Am{\'e}rindien: Recherches dans la R{\'e}gion de Blanc-Sablon, Basse-C{\^o}te Nord, Qu{\'e}bec}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {157-160}, editor = {Marianne P. Stopp} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9356, title = {Le Site Lavoie (DbEj-11). L{\textquoteright}Archa{\"\i}que aux Grandes Bergeronnes, Haute C{\^o}te-Nord du Saint-Laurent, Qu{\'e}bec}, volume = {21}, year = {1997}, pages = {094-096}, editor = {Marianne P. Stopp} } @article {9855, title = {Palaeo-Indian Settlement Patterns Associated with the Strandline of Glacial Lake Algonquin in Southcentral Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {001-031}, abstract = {

In Southcentral Ontario, Early and Late Palaeo-Indian peoples occupied the strandline of Glacial Lake Algonquin, with which they may have been contemporaneous, as well as older, abandoned strandlines elsewhere. While the Georgian Bay region and the eastern Simcoe Lowlands were both intensively occupied by early Palaeo-Indians, the settlement patterns in the two regions appear to have been different. The two sites known in the former region may have served as base camps from which the entire region was exploited; in contrast, the occupation of the eastern margin of the Simcoe Lowlands appears to have been much more diffuse, as indicated by more numerous but smaller sites. Archaeological work along the Algonquin strandline has probably revealed only a portion of the total settlement pattern, and there is a need to focus survey work on other landforms in different areas to discover the full range of sites used during the seasonal round.

}, author = {Peter L. Storck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9115, title = {The Parkhill Site: an Agate Basin Surface Collection in South Central Saskatchewan}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {209-211}, editor = {Peter Storck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9096, title = {Thedford II: A Paleo-Indian Site in the Ausable River Watershed of Southwestern Ontario}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {138-141}, editor = {Peter L. Stork} } @article {9555, title = {Early evidence of agriculture in the Great Lakes}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {061-076}, author = {David~M.~Stothers} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9387, title = {Philosophy and Archaeology}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {074-076}, editor = {Richard L. Stromberg} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9407, title = {Archaeological Sediments in Context}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {094}, editor = {Barbara Stucki} } @article {11536, title = {Practice Molds Place: Communities of Pottery Production and Situated Identities at Location 3 (AgHk-54)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {238-268}, abstract = {The archaeological study of Late Woodland communities in southern Ontario has identified two spatially and culturally distinct manifestations known as the Western Basin and Ontario Iroquoian Traditions. Recently, the emergence of sites along an interstice between these two manifestations has invited study of the potential for socio-material syncretization within such a {\textquotedblleft}borderland{\textquotedblright} context. Using materiality theory and the communities of practice approach, along with an attribute-based analysis of pottery vessel designs, this paper discusses notions of identity formation and place at Location~3, a thirteenth-century {\textquotedblleft}borderland{\textquotedblright} site near Arkona, Ontario. It is suggested this site was inhabited by newly configured, residentially mobile communities who perceived ceramic vessel production as a field of co-participation and learning. This, in turn, resulted in the emergence of situated social identities and notions of place, along with the materialization of a short-lived, localized design repertoire composed of combined elements from neighbouring potters.}, author = {Amanda Suko} } @article {9856, title = {Mapping Social Cohesion in Prince Rupert Harbour, BC: A Social Application of GIS to the Archaeology of the Northwest Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {179-210}, abstract = {

Over the past twenty years, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in archaeology has transformed the way spatial data are collected, stored, and analysed. The adoption of GIS into archaeology, however, has been uneven. On the Northwest Coast, the full potential of GIS has yet to be realized, both as a tool for data management and for analysis of landscapes at multiple scales. In this paper, we present results from recent research in Prince Rupert Harbour, where we combine archaeological data, GIS analyses, and social questions to explore important issues in Northwest Coast archaeology. This project demonstrates that regional patterns of interaction and change in settlement through time in Prince Rupert Harbour are closely tied to social relations, historical contingencies, and memory. We argue that a theoretically robust application of GIS to archaeological data is an important area of research on the Northwest Coast and has significant implications for conclusions we draw about social dynamics and interaction in the past.

}, author = {Kisha Supernant and Corey Cookson} } @article {9857, title = {Challenges to Critical Community-based Archaeological Practice in Canada}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {563-591}, abstract = {

The implementation of Indigenous, collaborative, and community-oriented approaches in archaeological research and practice is promoted by many archaeologists as the path to the decolonization of archaeology. Collaborative archaeology, however, may inadvertently cause harm because it can produce certain interpretations of the past that can effectively promote the Indigenous rights of one descendant community over other communities or silence the political voices of certain members within the same community. This paper presents two case studies of attempted community-oriented archaeology with different Indigenous groups in Canada, each of which encountered barriers and complications in the collaborative process. The authors conclude that community-based archaeology, despite its good intentions, has the potential to do harm to Indigenous rights and self-determination. For archaeologists who are intent on decolonizing archaeology in solidarity with Indigenous peoples, there may be situations where archaeologists should refrain from doing archaeology, support archaeology carried out by Indigenous archaeologists in their own communities and, where appropriate, become active politically in advocating for Indigenous rights and the decolonization of Canada.

}, author = {Kisha Supernant and Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9296, title = {Be of Good Mind: Essays on the Coast Salish}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {281-284}, editor = {Kisha Supernant} } @article {11810, title = {Reconciling the Past for the Future: The Next 50 Years of Canadian Archaeology in the Post-TRC Era}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {144-153}, author = {Kisha Supernant} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9307, title = {Pleistocene Bone Technology in the Beringian Refugium (Bonnichsen) and Taphonomy and Archaeology in the Upper Pleistocene of the Northern Yukon Territory: A Glimpse of the Peopling of the New World}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {225-228}, editor = {Anthony J. Sutcliffe} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9419, title = {Contact, Continuity and Collapse: The Norse Colonization of the North Atlantic}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {201-203}, editor = {Patricia D. Sutherland} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9418, title = {Changing Times: British Columbia Archaeology in the 1980{\textquoteright}s}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {187-189}, editor = {Patricia D. Sutherland} } @inbook {11033, title = {Archaeological Site Distributions on the South Coast of Devon Island, High Arctic Canada}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {131-142}, abstract = {Helicopter and foot surveys carried out in 1985 and 1987 by the NOGAP-Archaeology Project, covered most of the southern coast of Devon Island. The 269sites recorded represent all known periods of prehistoric and historic occupation of the High Arctic. Analysis of the distribution of components suggests that coastal locations close to the mouths of bays and fiords were favoured by most prehistoric occupants of the area. Palaeo-Eskimo occupations appear to have been more heavily concentrated in the western portions of the coast, and Dorset occupations were particularly associated with the inner coasts of the large bays of southwestern Devon Island. Neo-Eskimo occupations were more evenly distributed throughout the survey area. It is postulated that these distributions can be best explained in terms of access to different sea ice environments and the sea mammals associated with these environments.}, author = {Patricia D. Sutherland}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9077, title = {Prehistoric Cultural Change at Kitselas Canyon}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {245-248}, editor = {Patricia D. Sutherland} } @article {9858, title = {Using Aerial Photography for Site Survey in Arctic Canada: the Lancaster Sound NOGAP Study}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {117-128}, abstract = {

Aerial photography is widely recognized as one of the most efficient means of conducting a survey, particularly in inaccessible areas. Despite this, its application in archaeological studies within Canada has been quite limited. In 1987 a pilot study using low level/large scale aerial photography for archaeological survey was undertaken in the Lancaster Sound region of High Arctic Canada, as part of the Northern Oil and Gas Action Plan (NOGAP) Archaeology Project. This paper describes the procedures used and the results obtained in the pilot study, and discusses the efficacy of this approach relative to conventional survey methods. It concludes that aerial photography is a cost-effective technique for archaeological reconnaisance of large and relatively inaccessible areas in the Canadian High Arctic.

}, author = {Patricia D. Sutherland and H. Paul Roy} } @article {9859, title = {Previously Unpublished Neoeskimo Collections From the Beaufort Sea Coast}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {102-111}, author = {Ken Swayze} } @inbook {11027, title = {The Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Interior: Pre-Contact Inuvialuit Landuse}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 2}, volume = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {127-149}, abstract = {Over a period of three field seasons, nine small pre-contact Inuvialuit sites, believed to be representative of the landuse in the interior of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, were recorded and tested. The sites tend to be located near the outlet streams of headwater lakes with known fishery potential, and their distribution straddles the historic territories of the Kittigarymiut and the Nuvurugmiut. Artifacts and faunal remains indicate that fish and waterfowl were processed intensively from early spring to mid or late summer, but evidence for caribou hunting is minimal. This raises questions concerning pre-contact Inuvialuit social organization and specialization of resource exploitation. A procedure to resolve these questions is proposed.}, author = {Ken Swayze}, editor = {Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9860, title = {The Snyder Dam Site (DhMg-37), Southwestern Manitoba:Two New Ceramic Components}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {041-067}, abstract = {

Samples from two components of the Snyder Dam Site (DhMg-37), Southwestern Manitoba are discussed. Occupation 1 is a late Middle (or Initial) Woodland component with a weighted mean of three dates of A.D. 937\±39. Occupation 2 is a Late (or Terminal) Woodland component dating A.D. 1285\±70. The multiple dates represent a test of comparison using collagen versus charcoal dates and are accompanied by discussion of the relative merits of each material. The two components are represented by reconstructed vessels. The reconstructions show that much more information is available than from rim sherds. An attempt to relate the squat conoidal textile impressed vessels of Occupation 1 materials with other ceramic typologies of the Middle Woodland period shows that the Snyder Dam component is unique and that comparative analysis is hampered by rarity of reconstructions, lack of analysis of textile surface impressions, poor quality of visual presentations, and local regional orientation of analysis.

}, author = {E. Leigh Syms} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11119, title = {Stories of the Old Ones from Lee River, Southeastern Manitoba: The Owl Inini, Carver Inini and Dancer Ikwe}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {216-218}, editor = {Scott Hamilton} } @article {11808, title = {Breaking Lipids to Enrich the Past: Looking Up to the Next 50 Years of Organic Residue Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {124-136}, author = {Karine Tach{\'e}} } @article {9861, title = {Explaining Vinette I Pottery Variability: The View from the Batiscan Site, Qu{\'e}bec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {165-233}, abstract = {

Communities participating in the Meadowood Interaction Sphere during the Early Woodland period (3,000\–2,400 BP) were among the first to use pottery in northeastern North America. The Batiscan site, excavated in the 1960s, produced one of the largest Vinette I collections known to date. Revisiting this ceramic assemblage has revealed more heterogeneity than is generally recognized within the Vinette I type of pottery. Indeed, variations from the typological definition exist, both within and between Early Woodland ceramic collections. A number of diagnostic traits, such as the presence of exterior and interior cord impressions and the absence of decoration, are challenged by the present study. It is hypothesized that part of this variability is chronological, and that the vessels from Batiscan were manufactured closer to the end of the Early Woodland period. However, other factors, such as the frequency and scale of production, and the possible exchange and circulation of ceramic containers, must also be taken into account when interpreting Vinette I variability.

}, author = {Karine Tach{\'e}} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9403, title = {Poti{\`e}res-du-Buisson: La C{\'e}ramique de tradition Melocheville sur le site Hector-Trudel}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {177-181}, editor = {Karine Tach{\'e}} } @article {11535, title = {From Molecules to Clay Pot Cooking at the Archaic-Woodland Transition: A Glimpse from Two Sites in the Middle St. Lawrence Valley, QC}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {212-237}, abstract = {The Archaic-Woodland transition is noted for the rise of social complexity, establishment of long-distance exchange networks, and the adoption of pottery technology. The inhabitants of the Middle St.~Lawrence valley witnessed and participated in these fundamental changes. This article combines organic residue analyses and ethnohistorical data to better understand the use of Vinette 1 pottery at Batiscan and Parc des Pins, two archaeological sites in the Middle St. Lawrence valley (QC). Results suggest aquatic resources and degraded animal fats as the main sources of organic residues preserved in Vinette 1 vessels from these localities, with little contribution from plants. The methodology employed allowed the identification of substances and culinary practices which would have been impossible to detect otherwise, thereby providing new insights into the uses of ceramic containers poorly preserved and lacking clear archaeological contexts.}, author = {Karine Tach{\'e} and Adrian Burke and Oliver Craig} } @Symposium Papers {10990, title = {The utilization of land inventory data for bio-archaeology}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {191-200}, author = {Morgan~J.~Tamplin} } @article {9878, title = {The Diamond Jenness Peninsula}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {4}, year = {1972}, pages = {79}, author = {William~E.~Taylor~Jr.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9425, title = {DeBlicquy, A Thule Culture Site on Bathurst Island, N.W.T.}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {251}, author = {Taylor and McGhee} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9215, title = {Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {078-079}, editor = {Paul Thibaudeau} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9363, title = {Foundations of Social Inequality}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {160}, editor = {Paul Thibaudeau} } @article {9862, title = {An Investigation of Interassemblage Variability Within The Gulf of Georgia Phase}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {024-031}, abstract = {

This paper is an examination of diversity in archaeological assemblages within a culture type. The Gulf of Georgia Phase of the Northwest Coast provides an interesting, previously uninvestigated area to examine such diversity. It is proposed here that such diversity is limited by the environment that the assemblage occurs in. The artifact assemblages from 18 Gulf of Georgia components are summarized in a common typology and then put through a clustering routine in an attempt to clearly show the relationship between culture and environment.

}, author = {Brian Thom} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11042, title = {Public Participation in Archaeology}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, pages = {346-348}, editor = {Kiara Beaulieu} } @article {9863, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {114-117}, author = {J. Callum Thomson} } @article {9864, title = {Seasons of Difference: Stone Tool Use and Palaeolithic Seasonality in Central Europe}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {37}, year = {2013}, pages = {093-122}, abstract = {

Typologies of stone tools from prehistoric archaeological sites have traditionally provided the basis for normative models based on presumed ethno-chronologies. The study presented in this article relies on microscopic use-wear of stone tools from Upper Palaeolithic sites in Central Europe to suggest a far greater interpretive potential for lithic assemblages. Willendorf, Doln{\'\i} Vestonice, and Pavlov are well-known Gravettian sites with some of the earliest examples of carved figurines and textile fibres. Yet despite their geographic proximity their similarities and differences have rarely been seriously studied. The results of the lithic use-wear study from the sites suggest a varied seasonal occupation for both sites, permitting a more nuanced interpretation of different stone tool assemblages. This line of evidence suggests that some Palaeolithic sites may have been occupied for much longer intervals than previously considered.

}, author = {Silvia Tom{\'a}{\v s}kov{\'a}} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9066, title = {Large-Site Methodology: Architectural Analysis and Dual Organization in the Andes}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {130-132}, editor = {John Topic} } @Symposium Papers {10981, title = {Tanaina Archaeology in the Iliamna Lake Region, Alaska}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {034-041}, author = {Joan~B.~Townsend} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9431, title = {Chasing Reality: Strife over Realism}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {346-349}, editor = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @article {9868, title = {Archaeology and Anthropology: Current and Future Relations}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {001-011}, abstract = {

In recent years archaeological findings have become more important for understanding ethnographical data. Yet archaeologists remain a minority in most anthropology departments in Canada and the United States. This paper discusses the basis on which a new relationship between archaeologists and ethnologists could be established that would be of general benefit to anthropology.

}, author = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @article {9867, title = {Solicited Dialogue on "A Never Ending Story"}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {101-103}, author = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @article {9866, title = {Trace Element Analysis of Iroquoian Pottery}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {4}, year = {1980}, pages = {119-145}, abstract = {

ties and differences in the chemical composition of Iroquoian ceramics between the 5t. Lawrence Valley and the area occupied by groups ancestral to the Huron and Tionontati; among individual St. Lawrence and Ontario Iroquoian sites; between Ontario and St. Lawrence-style sherds from the same Ontario Iroquoian sites; and among different longhouses within three Ontario Iroquoian villages. The findings indicate lines along which further research of this sort may prove valuable.\"

}, author = {B.G. Trigger and L. Yaffe and M. Diksic and J.-L. Galinier and H. Marshall and J.F. Pendergast} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9432, title = {What is Archaeology? An Essay on the Nature of Archaeological Research}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {237-239}, editor = {Bruce G. Trigger} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9440, title = {The History of James Bay 1610{\textendash}1686}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {203-205}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9439, title = {Cow Point: an Archaic cemetery in New Brunswick}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {240-241}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @Symposium Papers {10978, title = {A summary of Atlantic provinces prehistory}, volume = {7}, year = {1975}, pages = {122-144}, author = {James~A.~Tuck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9197, title = {The Discovery of a Norse Settlement in America}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {247-248}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @Symposium Papers {10999, title = {Prehistoric Archaeology in Atlantic Canada Since 1975}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, pages = {201-218}, author = {James A. Tuck} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9437, title = {The Grimsby Site: A Historic Neutral Cemetery}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {071-073}, editor = {James A. Tuck} } @article {9869, title = {A Nice Place to Visit, but {\textellipsis} Prehistoric Human Extinction on the Island of Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {069-080}, abstract = {Periodic extinctions of human populations which are well documented in the archaeological record are examined in the light of the number and nature of faunal resources available to prehistoric peoples on the Island of Newfoundland. The principal prey species, both marine and terrestrial, are both limited in number and because of their migratory habits only seasonally available. During {\textquotedblleft}normal{\textquotedblright} times species become available at times during the year which allow human groups to take advantage of their presence and populations to flourish. Even short term interruptions of normal availability of a single species, however, can cause extreme stress upon human populations. The lack of {\textquotedblleft}fall-back{\textquotedblright} resources within this simple ecosystem may ultimately have also contributed to the observed extinctions of human groups.}, author = {James A. Tuck and Ralph T. Pastore} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9436, title = {Maritime Provinces Prehistory}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {250-260}, editor = {Christopher J. Turnbull and Patricia M. Allen} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9275, title = {Archaeological Survey of Canada Annual Reviews 1980{\textendash}1981}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {123-124}, editor = {Christopher J. Turnbull} } @article {9870, title = {Reflections on a Ground Slate Bayonet Fragment from the Tantramar Marsh, Upper Bay of Fundy}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {087-108}, abstract = {

A ground slate bayonet was collected from the mudflats of the upper Bay of Fundy; the environmental context of this single find is reviewed to provide a context for our expectations of the archaeological record of the region. While the Quoddy region of the bay has been known for its richness of resources and the maritime adaptation of its Native inhabitants, the adjacent region at the head of the Bay of Fundy has the lowest potential of any region in the Maritimes. The large tides in the Bay of Fundy have created a stressed ecological zone with markedly reduced resource potential of the region for an \&$\#$39;Archaic-type\&$\#$39; economy. Another distinctive mini-environment of the Maritime Provinces is identified. The geological circumstances that provoke the world\&$\#$39;s largest tides have reduced the archaeological potential of the area even further. The coastal erosion accompanying the general subsidence of the Maritime Provinces and the unique geomorphology of the bay that create the high tides have removed nearly all of the record of human history as well.

}, author = {C.J. Turnbull} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9304, title = {Archaeology, the Paleolithic of Northeast Asia, a Non-Tropical Origin for Humanity, and the Earliest Stages of the Settlement of America}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {285-288}, editor = {Christy G. Turner II} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11544, title = {An Anthropologist{\textquoteright}s Arrival: A Memoir}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {353-355}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9290, title = {A Companion to Social Archaeology}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {166-169}, editor = {Colin Varley} } @article {9871, title = {Seasonal Round Problems on the Alberta Plains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {15}, year = {1991}, pages = {055-072}, abstract = {

This paper examines the articulation of archaeological data with models of Native settlement pattern on the Alberta Plains. The models are derived from ethnographic accounts for the Historic equestrian Blackfoot, and from bison ecology for prehistoric pedestrian hunters. Both models assume that the Plains Indians were organized into residential bands which may have formed tribal aggregates in some seasons. The archaeological data indicate that two patterns of spring settlement existed; one of bands communally hunting bison, another of extended family groups stalking bison. There is no evidence for summer tribal aggregations; rather, it appears that small family camps were situated along the edges of river valleys. Large fall season communal kills and camps are under-represented in comparison to the Wyoming record; this may be a sampling problem. Two patterns exist for winter: large, isolated, multi-band camps in major river valleys, and smaller band camps distributed more continuously along smaller streams. The large winter camps form the best evidence for residential aggregates larger than the band in prehistoric times. These data suggest that the settlement pattern was more complex than accounted for by existing models.

}, author = {J. Rod Vickers} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11250, title = {Carl W. Blegen: Personal and Archaeological Narratives}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {348{\textendash}351}, editor = {Laurie Milne} } @inbook {11013, title = {Accelerator Radiocarbon Dates from the NOGAP Archaeology Project}, booktitle = {CAA Occasional Paper No. 1}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {143-147}, abstract = {The technique of accelerator mass spectrometry was used to provide radiocarbon ages for 31 bone, antler and wood samples. The samples were sufficiently large (0.25 - 2g) and well-preserved that routine preparative procedures could be used. We encountered no unusual problems, and so we are confident that the results obtained are reliable.}, author = {John S. Vogel and Thomas A. Brown and John R. Southon and D. Erle Nelson}, editor = {Jacques Cinq-Mars and Jean-Luc Pilon} } @article {9499, title = {Balsam Lake Chert from the Upper Member of the Middle Ordovician Bobcaygeon Formation of Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {135-148}, abstract = {

Balsam Lake chert, a diagnostic lithic material characterized by its dark bluish-gray colour and peloidal texture, is of interest because of its use by native peoples of southern Ontario for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Archaeologists have found this material at various sites but its geological source has until now remained unknown. We have located two in situ sources of the chert in the upper member of the Bobcaygeon Formation on Balsam Lake. This chert is apparently, discontinuously bedded and restricted to one horizon, an important factor in tracing it elsewhere in the area and in locating Indian quarry and workshop sites.

}, author = {Peter H. von Bitter and Betty Eley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9384, title = {Archaeological Metrology: English, French, American and Canadian Systems of Weights and Measures for North American Historical Archaeology}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {124-126}, editor = {Heinz W, Pyszczyk} } @Symposium Papers {11000, title = {Temporal and Biological Dimensions of the Gray Site Population}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {119-130}, abstract = {From the beginning of work at the Gray Burial Site in southwestern Saskatchewan in 1969, it has been unclear whether the site was used by one or several groups, and whether use of the site was interrupted by one or more intervals of inactivity. This paper assesses old and new evidence bearing on these questions. Consideration is given to the existing radiocarbon dates, new fluorine dates, and cluster analyses of skeletal data. The author concludes that the Gray Site was probably used continuously by a single group of people for a protracted period.}, author = {William D. Wade} } @article {9872, title = {Distinguishing Sex of Bison bison bison Using Discriminant Function Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {100-116}, abstract = {

Sex ratio of prey has long been recognized as an important statistic for analysis of hunting and processing decisions made by bison hunters. Methods for assigning sex to bison bones, often involving the analysis of complete single elements such as metapodials, have been developed. Seasonal nutritional differences between the sexes may have been a factor in decision-making by hunters. Because extracting nutrition from bone requires breakage, methods that can assign sex to fragmented bones are required to test this conclusion. Sex determination equations derived from discriminant function analysis of known sex Bison bison bison for the proximal and distal ends of long bones are presented. The equations are applicable only to materials less than 6,000 years old.

}, author = {Dale Walde} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9033, title = {Imagining Head-Smashed-In: Aboriginal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {170-173}, editor = {Dale A. Walde} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9173, title = {Assessing Site Significance: A Guide for Archaeologists and Historians}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {225-228}, editor = {Dale Walde} } @article {12919, title = {Compositional Analysis of Glass Beads from Huron-Wendat Contexts at the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette Mission Site, Quebec}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {135-157}, abstract = {

Glass trade beads recovered during the 2018 excavations of the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette Mission Site (CeEu-11), the site of a c.\ 1673{\textendash}1697 Huron-Wendat village at L{\textquoteright}Ancienne-Lorette (Quebec), were analyzed using Laser Ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This minimally invasive analysis, conducted with permission from the Huron-Wendat Nation of Quebec, provides information about glass bead recipes that can be compared to other known samples from across eastern North America. This paper presents compositional analysis results for 78 artifacts (mainly simple, drawn varieties of blue and white beads) and compares the L{\textquoteright}Ancienne-Lorette glass bead compositions to those from other seventeenth-century Wendat archaeological sites in the Western Great Lakes and in Southern Ontario. These sites were occupied both prior to and after the ca. 1650 dispersal of Huron-Wendat people from Wendake. From this research, historic Wendat trade networks and population movements can be inferred.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51270/45.2.135}, author = {Heather Walder and St{\'e}phane No{\"e}l} } @article {9873, title = {The Woodlawn Site: A Case for Interregional Disease Transmission in the Late Prehistoric Period}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {049-059}, abstract = {

The Woodlawn site is a Late Prehistoric burial site assigned to the Devils Lake-Sourisford Burial Complex of the Northeastern Plains. This paper is concerned with the identification of tuberculous infection in skeletal remains from this site and considers the possibility that the establishment of interregional trade networks with Middle Mississippian populations is responsible for the appearance of this disease in Saskatchewan.

}, author = {Ernest G. Walker} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9445, title = {The Moose Bay Burial Mound (EdMq 3)}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {113-115}, editor = {Ernest G. Walker} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9225, title = {The Kensington Runestone: Approaching a Research Question Holistically}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {143-149}, editor = {Birgitta Wallace} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9449, title = {Archaeology Matters: Action Archaeology in the Modern World}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, pages = {325-327}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9127, title = {The Archaeology of Native-Lived Colonialism: Challenging History in the Great Lakes}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {125-127}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9170, title = {Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario, 1791{\textendash}1914}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, pages = {189-192}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9331, title = {At a Crossroads: Archaeology and First Peoples in Canada}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {137-143}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9427, title = {The St. Lawrence Iroquoians: Corn People}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {287-290}, editor = {Gary Warrick} } @article {11805, title = {Theorizing Materiality}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {092-100}, author = {Christopher Watts} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9159, title = {Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {289-292}, editor = {John R. Welch} } @Obituaries {9941, title = {M. A. Priscilla Renouf (August 8, 1953{\textendash}April 4, 2014)}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-4}, author = {Patricia Wells} } @article {9874, title = {Dorset Culture Bone and Antler Tool Reproductions Using Replica Lithics: Report on the Identification of Some Possible Manufacture Traces on Osseous Tools from Phillip{\textquoteright}s Garden, Newfoundland}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, pages = {394-423}, abstract = {

This report describes a project to reproduce four Dorset Culture osseous (bone and antler) tools common at the Phillip\’s Garden site (EeBi-1), northwestern Newfoundland. Replicas of Dorset lithic tools were used to manufacture a needle, a barbed point, a harpoon head and a foreshaft-like tool. The characteristic traces generated on the osseous tools in the manufacture process were documented and compared, under low-power magnification, to archaeological examples of the same tools. There were some differences, but many similarities were noted in the comparisons. The project outcomes suggest the tentative identification of possible manufacture traces on archaeological material associated with the use of particular lithic tools, and include an evaluation of the capacities of some Dorset lithics in tool making. These results present tangible traces of Dorset tool making that suggest some conventional practices at Phillip\’s Garden, and demonstrate potential for expanding this enquiry to understand change and endurance in practices throughout the broader Dorset region.

}, author = {Patricia J. Wells and Renouf, M.A.P. and Tim Rast} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9281, title = {Ts{\textquoteright}ishaa: Archaeology and Ethnography of a Nuu-chah-nulth Origin Site in Barkley Sound}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {330-332}, editor = {Gary Wessen} } @Symposium Papers {11001, title = {Foreword to The Oxbow Complex in Time and Space conferenceosium}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, pages = {079-081}, author = {Boyd Wettlaufer} } @article {9655, title = {Context and Association in Canadian Shield Rock Art Systematics}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {077-084}, author = {James Patrick Whelan Jr.} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11408, title = {Strung Out on Archaeology: An Introduction to Archaeological Research}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, pages = {132-133}, editor = {George Nicholas} } @article {9875, title = {Preliminary Report on Human Interment Patterns of the Draper Site}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {117-121}, abstract = {

A brief description is presented of 13 non-ossuary human burials encountered in excavation of the Draper site, a proto-contact Ontario Huron site. Ethnographic descriptions of Huron burial practices suggest interpretations for the distinctive nature of these interments.

}, author = {Ron Williamson} } @article {11798, title = {Archaeological Heritage Management: The Last and Next Half Century}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {013-019}, author = {Ronald F. Williamson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9394, title = {The Human Fossil Record, Volume Four: Craniodental Morphology of Early Hominids (Genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Orrrorin) and Overview}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {150-153}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9413, title = {Explaining Human Origins: Myth, Imagination and Conjecture}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {144-146}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9244, title = {Olduvai Gorge Volume 5: Excavations in Beds III, IV and the Masek Beds 1968{\textendash}1971}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {160-163}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9456, title = {Origins and Revolutions: Human Identity in Earliest Prehistory}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, pages = {182-184}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9350, title = {African Archaeology}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-191}, editor = {Pamela R. Willoughby} } @article {9882, title = {An Athabaskan Hypothesis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, pages = {033-040}, abstract = {

Two major routes for the southward migration of the southern Athabaskans have been suggested, one through the Plains, the other through the Plateau. The evidence for each of these routes is assessed, and strengths and weaknesses noted. It is suggested that in fact both routes were used, with a complex pattern of divergence and merging at different times and places during the migration.

}, author = {Roscoe Wilmeth} } @article {9817, title = {Distribution of several types of obsidian from archaeological sites in British Columbia}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {5}, year = {1973}, pages = {027-060}, author = {Roscoe Wilmeth} } @Symposium Papers {10996, title = {Chilcotin Archaeology}, volume = {2}, year = {1970}, pages = {042-043}, author = {Roscoe Wilmeth} } @article {9881, title = {Pit-House Construction and the Disturbance of Stratified Sites}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {135-140}, author = {Roscoe Wilmeth} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9344, title = {Bison Ethology and Native Settlement Patterns During the Old Women{\textquoteright}s Phase on the Northwestern Plains}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {350-355}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @article {9883, title = {Sechelt Zoomorphic Stone Bowl}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {24}, year = {2000}, pages = {007-016}, abstract = {

In July 1991, an intricate stone bowl pecked and ground into the form of a bird was presented to the Sechelt band for permanent display in their museum. This pedastalled zoomorphic stone bowl, an impressive piece of sculpture in its own right, is unique in that it represents the first such item to have been recovered and reported from a dated archaeological context on the west coast of British Columbia. The artifact is one of the benchmarks of the Marpole Culture type and was recovered from a unique high-elevation site.

}, author = {Ian R. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9165, title = {Art of the Mammoth Hunters: The Finds from Avdeevo}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {163-166}, editor = {Lucy Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9218, title = {The Sheguiandah Site: Archaeological, Geological and Paleobotanical Studies at a Paleoindian Site on Manitoulin Island, Ontario}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {344-348}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @article {9885, title = {Geoarchaeological Investigations of the Age and Context of the Stalker (Taber Child) Site, DlPa 4, Alberta}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {7}, year = {1983}, pages = {179-207}, abstract = {

Detailed archaeological excavations were carried out in 1978 and 1979 at the Stalker Site (DlPa-4), north of Taber, Alberta. Their purpose was to clarify the stratigraphic sequence at the site, to evaluate the probable context of the human remains, and to search for additional human or faunal remains. The Quaternary deposits exposed included tills, intertill sands, ice-contact lacustrine deposits, Holocene slope deposits, and mudflow deposits. Slope retreat in recent years has not been as extensive at the site as originally believed, and Holocene deposits from an earlier gully cycle were identified. Diamictons that initially appeared to be till blocks in the orange intertill sands proved upon excavation to be Holocene mudflows, and contained bones (bison and jackrabbit). Bones of these species and pronghorn antelope were also recovered from Holocene slope deposits. Sediment samples from various units and from the Taber Child specimen were subjected to semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction spectrometry and percentage compositions of major mineral constituents were compared. The Taber Child matrix was diamictic and did not closely resemble sediment samples from the orange (rusty) intertill sands formerly thought to be the deposit of origin. Closer resemblances were noted with other deposits, including the Holocene mudflows. Given the presence of mudflow deposits within about one metre of the estimated discovery point, it is concluded that the Taber Child specimen could reasonably have come from Holocene deposits at the site. Cementation of matrix around the fossil was due to seepage at the site and is not an indicator of great antiquity.

}, author = {Michael Clayton Wilson and David W. Harvey and Richard G. Forbis} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9207, title = {Ideas of Landscape}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {291-295}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9238, title = {Islands on the Plains: Ecological, Social, and Ritual Use of Landscapes}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, pages = {148-151}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @article {9884, title = {The Pink Mountain Site (HhRr{\textendash}1): an Early Prehistoric Campsite in Northeastern B.C.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {051-067}, abstract = {

The Pink Mountain site, located in the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in northern British Columbia, revealed artifacts suggestive of a 3,000 year time span extending to a fluted point occupation. The site appears to have been associated with a large proglacial lake. Comparisons of the artifacts with other northern and Rocky Mountain collections suggest affinities with Northern Cordilleran, Plano and Cody complex materials. Fluted points from the site are very similar to the specimen recovered from Charlie Lake Cave near Fort St. John. Microblade cores and macroblades were also recovered from the Pink Mountain site. Tentative associations between a microblade and, possibly, a macroblade industry and the fluted point technology are suggested.

}, author = {Ian R. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9156, title = {Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {250-253}, editor = {Michael C. Wilson} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9374, title = {The Archaeologist{\textquoteright}s Manual for Conservation: A Guide to Non-Toxic, Minimal Intervention Artifact Stabilization}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {154-157}, editor = {Barbara Winter} } @article {9886, title = {Quantifying Landscape Diversity and Uniqueness in the Prairie Ecozone}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {251-270}, abstract = {

SCAPE is an interdisciplinary research project examining human-environmental interactions of precontact groups in localities exhibiting exceptional physiographic and ecological diversity. While overall ecological diversity has been used to explain the patterns of intense occupation exhibited in these areas, there has been no formal investigation comparing the relative diversity and uniqueness of these landscapes or relative intensity of occupation occurring in these areas with adjacent environments across the Prairie ecozone. This paper presents a GIS-based methodology for quantitatively assessing the diversity and uniqueness of landscapes based on the analysis of geoindicators and the relationship between ecologically diverse and unique landscapes and the occurrence of archaeological sites. Results of these analyses indicate that at least one of the four SCAPE study areas exhibits exceptionally high diversity and uniqueness and that, overall, landscapes scoring in the highest category for combined diversity and uniqueness have significantly higher than expected frequencies of archaeological sites.

}, author = {Dion Wiseman and James Graham} } @article {9887, title = {A Coiled Basket Fragment and Other Organic Artifacts from the Keatley Creek Site, British Columbia}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {144-150}, abstract = {

Several unusual wood and plant artifactual remains were recovered from the Keatley Creek site in the Interior of British Columbia. The most important of these is a charred fragment of a coiled basket recovered from a Protohistoric Period ritual structure dated to 250 BP. This is the only archaeological example of coiled basketry from the Interior, and such examples are extremely rare on the Coast also. While it may have served as a cooking or water container, we also suggest that it may have been a prestige item, possibly used in ritual contexts. The other artifacts described include a section of a wooden shaft implement like a bow or hoop frame dated to 1410 BP, and a bifacial stone knife from a storage pit that still retained a bark wrapping probably dating to ca. 1000 BP.

}, author = {Karen L. Wittke and Brian Hayden and and Marie-Ange Lauwerys} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11944, title = {Applied Zooarchaeology: Five Case Studies}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, pages = {287-293}, editor = {Trevor J. Orchard} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9459, title = {An Early Paleo-Indian Site Near Parkhill, Ontario}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {147-148}, editor = {Philip Woodley} } @article {9888, title = {Thistle Hill (AhGx{\textendash}226): a Late Archaic House Pit Feature from Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, pages = {197}, author = {Philip Woodley} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9133, title = {British Columbia Prehistory}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {248-250}, editor = {William Workman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9246, title = {The Rat Indian Creek Site and the Late Prehistoric Period in the Interior Northem Yukon}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {189-191}, editor = {William B. Workman} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9070, title = {Western Subarctic Prehistory}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {141-144}, editor = {William Workman} } @article {9892, title = {The Implications of Probable Early and Middle Archaic Projectile Points from Southern Ontario}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1978}, pages = {059-078}, abstract = {

On the basis of surface collections from southwestern Southern Ontario it appears that Early (8000-6000 B.C.) and Middle (6000-4000 B.C.) Archaic occupations are represented. In addition to the distributional evidence for Early and Middle Archaic in the province, the following matters are examined: the association of Early and Middle Archaic projectile point varieties with the present Carolinian Biotic Province; consideration of the Fitting-Ritchie hypothesis that much of the Northeast was sparsely populated between 7000 B.C. and 4000 B.C.; and the possible relationship between late Palaeo-Indian cultures of the north and Early Archaic cultures and/or influences from the south.

}, author = {James V. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9343, title = {Shamanism and the Ancient Mind: A Cognitive Approach to Archaeology}, volume = {28}, year = {2004}, pages = {404-406}, editor = {Joyce M. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9463, title = {Mounds of Sacred Earth, Burial Mounds of Ontario}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, pages = {192-196}, editor = {James V. Wright} } @article {9891, title = {The Comparative Radiometric Dating of Two Prehistoric Ontario Iroquoian Villages}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {9}, year = {1985}, pages = {057-068}, abstract = {

The three major conclusions of the paper are as follows: the reliability of bone collagen dates relative to wood charcoal dates is dependant upon the total removal of inorganic carbonates by the laboratory; a geographic variable relative to the extraction of old carbonates appears to exist since collagen dates were comparable to wood charcoal dates from the McIvor site but not the Nodwell site despite the fact that the same laboratory collagen extraction technique was used; and calibrated date intervals derived from dated tree-rings of known age appear to represent a more realistic structuring of archaeological time than mid-point dates with a one sigma probability range.

}, author = {James V. Wright} } @article {9890, title = {Ceramic Vessels of the Wendat Confederacy: Indicators of Tribal Affiliation or Mobile Clans?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, pages = {40-72}, abstract = {

This paper constitutes a comparison of ceramic vessel types from 21 site collections representing different geographic clusters and taxonomic divisions of the Wendat (Huron) between the 15th and 17th centuries. Since these data were derived from previously published reports, the analysis necessarily involved the use of ceramic types rather than attributes. This proved expedient because it clarified the varying degree of foreign (non-Wendat) ware of which each collection was comprised. The observation that as much as a quarter to a half of the vessels of some collections were foreign, indicated that traditional comparisons of total site samples would tend to obscure local relationships. By focusing solely on Wendat ceramics, it was possible to identify homogeneity in the ceramic decoration of the 15th and 16th centuries that, with the addition of historical documentary and further archaeological evidence, is argued to reveal sub-group mobility between settlements, a situation that was apparently not perpetuated into the 17th century.

}, author = {Joyce M. Wright} } @article {9642, title = {The Nodwell site: A mid-14th century Iroquois village}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {3}, year = {1971}, pages = {001-011}, author = {James V. Wright} } @Obituaries {11428, title = {Sterling L. Presley (1934-1989)}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {223-225}, author = {J.V. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9118, title = {The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650}, volume = {16}, year = {1992}, pages = {118-120}, editor = {Milton J. Wright} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9461, title = {The Children of Aataentsic, a History of the Huron People to 1660}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {183-186}, editor = {James V. Wright} } @article {9646, title = {Archaeological taxonomy: Apples and oranges}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {6}, year = {1974}, pages = {206-209}, author = {James V. Wright} } @article {9889, title = {Trends and Consequences in Canadian Prehistory}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {001-014}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

It is argued that the focus of most anthropology departments in Canadian universities is rapidly diverging from those traditional fields which provided a link of common interests between prehistorians and anthropologists. As a result, the training of archaeologists is beginning to suffer from the position of the discipline as a minor peripheral element in departments of anthropology. One possible solution to this situation lies in the breaking of traditional ties with anthropology, and the establishment of separate departments of archaeology in various parts of the country.

}, author = {James V. Wright and with comments by Bruce Drewitt and Patrick Plumet and Bruce G. Trigger and Richard G. Forbis and Roy L. Carlson} } @article {9641, title = {The Destruction of Canada{\textquoteright}s Prehistory}, journal = {Bulletin}, volume = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {005-011}, author = {James V. Wright} } @article {9895, title = {Contextualizing Ethics: Comments on Ethics in Canadian Archaeology by Robert Rosenswig}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {21}, year = {1998}, pages = {115-120}, author = {Alison Wylie} } @article {9894, title = {La R{\'e}alit{\'e} et la Fiction: Une Nouvelle Fa{\c c}on d{\textquoteright}{\'E}crire l{\textquoteright}Arch{\'e}ologie}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {013-025}, author = {Alison Wylie} } @article {9893, title = {Facts and Fictions: Writing Archaeology in a Different Voice}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {17}, year = {1993}, pages = {005-012}, author = {Alison Wylie} } @article {9896, title = {Regarding the American Paleolithic}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {062-073}, abstract = {

Taxonomies currently employed in Plains archaeology were devised in the mid-20th century. As a new century unfolds, the time has come to revisit them and to suggest alternatives that acknowledge the emergence of a World Archaeology. Terms such as prehistory and Archaic were created to describe the material culture assemblages in the Western hemisphere. However, as a global perspective becomes more common in archaeology, there is a need to adopt terms that have meaning for audiences around the world. This article addresses that topic and suggests alternatives to the broad categories in use. Replacing Paleoindian with Upper Paleolithic, Archaic with Epipaleolithic, and Woodland with Neolithic achieves the objective of placing Aboriginal peoples on an equal basis with other early peoples elsewhere in the world.

}, author = {Eldon Yellowhorn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9467, title = {A Forest of Time: American Indian Ways of History}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {349-352}, editor = {Eldon Yellowhorn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9466, title = {Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining "Native": Selected Writings}, volume = {27}, year = {2003}, pages = {149-152}, editor = {Eldon Yellowhorn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9465, title = {Canada{\textquoteright}s Stonehenge: Astounding Archaeological Discoveries in Canada, England, and Wales}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {128-130}, editor = {Eldon Yellowhorn} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {11276, title = {Rivers, Fish, and the People. Tradition, Science, and Historical Ecology of Fisheries in the American West}, volume = {40}, year = {2016}, pages = {213{\textendash}215}, editor = {Catherine C. Carlson} } @article {9897, title = {Mocotagan, Couteau Croche Algonquien; Techniques et Origines}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, pages = {017-037}, abstract = {

Crooked knives or mocotagans have been important articles in the Algonkian tool kit since at least the beginning of the eighteenth century and probably earlier. Today, the manufacturing technique employed by the Native artisan is quite similar to the Puropean method of softening the metal by heating it to red hot, shaping, reheating and then quenching to harden the metal. However, in former times the temperatures and speeds of the heating and cooling processes were varied so as to circumvent the need for high temperatures while still producing metals whose properties suited the intended tasks. Such detailed technical knowledge may find some parallels in the prehistoric working of native copper, but more likely it was a method learned from Europeans and modified to suit the new and varied conditions of adaptation to the boreal forest. Although precursors have been proposed (especially modified rodent incisors), functional parallels are lacking. Rather, it would appear that it was the coalescing of the native technical knowledge and adaptive skills essential to life in the boreal forest, and the metallurgical knowledge of the Europeans trading into eastern North America which likely led to the innovation of the mocotagan.

}, author = {Jean-Luc Pilon et Sandra Zacharias} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9470, title = {Sagas and Popular Antiquarianism in Icelandic Archaeology}, volume = {22}, year = {1999}, pages = {086-087}, editor = {Cynthia Zutter} } @article {9898, title = {Predicting North American Late Pleistocene Archaeology Using an Optimal Foraging Model}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal canadien d{\textquoteright}arch{\'e}ologie}, volume = {13}, year = {1989}, pages = {069-096}, abstract = {

This study outlines an alternative method for increasing the Late Pleistocene archaeological record in North America. An optimal foraging model is formulated based on reconstructed biomass quantities for the vegetation and fauna of the Ice-free corridor region of western Canada. The most productive areas during the Late Pleistocene are assumed to be the most probably locations for human settlements and archaeological sites.

}, author = {Cynthia Zutter} } @Book Reviews/Comptes-rendus {9469, title = {Huron Paleoethnobotany}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, pages = {147-149}, editor = {Cynthia Zutter} }